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Draft Transportation Evaluación Ambiental Programática Transporte: Puentes, Alcantarillas, Carreteras y Deslizamientos de Tierra Puerto Rico Agosto de 2020 Departamento de Seguridad Nacional de EE. UU. Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Región II Oficina de Recuperación Conjunta División de Área del Caribe 50 Carretera PR-165, Guaynabo, PR 00968 Evaluación Ambiental Programática FEMA Puerto Rico PEA de Transporte TABLA DE CONTENIDO TABLA DE CONTENIDO............................................................................................................. II TABLAS ....................................................................................................................................... IV LISTA DE ACRÓNIMOS ............................................................................................................. V 1.0 INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................................... 9 2.0 PROPÓSITO Y NECESIDAD ................................................................................................. 9 3.0 LUGAR DE LOS PROYECTOS Y TRASFONDO ............................................................... 10 4.0 ALTERNATIVAS .................................................................................................................. 14 4.1 ALTERNATIVA 1: ALTERNATIVA DE NO ACCIÓN ................................................................................................ 14 4.2 ALTERNATIVA 2: REMPLAZO DE PUENTES Y ALCANTARILLAS ........................................................................... 14 4.3 ALTERNATIVA 3: REPARACIÓN DE DESLIZAMIENTOS DE TIERRA ........................................................................ 16 4.4 ALTERNATIVA 4: MITIGACIÓN DE RIESGOS Y REPARACIÓN DE CARRETERAS, PUENTES Y ALCANTARILLAS ....... 17 4.5 ALTERNATIVA 5: UNA COMBINACIÓN DE LAS ALTERNATIVAS 2, 3 Y 4 ............................................................... 19 5.0 AMBIENTE AFECTADO Y POSIBLES IMPACTOS ......................................................... 20 5.1 GEOLOGÍA, TOPOGRAFÍA Y SUELOS .................................................................................................................... 21 5.1.1 Condiciones actuales ................................................................................................................................ 22 5.1.2 Posibles impactos y la mitigación propuesta ............................................................................................ 24 5.2 CALIDAD DEL AIRE ............................................................................................................................................ 26 5.2.1 Condiciones actuales ................................................................................................................................ 28 5.2.2 Posibles impactos y la mitigación propuesta ............................................................................................ 28 5.3 CALIDAD DEL AGUA ........................................................................................................................................... 31 5.3.1 Condiciones actuales ................................................................................................................................ 32 5.3.2 Posibles impactos y la mitigación propuesta ............................................................................................ 33 5.4 HUMEDALES ...................................................................................................................................................... 36 5.4.1 Condiciones actuales ................................................................................................................................ 36 5.4.2 Posibles impactos y la mitigación propuesta ............................................................................................ 37 5.5 VALLES DE INUNDACIÓN .................................................................................................................................... 40 5.5.1 Condiciones actuales ................................................................................................................................ 40 5.5.2 Posibles impactos y la mitigación propuesta ............................................................................................ 42 5.6 RECURSOS COSTEROS ........................................................................................................................................ 45 5.6.1 Condiciones actuales ................................................................................................................................ 46 5.6.2 Posibles impactos y la mitigación propuesta ............................................................................................ 47 5.7 VEGETACIÓN ..................................................................................................................................................... 49 5.7.1 Condiciones actuales ................................................................................................................................ 49 5.7.2 Posibles impactos y la mitigación propuesta ............................................................................................ 50 5.8 PECES Y VIDA SILVESTRE ................................................................................................................................... 51 5.8.1 Condiciones actuales ................................................................................................................................ 52 5.8.2 Posibles impactos y la mitigación propuesta ............................................................................................ 53 5.9 ESPECIES AMENAZADAS O EN PELIGRO DE EXTINCIÓN ....................................................................................... 56 5.9.1 Condiciones actuales ................................................................................................................................ 56 ii Evaluación Ambiental Programática FEMA Puerto Rico PEA de Transporte 5.9.2 Posibles impactos y la mitigación propuesta ............................................................................................ 57 5.10 RECURSOS CULTURALES .................................................................................................................................. 60 5.10.1 Estructuras históricas (aún erigidas) ...................................................................................................... 61 5.10.2 Recursos arqueológicos .......................................................................................................................... 63 5.11 JUSTICIA SOCIOECONÓMICA Y AMBIENTAL ...................................................................................................... 66 5.11.1 Condiciones actuales .............................................................................................................................. 66 5.11.2 Posibles impactos y la mitigación propuesta .......................................................................................... 68 5.12 USO Y PLANIFICACIÓN DEL TERRENO ............................................................................................................... 69 5.12.1 Condiciones actuales .............................................................................................................................. 70 5.12.2 Posibles impactos y la mitigación propuesta .......................................................................................... 72 5.13 RUIDO .............................................................................................................................................................. 73 5.13.1 Condiciones actuales .............................................................................................................................. 74 5.13.2 Posibles impactos y la mitigación propuesta .......................................................................................... 75 5.14 TRANSPORTE ................................................................................................................................................... 77 5.14.1 Condiciones actuales .............................................................................................................................. 77 5.14.2 Posibles impactos y la mitigación propuesta .......................................................................................... 78 5.15 SERVICIOS PÚBLICOS ....................................................................................................................................... 80 5.15.1 Condiciones actuales .............................................................................................................................. 80 5.15.2 Posibles impactos y la mitigación propuesta .......................................................................................... 81 5.16 SALUD PÚBLICA Y SEGURIDAD ......................................................................................................................... 83 5.16.1 Condiciones actuales .............................................................................................................................. 83 5.16.2 Posibles impactos y la mitigación propuesta .......................................................................................... 84 5.17 MATERIALES
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