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The Role of Fort Jesus Museum in Socio-Economic Development the People of Mombasa, Kenya

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The Role of Fort Jesus Museum in Socio-Economic Development the People of Mombasa, Kenya Os \\ THE ROLE OF FORT JESUS MUSEUM IN WlO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT^ i // THE PEOPLE OF MOMBASA, KENYA. By: LOVEMORE C.j | m AZIBUKO A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE INSTITUTE OF AFRICAN STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN THE CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF HERITAGE AND MUSEUM COLLECTIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI. AUGUST 2005, University of N A IR O B I Library DECLARATION This project is my original work and has not been submitted for the award of a degree/diploma any other institution. LOVEMORE CHANCES JONAH MAZIBUKO 0 3 - cA-2-doc, DATE: This project has been submitted for examination with approval of the university-approved supervisor. DR DENNIS M. L< DATE:...... DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my wife, Patricia, and my two children, Vitu and Neesha, for staying without their father during the period I was away studying. 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration............................................................................................................... 11 Dedication............................................................................................................... Table of Contents................................................................................................ *v List of Tables......................................................................................................... ^ List of Figures......................................................................................................... List o f Plates......................................................................................................... x List of Acronyms/Abbreviations........................................................................... x* Acknowledgements................................................................................................ xn Abstract................................................................................................................... x*v Chapter One: Background Information....................................................... 1-12 1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Historical Development of Museums.......................................................... 1 1.3 History o f National Museums of Kenya...................................................... 3 1.4 Fort Jesus Museum: Historical Perspective................................................ 3 i 1.5 Population and the People of Mombasa...................................................... 5 1.6 Economic Activities of the People of Mombasa....................................... 7 1.7 Tourist Attraction Sites................................................................................. 8 1.8 Problem Statement........................................................................................ 10 1.9 The Study Objectives...................................................................................... 11 1.9.1 Overall Objective......................................................................................... 11 1.9.2 Specific Objectives...................................................................................... 11 1.10 Rationale o f the Study..................................................................................... 11 1.11 Scope and Limitations.................................................................................... 12 iv Chapter Two: Literature Review 13-16 2.1 Introduction............................... 13 2.2. Culture and Development.............................................................................. 13 2.4 Conceptual Model......................................................................................... ^ 2.5 Hypothesis...................................................................................................... 2.6 Operational Definition of terms................................................................... 17 Chapter Three: Methodology............................................................................ 18-25 3.1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 3.2 Research Site................................................................................................ ^ 3.2.1 Position and Size........................................................................................ ^ 3.3 Research Design............................................................................................ 21 3.4 Population...................................................................................................... 21 3.5 Sample and Unit of Analysis....................................................................... 21 3.6 Sampling Procedure..................................................................................... 21 3.7 Methods o f Data Collection........................................................................ 22 3.7.1 Documentary Evidence........................................................................... 22 3.7.2 Structured Questionnaire for the Business Community........................ 22 3.7.3 Structured Questionnaire for Museum Personnel................................. 23 3.7.4 Focus Group Discussion........................................................................... 24 3.7.5 Direct Observation.................................................................................... 25 3.8 Methods of Data Analysis............................................................................... 25 3.8 Problems Faced in the Field and Solutions used to solve them.................... 26 3.9 Ethical Issues.................................................................................................... 26 v Chapter Four: Study Findings............................................................................ 27-51 4.0 Introduction...................................................................................................... 27 4.1 Role of Fort Jesus Museum............................................................................. 27 4.1.1 Direct contribution of the museum............................................................ 27 4.1.1.1 Allowing the public to use part of its land for business........................ 27 4.1.1.2 Landscaping of pavements around Old Town........................................ 28 4.1.1.3 Annual events organised by FJM .............................................................. 28 4.1.1.4 Employment for the local community...................................................... 28 4.1.1.5 Promoting Swahili culture and alleviating unemployment among youths 28 4.1.2 Indirect contribution of the museum.......................................................... 29 4.1.3 Level of visitation at Fort Jesus................................................................... 33 4.1.4 Business activities around Fort Jesus Museum........................................ 37 4.1.5 Clients for different business activities around Fort Jesus Museum....... 38 Chapter Five: Discussion, Conclusions and Recommendations................ 51-56 5.1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 51 5.2 Discussion....................................................................................................... 51 5.3 Mitigation measures........................................................................................ 53 5.4 Conclusion....................................................................................................... 54 5.5 Recommendations.......................................................................................... 55 Reference.............................................................................................................. 57 Appendices......................................................................................................... 60 LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Income distribution for respondents by employment in six-business activities run around Fort Jesus Museum........................................................... 44 Table 4.2: Distribution of employed people by business category............................ 45 vu LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Percentage enrolment by sex for primary and secondary school going age groups for Mombasa Island.................................................. 5 Figure 2.1: Linkage of Sustainability.............................................................................. 16 Figure 3 .1: Map of Kenya showing position of Mombasa District.............................. 19 Figure 3 .2: Map of Mombasa District showing position Fort Jesus Museum............ 20 Figure 4.1: Respondents perceptions on role of Fort Jesus Museum in the socio-economic development of the local community......................................... 30 Figure 4.2: Visitors’ statistics at Fort Jesus Museum from 2000 to 2004.................... 34 Figure 4.3: Visitors’ turn up at Fort Jesus museum for 2001........................................ 36 Figure 4.4: Visitors’ turn up at Fort Jesus museum for 2002......................................... 36 Figure 4.5: Visitors’ turn up at Fort Jesus museum for 2003......................................... 36 Figure 4.6: Visitors’ turn up at Fort Jesus museum for 2004......................................... 36 Figure 4.7: Distribution of different kinds of businesses around Fort Jesus
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