DOCSLIB.ORG

Forest for All Forever

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Forest for All Forever Centralized National Risk Assessment for Papua New Guinea FSC-CNRA-PG V1-0 EN FSC-CNRA-PG V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PAPUA NEW GUINEA 2019 – 1 of 241 – Centralized National Risk Assessment for Papua New Title: Guinea Document reference FSC-CNRA-PG V1-0 EN code: Approval body: FSC International Center: Performance and Standards Unit Date of approval: 26 June 2019 Contact for comments: FSC International Center - Performance and Standards Unit - Adenauerallee 134, 53113 Bonn, Germany +49-(0)228-36766-0 +49-(0)228-36766-30 [email protected] © 2019 Forest Stewardship Council, A.C. All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the publisher’s copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, recording taping, or information retrieval systems) without the written permission of the publisher. Printed copies of this document are for reference only. Please refer to the electronic copy on the FSC website (ic.fsc.org) to ensure you are referring to the latest version. The Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC) is an independent, not for profit, non- government organization established to support environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable management of the world’s forests. FSC’s vision is that the world’s forests meet the social, ecological, and economic rights and needs of the present generation without compromising those of future generations. FSC-CNRA-PG V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PAPUA NEW GUINEA 2019 – 2 of 241 – Contents Risk assessments that have been finalized for Papua New Guinea .......................... 4 Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for Papua New Guinea .................... 5 Risk assessments ..................................................................................................... 7 Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood ........................................... 7 Overview ........................................................................................................... 7 Sources of legal timber in Papua New Guinea ................................................. 22 Risk assessment ............................................................................................. 26 Recommended control measures .................................................................. 136 Controlled wood category 2: Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights ................................................................................................................. 143 Risk assessment ........................................................................................... 143 Recommended control measures .................................................................. 144 Detailed analysis ........................................................................................... 144 Controlled wood category 3: Wood from forests in which high conservation values are threatened by management activities .......................................................... 201 Overview ....................................................................................................... 201 Experts consulted .......................................................................................... 207 Risk assessment ........................................................................................... 208 Recommended control measures .................................................................. 223 Information sources ....................................................................................... 225 Controlled wood category 4: Wood from forests being converted to plantations or non-forest use ................................................................................................... 230 Risk assessment ........................................................................................... 230 Recommended control measures .................................................................. 235 Controlled wood category 5: Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are planted ........................................................................................................ 237 Risk assessment ........................................................................................... 237 Recommended control measures .................................................................. 241 FSC-CNRA-PG V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PAPUA NEW GUINEA 2019 – 3 of 241 – Risk assessments that have been finalized for Papua New Guinea Risk assessment Controlled Wood categories completed? 1 Illegally harvested wood YES 2 Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights YES Wood from forests where high conservation values are 3 NO threatened by management activities Wood from forests being converted to plantations or non- 4 YES forest use Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are 5 YES planted FSC-CNRA-PG V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PAPUA NEW GUINEA 2019 – 4 of 241 – Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for Papua New Guinea Indicator Risk designation (including functional scale when relevant) Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood 1.1 Specified risk 1.2 Specified risk 1.3 Specified risk for Timber Permits issued under Forest Management Agreements (or the now superseded TRPs or LFAs). Not applicable for all other source types 1.4 Specified risk 1.5 Specified risk 1.6 Specified risk 1.7 Specified risk for natural forests and privately-owned plantations. Low risk for State owned plantation forests. 1.8 Specified risk 1.9 Specified risk 1.10 Specified risk 1.11 Specified risk 1.12 Specified risk 1.13 Specified risk 1.14 Specified risk 1.15 Specified risk 1.16 Specified risk 1.17 N/A 1.18 Specified risk 1.19 Specified risk 1.20 Specified risk 1.21 N/A Controlled wood category 2: Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights 2.1 Low risk 2.2 Specified risk 2.3 Specified risk Controlled wood category 3: Wood from forests where high conservation values are threatened by management activities 3.0 Specified risk 3.1 Specified risk 3.2 Specified risk 3.3 Specified risk 3.4 Specified risk 3.5 Specified risk 3.6 Specified risk Controlled wood category 4: Wood from forests being converted to plantations or non-forest use FSC-CNRA-PG V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PAPUA NEW GUINEA 2019 – 5 of 241 – 4.1 Specified risk Controlled wood category 5: Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are planted 5.1 Low risk FSC-CNRA-PG V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PAPUA NEW GUINEA 2019 – 6 of 241 – Risk assessments Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood Overview Papua New Guinea’s (PNG) total land area is 46.284 million hectares. Approximately 72 per cent (33.5 million ha) of the total land mass is forest. The remaining land is made up of approx. 4 million ha of other wooded land, 8.6 million ha of other land and 0.57 million ha of inland water bodies (FAO 2015).1 In 2010, the plantation forests area was approximately 63 000 ha (FAO 2015). According to the most recent FAO Forest Resource Assessment (2015), PNG has a growing stock volume of 5.1 billion m3 all of which is broadleaved species. Approximately 50 per cent of this is designated for wood production and other commercial use (PNGFA 2009). The recent report PNG National Forest Monitoring system (Hitofumi Abe, 2016) includes the following classifications of PNGs forests: - 2% mangrove, 0.589 million ha, - 10% swamp forest 2.944 million ha, - 2% monsoon or dry evergreen forest 0.589 million ha, - 57% lowland rainforest 16.779 million ha, - 27% lower to mid montane forest 7.948 million ha, - 2% upper-montane & sub-Alpine forest 0.589 million ha. Approximately 8.7 million ha has been classified as production forest. Production forests are defined as “areas that have legally been acquired by the State for timber production. Includes all the Timber Rights Purchase (TRP), Local Forest Areas (LFA) and Forest Management Agreement (FMA) areas (FAO 2015, p 33). The FAO report states that this area is increasing as more areas being brought into production through the allocation of new timber permits (FAO 2016, p 22). In 2012, approximately 38 million cubic meters was removed from production forests (FAO 2015, p 40). 1 FAO defines forest as “Forest Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of more than 10 percent or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use. Other wooded land is “Land not classified as "Forest" spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of 5-10 percent or trees able to reach these thresholds; or with a combined cover of shrubs bushes and trees above 10 percent. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use.” Other land “All land that is not classified as "Forest" or "Other wooded land".” And Inland water bodies as “inland water bodies generally include major rivers, lakes and water reservoirs”. FSC-CNRA-PG V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PAPUA NEW GUINEA 2019 – 7 of 241 – Papua New Guinea’s forest industry is focused on the harvesting of natural forest areas for round log exports. Most of the timber extracted from PNG comes from natural forests, however, there is
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kennebec Woodland Days 2016 Public Events That Recognize & Celebrate Our Forests
    Kennebec Woodland Days 2016 Public Events that Recognize & Celebrate Our Forests Women and Our Woods – A Maine Outdoors Workshop WHEN: Saturday, October 15, 2016, 8:30 am -4:30 pm WHERE: Pine Tree Camp, Rome, Maine Women and our Woods is teaming up with Women of the Maine Outdoors to offer an action-packed workshop for women woodland owners and outdoor enthusiasts! Join us for engaging, hands-on classes in a variety of topics including forestry for the birds; Where in the woods are we?; Chainsaws: Safety First; & Wildlife Tracking. Participation limited, so please register soon! REGISTER: womenofthemeoutdoors.com. FMI: Amanda Mahaffey:207-432-3701 or [email protected] COST: $40. How to Plan for a Successful Timber Harvest – Waldoboro WHEN: Tuesday, October 18, 6:00-8:00 pm WHERE: Medomak Valley H.S., Waldoboro If timber harvesting is part of the long-range plan, how do you go about actually putting together a timber harvest? This session will talk about the steps landowners can take to prepare for a harvest and to make sure they get the results they want. We will discuss tree selection, types of harvests, access trails, equipment options, wood products, and communicating with foresters and loggers. REGISTER: Lincoln County Adult Education website; register and pay using a debit/credit card at: msad40.maineadulted.org OR clc.maineadulted.org. FMI: District Forester Morten Moesswilde at 441- 2895 [email protected] COST: Course Fee: $14 Family Forestry Days WHEN: Saturday, October 22, 1:30-3:30 pm WHERE: Curtis Homestead, Bog Road, Leeds The Kennebec Land Trust (KLT) invites you to Family Forestry Day: A Sustainable Forestry Education Program.
    [Show full text]
  • Show Guide a Comprehensive Listing of All the Events, Panels and Exhibitors of the 2017 OLC
    Steep Slope Logging in 2017 Official Hidden Historical Gem SHOW Hull-Oakes Lumber Company, Monroe, OR GUIDE Hitting the Ground at a Gallop Iron Horse Logging Presents The Logging, Construction, Mapleton, OR Trucking & Heavy Equipment Expo ON THE COVER Photo taken at the 2016 Oregon Logging Conference January/February 2017 Vol. 42 No. 01-02 6 2017 OLC Show Guide A comprehensive listing of all the events, panels and exhibitors of the 2017 OLC. 2017 OLC Show Guide Breakfasts to Welcome Loggers ............................................. Page 15 Chainsaw Carving Event. ........................................................... Page 42 Dessert for Dreams ..................................................................... Page 22 Exhibitor’s List. .............................................................................. Page 58 Family Day. ..................................................................................... Page 38 Friday Night 79th Celebration Even ...................................... Page 20 Food Locations ............................................................................. Page 40 Guess the Net Board Feet ......................................................... Page 24 Keynote speaker. .......................................................................... Page 14 Log Loader Competition ........................................................... Page 54 MAP............. ...................................................................................... Page 48 Meet & Greet ................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the 3Rd GBIF Science Symposium Brussels, 18-19 April 2005
    Proceedings of the 3rd GBIF Science Symposium Brussels, 18-19 April 2005 Tropical Biodiversity: Science, Data, Conservation Edited by H. Segers, P. Desmet & E. Baus Proceedings of the 3rd GBIF Science Symposium Brussels, 18-19 April 2005 Tropical Biodiversity: Science, Data, Conservation Edited by H. Segers, P. Desmet & E. Baus Recommended form of citation Segers, H., P. Desmet & E. Baus, 2006. ‘Tropical Biodiversity: Science, Data, Conservation’. Proceedings of the 3rd GBIF Science Symposium, Brussels, 18-19 April 2005. Organisation - Belgian Biodiversity Platform - Belgian Science Policy In cooperation with: - Belgian Clearing House Mechanism of the CBD - Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences - Global Biodiversity Information Facility Conference sponsors - Belgian Science Policy 1 Table of contents Research, collections and capacity building on tropical biological diversity at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences .........................................................................................5 Van Goethem, J.L. Research, Collection Management, Training and Information Dissemination on Biodiversity at the Royal Museum for Central Africa .......................................................................................26 Gryseels, G. The collections of the National Botanic Garden of Belgium ....................................................30 Rammeloo, J., D. Diagre, D. Aplin & R. Fabri The World Federation for Culture Collections’ role in managing tropical diversity..................44 Smith, D. Conserving
    [Show full text]
  • Dick Campbell L E L-77398
    u . - ----.-- o NOVEMBER. 1987 31756O OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF INTERNATION ALORDER OF HOO HOO THE FRATERNAI ORDER OF THE FOREST PRODUCTSINDSTRY s N A R K i 9 o 8 F 7 r I T i H 9 E 8 8 U N I V E R s DICK CAMPBELL L E L-77398 1- . ,, i ' ' . .. p \____ J I I_,& TIIt SI'S 3 I7 6C)) i. puhhhcd qLlirwrh I.'r VICE PRESIDENTS' REPORT S5.'9 per tear h he InftmaUo!laI Concatcnuitcd LOG & TALLY Order ,f Hc,Hoo. Iii. P 0. Ro II X . GElrdon. Ark. 71743, SecondCI; age paid at Gurdo,t. Ark.. NOVEMBER, 1988 VOLUME 97 NO I arid additional mili i TIF! ' POSTMASTER Send addrL hangesh. tor & FIRST VICE PRESIDENT will tive us an added dimensäon in communication through this TalI. P 0 B' II 8. (jurdon. Ark. 7 I 743 increasingly popular medium. Phil CocksL-77298 In 1992. Hoo-Hoowillbe 100 years old. Rameses Laurn Champ is heading up this project which will be held in Hot We want them. have Just returned from 2 weeksofHoo-Hooing whichSprings. Arkansas. Fund raising is already under way with a Our hard working Gurdon crew. Billy and Beth. will be included the International Convention in Seattle and a tour ofspecial $ I per member per year assessment. getting an updated computer for general procedures to continue the West Coast. the highlight of which was a visit to the Hoo- Attendees at this years convention in Seattle contributed the highly successful dues billing program. Communications Hoo Memorial Redwood Grove. near Eureka.
    [Show full text]
  • State Society and Governance in Melanesia Discussion Paper 2008/8
    Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies State, Society and Governance in Melanesia State Society and in Governance Melanesia DISCUSSION PAPER Discussion Paper 2009/5 PARALLEL STATES, PARALLEL ECONOMIES: LEGITIMACY AND PROSPERITY IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA This discussion paper presents two a major gold mining project since 1995. Elite NICK BAINTON related discussions on different aspects Lihirian leaders were inspired by Personal & JOHN COX of contemporary Melanesian economic Viability philosophies as they renegotiated engagement. We consider the case of the community compensation and benefits U-Vistract, a mass pyramid scheme which package with the mining company throughout not only promises limitless wealth to its 2000-2007 and as they tried to develop investors but even envisages a new global strategies to achieve greater self-reliance economic system, blessed by God and and financial independence to address the centred in Bougainville under the leadership so-called resource dependency syndrome. of a self-proclaimed king. This is followed by a discussion on a contrasting movement While apparently obscure and even called “Personal Viability” which is based deceptive or ridiculous, these movements upon self-help philosophies that aim to have offered alternative accounts of states cultivate an entrepreneurial persona. and the global economy, and the place of Melanesian states and communities within In the first section John Cox addresses them, which are sufficiently convincing to the recent wave of “fast money schemes”, draw thousands of followers. In Bougainville, discussing institutional and ideological they can involve direct challenges to the links between these scams and Christian legitimacy and authority of the state, and in churches, particularly Pentecostal prosperity Lihir they have been crucial to the generation gospel teachings.
    [Show full text]
  • A-Ac837e.Pdf
    The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The word “countries” appearing in the text refers to countries, territories and areas without distinction. The designations “developed” and “developing” countries are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The opinions expressed in the articles by contributing authors are not necessarily those of FAO. The EC-FAO Partnership Programme on Information and Analysis for Sustainable Forest Management: Linking National and International Efforts in South Asia and Southeast Asia is designed to enhance country capacities to collect and analyze relevant data, to disseminate up-to- date information on forestry and to make this information more readily available for strategic decision-making. Thirteen countries in South and Southeast Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Lao P.D.R., Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Viet Nam) participate in the Programme. Operating under the guidance of the Asia-Pacific Forestry Commission (APFC) Working Group on Statistics and Information, the initiative is implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in close partnership with experts from participating countries. It draws on experience gained from similar EC-FAO efforts in Africa, and the Caribbean and Latin America and is funded by the European Commission.
    [Show full text]
  • Wood Industries Classifieds
    Wood Industries Classifieds Cost of Classified Ads: $70 per column inch if paid in advance, Please note: The Northern Logger neither endorses nor makes $75 per column inch if billed thereafter. Repeating ads are any representation or guarantee as to the quality of goods or $65 per column inch if paid in advance, $70 per column inch if the accuracy of claims made by the advertisers appearing in billed thereafter. Firm deadline for ads is the 15th of the month this magazine. Prospective buyers are urged to take normal preceding publication. To place an ad call (315) 369-3078; FAX precautions when conducting business with firms advertising (315) 369-3736. goods and services herein. THE NORTHERN LOGGER | JULY 2018 35 FOR SALE 2004 John Deere 640GIII Cable Skidder. Remanufactured engine, very good condition, new chains all around, new rear tires, owner/ operator $54,000. 603-481-1377 SHAVINGS MILL 30” Salsco Shavings Mill with blower. CAT diesel motor with only 2950 hrs. 8’ x 30” box. Trailer mounted. Excellent condition. Inventory of pine pulp included. $29,000 or best offer 603-876-4624 2006 425EXL Timbco Feller Buncher, 8000 hours, purchased new, well maintained. KLEIS EQUIPMENT LLC 2002 Komatsu 228 (PC228USLC-3) 2008 TimberPro TN725B with Rolly II, Many Excavator, 400HP JD power pack, with New Parts .........................................$175,000 Shinn stump grinder with bucktooth 2015 CAT 525D Dual Arch Grapple, Winch, wheel, 16000 hours, purchased new, Double Diamonds All Around ............$119,000 2005 Deere 748GIII Dual Arch Grapple Skidder, well maintained. More photos at www. New Deere Complete Engine ............. $65,000 edwardslandclearingandtreeservice.com 2013 Deere 648H, DD, Dual Arch, Winch, 24.5 Rubber, 5000 Hours .........................$135,000 Edwards Landclearing 2003 Deere 648GIII Single Arch, 28L Rubber, 216-244-4413 or 216-244-4450 Winch ................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Outdoor-Industry Jobs a Ground Level Look at Opportunities in the Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Outdoor Recreation Sectors
    Outdoor-Industry Jobs A Ground Level Look at Opportunities in the Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Outdoor Recreation Sectors Written by: Dave Wallace, Research Director, Workforce Training and Education Coordinating Board Chris Dula, Research Investigator, Workforce Training and Education Coordinating Board Randy Smith, IT and Research Specialist, Workforce Training and Education Coordinating Board Alan Hardcastle, Senior Research Manager, WSU Energy Program, Washington State University James Richard McCall, Research Assistant, Social and Economic Sciences Research Center (SESRC), Washington State University Thom Allen, Project Manager, Social and Economic Sciences Research Center (SESRC), Washington State University Executive Summary Washington’s Workforce Training and Education Coordinating Board (Workforce Board) was tasked by the Legislature to conduct a comprehensive study1 centered on outdoor and field-based employment2 in Washington, which includes a wide range of jobs in the environment, agriculture, natural resources, and outdoor recreation sectors. Certainly, outdoor jobs abound in Washington, with our state’s Understating often has inspiring mountains and beaches, fertile and productive farmland, the effect of undervaluing abundant natural resources, and highly valued natural environment. these jobs and skills, But the existing data does not provide a full picture of the demand for which can mean missed these jobs, nor the skills required to fill them. opportunities for Washington’s workers Digging deeper into existing data and surveying employers in these and employers. sectors could help pinpoint opportunities for Washington’s young people to enter these sectors and find fulfilling careers. This study was intended to assess current—and projected—employment levels across these sectors with a particular focus on science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) oriented occupations that require “mid-level” education and skills.
    [Show full text]
  • Spruce and Pine on Drained Peatlands Wood Quality
    HELSINGIN YLIOPISTON METSÄVAROJEN KÄYTÖN LAITOKSEN JULKAISUJA 35 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI DEPARTMENT OF FOREST RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PUBLICATIONS 35 SPRUCE AND PINE ON DRAINED PEATLANDS WOOD QUALITY AND SUITABILITY FOR THE SAWMILL INDUSTRY Juha Rikala To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Helsinki, for public critisism in the Auditorium B2, Latokartanonkaari 9 A, Helsinki, on 21 November 2003, at 12 o´clock noon. Helsinki 2003 Opponent: Professor Torbjörn Elowson Department of Forest Products and Markets Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Reviewers: Professor Matti Kärkkäinen Sepetlahdentie 7 A 21 FIN-02230 Espoo, Finland Professor Mats Nylinder Department of Forest Products and Markets Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Supervisor: Professor Marketta Sipi Department of Forest Resource Management FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Revision of English: Carol Pelli Language Center FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Cover: Upper left: Mature spruces on Herb-rich type, Jaakkoinsuo, Municipality of Vilppula Upper right: Mature pines on Vaccinium vitis-idaea type, Ruotsinkylä, Municipality of Tuusula Lower left: A felled spruce stem cut into logs. Sample discs were taken for wood property studies. Lower right: Sawn pieces on conveyor, Pori College of Forestry, Municipality of Kullaa (Photos: Juha Rikala) ISBN 951-45-9091-0 (paperback) ISBN 951-45-9092-9 (pdf) ISSN 1236-1313 Helsinki 2003 Yliopistopaino Rikala, J. 2003. Spruce and pine on drained peatlands ʊ wood quality and suitability for the sawmill industry. University of Helsinki, Department of Forest Resource Management, Publications 35. 147 p. ABSTRACT Drained peatlands are a characteristic specific to Finnish forestry.
    [Show full text]
  • 'The Bougainville Conflict: a Classic Outcome of the Resource-Curse
    The Bougainville conflict: A classic outcome of the resource-curse effect? Michael Cornish INTRODUCTION Mismanagement of the relationship between the operation of the Panguna Mine and the local people was a fundamental cause of the conflict in Bougainville. It directly created great hostility between the people of Bougainville and the Government of Papua New Guinea. Although there were pre-existing ethnic and economic divisions between Bougainville and the rest of Papua New Guinea, the mismanagement of the copper wealth of the Panguna Mine both exacerbated these existing tensions and provided radical Bougainvilleans an excuse to legitimise the pursuit of violence as a means to resolve their grievances. The island descended into anarchy, and from 1988 to 1997, democracy and the rule of law all but disappeared. Society fragmented and economic development reversed as the pillage and wanton destruction that accompanied the conflict took its toll. Now, more than 10 years since the formal Peace Agreement1 and over 4 years since the institution of the Autonomous Bougainville Government, there are positive signs that both democracy and development are repairing and gaining momentum. However, the untapped riches of the Panguna Mine remain an ominous issue that will continue to overshadow the region’s future. How this issue is handled will be crucial to the future of democracy and development in Bougainville. 1 Government of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea and Leaders representing the people of Bougainville, Bougainville Peace Agreement , 29 August 2001 BACKGROUND Bougainville is the name of the largest island within the Solomon Islands chain in eastern Papua New Guinea, the second largest being Buka Island to its north.
    [Show full text]
  • An Initial Estimate of Avian Ark Kinds
    Answers Research Journal 6 (2013):409–466. www.answersingenesis.org/arj/v6/avian-ark-kinds.pdf An Initial Estimate of Avian Ark Kinds Jean K. Lightner, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, Virginia, 24515. Abstract Creationists recognize that animals were created according to their kinds, but there has been no comprehensive list of what those kinds are. As part of the Answers in Genesis Ark Encounter project, research was initiated in an attempt to more clearly identify and enumerate vertebrate kinds that were SUHVHQWRQWKH$UN,QWKLVSDSHUXVLQJPHWKRGVSUHYLRXVO\GHVFULEHGSXWDWLYHELUGNLQGVDUHLGHQWLÀHG 'XHWRWKHOLPLWHGLQIRUPDWLRQDYDLODEOHDQGWKHIDFWWKDWDYLDQWD[RQRPLFFODVVLÀFDWLRQVVKLIWWKLVVKRXOG be considered only a rough estimate. Keywords: Ark, kinds, created kinds, baraminology, birds Introduction As in mammals and amphibians, the state of avian $VSDUWRIWKH$UN(QFRXQWHUSURMHFW$QVZHUVLQ WD[RQRP\LVLQÁX['HVSLWHWKHLGHDORIQHDWO\QHVWHG Genesis initiated and funded research in an attempt hierarchies in taxonomy, it seems groups of birds to more clearly identify and enumerate the vertebrate are repeatedly “changing nests.” This is partially NLQGVWKDWZHUHSUHVHQWRQWKH$UN,QDQLQLWLDOSDSHU because where an animal is placed depends on which WKH FRQFHSW RI ELEOLFDO NLQGV ZDV GLVFXVVHG DQG D characteristics one chooses to consider. While many strategy to identify them was outlined (Lightner et al. had thought that molecular data would resolve these 6RPHRIWKHNH\SRLQWVDUHQRWHGEHORZ issues, in some cases it has exacerbated them. For this There is tremendous variety seen today in animal HVWLPDWHRIWKHDYLDQ$UNNLQGVWKHWD[RQRPLFVFKHPH OLIHDVFUHDWXUHVKDYHPXOWLSOLHGDQGÀOOHGWKHHDUWK presented online by the International Ornithologists’ since the Flood (Genesis 8:17). In order to identify 8QLRQ ,28 ZDVXVHG *LOODQG'RQVNHUD which modern species are related, being descendants 2012b and 2013). This list includes information on RI D VLQJOH NLQG LQWHUVSHFLÀF K\EULG GDWD LV XWLOL]HG extant and some recently extinct species.
    [Show full text]
  • Birding Melanesia 2015 Report by Adam Walleyn
    Melanesia Discover and Secrets of Melanesia: Birding Melanesia 2015 Report By Adam Walleyn Cardinal Lory pair. Copyright Adrian Hayward The 2015 Melanesian Birding trip was another great success. The year will probably long be remembered for one of the worst droughts ever and while the dry and windy conditions made birding more difficult than usual, we persevered and ended up with an incredible tally of endemics, many of them amongst the most poorly known birds in the world! This incredible itinerary takes in part of the north coast of Papua New Guinea and all of the main islands of the Bismarcks, Solomons and Vanuatu, along with many of the smaller ones. This region is one of the world’s most avian endemic-rich hotspots and is largely inaccessible and unvisited by birders. Amongst 267 species, highlights this year included Superb Pitta sitting right in the open, an unexpected Manus Fantail, one of the first observations of Mussau Triller, a stunning Solomons Nightjar, and incredible diversity of fruit doves (12 species), imperial pigeons (12 species), myzomelas (11 species) and of course white-eyes (10 species). The trip started off with a nice dinner in Madang and then our first of many early mornings to bird a patch of forest not far from town. Bird activity was great this morning and there were a number of fruiting trees which allowed good views of two species of birds of paradise - Lesser Bird of Paradise and Glossy-mantled Manucode. Other nice birds in the fruiting trees included Orange-bellied and Pink-spotted Fruit Dove, Zoe’s Imperial Pigeon, Orange-breasted Fig Parrot, and numerous Golden Myna.
    [Show full text]