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PDF 2016 Spazi Fluidi Il Giornalismo Toscano E La corecom Spazi fl uidi. Il giornalismo toscano e la sfi da del digitale 10 Regione Toscana corecomcorecom Comitato Regionale per le Comunicazioni e las Il giornalismotoscano Spazi fi da deldigitale fl uidi Il Comitato Regionale per le Comunicazioni della Toscana, disciplinato dalla legge regionale 25 giugno 2002 n. 22, è organo di consulenza e di gestione della Regione in materia di comunicazione, organo funzionale dell’Autorità per le Garanzie nelle Comunicazioni, e svolge anche compiti istruttori per conto del Ministero delle Comunicazioni. Tra le funzioni gestionali, si segnalano quelle relative all’accesso radiofonico e televisivo regionale e l’istruttoria per la concessione dei contributi ministeriali alle emittenti televisive locali. Di particolare delicatezza sono i compiti di vigilanza e controllo sul rispetto della legge 28/2000 (“par condicio”) in occasione delle campagne elettorali politiche, amministrative e referendarie. Ogni anno il Corecom presenta al Consiglio regionale il Programma di attività per l’anno successivo, contenente l’indicazione delle indagini, delle ricerche, dei seminari e delle manifestazioni che si intendono realizzare per svolgere un’attività conoscitiva d’ausilio per la formazione delle politiche di comunicazione in Toscana e che consenta una conoscenza approfondita del comparto delle comunicazioni nel quadro della società e dell’economia regionali. Dal 1 gennaio 2010 alle quattro funzioni delegate dall’Autorità per le Garanzie nelle Comunicazioni (risoluzione delle controversie tra utenti e operatori dei servizi di telecomunicazioni, tutela dei minori, diritto di rettifi ca e vigilanza sui sondaggi) si sono aggiunte tre ulteriori funzioni: la gestione a livello locale del Registro degli Operatori della Comunicazione (ROC), il monitoraggio dell’emittenza locale, la defi nizione delle controversie tra utenti e gestori dei servizi di telecomunicazione. I componenti del Corecom della Toscana in carica dal maggio 2012 sono: Sandro Vannini (Presidente), Giancarlo Magni (Vice Presidente), Renato Burigana, Letizia Salvestrini, Maurizio Zingoni. La struttura di supporto al Corecom, presso la Direzione Generale del Consiglio Regionale della Toscana, è composta da: Luciano Moretti (responsabile), Elisabetta Agnoloni, Giacomo Amalfi tano, Simona Bonatti, Vanna Castaldi, Elisabetta Castelli, Silvia Chiarantini, Vanna Giacobbe, Mario Ginanni, Iolanda Giusteschi Conti, Elisabetta Gonnelli, Antonella Gori, Massimo Gradi, Alessandra Mariani, Claudia Napoletti, Federica Nebbiai, Stefania Nesi, Anna Maria Petrella, Luciano Senni, Tiziana Vignoli, Alessandro Zanelli Quarantini. Per avere informazioni sulle attività del Corecom, è possibile consultare il sito del Corecom: www.corecom.toscana.it. La sede del Corecom è in Via Cavour 18 a Firenze, raggiungibile al tel. 055 2387880 e al fax 055 2387871. L’uffi cio conciliazioni e defi nizione controversie è raggiungibile al numero verde 800 561 541, al centralino 055 2387974 e al fax 055 2387874. © 2016 by Corecom Toscana Via Cavour 18 50129 Firenze www.corecom.toscana.it Spazi fl uidi Il giornalismo toscano e la sfi da del digitale Massimiliano Mantiloni è giornalista professionista, ha un’esperienza ultra ventennale in radio, tv e quotidiani nazio- nali e locali. Corrispondente da Palazzo Chigi a Roma per Radio Montecarlo e dalla Toscana per Tmc, Cnr e attualmente per Rtl 102.5. Ha condotto programmi tv di informazione sulle emittenti regionali Rtv38 e Italia7. Giornalista web per giornali online e blog: Affari Italiani, Firenzepost, Giustizia Caffè, Consigliowebtv. Svolge attività di addetto stampa di uomini, gruppi politici e aziende. E’ autore di progetti d’informazione e comunicazione per la pubblica amministrazione e categorie economiche. Marco Renzi, giornalista e scrittore, blogger, speaker e autore radio televisivo, cura la comunicazione per gruppi politici e aziende pubbliche e private. Da tempo sta esplorando professionalmente le frontiere della comunicazione digitale, anche come formatore, docente universitario a contratto e organizzatore di seminari e congressi. Emiliano Ricci è coordinatore della redazione web dell’Agenzia di informazione della Regione Toscana e responsabile del progetto Open Toscana. Come giornalista e scrittore scientifi co, collabora con alcune importanti testate nazionali di divulgazione scientifi ca, fra le quali Le Scienze, ed è autore di manuali e libri divulgativi di fi sica e di astronomia, tra cui “La fi sica in casa” (Giunti, 2013). Ha insegnato “Teoria e tecniche dei nuovi media” all’Università di Firenze, con la quale collabora da vari anni. Carlo Sorrentino è professore ordinario di Sociologia dei processi culturali presso la Scuola di Scienze Politiche “Cesare Alfi eri” dell’Università di Firenze. Da oltre trenta anni studia il giornalismo e le sue trasformazioni, pubblicando diversi volumi, saggi e capitoli in libri collettanei. Dal 2014 dirige la rivista Problemi dell’informazione. Augusto Valeriani è ricercatore presso il Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche e Sociali dell’Università di Bologna. Si occupa di media digitali e del loro impatto sul giornalismo, la politica e la partecipazione. Su questi temi ha pubblicato diversi saggi, capitoli in libri collettanei e tre monografi e. Indice 7 Introduzione 15 Capitolo primo Ripensare il giornalismo all’interno di un sistema ibrido dell’informazione: i quattro quotidiani toscani 17 1 Introduzione 19 2. Ridefi nire la redazione, istituzionalizzare l’innovazione 22 3. Ripensare la notizia con i criteri di un altro mezzo 24 4. Il rapporto tra “centri” e “periferie” 26 5. Nuovi e vecchi concorrenti dentro nuovi e vecchi ambienti 28 6. Il pubblico della carta, quello del sito e quello dei social: ripensare i lettori e pen- sare a tanti lettori diversi 33 Capitolo secondo Il lavoro giornalistico ai tempi dei social 35 1. La notizia si confronta con i social media 39 2. Giornalismo e social media: il rapporto con le fonti 42 3. Costruzione della notizia, come i social modifi cano il racconto 44 4. Le interazioni con il pubblico 47 5. Come i social agiscono sulla dimensione locale dell’informazione 51 Capitolo terzo I siti dei 4 quotidiani tra carta, web e “social media” 53 1. Analisi dei siti web 63 2. L’interazione fra le testate cartacee, i siti web e i media sociali 69 Capitolo quarto La gestione della community 71 1. Premessa 72 2. Gestione e ascolto della comunità 76 3. Interattività e uso degli strumenti di ascolto e gestione Introduzione Introduzione di Carlo Sorrentino Il campo giornalistico sta vivendo grandi trasformazioni sottolineate dalla rivolu- zione digitale che incide profondamente nelle logiche della professione giornalistica, velocizzando consistentemente i processi produttivi e di consumo delle informazioni e rendendo il perimetro di tale campo inevitabilmente incerto. Mai come oggi sappiamo che c’è sempre più bisogno di giornalismo, ma abbiamo forti diffi coltà a defi nire cosa sia giornalismo e, soprattutto, a distinguere fra conte- nuti giornalistici e contenuti non giornalistici. La Galassia Internet ha fatto nascere media e progetti digitali in cui la classica distinzione fra produzione, mediazione e consumo è saltata o completamente ridefi nita. Le testate giornalistiche si trovano a gestire un enorme cambiamento nelle forme di distribuzione delle notizie, che sempre più si trasferiscono dai supporti cartacei o elettronici a quelli digitali, dove spesso l’accesso è garantito dai motori di ricerca oppure dai social network. Ormai da tempo i siti delle testate sono diventati laboratori in cui i redattori cercano di adattare i contenuti tradizionali agli spazi, ai tempi e ai formati del giornalismo digitale, rendendosi conto sempre più delle diffi coltà nel seguire politiche di mero adattamento delle vecchie logiche ai nuovi supporti. L’ambiente digitale consente ad un’unica redazione di dover quotidianamente pensare alla realizzazione di notizie e articoli da collocare attraverso il formato tradizionale – cartaceo, televisivo, radio- fonico, ecc. ecc. – ma anche sul proprio sito web e, negli ultimi anni, alimentare la propria presenza sui principali social network. Un’unica redazione, un’unica organizzazione che deve lavorare per 3 ambienti, adat- tando la propria professionalità alle distinte logiche presenti in tali ambienti: • più propriamente selettiva quella dell’ambiente classico; • elencativa ed espositiva la logica del web, che formalmente può contare su uno spazio infi nito e azzerare la temporalità con la possibilità di realizzare aggior- namenti continui; • sintetica ma soprattutto dialogica la logica dei social, che contano sull’inte- razione e la continua circolazione dei prodotti fra i vari nodi della rete che com- pongono i social network. Siamo in presenza di mutamenti eccezionali, quali – ad esempio – il superamento della deadline, le maggiori abilità mediatiche delle fonti e l’irruzione negli ambienti mediatici digitali dei consumatori, che possono trasformarsi in produttori di infor- mazioni o, comunque, commentare in tempo reale quanto leggono e vedono. La rivoluzione tecnologica ridefi nisce soprattutto le dimensioni spaziali e temporali e modifi ca – conseguentemente - i meccanismi e le routine di “messa in ordine” della realtà che il giornalismo si era dato. La deadline è eliminata dalla mobile staticità del- l’home page, che viene variata ogni volta che si vuole, modifi cando defi nitivamente il rapporto del giornalista e del giornalismo con il tempo, che diventa fl uido; oppure dalle caratteristiche dei social network, che consentirebbero di “sparare”
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