Pengaruh Rezim Ekonomi Politik Terhadap Keamanan Ekonomi Pasca Perang Sipil Di Nepal

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Pengaruh Rezim Ekonomi Politik Terhadap Keamanan Ekonomi Pasca Perang Sipil Di Nepal https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v16i1.3398.51-67 Pengaruh Rezim Ekonomi Politik Terhadap Keamanan Ekonomi Pasca Perang Sipil di Nepal Hidayat Chusnul Chotimah1 1Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta, [email protected] atau [email protected] ABSTRAK Perang sipil atau yang disebut sebagai People’s War selama sepuluh tahun di Nepal (1996-2006) telah mengakibatkan human insecurity khususnya terkait ancaman keamanan ekonomi dan keamanan individu (person) bagi masyarakat di Nepal. Keberadaan rezim ekonomi politik yang dibawa pasca berakhirnya perang sipil di Nepal telah menimbulkan adanya kekerasan struktural yang dialami oleh masyarakat seperti perampasan hak politik, ekonomi maupun sosial. Tulisan ini akan menjelaskan bagaimana pengaruh sindikat rezim politik dan ekonomi yang dibawa setelah perang sipil di Nepal terhadap keamanan manusia khususnya pada aspek keamanan ekonomi dan bagaimana upaya pemerintah untuk mengatasi hal tersebut. Kajian dalam tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif melalui studi pustaka yang dikumpulkan dari artikel jurnal maupun laporan penelitian terdahulu. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan rezim ekonomi politik di Nepal telah membawa Nepal sebagai salah satu negara termiskin di dunia dalam dimensi kemiskinan moneter dan non- moneter. Dari segi kemiskinan moneter, ada perbedaan pendapatan yang lebar yang dirasakan oleh penduduk di Nepal. Sedangkan dari segi kemiskinan non-moneter dapat dilihat dari kondisi kerawanan pangan yang membawa implikasi terhadap memburuknya kondisi kesehatan dan gizi akibat dari akses yang buruk terhadap pelayanan dasar dan perlindungan sosial. Kata Kunci: Rezim ekonomi politik, Perang Sipil, Keamanan Manusia, Keamanan Ekonomi, Nepal ABSTRACT The ten years People’s war or civil war in Nepal during 1996-2006, has resulted in human insecurity particularly the threat of economic security and personal security. The existence of political and economic regime brought after the end of civil war in Nepal has led to structural violence for communities such as the deprivation of political, economic and social rights. This paper will explain how the influence of political and economic regime syndicate brought after Nepal's civil war to human security, particularly on economic security dimensions and how the efforts of government to overcome it. The study uses qualitative research method through literature study that collected from journal articles and previous research reports. The results show that the existence of political and economic regime in Nepal has brought Nepal as one of the world's poorest countries in the dimensions of monetary and non-monetary poverty. In terms of monetary poverty, there are wide income differences experienced by the population in Nepal. While in terms of non-monetary poverty can be seen from the condition of food insecurity which has implications for deteriorating health and nutrition conditions due to poor access to basic services and social protection. Keywords: Political economic regimes, People’s war, Human Security, Economic Security, Nepal 51 52 Hidayat Chusnul Chotimah | Pengaruh Rezim Ekonomi Politik Terhadap Keamanan Ekonomi Pasca Perang Sipil di Nepal Pendahuluan negara yang melindungi kelompok etnis 3 Nepal merupakan salah satu negara tertentu dan kasta tinggi di Nepal. dengan tingkat keberagaman yang tinggi di Perpaduan antara unsur politik dan mana ada 103 kasta dan etnis kelompok serta ekonomi inilah yang menjadi dasar permulaan 92 bahasa.1 Ketika Nepal memutuskan untuk atas kekecewaan sipil dan konflik bersenjata menganut sistem demokrasi multipartai dari yang telah menelan korban jiwa dan sumber tahun 1990-an yang disertai dengan penerapan daya selama satu dekade di Nepal.4 Langkah ekonomi liberal, sistem ini ternyata dianggap reformasi yang lambat dan dangkal pada paruh tidak bisa mengatasi eksklusi dan kerentanan pertama tahun 1990-an menjadi alasan bagi sosial yang ada. Hal ini menimbulkan Maois (Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist/ ketidaksetaraan dalam distribusi sumber daya CPN-M) yaitu salah satu partai komunis di produktif termasuk tanah, modal dan teknologi Nepal yang ideologinya lebih condong pada (yang diukur dengan tingkat kemiskinan atau ajaran Mao Tse Tung dan dipengaruhi oleh koefisien Gini dari pendapatan atau aset Revolusi Kebudayaan dari China5 untuk sumber daya produktif). Proses pembangunan memulai Perang Sipil atau “People’s War“ di Nepal sendiri telah mengabaikan sektor pada tahun 1996.6 Pada saat melancarkan pertanian. Sementara itu, kemiskinan di perang sipil, anggota Maois yang duduk di pedesaan diperburuk oleh tingginya tingkat Parlemen Nepal hanya ada 4 dari 205 kursi. kepemilikan tanah akibat upaya untuk Maois melancarkan perang tersebut karena melakukan reformasi tanah di tahun 1950-an Perdana Menteri Nepal saat itu (Sher Bahadur dan 1960-an yang telah gagal. 2 Deuba) menolak 40 poin tuntutan yang Selain itu, patronase elit negara di mensyaratkan restrukturisasi negara termasuk Nepal terbentuk berdasarkan permasalahan penyusunan konstitusi baru melalui pemilihan 7 kepemilikan tanah oleh penguasa atau disebut majelis konstituante di Nepal. sebagai “state landlordism” dengan People’s war atau perang sipil yang memberikan imbalan terhadap pegawai negeri, dikembangkan oleh Mao merupakan bentuk bangsawan dan pendeta atas kesetiaan politik perang yang tidak biasa (unusual war) di mana serta layanan kepada negara. Sistem ini perang ini mengintegrasikan antara kemudian menciptakan kelas elit tanah sebagai masyarakat, politik, partai komunis, dan urusan kasta tinggi dan kelas petani sebagai kasta militer. Menurut Mao, perang bukan bawah. Pola elit anggota kasta tinggi masyarakat menunjukkan keengganan untuk 3 Andrew Nelson, Betrayed by the Neoliberal State, bekerja, tetap puas dengan tidak melakukan Neglected by the “Jangali” Company: The apa pun selain mengumpulkan uang sewa dan Anxiety of Autonomy in an Elite Housing Colony in Kathmandu, Nepal, City & Society, Vol. 29, dipuji secara sosial, bahkan mereka mendapat Issue 1. 2017 perlindungan dari paternalisme ekonomi 4 Yuba Raj Khatiwada, Loc. Cit. 5 Arjun Karki dan David Seddon, Chapter 1 People in Historical Context. Dalam Karki, Arjun dan Seddon, David (ed.), The People’s War in Nepal Left Perspectives (pp. 3-48). Delhi: Adroit Publishers. 2003 1 Yuba Raj Khatiwada, Cooperatives, economic 6 Richard A. Mathew dan Bishnu Raj Upreti, democracy and human security: Perspectives from Environmental change and human security in Nepal. Paper presented at 1st National Cooperative Nepal, Dalam Matthew, Richard A. dkk. (Eds.), Congress Kathmandu, Nepal. March 27. 2014. Global environmental change and human Retrieved from security. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. https://www.nrb.org.np/ofg/events_ofg/Governor's_ 2010 Speeches-- 7 Basnett, Yurendra. From Politicization of Governor's_Presentation_Paper_at_1st_National_C Grievances to Political Violence: An Analysis of ooperative_Congress_a.pdf the Maoist Movement in Nepal, Working Paper 2 Ibid. Series, March. 2009 53 Hidayat Chusnul Chotimah | Pengaruh Rezim Ekonomi Politik Terhadap Keamanan Ekonomi Pasca Perang Sipil di Nepal merupakan kejahatan moral melainkan sebuah Koirala (Nepali Congress), Madhav Kumar tindakan politik yang dilakukan untuk Nepal (CPN-UML), Sher Bahadur Deuba menghancurkan status quo yang sudah (Nepali Congress-Democratic), Amik mengakar dan untuk memajukan masyarakat Sherchan (People’s Front), Bharat Bimal serta merupakan bentuk perang pembebasan Yadav (NSP), Narayan Man Bijukchhe dari negara semi-kolonial.8 Dengan demikian, (NWPP) dan C.P. Mainali (United Left Front). perang sipil di sini merupakan model perang Sementara dari Maois diwakili oleh Prachanda yang berpusat pada kelas pekerja sebagai (CPN-M).10 Kesepakatan antara SPA dan kekuatan utama dan kaum tani sebagai Maois ini menjadi basis untuk melaksanakan pendukung utama revolusi. Sementara pusat ‘People Movement’ karena Raja Nepal masih gravitasinya berada di pedesaan yang ingin mempertahankan kekuasaannya dengan mengelilingi kota-kota, dan revolusi dilakukan mencari dukungan baik secara internasional melalui Perang Rakyat yang berkepanjangan maupun dari masyarakat Nepal. Gerakan (Protacted People’s War). damai bersama masyarakat yang telah Perang sipil yang dilancarkan Maois di direncanakan tersebut akhirnya memaksa raja Nepal berpusat pada enam distrik yaitu melepaskan kekuasaan eksekutif dan Rukum, Rolpa, Jajarkot, Salyan dan Gorkha di mengembalikannya pada rakyat melalui daerah midwestern dan western Nepal serta di parlemen. Gerakan damai ini berlangsung Sindhuli bagian centre-east Nepal. Empat selama sembilan belas hari hingga tanggal 24 distrik pertama merupakan basis area inti dan April 2006, yang selanjutnya menandai masa dukungan bagi Maois. Serangan Maois mulai transisi sejarah Nepal dengan peresmian dilancarkan yaitu pada hari pertama saat milisi Perjanjian Perdamaian Komprehensif rakyat dan pasukan komando CPN (Maoist) (Comprehensive Peace Agreement/ CPA) pada berhasil menduduki kantor polisi, termasuk pos 16 November 2006. polisi Athbiskot di Distrik Rukum dan pos Perjanjian perdamaian yang telah polisi Holeri di Distrik Rolpa. Pada hari yang disepakati untuk mengakhiri perang sipil sama, di Distrik Gorkha mereka berhasil selama satu dekade sebelumnya dilakukan menduduki Small Farmers' Development dalam upaya transformasi ekonomi dan sosial. Project office dan menyita dokumen Namun, pemerintah masih belum mampu kepemilikan tanah yang disimpan sebagai mencapainya.
Recommended publications
  • 651 12 - 18 April 2013 20 Pages Rs 50 NOW WITH
    #651 12 - 18 April 2013 20 pages Rs 50 NOW WITH KUNDA DIXIT The Seventies he percentage of index report for Nepal. corruption, political disarray, desperately poor people On Sunday, the Nepali and instability. Imagine how Tin Nepal has declined calendar starts a new decade much farther ahead we would from 65 per cent five years ago of the Seventies. In 10 years be by 2080 if only we had You can’t eat to nearly 40 per cent today. time, this Grade 4 student in a peace dividend, a more At this rate, the poverty rate Dadeldhura (pictured) will be 22 inclusive constitution, elections, elections in the country will fall by half and of voting age. and better accountability. by DAMBAR K SHRESTHA in 10 years. Poverty could be Nepal has made the page 15 eradicated in 20 years says the most dramatic progress in First the good news Oxford Poverty and Human development among the world’s Development Initiative in its low income countries. This by KUNDA DIXIT Too good to be ture new multidimensional poverty has happened despite war, page 16-17 Editorial, page 2 2 EDITORIAL 12 - 18 APRIL 2013 #651 TOO GOOD TO BE TRUE ating and defecation. Activities They need ideas and affordable solutions. so vital to our everyday lives, The taking of lives Last week we carried a story from Dadeldhura in far- Ebut which we take for granted. makes news, not western Nepal where mothers have seen the benefit of We don’t think about them much, so improved smokeless stoves that have become so popular, we turn over the pages with coverage Far-western metal workshops can’t manufacture the chulos fast region saving them of charpis or chulos.
    [Show full text]
  • 2Nd Cooperative Congress
    “Cooperative to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals” Cooperative Congress bbff]>>ff] ;;xsf/Lxsf/L ddxf;Ddxf;Dd]n]ngg 4-5 April, 2018 -@)&$ r}q @!–@@_, Kathmandu CONTENT Acknowledgement 1 Part I : Introductory Statement 2 Part II : Opening Ceremony 7 Part III : Working Sessions 11 Part III 1 : Working Paper on: "Vision 2022: Cooperative Movement of 12 Nepal" – Mr. Gopi Nath Mainali Part III 2 : Working Paper on: "Role of Local, Provincial and Federal 22 Government for the Promotion of Cooperatives Sector" – Dr. Khimlal Devkota Part III 3 : Working Paper on: "Participation of Cooperatives for the 31 Implementation of SDGs" – Prof. Dr. Puspa Raj Kandel Part III 4 : Working Paper on: "Financial Cooperative: Challenges and 49 Prospects in Nepal" – Dr. Bimal Koirala Part III 5 : Working Paper on: "Building Partnership among Public, Private 55 and Cooperatives with reference to the three pillars Economy" – Mr. Ram Sharan Kharel Part III 6 : Working Paper on: "Youth and Gender Involvement in 60 Cooperatives" – Ms. Om Devi Malla Part III 7 : Working Paper on: "C to C Business Model: Challenges and 67 Potentialities" – Mr. Balu Iyer Part III 8 : Working Paper on: "Good Governance: Key Aspects of 76 Cooperative Sustainability" – Mr. Sudarshan Prasad Dhakal Part III 9 : Panel Discussion on: "Strategic Engagement of Development 84 Partners of Achieving SDGs" Part III 10 : Working Paper on: "Successful Case Study in Cooperatives (Role of 87 Cooperatives in Poverty Alleviation)" – Khem Bahadur Pathak Part III 11 : Working Paper on: "Technology Advancement for Cooperative 92 Sector – Mr. Asheem Sharma" Part III 12 : Working Paper on: "Science of Stress-Free Performance" 94 – Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Security in Nepal: Concepts, Issues and Challenges
    Human Security in Nepal: Concepts, Issues and Challenges 1 Human Security in Nepal: Concepts, Issues and Challenges Edited by Bishnu Raj Upreti Rajan Bhattarai Geja Sharma Wagle Published by Nepal Institute for Policy Studies and South Asia Regional Coordination Office of NCCR (North-South) Kathmandu 2013 Citation: Upreti BR, Bhattarai R, Wagle GS, editors. 2013. Human Security in Nepal: Concepts, Issues and Challenges. Kathmandu: Nepal Institute for Policy Studies (NIPS) and South Asia Regional Coordination Office of NCCR (North-South). Copyright © 2013 by NIPS and NCCR North-South, Kathmandu, Nepal. All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-9937-2-5257-7 Subsidised price: NRs. 400/- Layout & cover design: Jyoti Khatiwada Printed by: Heidel Press Pvt. Ltd. Dillibazar, Kathmandu Cover Concept: Safal Ghimire Disclaimer: The content and materials presented in this book are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of the institution with which the authors are affiliated. Dedication To the millions of people who are suffering from human insecurity. Acknowledgements The issue of security is a little-debated matter in our academic domain. When it comes to dealing human security, we often confront questions like: What constitutes human security? Why has it become so pertinent for a country like Nepal? How can human security be made tenable? These and many other questions on human security came to our mind before we decided to publish this book. This is our small attempt to address some of those questions and generate debate and discussion on the increasingly changing security dynamics of Nepal. This book is the collective outcome of the efforts of several people.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the 49Th Seacen Governors' Conference and High-Level Seminar
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE 49TH SEACEN GOVERNORS’ CONFERENCE AND HIGH-LEVEL SEMINAR PROCEEDINGS OF THE 49TH SEACEN GOVERNORS’ CONFERENCE AND HIGH-LEVEL SEMINAR 21-23 November 2013 Kathmandu, Nepal © 2014 The SEACEN Centre Published by The South East Asian Central Banks (SEACEN) Research and Training Centre Level 5, Sasana Kijang Bank Negara Malaysia No. 2, Jalan Dato’ Onn 50480 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Tel. No.: (603) 9195 1888 Fax No.: (603) 9195 1802 / 1803 Website: http://www.seacen.org PROCEEDINGS OF THE 49TH SEACEN GOVERNORS’ CONFERENCE AND HIGH-LEVEL SEMINAR ISBN: 978-983-9478-29-7 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any system, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright holder. Printed in Malaysia by Graphic Stationers Sdn. Bhd. Foreword As the role of the financial sector in the attainment of inclusive growth is important, it is imperative to devise a comprehensive strategy to steer financial sector development in this direction. In this regard, the theme of the 49th SEACEN Governors’ Conference/High-Level Seminar on “Financial Sector Development Strategy for Inclusive Growth” was timely and valuable for moving forward to a new financial architecture as well as on reassessing the role of the financial system in supporting sustainable and broad-based growth. In addition to this theme, the topic of “Regional and International Financial Issues” was also discussed during the Governors’ Conference. The discussion was useful towards developing capacity and enhancing resilience of the domestic economies at the time of global shocks.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Group Assistance to Low-Income Fragile and Conflict-Affected States
    World Bank Group Assistance to Low-Income Fragile and Conflict-Affected States An Independent Evaluation Appendixes Contents Abbreviations Appendixes APPENDIX A. EVALUATION METHODOLOGY .................................................................................... 1 APPENDIX B. CAMEROON ................................................................................................................... 5 APPENDIX C. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO ....................................................................... 17 APPENDIX D. NEPAL ........................................................................................................................... 29 APPENDIX E. SIERRA LEONE ............................................................................................................ 41 APPENDIX F. SOLOMON ISLANDS .................................................................................................... 53 APPENDIX G. REPUBLIC OF YEMEN ................................................................................................. 65 APPENDIX H. PERCEPTION SURVEY OF WORLD BANK GROUP STAFF AND STAKEHOLDERS77 APPENDIX I. FRAGILE AND CONFLICT-AFFECTED STATES STATUS AND THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS ...................................................................................................................... 87 APPENDIX J. ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT POLICY LOANS AND COUNTRY POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT RATINGS ............................................... 97 APPENDIX K. WORLD BANK
    [Show full text]
  • Inequality—Measurement, Trends, Impacts, and Policies
    DRAFT This paper is a draft submission to Inequality—Measurement, trends, impacts, and policies 5–6 September 2014 Helsinki, Finland This is a draft version of a conference paper submitted for presentation at UNU-WIDER’s conference, held in Helsinki on 5–6 September 2014. This is not a formal publication of UNU-WIDER and may refl ect work-in-progress. THIS DRAFT IS NOT TO BE CITED, QUOTED OR ATTRIBUTED WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM AUTHOR(S). Inclusive Growth Experiences – the case of Nepal Discussion on the Paradox from a conventional and a holistic perspective Nephil Matangi Maskay, PhD* and Shiva Raj Adhikari, PhD** JEL classification: O15, Key words: Inclusive Growth, Nepal Abstract (words: 99) The experience of Nepal seems paradoxical, experiencing a costly domestic insurgency situation simultaneously with a sharply decreasing trend in poverty headcount rate: from 41.8% in 1996, to 25.16%in 2011.. This result is attributed to outflow of domestic labor, and sharp growth of remittances. However remittance-receiving households use this largely on consumption activity; that is “short” term IG. However, analyzing from a broader system perspective suggests that there are both intended (positive/negative externalities) and unforeseen consequences. This changes the analysis and suggests the need for a thorough understanding of the interaction for providing an accurate diagnosis of the IG process. * Director, Nepal Rastra Bank, Office of the Governor ** Associate Professor, Tribhuvan University, Patan Multiple Campus. Nepal E-mail: [email protected] Remarks: The view expressed are of a personal nature and do not represent the views of the Nepal Rastra Bank, the SEACEN Centre, Tribhuvan University or any other authors’ affiliated institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Bhutan and Nepal Human Capital Forum Investing in People
    Bhutan and Nepal Human Capital Forum Investing in People Public Disclosure Authorized 5-6 June, 2019 Kathmandu Venue: Hotel Radisson Welcome Remarks: Mr. Faris H. Hadad-Zervos, World Bank Group Country Manager, Nepal Public Disclosure Authorized Honorable Minister of Finance of Nepal Dr. Yuba Raj Khatiwada, His Excellency Secretary of Finance of Bhutan Dasho Nim Dorji. Their excellencies Ministers, secretaries, joint secretaries and ambassadors, colleagues, partners, friends. Good morning and welcome to the Bhutan-Nepal Human Capital Forum. This forum brings together in Kathmandu today policy makers from Nepal and Bhutan, as well as academics, international experts, civil society and development partners to chart out opportunities, constraints and hopefully a roadmap not only for a sustainable model for development, but one Public Disclosure Authorized that puts people back in the center of it. After all, our world today is very different. First the pace of technological is so vastly accelerated that we no longer talk of rates of change, but the neck breaking acceleration in those rates of change themselves. Indeed, evidence shows youth 7 years from now will need to manipulate technology that we cannot conceive of today. Similarly, the world today is also one that is a global race for investment, where funds can largely how to countries that offers safe ecosystems of policies, infrastructure and a talented workforce for these investors that thrive. Thirdly people’s own aspirations are converging towards a justifiable high norm. The advent of social and other media have shown youth in most distant corners of the world what their fellow woman and man more fortunate than they can hope to achieve because of greater Public Disclosure Authorized opportunities facing them.
    [Show full text]
  • Nepal: Readings in Human Development
    Nepal: Readings in Human Development Four Essential Pillars of Human Development Nepal: ReadingsinHumanDevelopment Equity Equity is a powerful concept that lies at the heart of the human development paradigm. Equity should be understood as equity in life opportunities, not necessarily in results. If development is to enlarge choices, the people must enjoy equitable access to social, economic and political opportunities. Ensuring equity in access to opportunities demands a fundamental restructuring of power. Sustainability Central to the concept of sustainability is the notion of distributional equity – of sharing development opportunities between present and future generations and ensuring intragenerational and intergenerational equity in access to opportunities. It is the sustainability of all forms of capital – physical, human, financial and environmental– that must lie at the centre of human development concerns. What must be sustained are worthwhile life opportunities, not human deprivation. Productivity Productivity is another essential component of the human development paradigm. In contrast to human capital based development models which treat people only as a means of development, productivity is just one part of the human development paradigm - with equal importance given to the other components of human development. Economic growth is therefore a subset of the human development model - an essential part but not the entire structure. Empowerment Human development paradigm envisages full empowerment of the people on all fronts - social, economic and political- meaning that people are in a position to exercise their choice of their own free will. In contrast to the basic needs model, which is generally limited to economic choice, the human development paradigm embrace all critical choices – social, cultural, economic and political.
    [Show full text]
  • Government of Nepal, Ministry of Finance IECCD Newsletter International Economic Cooperation Coordination Division (IECCD)
    Government of Nepal, Ministry of Finance IECCD Newsletter International Economic Cooperation Coordination Division (IECCD) AUG - NOV 2019 2076 BHADRA - MANGSIR VOLUME 7, ISSUE 3 AMIS offi cially launched Amid a Meeting with Local Development Partners Newly developed Aid Management Information system (AMIS) software has been launched offi cially by Hon. Finance Minister Dr. Yuba Raj Khatiwada amid a meeting with local development partners at the ministry on 5 September 2019. Head and representatives of local development partners including HE Ambassadors of various countries were present on the occasion. Addressing the program, Hon. Finance Minister the dignitaries and participants and highlighted features Dr. Khatiwada highlighted on current economic situation of of newly launched software. Dr. Narayan Dhakal, Under Nepal; the reforms undertaken during last two years and Secretary conducted this event and also presented brief termed the AMIS as one of the reforms in area of aid rationale for switching from AMP to AMIS. data transparency as well as effective aid management. Minister Dr. Khatiwada also opined about the gradual AMIS is a web-based online data repository of the implementation of fi scal federalism through legal provision Government of Nepal that allows users to enter aid data by promulgating new laws and amendment in the existing and generate customized report. It has become live from laws. Joint Secretary Mr. Shreekrishna Nepal welcomed today replacing previous Aid Management Contd P8 Message from the Chief Editor 2 Joint World Bank – IMF Nepal Japan Policy Dilogue Conducted 3 annual Meeting Joint Financing Agreement between GoN & DPs 3 USAID Assistant Administrator of the Bureau of 5 Asia Pays courtesy call to the Minister World Bank supports employment and education 5 programs Loan Agreement Signed with Saudi Fund for 6 Hon’ble Finance Minister Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin03-04-Front.Pdf
    ESCAP WORKS TOWARDS REDUCING POVERTY AND MANAGING GLOBALIZATION ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC BBULLETIN ON AASIASIA--PPAACIFICCIFIC PERSPECTIVES 2OO3/O4 ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIES: MAINTAINING DYNAMISM UNITED NATIONS NEW YORK, 2OO3 ST/ESCAP/2271 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. E.03.II.F.52 Copyright © United Nations 2003 All rights reserved Manufactured in Thailand ISBN: 92-1-120194-2 ISSN: 1020-945X The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations. Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. ii FOREWORD This issue of the Bulletin on Asia-Pacific Perspectives provides an assessment of the most recent developments in the global economy and their impact and implica- tions for various economies or groups of economies within the ESCAP region. A more detailed review is undertaken in the annual Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific, published in April. The assessment benefited greatly from the collective wisdom of eminent persons from 14 member countries of ESCAP. The mid-term review comes in the wake of several adverse developments in 2003, including the war in Iraq, the outbreak of SARS and geopolitical tensions in North-East and West Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Statement by the Hon. YUBA RAJ KHATIWADA, Governor of the Bank for NEPAL
    Governor's Statement No. 10 October 12, 2018 Statement by the Hon. YUBA RAJ KHATIWADA, Governor of the Bank for NEPAL Statement by the Hon. Yuba Raj Khatiwada, Governor of the Bank for Nepal Mr. Chairman, Mr. Jim Yong Kim, President, World Bank Group Ms. Christine Lagarde, Managing Director, IMF Fellow Governors and Alternative Governors, Distinguished Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen! It is a great honor and privilege for me and my Nepali delegation to participate in this 2018 Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors of the World Bank Group and International Monetary Fund in this beautiful and cultural city of Bali. I take this opportunity to appreciate the World Bank and IMF management team for the excellent arrangements made for this meeting. I express my sincere thanks for the logistic arrangements made and hospitality extended to us by the government and people of host country Indonesia. At the outset, let me note that the world economy has become more resilient and stable, overcoming the trend of recurring financial crises which occurred in every 10 years since 1987. After a decade of latest Great Financial Crisis, global economic outlook seems inclining towards normalcy at pre-crisis level. Both the developed as well as emerging market economies are getting stronger despite some external vulnerabilities in the emerging economies. I firmly believe that this global forum’s policy initiatives and robust actions would lead towards the successful normalization of global economy and sustaining the growth path as we move along. We have observed that more than one billion people have been lifted out of extreme poverty during the last two decades and a half, due mainly to the fast-growing economies of East and South Asia contributing to this outcome.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Nepal’S Foreign Affairs (2019-2020)
    Report on Nepal’s Foreign Affairs (2019-2020) Government of Nepal Ministry of Foreign Affairs Go to content page Go to content page Report on Nepal’s Foreign Affairs (2019-2020) Government of Nepal Ministry of Foreign Affairs Previous page Next page Go to content page Go to content page Editorial Team Nirmal Raj Kafle, Joint Secretary Kumar Raj Kharel, Joint Secretary Ram Prasad Subedi, Joint Secretary Ananda Prasad Sharma, Under Secretary Bishnu Prasad Gautam, Under Secretary Lok Bahadur Poudel Chhetri, Under Secretary Kiran Shakya, Under Secretary Published by Ministry of Foreign Affairs Government of Nepal Singh Durbar, Kathmandu August 2020 Design & Layout Bikram Shrestha, Information Technology Officer (The map placed on the cover page may not be in scale.) Copyright: Ministry of Foreign Affairs Photo courtesy: Government of Nepal, except otherwise mentioned This publication is also available at the Ministry’s website: www.mofa.gov.np. Previous page Next page Report on Nepal’s Foreign Affairs (2019-2020) |3 Go to content page Go to content page Pradeep Kumar Gyawali Minister for Foreign Affairs Message Nepal’s foreign policy is characterised by both continuity and change. As guided by the Constitution, the time-honoured principles of Pachasheel, non-alignment, the UN Charter, international law and norms of world peace make the fundamental basis of Nepal’s foreign policy. In pursuit of national interest, policies have to adapt to the changing political or economic contexts as well as the unforeseen exigencies relating to public health, ecology or technology. The second half of the period under review in this Annual Report saw a similar shift, with the outbreak of COVID-19 impacting on the country’s priorities and resources.
    [Show full text]