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GLACIERS and GLACIATION in GLACIER NATIONAL PARK by J Mines Ii
Glaciers and Glacial ion in Glacier National Park Price 25 Cents PUBLISHED BY THE GLACIER NATURAL HISTORY ASSOCIATION IN COOPERATION WITH THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Cover Surveying Sperry Glacier — - Arthur Johnson of U. S. G. S. N. P. S. Photo by J. W. Corson REPRINTED 1962 7.5 M PRINTED IN U. S. A. THE O'NEIL PRINTERS ^i/TsffKpc, KALISPELL, MONTANA GLACIERS AND GLACIATTON In GLACIER NATIONAL PARK By James L. Dyson MT. OBERLIN CIRQUE AND BIRD WOMAN FALLS SPECIAL BULLETIN NO. 2 GLACIER NATURAL HISTORY ASSOCIATION. INC. GLACIERS AND GLACIATION IN GLACIER NATIONAL PARK By J Mines Ii. Dyson Head, Department of Geology and Geography Lafayette College Member, Research Committee on Glaciers American Geophysical Union* The glaciers of Glacier National Park are only a few of many thousands which occur in mountain ranges scattered throughout the world. Glaciers occur in all latitudes and on every continent except Australia. They are present along the Equator on high volcanic peaks of Africa and in the rugged Andes of South America. Even in New Guinea, which many think of as a steaming, tropical jungle island, a few small glaciers occur on the highest mountains. Almost everyone who has made a trip to a high mountain range has heard the term, "snowline," and many persons have used the word with out knowing its real meaning. The true snowline, or "regional snowline" as the geologists call it, is the level above which more snow falls in winter than can he melted or evaporated during the summer. On mountains which rise above the snowline glaciers usually occur. -
Glaciers and Glaciation in Glacier National Park
Glaciers and Glaciation in Glacier National Park ICE CAVE IN THE NOW NON-EXISTENT BOULDER GLACIER PHOTO 1932) Special Bulletin No. 2 GLACIER NATURAL HISTORY ASSOCIATION Price ^fc Cents GLACIERS AND GLACIATION In GLACIER NATIONAL PARK By James L. Dyson MT. OBERLIN CIRQUE AND BIRD WOMAN FALLS SPECIAL BULLETIN NO. 2 GLACIER NATURAL HISTORY ASSOCIATION. INC. In cooperation with NATIONAL PARK SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR PRINTED IN U. S. A. BY GLACIER NATURAL HISTORY ASSOCIATION 1948 Revised 1952 THE O'NEIL PRINTERS- KAUSPELL *rs»JLLAU' GLACIERS AND GLACIATION IN GLACIER NATIONAL PARK By James L. Dyson Head, Department of Geology and Geography Lafayette College Member, Research Committee on Glaciers American Geophysical Union* The glaciers of Glacier National Park are only a few of many thousands which occur in mountain ranges scattered throughout the world. Glaciers occur in all latitudes and on every continent except Australia. They are present along the Equator on high volcanic peaks of Africa and in the rugged Andes of South America. Even in New Guinea, which manj- veterans of World War II know as a steaming, tropical jungle island, a few small glaciers occur on the highest mountains. Almost everyone who has made a trip to a high mountain range has heard the term, "snowline,"' and many persons have used the word with out knowing its real meaning. The true snowline, or "regional snowline"' as the geologists call it, is the level above which more snow falls in winter than can be melted or evaporated during the summer. On mountains which rise above the snowline glaciers usually occur. -
Glacier National Park, 1917
~ ________________ ~'i DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR / FRANKLIN K. LANE. SECRETARY NATIONAL PARK SERVI'CE,/ STEPHEN T. MATHER. DIRECTOR GENERAL ~FO ~N GL CIER NAL ONAL PARK Season of 191 7 The Alps of America-Wonderful Tumbled Region Possessing 60 Glaciers. 250 Lakes, and M y Stately Peaks-Precipices 4,000 Feet Deep-Valleys of Astonish ing Rugged B auty-Scenery Equaling Any in the World- Large, Excellent Hotels and Comfortable Chalet Camps-Good Roads- The Gunsight Trail Across the Top of the Range-Good Trout Fishing-How to Get There-What to See-What to Wear lor MOUiltain Climbing WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1917 TI-IE NATIO .... PARKS AT A GLANCE ( Chron010gIca,l.ly In the order of theIr creatIon [Number,14; Total Area, 7,290 Square Miles] NATIONAL AREA PARKS In DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS In order of LOCATION square creation miles H ot Springs •..... Middle H 46 hot springs possessing curative properties-Many hotels and 1832 Arkansa.s boording houses-20 bathhouses under public control. CONTENTS. Yellowstone . ••••. North- 3,348 More geysers than in al1 rest of world together-Boiling 1872 western springs-Mud volcanoes-Petrified forests-Grand Canyon Page. Wyoming of the YelIowstone, remarkable for gorgeous coloring-Large General description_ .. _. _. ........ ..... .... ... ... ...... ........ .. 5 lakes-Many large streams and waterfalls-Vast wilderness A romance in rocks . • _. __ . _. _.. .......................... _. ....... 5 inhabited by deer, elk, bison, moose, antelope, bear, moun- The Lewis overthrust .. __. .... _............................... ...... 6 tain sheep, beaver, etc., constituting greatest wild bird and A general view _ . _____ .. ..... ................................. 6 animal preserve in world-Altitude 6,000 to 11,000 feet- The west side .... -
Glacier National Park, 1916
~------------------------------4~ Ir-----------------~ DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE. Secrelary 1 THE GLACIER NATIONAL 'PARK Season of 1916 GENERAL INFORMATION The Alps of America-Wonderful Tumbled Region Possessing 60 Glaciers. 250 Lakes. and Many Stately Peaks-Precipices 4.000 Feet Deep - Valleys of Astonishing Rugged Beauty - Scenery Equaling Any in the World- Large. Excellent Hotels and Com fortable Chalet Camps - Good Roads - The Gunsight Trail Across the Top of the Range - Good Trout Fishing - How to Get There-What to See- What to Wear for Mountain Climbing . WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1916 ) TI-IE NATIO .... PARKS AT A GLANCE ( Chron010gIca,l.ly In the order of theIr creatIon [Number,14; Total Area, 7,290 Square Miles] NATIONAL AREA PARKS In DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS In order of LOCATION square creation miles H ot Springs •..... Middle H 46 hot springs possessing curative properties-Many hotels and 1832 Arkansa.s boording houses-20 bathhouses under public control. CONTENTS. Yellowstone . ••••. North- 3,348 More geysers than in al1 rest of world together-Boiling 1872 western springs-Mud volcanoes-Petrified forests-Grand Canyon Page. Wyoming of the YelIowstone, remarkable for gorgeous coloring-Large General description_ .. _. _. ........ ..... .... ... ... ...... ........ .. 5 lakes-Many large streams and waterfalls-Vast wilderness A romance in rocks . • _. __ . _. _.. .......................... _. ....... 5 inhabited by deer, elk, bison, moose, antelope, bear, moun- The Lewis overthrust .. __. .... _............................... ...... 6 tain sheep, beaver, etc., constituting greatest wild bird and A general view _ . _____ .. ..... ................................. 6 animal preserve in world-Altitude 6,000 to 11,000 feet- The west side ..... _. __ .................. ... .......... .......... 7 Exceptional trout fishing. -
Glacier National Park Tourist Trails (Inside Trail, South
NFS Fbnn 10-900 'Oitntf* 024-0019 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service I * II b 1995 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM iNTERAGENCY RBOr- „ NATIONAL i3AR: 1. Name of Property fe NAllUNAL HhblbiLH d»vu,su historic name: Glacier National Park Tourist Trails: Inside Trail; South Circle; North Circle other name/site number Glacier National Park Circle Trails 2. Location street & number N/A not for publication: n/a vicinity: Glacier National Park (GLAC) city/town: N/A state: Montana code: MT county: Flathead; Glacier code: 29; 35 zip code: 59938 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1988, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination _ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property X meets _ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant _ nationally X statewide _ locally. ( See continuation sheet for additional comments.) ) 9. STgnatuTBof 'certifying official/Title National Park Service State or Federal agency or bureau In my opinion, thejiuipKty. does not meet the National Register criteria. gj-^ 1B> 2 9 1995. Signature of commenting or other o Date Montana State Preservation Office State or Federal agency and bureau 4. National Park Service -
August Newsletter
1 Climb. Hike. Ski. Bike. Paddle. Dedicated to the Enjoyment and Promotion of Responsible Outdoor Adventure. Club Contacts ABOUT THE CLUB: Website: http://rockymountaineers.com Mission Statement: e-mail: [email protected] The Rocky Mountaineers is a non-profit Mailing Address: club dedicated to the enjoyment and The Rocky Mountaineers promotion of responsible outdoor PO Box 4262 Missoula MT 59806 adventures. President: Joshua Phillips Meetings and Presentations: [email protected] Meetings are held the second Wednesday, Vice-President: David Wright September through May, at 6:00 PM at [email protected] Pipestone Mountaineering. Each meeting Secretary: Julie Kahl is followed by a featured presentation or [email protected] speaker at 7:00 PM. Treasurer: Steve Niday [email protected] Activities: Hiking Webmaster: Alden Wright Backpacking [email protected] Alpine Climbing & Scrambling Peak Bagging Newsletter Editor: Forest Dean Backcountry Skiing [email protected] Winter Mountaineering Track Skiing The Mountain Ear is the club newsletter of The Rocky Snowshoeing Mountaineers and is published near the beginning of Snowboarding every month. Anyone wishing to contribute articles of Mountain Biking interest are welcomed and encouraged to do so- contact the editor. Rock Climbing Canoeing & Kayaking Membership application can be found at the end of the Rafting newsletter. Kids Trips Terracaching/Geocaching 2 President’s Message Well folks, I’m happy to announce that the officers voted to make the Grizzly Man Adventure Race an official Rocky Mountaineers event! We are currently in the process of securing Lubrecht Experimental Forest for our April 19th, 2009 venue. The tentative course involves trail running, cross country travel, mountain biking and boating! As this is now a Rocky Mountaineers event, I would like to see anyone (and everyone) in membership get involved. -
Glacier National Park
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR BULLETIN 600 THE GLACIER NATIONAL PARK A POPULAR GUIDE TO ITS GEOLOGY AND SCENERY BY iVIARIUS R. CAMPBELL WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1914 CONTENTS. Page. Introduction.............................................................. 5 General physical features of the park....................................... 6. Origin of the topographic forms ........'............................*........ 9 Conditions when the rocks were laid down............'.................. 9 Rocks uplifted and faulted............................................. 10 The uplifted mass carved by water...................................... 13 The uplifted mass modified by glacial ice............................... 14 The surface features....................................................... 15 Two Medicine Valley................................................... 16 Cut Bank Valley....................................................... 18 Red Eagle Valley...................................................... 20 St. Mary Valley....................................................... 22 Boulder Valley....................................................... 26 Swiftcurrent Valley................................................... 27 Kennedy Valley...................................................... 32 Belly River valley.................................................... 33 Little Kootenai Valley................................................ 36 McDonald Valley...................................................... -
Temporal Trends in the Receding Glaciers in Glacier National Park
Temporal Trends in the receding glaciers in Glacier National Park, Montana, 1904 to 2020 Emily Keenan, Department of Geography, SUNY Geneseo Introduction Results Glacier National Park (GNP) is located within the The area of the glaciers in GNP decreased significantly Rocky Mountains in western Montana, which is in over time from 1904 to 2020. In 1904, the average of the western United States. It is connected to the glacial areas of the glaciers was 1.41 square km Waterton Lakes National Park, located across the (0.54 square mi); the glacier with the smallest area was Canadian border. It is made up of 1583 square mi Pumpelly Glacier (0.09 square km (0.03 square mi)) and (4101 square km) (Glacier National Park, n.d.). It the glacier with the largest area was Blackfoot Glacier was made a National State Park in 1910, as seen in (2.97 square km (or 1.15 square mi)). In 2020, the Figure 1 (National Park Foundation, n.d.). GNP was average of the glacial area for the active glaciers was comprised of approximately 80 glaciers following 1.41 square km (or 0.54 square mi); the glacier with the the Little Ice Age. During this time, the glaciers hit smallest area was Miche Wabun Glacier (0.44 square Figure 1 shows a glacier in GNP km (0.17 square mi)) and the glacier with the largest their peak and were the largest size they have ever Source: Overview of Glacier National Park's Glaciers, n.d. been (as seen in Figure 2). Over the years, these area was Blackfoot Glacier (7.08 square km (2.7 square glaciers have significantly decreased in size and mi)). -
Glacier National Park Montana
1'1 .-----------------------------~-----------------------, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K . LANE. SECRETARY NAT ION AL PARK SERVICE STEPHEN T . MATHER, DIRECTOR I EARLY HISTORY OF GLACIER NATIONAL PARK MONTANA By MADISON GRANT Founder and Chairman of the Executive Committee of the New York Zoological Society. Author 01 "The Paning 01 the Great Race", "The Caribou", "The Rocky Mountain Goat'" "The Origin and Relationship 01 the Large Mammals of North America", etc. WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1919 ( ( THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE. [Number, 18, total area 10,739 square miles.j EARLY HISTORY OF GLACIER NATIONAL PARK. Area in National parks in Location. square Distinctive cbaracteristics. order of creation. miles. Although the Glacier National Park is only 9 years old, the his Hot Springs ........ Middle Arkansas .... .. 1 ~ 46 hot springs possessing curative properties tory of it . dedica tion as a F ederalresen e is already beginning to fade 1832 Many hotels and boardinf. houses-20 bath· ' ~ into a tradition. houses under pu blic contro . As a member of the governing body of the Boone and Crockett yellowstone ........ Nortbwestern Wyrr 3,348 More geysers than in all rest of world t ogetber- 1872 mingo Boiling springs- Mud volcanoes- Petrified for Club the writer has for years been familial' with the long-continued ests-Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, rEr efforts to bring about the establishment of the park, and these notes markable for gorgeous coloring- Large lakes Many large streams and waterfnlls-V ast wil ha\'e been prepared in ol'der to gather in definite, authentic, and per . derness, greatest wild bird and allimal preserve in world-Exceptional trout fishing. -
GLACIER NATIONAL PARK 1920 Season from June IS to September 15
DEPARTMENT OF 1HE INTERIOR JOHN BARTON PAYNE. SECRETARY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE STEPHEN T . MATHER. DIRECTOR RULES AND REGULATIONS GLACIER NATIONAL PARK 1920 Season from June IS to September 15 ST •. MARY LAKE, GOI NG-TO-THE-S UN CHALETS IN THE FOREGROUND. TOURI NG A PARK TRAIL WASHINGTON Photograph by Fred H. Kiser. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFlCE MANY GLACIER AUTOMOBILE ROAD. 1920 Skirts the eastern end of the park and ends at Many Glacier Hotel. THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE. [='lumber, In; total area, 10, ;;9 quare mi'es.) Area in National par];s in I Locaticn. sq uare Dhtinctive chara.cteristics. order of creation . mi!cs. IIot Spr in ~s ____ . __ _ Midd:e Arkansas ... I·} 46 hot sprinq;s pos3ess in ~ curatiye properties 1 32 Many hotels and boarding houses-20 . bath houses under public control. y ellowstone. _ . .. Northwestern ,- yo- 3,318 More ~eysers than in all rest of world together 1872 mingo Boilmg springs- Mud volcanocs-P etri.fi cd for ests-Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, re markable for gor eous coloring-Large lakes Many largo streams and waterfalls-Vast wil derness, greatest wild bird and anima l pre serve in world- Exceptional trout fi shing. Sequoia ............. Mid'!:e eastern Cali- 252 T he Big Tree National Park-12, 000 sequoia t rees 1 9D fornia. ov er 10 fect in diameter, some 25 to 36 feet in diam eter~Tow er ing m ountain ranges-Star tling precipices-Cave of considerable sizo. y osemite . ..... Middle eastern Cali- 1,1 25 Valley of world-famed beauty- Lofty cliffs-Ro 1890 fornit> . -
Geologic Resources Inventory Map Document for Glacier National Park
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Glacier National Park Ancillary Map Information Document Produced to accompany the Geologic Resources Inventory Digital Geologic Data for Glacier National Park glac_geology.pdf Version: 4/24/2020 I Glacier National Park Geologic Resources Inventory Map Document for Glacier National Park Table of Contents Geologic Reso..u..r.c...e..s.. .I.n..v..e..n..t.o..r..y.. .M...a..p.. .D...o..c..u..m...e..n...t............................................................................ 1 About the NPS.. .G...e..o..l.o..g..i.c.. .R...e..s..o..u..r..c..e..s.. .I.n..v..e..n..t..o..r.y.. .P...r.o..g..r..a..m............................................................... 3 GRI Digital Ma.p..s.. .a..n..d... .S..o..u...r.c..e.. .M...a..p.. .C...i.t.a..t.i.o...n..s.................................................................................. 5 Index Map .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Digital Geolog.i.c..-.G...I.S... .M...a..p.. .o..f. .G...l.a..c..i.e..r.. .N..a..t.i.o...n..a..l. .P..a..r..k....................................................................... 7 Map Units Li.s..t....................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Map Unit De.s..c.r..ip..t.i.o..n..s............................................................................................................................................................ 8 Qal - Alluvium (H..o..l.o..c..e..n..e.. .a..n..d.. .u..p..p..e..r. .P..l.e..i.s..t.o..c..e..n..e..)............................................................................................................... 8 Qc - Colluvium (.H..o..l.o..c..e..n..e.. .a..n..d.. .u..p..p..e..r. .P...le..i.s..t.o..c..e..n..e..)............................................................................................................. -
A Romance in Rocks Wildflowers, Wilderness
Glacier National Park is a ruggedly beautiful wilderness TO ENJOY THE PARK SAFETY PRECAUTIONS How to Reach Glacier famous for its glaciers, lakes, wildflowers, and wild National Park glacier animals. It is a land of sharp, precipitous peaks and . Utilize Its Interpretive Hiking and climbing pre The park is on U.S. 2 and The mountain goat—not a true cautions. Accidents in the knife-edged ridges girdled with evergreen forests and goat but an antelope related to Programs 89 and near U.S. 91 and 93. luxuriant wildflower meadows. Alpine glaciers lie in the the European chamois—is a Guided walks, campfire mountains, even minor ones, shadow of towering walls at the heads of ice-carved marvelously sure-footed programs, and other activ may have serious or fatal Airline service is available valleys. Streams flow northeast to Hudson Bay, south inhabitant of the crags ities begin in mid-June and consequences. Severe to Great Falls, Montana, 230 above tree line, where it east to the Gulf of Mexico, and westward to the Pacific. feeds on a variety extend through August; storms come quickly, even kilometers (143 miles) south of vegetation. some weekend activities in summer, with attendant east of the park and Visitors come to this park on the border of Canada to are usually conducted in The white-tailed ptarmi exposure to low tempera Kalispell, Montana, 32 kilo enjoy scenery, wildlife, and solitude. A vast network of late May and in September gan, here seen in full tures, rain, snow, sleet, and meters (20 miles) west. foot and horse trails invites hikers and riders to ven and October.