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Darkside-20K CPP 3rd Berkeley Workshop on the Direct Detection of Dark Matter DARKSIDE:CHALLENGES,! PERSPECTIVES AND PLANS Emilija Pantic UC DAVIS for the DarkSide collaboration - DarkSide-50 brief intro and status! - DarkSide-20k CPP Look for references here 1 [email protected] http://darkside.lngs.infn.it/collaboration 26 DarkSide-50 LAr dual phase TPC 3D positioning O (few mm) Light + Charge S2/S1 discrimination of ERs Pulse shape discrimination of ERs f90 = fraction of S1 in the first 90ns 1 Eextr 90 f 35000 S2 0.9 0.8 Nuclear Recoils 30000 50% 65% - - 0.7 80% e e 90% 25000 - - Edrift e e 0.6 e- e- 200V/cm 20000 f90 0.5 S1 0.4 15000 0.3 Electronic Recoils 10000 0.2 5000 0.1 0 0 1 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 46kg of LAr! S1S1 [PE] [PE] 38 3” PMTs! 7 TPB as wavelength shifter! ER Rejection power >10 2016 Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop cathode/anode = ITO on fused silica! 83mKr S1 Light Yield:! Teflon as reflector ! 7.0 ± 0.3 PE/keV @ 200 V/cm extraction grid 2 First Results from the DarkSide-50 Dark Matter Experiment at LNGS, Phys.Lett. B 743 26 DarkSide-50 Veto Detectors: 30t Liquid Scintillator Veto (LSV) = TMB + PPO + PC! 1000t Water Cherenkov Veto (WCV) Neutrons that scatter in the TPC can be detected via capture signal on 10B or thermalization signal in LSV. radiopure Tag radiogenic n Tag radiogenic � Tag cosmogenic n � � n prompt prompt LSV delayed LSV LSV Water WCV WCV WCV Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 2016 Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop >99.1% efficiency to veto radiogenic neutrons via delayed capture on 10B and 1H (AmBe + MC) 3 The veto system of the DarkSide-50 experiment, JINST 11, no.03, P03016 (2016) 26 Intrinsic background of Underground Argon With respect to Atmospheric Ar: ! > factor of 300 reduction of intrinsic radioactivity in UAr! ~ factor of 1400 reduction of 39Ar activity −1 10 AAr Data at 200 V/cm s] (LSV Anti-coinc.) × −2 UAr Data at 200 V/cm Multidim.! 10 39Ar in (LSV Anti-coinc.) kg 85 × Kr (Global Fit) spectral fit of 10−3 atmospheric Ar MC (g4ds) on 1000 mBq/kg 39Ar (Global Fit) AAr/UAr! 10−4 plus delayed −5 coincidence 10 tagging 39Ar in 10−6 Events / [50 PE underground Ar −7 10 0.73± 0.11 mBq/kg Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 2016 Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 10−8 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 S1 [PE] Background in ROI = ~50% "-events + ~50% of �-events 4 Results from the first use of low radioactivity argon in a dark matter search, Phys.Rev. D93, no.8, 08110 (2016) 26 Dark Matter search data for 70d UAr Reject:! Select ! abnormal clustering of S1 signal! Single scatters! AAr! prompt/delayed signal in LSV ! Use Hinkley f90 model! ! preceding �-like event in vetoes! Fit to AAr data Scale to UAr data! UAr top and bottom of TPC in drift Derive 0.01 ER leakage ev. / S1 bin Energy [keVnr] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 1 90 f 0.9 WIMP Search Region 250 0.8 50% 0.7 90% 99% 200 0.6 No events in the NR acceptance contours from AmBe in WIMP search 0.5 150 DS50 + SCENE region. 0.4 100 0.3 0.2 2016 Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 50 0.1 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 S1 [PE] 5 Results from the first use of low radioactivity argon in a dark matter search, Phys.Rev. D93, no.8, 08110 (2016) 26 Latest DarkSide-50 Dark Matter search result 0.007 t yr 3 42 10 10− 0.01 t yr ] 2 DarkSide-50 ! 2 LUX3yr projection WS2013 43 10 DarkSide–50 2015 10− LUX WS2014–16 1 XENON100 2016 44 10 10− 8B PandaX–IILUX 2016 WS2013+WS2014–16 LUX WS2013 0 45 10 10− 1 46 10− 10− WIMP–nucleon cross section [zb] Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 2016 Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop WIMP–nucleon cross section [cm 2 10− 101 102 103 104 105 WIMP Mass [GeV/c2] 6 Results from the first use of low radioactivity argon in a dark matter search, Phys.Rev. D93, no.8, 08110 (2016)! PLOT adapted from Results from a search for dark matter in the complete LUX exposure arXiv:1608.07648 (2016) 26 DarkSide-50 Short Term Plan New data almost one full year: ! -test and utilize blind analysis in steps ! -re-optimize full analysis chain! -implement improved background model for 30 0 V/cm ERs ! 20 10 38000 40000 42000 44000 46000 -finalize background model for “Cherenkov S1 [PE] 6 50 V/cm plus ER” events 4 2 38000 40000 42000 44000 46000 Other studies/publications: ! S1 [PE] 15 100 V/cm -G4DS simulation framework! 10 -G4DS recombination model ! 5 -ER background spectrum! Counts 38000 40000 42000 44000 46000 S1 [PE] -f90 model! 10 150 V/cm -alpha background! 5 -alpha yield**! 38000 40000 42000 44000 46000 800 S1 [PE] -combined energy scale! 200 V/cm -detector performance! 600 2016 Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 400 -CALIS*! 200 -S2/S1! 38000 40000 42000 44000 46000 -Effective field theory S1 [PE] 7 *CALIS - a CALibration Insertion System for the DarkSide-50 dark matter search experiment - Paper submitted! **Effect of Low Electric Fields on Alpha Scintillation Light Yield in Liquid Argon - Paper submitted 26 DarkSide-20k challenges and status 2.9m 0.35m 16m 8m 4m 10m Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 2016 Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop @LNGS @LNGS 11m 15m 8 26 How to collect 50 000 kg of underground argon! and then purify and distill to arrive to 30 000 kg by 2020 ? Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 2016 Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 9 Each purification or distillation step introduces a loss. 26 URANIA and ARIA Urania ! UAr extraction/ purification@100kg/d ! Ar extraction expected to Extraction&purification! start in 2017. @upgraded Colorado facility Aria ! Seruci1 - purification of UAr ! Seruci2- isotopic separation of Ar-39 ! Rate @150kg/d ! Depletion factor goals:! 2016 Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop ~10 for Ar-39 and >1000 for N2,02,Kr per pass Destillation via 350m tall column @ Seruci mine Urania in cooperation with Kinder Morgan ! 10 ARIA in cooperation with Regione Sardegna (production of other isotopes of interest for medical application) 26 How to provide 14 m2 of single- photon sensitive and radiopure surface with < 10 000 number of readout channels? Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 2016 Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 11 26 DarkSide-20k Photodetector module KEY GOALS ACHIEVED IN R&D 50x50mm2 SiPM tile 20x20mm2 SiPM tile FEB ! FEB ! with Cryo-TIA, transmitter with Cryo-TIA, at Sapphire PCB! transmitter at FR4 PCB! SNR>6! SNR>6! bandwidth>20MHz bandwidth>20MHz Sapphire substrate FR4 PCB substrate Power <250mW Power <250mW conceptual sketch Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 2016 Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 12 SiPM development by FBK/TIFPA. TIA=Trans-Impedance Amplifier. SNR=Signal to Noise Ratio 26 FBK NUV-HD-LF-HRq SiPM technology 1. peak efficiency in NUV 2. high dynamic range ! via (25-35 �m) cell size 10-1 ] preliminary 2 3. low intrinsic electric field ] preliminary -2 2 10 5V, NUV-HD LF 25 um cell -3 DCR [Hz / mm 10 Temperature (K) 0.4 DarkCurrentRate [Hz/mm NUV-HD LF 25 um cell LN2 10-4 OV 0.41 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0.35 3 V 4. high value of quenching resistor OV [V] 4 V OV 0.35 Over Voltage (V) 3 V 0.3 5 V 6 V 4 V 0.3 5 V 0.25 5. physical trench isolation6 V 0.25 preliminary 0.2 preliminary 0.2 0.15 0.15 AP Probability Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 2016 Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 0.1 DiCT Probability 0.1 0.05 NUV-HD LF 25 um cell 0.05 NUV-HD LF 25 um cell AfterPulsing Probability 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 Direct Cross-Talk Prob. Direct Cross-Talk 50 100 150 200 250 300 TemperatureT [K] (K) T [K] 13 publication in preparation 26 Hybrid scheme for SiPMs summing SiPMs Maintain SNR>6 for high threshold efficiency at SPE and photon timing ~10ns for Pulse Shape Discrimination SiPMs +V +Vb b Optimization of summed capacitance TIA TIA Transmitter and signal input to! Cryogenic Trans-Impedance Amplifier! and differential (optical) transmitter. 1400 1200 2 4p4s Baseline:20x20mm mean = 0 mV, σ = 2.8 mV Parallel Configuration Series/Parallel Configuration ! SPE peak: mean = 17 mV, σ = 3.0 mV 1000 SNR SNR: 6.0 = SPE/�baseline: ~6! 800 600 preliminary 400 Counts / [0.25 mV] Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 2016 Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 200 ~5V OV; LN2 NUV-HD-LF 5mmx5mm 0 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Amplitude [mV] 14 publication in preparation 26 Cryogenic system LAr from heat exchanger, radon trap and purification LN2 powered LAr condenser LAr to heat GAr to heat exchanger exchanger and and purification purification system! Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 2016 Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop LAr to recovery bi-directional LAr line 15 based on DarkSide-50 cryogenic system 26 Dual-phase octagonal TPC liquid level control via diving bell! 5210 SiPMs-based PDM modules ! Cu motherboard holds 25 PDM ! Active mass ! extraction linear grid 23 tons ITO on bonded acrylic for electrodes ! Cu field cage shrinks with reflector ! 200V/cm drift field ! Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop 2016 Pantic (UC Davis) on DarkSide @ Berkeley Workshop Teflon as reflector! TPB as wavelength shifter ! stainless steel (titanium) cryostat 16 Full size components scaled down (1ton) prototype in 2017.
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