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Recent Results from the T2K Experiment

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Recent Results from the T2K Experiment Recent results from the T2K experiment Kamil Porwit for the T2K Collaboration University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland XVIII International Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Venice, 19.03.2019 K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 1 / 38 Outline 1 Neutrino mixing 2 The T2K Experiment 3 Oscillation analysis method 4 T2K results 5 Future perspectives 6 Summary K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 2 / 38 Neutrino Mixing Neutrino Oscillations There are three types of neutrinos: νe, νµ, ντ , −6 ν’s are very light: ∼ 4 × 10 me, neutrino of definite flavour is a linear superposition of mass eigenstates: X ∗ |νl i = Uli |νi i i UPMNS = τ 3 −iδ 1 0 0 c13 0 s13e c12 s12 0 0 c s 0 1 0 −s c 0 23 23 12 12 iδ 0 −s23 c23 −s13e 0 c13 0 0 1 e 1 2 µ cij = cos(θij ), sij = sin(θij ) K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 3 / 38 Neutrino Mixing Oscillation probabilities Probability of flavour change: 2 ! ( ) ( ) ∆m L P(ν− → ν− ) = δ − 4 X Re(U∗ U U U∗ )sin2 ij α β αβ αi αj βi βi 4E i>j 2 ! (−) ∆m L +2 X Im(U∗ U U U∗ )sin2 ij αi αj βi βi 4E i>j δαβ- Kronecker delta, 2 2 2 ∆mij = mi − mj , i, j = 1, 2, 3, α, β = e, µ, τ L - baseline, E - ν energy P(να → νβ) 6= P(¯να → ν¯β) will violate CP invariance! K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 4 / 38 Neutrino Mixing Long baseline neutrino oscillations Disappearance of νµ/ν¯µ : (−) (−) 2 2 P(νµ → νµ) = 1 − 4cos (θ13)sin (θ23) ! h i ∆m2 L × 1 − cos2(θ )sin2(θ ) sin2 32 13 23 4E + (solar, matter effect terms) 2 location of dip:∆ m32 2 depth of dip: sin (θ23) K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 5 / 38 Neutrino Mixing Long baseline neutrino oscillations Appearance of νe/ν¯e : (−) (−) P(νµ → νµ) = ! ∆m2 L sin2(θ )sin2(2θ )sin2 32 23 13 4E (+) h 2 2 − sin(2θ12)sin (2θ23)sin (2θ13)cos(θ13) ! ! ∆m2 L ∆m2 L × sin 21 sin2 32 sin(δ ) 4E 4E CP + (CP-even, solar, matter effect terms) magnitude of the peak: 2 2 sin (θ23), sin (2θ13), δCP K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 6 / 38 Neutrino Mixing Current knowledge of oscillation parameters To understand ν oscillations we need to measure all parameters: ◦ ◦ θ12 = 33.6 ± 0.8 - solar ν’s ◦ ◦ θ23 = 45.6 ± 2.3 - is θ23 maximal? ◦ ◦ θ13 = 8.3 ± 0.2 - recent reactorν ¯e disappearance measurements δCP unknown → possibility of CP violation in the lepton sector mass hierarchy unknown: K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 7 / 38 The T2K experiment T2K overview ∼500 people from 12 countries, 66 institutes high intensity beam produced at J-PARC with νµ andν ¯µ mode off-axis technique to get narrower energy spectrum main goals: estimate δCP through νe appearance 2 measure θ23, |∆m32|, through νµ disappearance K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 8 / 38 The T2K experiment Beam production 30 GeV proton beam delivered by Linac→RCS→MR High intensity p+ beam hits the carbon target, magnetic horns focusing outgoing hadrons, ± ± (−) π decays to µ and νµ in 100m long decay volume, beam dump stops almost all µ particles, number of (ν−) ’s is proportional to number of p+ (% beam power ∼ % (ν−) flux) K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 9 / 38 The T2K experiment Off-axis beam properties narrowed energy spectrum peaks at 0.6GeV νµ flux peaked at maximum disappearance and appearance off-axis technique used in the experiment for the first time K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 10 / 38 The T2K experiment INGRID On-axis beam detector: 16 modules (iron/scintillator sandwich) additional module with scintillators only count νµ by reconstructing µ from interactions goal: monitor beam rate, direction and stability K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 11 / 38 The T2K experiment ND280 Off-axis beam detector: sub-detectors in 0.2T field: P0D - π0, TPC - PID, track particles, FGD - target, vertex info., ECAL - PID for particles exiting ND280 (γ’s, π0’s) (ν−) cross-section measurements (−) measure νe contamination in the beam goal: measure (ν−) event spectrum before oscillation occurs K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 12 / 38 The T2K experiment Far detector - Super-Kamiokande SK far detector: ∼ 1km of screening rocks (2700 meter water equivalent) 50kt water Cherenkov technology > 11000 PMT’s excellent e/µ separation goal: measure (ν−) event spectrum after oscillations occured K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 13 / 38 The T2K experiment νµ disappearance signal νe appearance signal (µ-like) (e-like) K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 14 / 38 The T2K experiment T2K Data-Taking status 3.16 × 1021 Protons On Target (POT) latest oscillation results based on: 3.13 × 1021 =∼ 1.49 × 1021ν+ ∼ 1.63 × 1021ν¯ POT 40% of the total approved T2K statistics (7.8 × 1021 POT) K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 15 / 38 Oscillation analysis method Oscillation Analysis method Number of ν events observed: Eν bins flavours far X X far far far far N = Pνj →νk φj σk Mdet i j Eν bins flavours near X X near near near near N = φj σk Mdet i j compare observed rates at far detector constrain by observed rates at near detector depends on: Oscillation probabilities Neutrino flux Neutrino interaction cross section detection efficiency detector resolution K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 16 / 38 Oscillation analysis method Oscillation Analysis method NA61/SHINE data ν flux ND280 data model INGRID/Beam ND280 model monitor data ND280 fit External cross section data ν cross SK data section model ν oscillation SK model Oscillation fit model Oscillation parameters K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 17 / 38 Oscillation analysis method T2K flux prediction Predicted fluxes at SK: Simulations takes into account: hadron interactions: simulated by: Fluka + GEANT3 tuned to: NA61/SHINE data beam parameters horns parameters Largest uncertainties comes from: hadron interactions p+ beam profile + off-axis angle Analysis improvements to include NA61/SHINE replica target data will significantly reduce hadron interaction errors K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 18 / 38 Oscillation analysis method Oscillation Analysis method NA61/SHINE data ν flux ND280 data model INGRID/Beam ND280 model monitor data ND280 fit External cross section data ν cross SK data section model ν oscillation SK model Oscillation fit model Oscillation parameters K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 19 / 38 Oscillation analysis method Neutrino Cross Section Model Main interaction at T2K ν energy is Charged Current Quasi-Elastic (CCQE): − νµ + n → µ + p can reconstruct Eν using: m, E, ~p, θµ Charged Current single pion (CC1π): − + νµ + n/p → µ + π + n/p Neutral Current (NC) and Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) can be additional backgrounds K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 20 / 38 Oscillation analysis method Oscillation Analysis method NA61/SHINE data ν flux ND280 data model INGRID/Beam ND280 model monitor data ND280 fit External cross section data ν cross SK data section model ν oscillation SK model Oscillation fit model Oscillation parameters K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 21 / 38 Oscillation analysis method ND280 role Multiple data samples in ND280 are fitted to constrain the combination of flux and ν interaction systematics at SK 2 × 3 samples (C + H2O) for ν mode: νµCC0π, νµCC1π, CCOther 2 × 4 samples (C + H2O) forν ¯µ mode: ν¯µCC1Track, ν¯µCCNTrack, νµCC1Track, νµCCNTrack Data on carbon and oxygen targets are binned in outgoing µ momentum and angle K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 22 / 38 Oscillation analysis method ND280 fit Before analysis: After analysis: Data/Sim. ratio is closer to one after fit result of data fit reduces interaction and flux model uncertainties! Errors on SK reduced from: ∼ 15% to ∼ 5% K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 23 / 38 Oscillation analysis method Oscillation Analysis method NA61/SHINE data ν flux ND280 data model INGRID/Beam ND280 model monitor data ND280 fit External cross section data ν cross SK data section model ν oscillation SK model Oscillation fit model Oscillation parameters K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 24 / 38 Oscillation analysis method SK data sample with fit 1-r CCQE-µ-like 1-r CCQE-e-like 1-r CC1π+-e-like ν MC assumption: ν¯ δCP = −π/2 Normal Hierarchy 2 sin (θ23) = 0.528 2 sin (θ13) = 0.0219 Fit is done simultaneously to all five data samples K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 25 / 38 Oscillation analysis method Oscillation Analysis method NA61/SHINE data ν flux ND280 data model INGRID/Beam ND280 model monitor data ND280 fit External cross section data ν cross SK data section model ν oscillation SK model Oscillation fit model Oscillation parameters K. Porwit@NuTelescopes 2019 Recent results from the T2K experiment 26 / 38 T2K results New T2Kν ¯e appearance result Compare consistency with PMNSν ¯e appearance (β=1) and no ν¯e 0 appearance (β=0): P (¯νµ → ν¯e) = β × P(¯νµ → ν¯e) Rate analysis: expected number ofν ¯e events with oscillation (β = 1, 17.2 events) expected number ofν ¯e events without oscillation (β = 0, 9.4 events) data agrees with both hypotheses result is not statistically conclusive - need more data K.
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