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São Carlos 2012 Tese De Doutorado UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO CARLOS CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E DE TECNOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENGENHARIA DE PRODUÇÃO INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO E MUDANÇA NA GESTÃO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA INDÚSTRIA DE ELETRODOMÉSTICOS DE LINHA BRANCA KLEBER LUIZ NARDOTO MILANEZE SÃO CARLOS 2012 TESE DE DOUTORADO UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO CARLOS CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E DE TECNOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENGENHARIA DE PRODUÇÃO INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO E MUDANÇA NA GESTÃO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA INDÚSTRIA DE ELETRODOMÉSTICOS DE LINHA BRANCA Kleber Luiz Nardoto Milaneze Tese de Doutorado submetida ao exame de qualificação do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Engenharia de Produção. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Alessandra Rachid SÃO CARLOS 2012 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo DePT da Biblioteca Comunitária/UFSCar Milaneze, Kleber Luiz Nardoto. M637im Internacionalização e mudança na gestão : um estudo de caso na indústria de eletrodomésticos de linha branca / Kleber Luiz Nardoto Milaneze. -- São Carlos : UFSCar, 2013. 123 f. Tese (Doutorado) -- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. 1. Gestão de empresas. 2. Globalização. 3. Indústria de linha branca. 4. Administração - fusões. 5. Administração - aquisições. 6. Administração da produção. I. Título. CDD: 658.4 (20a) i DEDICATÓRIA Quero dedicar este trabalho ao meu pai, que foi um grande parceiro e motivador para que eu encontrasse nos estudos um elemento fundamental para meu crescimento pessoal e profissional. Ele foi um exemplo de vida e superação. Diante das limitações físicas que a vida lhe proporcionou, seu empenho no trabalho, sua dedicação à família e sua alegria constante foram atitudes que me serviram como exemplo. Ele, que me acompanhou em grande parte desta jornada, infelizmente não viveu para terminá-la junto comigo. Não tenho palavras para dizer o quanto você foi, é e será importante para mim. Fica a certeza que, de onde você está agora, estou lhe fazendo orgulhoso. Muito obrigado por fazer parte presente em minha vida! ii AGRADECIMENTOS Ao longo dos quatro anos do programa de doutorado, muitos foram os desafios enfrentados para conseguir conquistar este sonho. Várias pessoas surgiram e me serviram de inspiração, apoio e coragem para que não deixasse de lutar. Ao escrever este agradecimento me lembrei de algumas dessas pessoas que deixaram, de uma maneira ou outra, sua contribuição, principalmente nos momentos difíceis. Quero agradecê-las nominalmente com carinho. A minha orientadora, Alessandra Rachid, que me aceitou como orientando e permitiu que eu realizasse o sonho de cursar o doutorado. Esta pessoa me abrilhantou com todo seu conhecimento. Agradeço pela paciência e empenho com o qual conduziu todo o processo de orientação desta tese e pelo voto de confiança. Quero agradecer também aos professores Maria Beatriz Machado Bonacelli, Edemilson Nogueira e Júlio Cesar Donadone que, com suas ponderações na qualificação desta tese, me ajudaram no enriquecimento da pesquisa. Para que este trabalho fosse realizado, contei com a colaboração de funcionários da ApplianceCo, que se propuseram em participar da pesquisa e colaboraram com sua vivência profissional e o acesso às informações. A minha mãe, quero agradecer ao amor que sempre me dedicou. Foi graças a sua paixão pelo magistério que me inspirei a ser professor. Agradeço de maneira especial a minha esposa e meu filho, que conviveram comigo durante a construção deste sonho, abdicaram de minha presença em vários momentos para que eu pudesse me dedicar a este estudo e me apoiaram nos momentos difíceis, principalmente quando algo não saia conforme o planejado. Obrigado por todo carinho e compreensão que tiveram comigo neste período. E agradeço a Deus, pois nos momentos de dificuldades encontrados ao longo de trabalho sei que Ele estava junto comigo. iii LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 4.1 – Organograma da Electrolux ............................................................................ 59 Figura 4.2 – Sequência de aquisições que levaram à estrutura atual da Electrolux............ 62 Figura 4.3 – Organograma da Whirlpool ............................................................................ 63 Figura 4.4 – Sequência de aquisições que levaram à estrutura atual da Whirlpool ............ 66 Figura 4.5 – Sequência de aquisições que levaram à estrutura atual da Mabe ................... 70 Figura 5.1 – Organograma da ApplianceCo Planta 1 (1996) ............................................. 78 iv LISTA DE GRÁFICOS Gráfico 2.1 – Valor global de recursos financeiros movimentados pelos investimentos de 1980-2005 ...................................................................................................................... 16 Gráfico 2.2 – Total de transações envolvendo fusões aquisições 1994 - 2008 .................. 26 Gráfico 2.3 – Participação % das exportações brasileiras nas exportações mundiais 2001- 2010 .......................................................................................................................... 28 v LISTA DE QUADROS Quadro 2.1 – Aquisições de empresas nas décadas de 1990 e 2000 (Brasil) ..................... 27 Quadro 3.1 – Marcas produzidas por empresas de linha branca do mundo ....................... 34 Quadro 3.2 – Fusões e parcerias na cadeia produtiva da linha branca (Brasil, 1994 a 2009) ................................................................................................................................... 41 Quadro 3.3 – Empresas de eletrodomésticos de linha branca de capital nacional .............. 44 Quadro 3.4 – Empresas de eletrodomésticos de linha branca instaladas em Manaus ........ 45 Quadro 3.5 – Investimentos das Empresas de Linha Branca (2004 a 2011) ...................... 45 Quadro 3.6 – As alíquotas de IPI para produtos de linha branca ........................................ 51 Quadro 5.1 – Currículo dos principais diretores da ApplianceCo ...................................... 75 Quadro 5.2 – Mix de produtos da ApplianceCo em 2012 .................................................. 86 vi LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 2.1 – Taxa de crescimento (%) de países (2009-2011) ........................................... 19 Tabela 2.2 – O mapa da crise econômica na Europa .......................................................... 22 Tabela 2.3 – Exportação dos setores industriais por intensidade tecnológica – Participação % entre 2009 e 2011 ....................................................................................... 28 Tabela 3.1 – Ranking das maiores empresas de eletrodomésticos de linha branca (2010) 32 Tabela 3.2 – Segmentação por mercado consumidor de eletrodomésticos em 2009 ......... 37 Tabela 3.3 – Principais países consumidores de produtos de linha branca nas Américas em 2009 ............................................................................................................................... 37 Tabela 3.4 – Representação relativa de mercado por tipo de aparelho 2009 ...................... 37 Tabela 3.5 – Crescimento da receita no setor de linha branca entre os anos de 2005 a 2009 .................................................................................................................................... 38 Tabela 3.6 – Evolução da demanda mundial de eletrodomésticos de linha branca 2005- 2009......................................................................................................................................39 Tabela 3.7 – Unidades de eletrodomésticos de linha branca vendidas nos EUA (2008 – 2009) ................................................................................................................................... 39 Tabela 3.8 – Faturamento em 2010 das principais empresas de linha banca do Brasil (R$ milhões) .............................................................................................................................. 46 Tabela 3.9 – Faturamento do setor de eletrodomésticos de linha branca (R$ bilhões) ...... 46 Tabela 3.10 – Estrutura financeira da Whirlpool e Electrolux 2010 .................................. 46 Tabela 3.11 – Desempenho da fabricação de produtos de linha branca no Brasil (em milhões de unidades) .......................................................................................................... 48 Tabela 3.12 – Evolução do crescimento da receita do setor de linha branca brasileiro entre 2005 a 2009 ................................................................................................................ 48 Tabela 3.13 – O mercado de linha branca segmentado por tipo de estabelecimento comercial 2009 .................................................................................................................... 49 Tabela 3.14 – Evolução do nível de difusão de eletrodomésticos de linha branca no Brasil ................................................................................................................................... 49 Tabela 3.15 – Índice de difusão de produtos de linha branca por faixa de renda (2007, %) ........................................................................................................................................ 50 Tabela 3.16 – Empregos do setor de linha branca (Brasil, 2006 a 2010) ........................... 52 vii Tabela 3.17 – Alíquotas de IPI para produtos de linha branca ........................................... 52 Tabela 3.18 – Desempenho das importações chinesas no mercado nacional (2009 a 2011) ..................................................................................................................................
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