Introduction to Neogastropoda

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

611 Phuhet Marine Biological center special Publication 21(3): 611-612 (2000) INTRODUCTION TO NEOGASTROPODA Alan J. Kohn (Jniuersity of Washington, USA (TMMP) 672 Tlopical Marine Mollusc Programme INTRODUCTION TO As predators, neogastropods have a very NEOGASTROPODA good chemical sense - they generally detect a prey organism at a distance by chemical The Order Neogastropoda is very large, with signals emanating from it. The organ re- about 5,000 species. Almost all members of sponsible for distance chemoreception is the this order are marine, benthic, and carnivo- osphradium, a prominent, bipectinate struc- rous. A very few species have invaded fresh ture in the mantle cavity, Iocated on the in- water and are herbivorous, and the group ner surface of the mantle at the base of the includes some scavengers and parasites. siphon. The osphradium is richly ciliated Anatomically, neogastropods are much more and innervated, and it is arranged so that similar to mesogastropods than the latter water currents directed from the siphon pass are to archaeogastropods (Vetigastropoda + over it before reaching the ctenidium. In Patellogastropoda). The arrangement of archaeogastropods and most mesogastro- mantle cavity, ctenidium, nervous system, pods the osphradium is less weII developed, coelomic derivatives, gut, etc. are essentially usually an elongate ridge with a central similar, especially to the "higher" mesogas- groove parallel to the ctenidium. After de- tropods, e.g. the Ranellidae. The main dif- tection and recognition, many neogastropods ference is in the radula, which in the Neo- attack and capture prey using chemical and gastropoda is not taenioglossate (i.e. with 7 mechanical devices. These include acid sali- teeth/row). The neogastropod radula varies vary secretions, venoms, and the capability according to superfamily: of drilling through shells. Superfamily MURICOIDEA: Classification of the major neogastropod Radula with 3 teeth./row (stenoglossate) families (based on Ponder and War6n. 1988) Superfamily CANCELLARIOIDEA: Radula a row ofvery elongate central teeth Superfamily MURICOIDEA Muricidae Superfamily CONOIDEA. Buccinidae (including the formerly Radula with 2-5 teeth./row, marginal teeth separate families Buccinidae, Nassariidae enlarged (toxoglossate) and Fasciolariidae, according to Ponder and War6n, 19BB) Neogastropods are often the most conspicu- ColumbeIIidae ous gastropods in marine habitats, but the Volutidae group is more "conservative," that is it is Olividae more homogeneous and less diverse in its Harpidae habits and habitats, than the mesogastro- Marginellidae pods. Neogastropods are characterized by an Mitridae inhalent siphon in the front; it is actually Costellariidae an extension of the left side of the mantle. The siphon permits many neogastropods to Superfamily CANCELLARIOIDEA burrow in sand to a depth that completely Cancellariidae covers the she1l, but many species also oc- cupy hard substrates. In many, especially Superfamily CONOIDEA irr the Muricoidea and familyTurridae of the Turridae Conoidea, a long shell siphon protects the Terebridae inhalent mantle siphon. Conidae.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Clam Dissection Guideline
Clam Dissection Guideline BACKGROUND: Clams are bivalves, meaning that they have shells consisting of two halves, or valves. The valves are joined at the top, and the adductor muscles on each side hold the shell closed. If the adductor muscles are relaxed, the shell is pulled open by ligaments located on each side of the umbo. The clam's foot is used to dig down into the sand, and a pair of long incurrent and excurrent siphons that extrude from the clam's mantle out the side of the shell reach up to the water above (only the exit points for the siphons are shown). Clams are filter feeders. Water and food particles are drawn in through one siphon to the gills where tiny, hair-like cilia move the water, and the food is caught in mucus on the gills. From there, the food-mucus mixture is transported along a groove to the palps (mouth flaps) which push it into the clam's mouth. The second siphon carries away the water. The gills also draw oxygen from the water flow. The mantle, a thin membrane surrounding the body of the clam, secretes the shell. The oldest part of the clam shell is the umbo, and it is from the hinge area that the clam extends as it grows. I. Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to identify the internal and external structures of a mollusk by dissecting a clam. II. Materials: 2 pairs of safety goggles 1 paper towel 2 pairs of gloves 1 pair of scissors 1 preserved clam 2 pairs of forceps 1 dissecting tray 2 probes III.
[Show full text]
Aquatic Critters Aquatic Critters (Pictures Not to Scale) (Pictures Not to Scale)
Aquatic Critters Aquatic Critters (pictures not to scale) (pictures not to scale) dragonfly naiad↑ ↑ mayfly adult dragonfly adult↓ whirligig beetle larva (fairly common look ↑ water scavenger for beetle larvae) ↑ predaceous diving beetle mayfly naiad No apparent gills ↑ whirligig beetle adult beetle - short, clubbed antenna - 3 “tails” (breathes thru butt) - looks like it has 4 - thread-like antennae - surface head first - abdominal gills Lower jaw to grab prey eyes! (see above) longer than the head - swim by moving hind - surface for air with legs alternately tip of abdomen first water penny -row bklback legs (fbll(type of beetle larva together found under rocks damselfly naiad ↑ in streams - 3 leaf’-like posterior gills - lower jaw to grab prey damselfly adult↓ ←larva ↑adult backswimmer (& head) ↑ giant water bug↑ (toe dobsonfly - swims on back biter) female glues eggs water boatman↑(&head) - pointy, longer beak to back of male - swims on front -predator - rounded, smaller beak stonefly ↑naiad & adult ↑ -herbivore - 2 “tails” - thoracic gills ↑mosquito larva (wiggler) water - find in streams strider ↑mosquito pupa mosquito adult caddisfly adult ↑ & ↑midge larva (males with feather antennae) larva (bloodworm) ↑ hydra ↓ 4 small crustaceans ↓ crane fly ←larva phantom midge larva ↑ adult→ - translucent with silvery bflbuoyancy floats ↑ daphnia ↑ ostracod ↑ scud (amphipod) (water flea) ↑ copepod (seed shrimp) References: Aquatic Entomology by W. Patrick McCafferty ↑ rotifer prepared by Gwen Heistand for ACR Education midge adult ↑ Guide to Microlife by Kenneth G. Rainis and Bruce J. Russel 28 How do Aquatic Critters Get Their Air? Creeks are a lotic (flowing) systems as opposed to lentic (standing, i.e, pond) system. Look for … BREATHING IN AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT 1.
[Show full text]
Animal Phylum Poster Porifera
Phylum PORIFERA CNIDARIA PLATYHELMINTHES ANNELIDA MOLLUSCA ECHINODERMATA ARTHROPODA CHORDATA Hexactinellida -- glass (siliceous) Anthozoa -- corals and sea Turbellaria -- free-living or symbiotic Polychaetes -- segmented Gastopods -- snails and slugs Asteroidea -- starfish Trilobitomorpha -- tribolites (extinct) Urochordata -- tunicates Groups sponges anemones flatworms (Dugusia) bristleworms Bivalves -- clams, scallops, mussels Echinoidea -- sea urchins, sand Chelicerata Cephalochordata -- lancelets (organisms studied in detail in Demospongia -- spongin or Hydrazoa -- hydras, some corals Trematoda -- flukes (parasitic) Oligochaetes -- earthworms (Lumbricus) Cephalopods -- squid, octopus, dollars Arachnida -- spiders, scorpions Mixini -- hagfish siliceous sponges Xiphosura -- horseshoe crabs Bio1AL are underlined) Cubozoa -- box jellyfish, sea wasps Cestoda -- tapeworms (parasitic) Hirudinea -- leeches nautilus Holothuroidea -- sea cucumbers Petromyzontida -- lamprey Mandibulata Calcarea -- calcareous sponges Scyphozoa -- jellyfish, sea nettles Monogenea -- parasitic flatworms Polyplacophora -- chitons Ophiuroidea -- brittle stars Chondrichtyes -- sharks, skates Crustacea -- crustaceans (shrimp, crayfish Scleropongiae -- coralline or Crinoidea -- sea lily, feather stars Actinipterygia -- ray-finned fish tropical reef sponges Hexapoda -- insects (cockroach, fruit fly) Sarcopterygia -- lobed-finned fish Myriapoda Amphibia (frog, newt) Chilopoda -- centipedes Diplopoda -- millipedes Reptilia (snake, turtle) Aves (chicken, hummingbird) Mammalia
[Show full text]
Flip Your Lid for Squid!
FLIP YOUR LID FOR SQUID! Adapted from http://njseagrant.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/squid_dissection.pdf PURPOSE Students learn the basics of squid anatomy and physiology by conducting a squid dissection. MATERIALS • frozen whole squid—not “clean” and not cut (get whole squid in frozen section of the grocery store) • hand lenses • dissection pan (plate) • scissors • tweezers • probe or toothpick • paper towels PROCEDURE Dissection of External Anatomy • Have students observe their squids for a few moments looking at the relationship between head and the rest of the body. Then ask students why they think squid are in the family of cephalopods (head-foots). • Tentacles and Arms: Have students count the number of arms. They may use the toothpicks to spread out the squid arms. Ask if all the arms look the same? There should be eight short arms and 2 long arms. Explain that the long thin arms with suckers only at the ends are called tentacles. The tentacles large ends with suckers are known as clubs. The tentacles are used to strike out and capture prey. The eight arms are used to hold onto prey when captured and bring food into its mouth. • Suction Cups: Student may use the magnifying lenses to get a closer look at the suction cups on each arm and tentacles. The suction cups have a small-toothed ring around each one and they are on short stalks. The suction cups are like suckers that help the arms hold onto the prey when it is captured and tries to escape. • Beak and Buccal Mass: Located within the circle of arms students can locate the squids mouth which is a beak.
[Show full text]
Missouri's Freshwater Mussels
Missouri mussel invaders Two exotic freshwater mussels, the Asian clam (Corbicula and can reproduce at a much faster rate than native mussels. MISSOURI’S fluminea) and the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), have Zebra mussels attach to any solid surface, including industrial found their way to Missouri. The Asian clam was introduced pipes, native mussels and snails and other zebra mussels. They into the western U.S. from Asia in the 1930s and quickly spread form dense clumps that suffocate and kill native mussels by eastward. Since 1968 it has spread rapidly throughout Missouri restricting feeding, breathing and other life functions. Freshwater and is most abundant in streams south of the Missouri River. In You can help stop the spread of these mussels by not moving the mid-1980s, zebra mussels hitched a ride in the ballast waters bait or boat well water from one stream to another; dump and of freighter ships traveling from Asia to the Great Lakes. They drain on the ground before leaving. Check all surfaces of your have rapidly moved into the Mississippi River basin and boat and trailer for zebra mussels and destroy them, along with westward to Oklahoma. vegetation caught on the boat or trailer. Wash with hot (104˚F) Asian clam and zebra mussel larvae have an advantage here water at a carwash and allow all surfaces to dry in the sun for at because they don’t require a fish host to reach a juvenile stage least five days before boating again. MusselsMusselsSue Bruenderman, Janet Sternburg and Chris Barnhart Zebra mussels attached to a native mussel JIM RATHERT ZEBRA CHRIS BARNHART ASIAN CLAM MUSSEL Shells are very common statewide in rivers, ponds and reservoirs A female can produce more than a million larvae at one time, and are often found on banks and gravel bars.
[Show full text]
Deep-Water Buccinidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) from Sunken Wood, Vents and Seeps: Molecular Phylogeny and Taxonomy Yu.I
Deep-water Buccinidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) from sunken wood, vents and seeps: molecular phylogeny and taxonomy Yu.I. Kantor, N. Puillandre, K. Fraussen, A.E. Fedosov, P. Bouchet To cite this version: Yu.I. Kantor, N. Puillandre, K. Fraussen, A.E. Fedosov, P. Bouchet. Deep-water Buccinidae (Gas- tropoda: Neogastropoda) from sunken wood, vents and seeps: molecular phylogeny and taxonomy. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2013, 93 (8), pp.2177-2195. 10.1017/S0025315413000672. hal-02458197 HAL Id: hal-02458197 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02458197 Submitted on 28 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Deep-water Buccinidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) from sunken wood, vents and seeps: Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy KANTOR YU.I.1, PUILLANDRE N.2, FRAUSSEN K.3, FEDOSOV A.E.1, BOUCHET P.2 1 A.N. Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski Prosp. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia, 2 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Departement Systematique et Evolution, UMR 7138, 43, Rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris, France, 3 Leuvensestraat 25, B–3200 Aarschot, Belgium ABSTRACT Buccinidae - like other canivorous and predatory molluscs - are generally considered to be occasional visitors or rare colonizers in deep-sea biogenic habitats.
[Show full text]
Structure and Function of the Digestive System in Molluscs
Cell and Tissue Research (2019) 377:475–503 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-019-03085-9 REVIEW Structure and function of the digestive system in molluscs Alexandre Lobo-da-Cunha1,2 Received: 21 February 2019 /Accepted: 26 July 2019 /Published online: 2 September 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract The phylum Mollusca is one of the largest and more diversified among metazoan phyla, comprising many thousand species living in ocean, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. Mollusc-feeding biology is highly diverse, including omnivorous grazers, herbivores, carnivorous scavengers and predators, and even some parasitic species. Consequently, their digestive system presents many adaptive variations. The digestive tract starting in the mouth consists of the buccal cavity, oesophagus, stomach and intestine ending in the anus. Several types of glands are associated, namely, oral and salivary glands, oesophageal glands, digestive gland and, in some cases, anal glands. The digestive gland is the largest and more important for digestion and nutrient absorption. The digestive system of each of the eight extant molluscan classes is reviewed, highlighting the most recent data available on histological, ultrastructural and functional aspects of tissues and cells involved in nutrient absorption, intracellular and extracellular digestion, with emphasis on glandular tissues. Keywords Digestive tract . Digestive gland . Salivary glands . Mollusca . Ultrastructure Introduction and visceral mass. The visceral mass is dorsally covered by the mantle tissues that frequently extend outwards to create a The phylum Mollusca is considered the second largest among flap around the body forming a space in between known as metazoans, surpassed only by the arthropods in a number of pallial or mantle cavity.
[Show full text]
Lab 5: Phylum Mollusca
Biology 18 Spring, 2008 Lab 5: Phylum Mollusca Objectives: Understand the taxonomic relationships and major features of mollusks Learn the external and internal anatomy of the clam and squid Understand the major advantages and limitations of the exoskeletons of mollusks in relation to the hydrostatic skeletons of worms and the endoskeletons of vertebrates, which you will examine later in the semester Textbook Reading: pp. 700-702, 1016, 1020 & 1021 (Figure 47.22), 943-944, 978-979, 1046 Introduction The phylum Mollusca consists of over 100,000 marine, freshwater, and terrestrial species. Most are familiar to you as food sources: oysters, clams, scallops, and yes, snails, squid and octopods. Some also serve as intermediate hosts for parasitic trematodes, and others (e.g., snails) can be major agricultural pests. Mollusks have many features in common with annelids and arthropods, such as bilateral symmetry, triploblasty, ventral nerve cords, and a coelom. Unlike annelids, mollusks (with one major exception) do not possess a closed circulatory system, but rather have an open circulatory system consisting of a heart and a few vessels that pump blood into coelomic cavities and sinuses (collectively termed the hemocoel). Other distinguishing features of mollusks are: z A large, muscular foot variously modified for locomotion, digging, attachment, and prey capture. z A mantle, a highly modified epidermis that covers and protects the soft body. In most species, the mantle also secretes a shell of calcium carbonate. z A visceral mass housing the internal organs. z A mantle cavity, the space between the mantle and viscera. Gills, when present, are suspended within this cavity.
[Show full text]
Kansas Freshwater Mussels ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
APOCKET GUIDE TO Kansas Freshwater Mussels ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ By Edwin J. Miller, Karen J. Couch and Jim Mason Funded by Westar Energy Green Team and the Chickadee Checkoff Published by the Friends of the Great Plains Nature Center Table of Contents Introduction • 2 Buttons and Pearls • 4 Freshwater Mussel Reproduction • 7 Reproduction of the Ouachita Kidneyshell • 8 Reproduction of the Plain Pocketbook • 10 Parts of a Mussel Shell • 12 Internal Anatomy of a Freshwater Mussel • 13 Subfamily Anodontinae • 14 ■ Elktoe • 15 ■ Flat Floater • 16 ■ Cylindrical Papershell • 17 ■ Rock Pocketbook • 18 ■ White Heelsplitter • 19 ■ Flutedshell • 20 ■ Floater • 21 ■ Creeper • 22 ■ Paper Pondshell • 23 Rock Pocketbook Subfamily Ambleminae • 24 Cover Photo: Western Fanshell ■ Threeridge • 25 ■ Purple Wartyback • 26 © Edwin Miller ■ Spike • 27 ■ Wabash Pigtoe • 28 ■ Washboard • 29 ■ Round Pigtoe • 30 ■ Rabbitsfoot • 31 ■ Monkeyface • 32 ■ Wartyback • 33 ■ Pimpleback • 34 ■ Mapleleaf • 35 Purple Wartyback ■ Pistolgrip • 36 ■ Pondhorn • 37 Subfamily Lampsilinae • 38 ■ Mucket • 39 ■ Western Fanshell • 40 ■ Butterfly • 41 ■ Plain Pocketbook • 42 ■ Neosho Mucket • 43 ■ Fatmucket • 44 ■ Yellow Sandshell • 45 ■ Fragile Papershell • 46 ■ Pondmussel • 47 ■ Threehorn Wartyback • 48 ■ Pink Heelsplitter • 49 ■ Pink Papershell • 50 Bleufer ■ Bleufer • 51 ■ Ouachita Kidneyshell • 52 ■ Lilliput • 53 ■ Fawnsfoot • 54 ■ Deertoe • 55 ■ Ellipse • 56 Extirpated Species ■ Spectaclecase • 57 ■ Slippershell • 58 ■ Snuffbox • 59 ■ Creek Heelsplitter • 60 ■ Black Sandshell • 61 ■ Hickorynut • 62 ■ Winged Mapleleaf • 63 ■ Pyramid Pigtoe • 64 Exotic Invasive Mussels ■ Asiatic Clam • 65 ■ Zebra Mussel • 66 Glossary • 67 References & Acknowledgements • 68 Pocket Guides • 69 1 Introduction Freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionacea) are a fascinating group of animals that reside in our streams and lakes. They are front- line indicators of environmental quality and have ecological ties with fish to complete their life cycle and colonize new habitats.
[Show full text]
128 Freiberg, 2012 Protoconch Characters of Late Cretaceous
Freiberger Forschungshefte, C 542 psf (20) 93 – 128 Freiberg, 2012 Protoconch characters of Late Cretaceous Latrogastropoda (Neogastropoda and Neomesogastropoda) as an aid in the reconstruction of the phylogeny of the Neogastropoda by Klaus Bandel, Hamburg & David T. Dockery III, Jackson with 5 plates BANDEL, K. & DOCKERY, D.T. III (2012): Protoconch characters of Late Cretaceous Latrogastropoda (Neogastropoda and Neomesogastropoda) as an aid in the reconstruction of the phylogeny of the Neogastropoda. Paläontologie, Stratigraphie, Fazies (20), Freiberger Forschungshefte, C 542: 93–128; Freiberg. Keywords: Latrogastropoda, Neogastropoda, Neomesogastropoda, Cretaceous. Addresses: Prof. Dr. Klaus Bandel, Universitat Hamburg, Geologisch Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Bundesstrasse 55, D-20146 Hamburg, email: [email protected]; David T. Dockery III, Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, Office of Geology, P.O. Box 20307, 39289-1307 Jackson, MS, 39289- 1307, U.S.A., email: [email protected]. Contents: Abstract Zusammenfassung 1 Introduction 2 Palaeontology 3 Discussion 3.1 Characters of protoconch morphology among Muricoidea 3.2 Characteristics of the protoconch of Buccinidae, Nassariidae, Columbellinidae and Mitridae 3.3 Characteristics of the protoconch morphology among Toxoglossa References Abstract Late Cretaceous Naticidae, Cypraeidae and Calyptraeidae can be recognized by the shape of their teleoconch, as well as by their characteristic protoconch morphology. The stem group from which the Latrogastropoda originated lived during or shortly before Aptian/Albian time (100–125 Ma). Several groups of Latrogastropoda that lived at the time of deposition of the Campanian to Maastrichtian (65–83 Ma) Ripley Formation have no recognized living counterparts. These Late Cretaceous species include the Sarganoidea, with the families Sarganidae, Weeksiidae and Moreidae, which have a rounded and low protoconch with a large embryonic whorl.
[Show full text]
Adaptive Radiation in Molluscs
Adaptive Radiation in Molluscs Class: Monoplacophora shell: forms a single dorsal conical shell head: reduced mantle: covers undersurface of shell gills: 5 or 6 pairs foot: broad flat ventral, for creeping radula: present larva: Classes: Caudofoveata & Solanogastres (formerly Cl. Aplacophora) shell: none, but with calcareous scales and spicules in mantle head: reduced mantle: encloses animal gills: absent, or present in cloaca foot: reduced to small ridge within ventral groove radula: present in some, for piercing larva: trochophore Class: Polyplacophora (Chitons) shell: modified into eight overlappingdorsal plates head: present mantle: greatly enlarged, modified into "girdle" around base of shells gills: present foot: broad flat ventral, for gliding movement radula: present larva: trochophore Class: Scaphapoda (Tusk Shells or Tooth Shells) shell: anteroposteriorly elongated into tapering tusk-like tube open at both ends head: reduced to short proboscis mantle: lines inside of shell, used for respiration instead of gills gills: none; oxygen diffuses across mantle foot: conical, elongated ventrally and used for burrowing radula: present larva: trochophore & veliger Class: Bivalvia (Clams) shell: two lateral, usually symmetrical, hinged valves head: absent mantle: lines inside of both shells; forms siphons for water flow gills: most with pair of large gills; also used for feeding and as marsupium foot: ventral, wedge-shaped, very muscular, used for burrowing radula: absent larva: marine forms with trochophore & veliger; fw - glochidia Class:
[Show full text]
Bivalve Biology - Glossary
Bivalve Biology - Glossary Compiled by: Dale Leavitt Roger Williams University Bristol, RI A Aberrant: (L ab = from; erro = wonder) deviating from the usual type of its group; abnormal; wandering; straying; different Accessory plate: An extra, small, horny plate over the hinge area or siphons. Adapical: Toward shell apex along axis or slightly oblique to it. Adductor: (L ad = to; ducere = to lead) A muscle that draws a structure towards the medial line. The major muscles (usually two in number) of the bivalves, which are used to close the shell. Adductor scar: A small, circular impression on the inside of the valve marking the attachment point of an adductor muscle. Annulated: Marked with rings. Annulation or Annular ring: A growth increment in a tubular shell marked by regular constrictions (e.g., caecum). Anterior: (L ante = before) situated in front, in lower animals relatively nearer the head; At or towards the front or head end of a shell. Anterior extremity or margin: Front or head end of animal or shell. In gastropod shells it is the front or head end of the animal, i.e. the opposite end of the apex of the shell; in bivalves the anterior margin is on the opposite side of the ligament, i.e. where the foot protrudes. Apex, Apexes or Apices: (L apex = the tip, summit) the tip of the spire of a gastropod and generally consists of the embryonic shell. First-formed tip of the shell. The beginning or summit of the shell. The beginning or summit or the gastropod spire. The top or earliest formed part of shell-tip of the protoconch in univalves-the umbos, beaks or prodissoconch in bivalves.
[Show full text]