E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 110 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

Vol. 154 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2008 No. 31 Senate The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was Mr. TESTER thereupon assumed the which we have to deal. I am going to called to order by the Honorable JON chair as Acting President pro tempore. talk to the distinguished Republican TESTER, a Senator from the State of f leader, Senator MCCONNELL, as to time Montana. limits. RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY I was thinking to myself, Mr. Presi- LEADER PRAYER dent, as the prayer was being offered The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- by our wonderful Chaplain, Admiral fered the following prayer: pore. The majority leader is recog- Black, that one thing I could use a lit- Let us pray. nized. tle help on is this scheduling. I mean, O God of perfect goodness, give us f it is really not funny, even though it is today a vision of You that we might be MEASURES PLACED ON THE CAL- kind of funny. One Senator has to leave renewed by Your forgiving love and ENDAR—S. 2663, S. 2664, AND S. at a certain time, one has to be back at challenged by Your righteousness. 2665 a certain time, and another doesn’t Inspire the Members of this body want us to do anything. So it is hard to with Your presence. Give them such Mr. REID. Mr. President, I believe make everyone happy, and that is one confidence in Your providential leading there are three bills at the desk due for of my jobs: to try to make everyone that they will find rest from their bur- a second reading. happy. Sometimes it is impossible. So I The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- dens. Let peace reign in their hearts, would maybe alert the Chaplain that pore. The clerk will report the bills by thoughts, and conversations, as You maybe he should start praying for a lit- order their steps and direct their paths. title for the second time. The assistant legislative clerk read tle scheduling ease sometime in the Sovereign God, You know better than near future. we what is best for us and our world; so as follows: use us today for Your glory. We pray in A bill (S. 2663) to reform the Consumer f the Redeemer’s Name. Amen. Product Safety Commission to provide RECOGNITION OF THE MINORITY greater protection for children’s products, to LEADER f improve the screening of noncompliant con- PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE sumer products, to improve the effectiveness The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- of consumer product recall programs, and for pore. The Republican leader is recog- The Honorable JON ESTER T led the other purposes. nized. Pledge of Allegiance, as follows: A bill (S. 2664) to extend the provisions of I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the the Protect America Act of 2007. f United States of America, and to the Repub- A bill (S. 2665) to extend the provisions of FEINGOLD AMENDMENTS lic for which it stands, one nation under God, the Protect America Act of 2007 until July 1, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. 2009. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, this afternoon we will indulge in a little bit f Mr. REID. I object, Mr. President, to any further proceedings with respect to of nostalgia with another vote on the APPOINTMENT OF ACTING Feingold bill to cut off funds for our PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE these bills en bloc. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- troops in Iraq. I don’t know what our The PRESIDING OFFICER. The pore. Objection is heard. The bills will friends on the other side expect to ac- clerk will please read a communication be placed on the calendar. complish, but if past experience is any to the Senate from the President pro The majority leader is recognized. guide, we already know the outcome. Last May, 67 of us voted against the tempore (Mr. BYRD). f The assistant legislative clerk read proposal to cut off funds for our troops the following letter: SCHEDULE in the field. Mr. President, 4 months U.S. SENATE, Mr. REID. Mr. President, following later, 70 Senators—3 more—voted PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, my remarks and those of my colleague, against it the second time. Two weeks Washington, DC, February 26, 2008. Senator MCCONNELL, the Senate will after that, 68 Senators voted against it To the Senate: resume consideration of S. 1200, the In- for a third time. And in December, 71 of Under the provisions of rule I, paragraph 3, dian Health Care Improvement Act. We us—more than three-fourths of the of the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby will have a series of probably only four Senate—voted no once again to cutting appoint the Honorable JON TESTER, a Sen- ator from the State of Montana, to perform votes, and those votes should start mo- off funds for troops in the field. the duties of the Chair. mentarily. So the outcome of the final vote on ROBERT C. BYRD, Following our caucus luncheons, the Feingold bill is obvious: The Sen- President pro tempore. there are three cloture votes with ate is on record not once but four times

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

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VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:56 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A26FE6.000 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1150 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 that it will not cut off funds while our Pending: The fact is, we ought to have a hear- troops are in the field. Vitter amendment No. 3896 (to amendment ing, but there has been no hearing. I All the more so will we oppose it No. 3899), to modify a section relating to lim- don’t understand what section B when the fight in Iraq, by all accounts, itation on use of funds appropriated to the means, nor does the author, I believe. is showing clear-cut tactical progress, Service. Having said all that, again, this is and now, at last, some important polit- Dorgan amendment No. 3899, in the nature not a debate about whether Federal of a substitute. dollars should be used for abortion ical progress is also apparent over in Smith amendment No. 3897 (to amendment Iraq. No. 3899), to modify a provision relating to services. Current law already prohibits This bill does give us an oppor- development of innovative approaches. the use of Federal funds for abortion tunity—an opportunity to step back Murkowski (for DeMint) amendment No. services, and the underlying bill con- and highlight the remarkable progress 4015 (to amendment No. 3899), to authorize tains a provision that relates to cur- that has been made in Iraq since the the Secretary of Health and Human Services rent law and continues the same pol- first time our friends proposed cutting to establish an Indian health savings ac- icy. off funds last May. It gives us a chance count demonstration project. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- Murkowski (for DeMint) amendment No. pore. All time has expired. The Senator to highlight why we were wise to reject 4066 (to amendment No. 3899), of a perfecting it even when the outcome in Iraq was nature. from Louisiana. unclear, much less now when progress Mr. VITTER. I ask unanimous con- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- is clearly being made. sent for 30 additional seconds. pore. The Senator from North Dakota. Two months ahead of another visit Mr. DORGAN. I will agree, provided I by General Petraeus and Ambassador AMENDMENT NO. 3896 am allowed 30 additional seconds fol- Crocker, we should acknowledge the Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I be- lowing Senator VITTER. heroic sacrifices of our men and women lieve by previous unanimous consent The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- in uniform and the important turn- the Senate will now consider the Vitter pore. Without objection, it is so or- around they have achieved in Iraq on amendment. dered. behalf of the American people. The The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- Mr. VITTER. Mr. President, I do this brave Iraqis who have stood with them pore. The Senator is correct. There are to ask the distinguished Senator about also deserve our praise. All of this is in 2 minutes of debate equally divided. the provision he is talking about. our Nation’s long-term security inter- The Senator from Louisiana. Maybe we can have a discussion about ests. Mr. VITTER. Mr. President, I strong- it rather than him vaguely alluding to The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- ly urge all of my colleagues to support it without pointing out the language pore. The majority leader is recog- this mainstream amendment. The and claiming nobody knows what it nized. Vitter amendment codifies the Hyde means. Mr. REID. Mr. President, I will make amendment and simply says in Indian Mr. DORGAN. Well, Mr. President, a statement prior to the Iraq votes, health care no taxpayer funds will be the appropriate place for that kind of and I will be happy to lay out why we used to support abortions, with the discussion would have been a congres- are doing this. We are doing this be- normal exceptions of the Hyde amend- sional hearing. That is where you dis- cause the majority of the American ment. cuss what provisions mean and how people recognize this war in Iraq is Up to now, this has been the practice they are written. costing huge amounts of money. Some and the law, but only because the In- The provision reads: As to provide or are saying now as much as $15 billion a dian health care law points to what- pay any administrative cost of any month. ever the current appropriations lan- health benefits coverage that includes But let’s say it is not that much. guage is on the subject in Labor, coverage of an abortion. Let’s say it is only the lower figure of Health, and Education. And so it is a I don’t understand what that means $10 billion to $12 billion a month. I met very tenuous policy that is subject to with respect to facilities or other yesterday with the Speaker and all the change and a vote and a change in pol- issues. There are a series of issues that 28 Democratic Governors, and they are icy every year. relate to that. And that is not, inciden- desperate for money to do what their This amendment will solidify that tally, just codifying the Hyde amend- States need in dealing with health policy. It will put the Hyde amendment ment, as the Senator alleges. This pro- care, infrastructure, and fighting in permanent Federal authorization vision doesn’t exist with the Hyde crime. They are desperate. Where is the law with regard to the Indian health amendment. This is something the money they need? It is going to Iraq in care act, just as was done decades ago Senator conceived of and added. the sum of about $400 million a day. in the Defense authorization bill. It is My point is, it ought to be the sub- So we are going to continue to debate a solid mainstream amendment, and I ject of a hearing. We don’t disagree on this because the American people know urge support from both sides of the the issue of Federal funding for abor- what is taking place, and I will discuss aisle. tion. We agree on that. But the Sen- this more fully right before the votes The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- ator has mischaracterized his amend- on the two cloture motions that have pore. The Senator from North Dakota. ment. been filed on the Iraq situation. Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, this is Mr. VITTER. Reclaiming my remain- not a debate about whether Federal ing time, that was language I pointed f dollars should be used for abortion out to the distinguished Senator 3 RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME services. Current law already prohibits weeks ago when I introduced my The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- that. I oppose Federal funding for abor- amendment and we discussed it. So I pore. Under the previous order, the tions, and I have supported the Hyde think it is a little disingenuous to leadership time is reserved. provision. But the Vitter amendment is bring it up at this point. completely unnecessary. f Mr. DORGAN. And, Mr. President, he First of all, we have a provision in indicated when he pointed it out to me INDIAN HEALTH CARE IMPROVE- the underlying bill that relates to the that this is why it was different than MENT ACT AMENDMENTS OF 2007 Hyde provision that applies to all other the Hyde amendment, which doesn’t The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- appropriations bills. But I do want to point to what he claims today. pore. Under the previous order, the say this: This is not a mainstream The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- Senate resumes consideration of S. amendment that everybody is clear pore. The question is on agreeing to 1200, which the clerk will report by about. In fact, there is a provision in the amendment. title. this amendment on page 2, section B. I Mr. VITTER. I ask for the yeas and The assistant legislative clerk read don’t know what it means, and I don’t nays. as follows: think Senator VITTER knows what it The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- A bill (S. 1200) to amend the Indian Health means. There have been no hearings, pore. Is there a sufficient second? Care Improvement Act to review and extend no discussion, yet onward through the There appears to be a sufficient second. that act. fog on amendments like this. The clerk will call the roll.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:56 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.001 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1151 The assistant legislative clerk called ship the United States holds with all struction priority system, and places them the roll. tribes. I ask my colleagues to support on the construction priority list upon enact- Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the the amendment to ensure that all Na- ment of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act. Senator from New York (Mrs. CLIN- tive Americans receive the health care The following projects have completed TON), the Senator from Connecticut they need and deserve. phase one and two of the current health fa- (Mr. DODD), and the Senator from Illi- Members should know it is unlikely cilities construction funding process: Wins- nois (Mr. OBAMA) are necessarily ab- that Native Americans in their States low Dilkon, AZ, Pueblo Pintado, NM, sent. are receiving construction funding for Bodaway-Coppermine, AZ, Gallup Indian Mr. KYL. The following Senators are Indian Health Service facilities. All Medical Center, NM, Alamo, NM, Albu- necessarily absent: the Senator from this does is say to the Indian Health querque, NM, Ft. Yuma, AZ, Rapid City, SD, Sells, AZ, Crown Point, NM, and Shiprock, Texas (Mr. CORNYN), the Senator from Service: Come up with a formula that NM. These projects should not be penalized Arizona (Mr. MCCAIN), and the Senator is fair. Otherwise, your State, the for following the rules by eliminating the old from Virginia (Mr. WARNER). tribes you represent, will receive noth- process and instituting a new ill-defined Further, if present and voting, the ing. funding system. Senator from Texas (Mr. CORNYN) Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I rise II. A LACK OF CONGRESSIONAL FUNDING CRE- would have voted ‘‘yea.’’ in opposition to Senator SMITH’s ATED CONTROVERSY OVER DISBURSEMENT OF The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- amendment, No. 3897, to the Indian HEALTH FACILITIES CONSTRUCTION DOLLARS pore. Are there any other Senators in Health Care Improvement Act, S. 1200, According to the Conference Report for the Chamber desiring to vote? and urge my fellow Senators to vote H.R. 2466, the fiscal year 2000 Interior appro- The result was announced—yeas 52, against this amendment. priations bill, the managers recognized the nays 42, as follows: This amendment would expressly au- need for a ‘‘base funding amount’’ for facili- thorize the Secretary of Health and ties: ‘‘Given the extreme need for new and [Rollcall Vote No. 30 Leg.] replacement hospitals and clinics, there YEAS—52 Human Services, HHS, to utilize a new should be a base funding amount, which Alexander DeMint McConnell ‘‘area distribution fund’’ methodology serves as a minimum annual amount in the Allard Dole Murkowski to allocate Indian Health Service, IHS, budget request.’’ Unfortunately, the man- Barrasso Domenici Nelson (NE) health care facilities construction, agers’ intent was never fulfilled, and funding Bayh Ensign Pryor HCFC, funding. levels have dropped consistently for several Bennett Enzi Reid years. Congressional funding for health care Bond Graham Roberts This approach could result in critical Brownback Grassley projects that are on the current IHS facilities construction has decreased from a Salazar high of $134,300,000 in fiscal year 1993 to $13 Bunning Gregg Sessions HCFC priority list from receiving fund- Burr Hagel million in fiscal year 2007. Shelby Byrd Hatch ing. These projects have been waiting Given the limited amount of funding, Smith Casey Hutchison for many years, and in some cases dec- tribes are now competing over an ever-de- Stevens Chambliss Inhofe Sununu ades, to receive funding. Furthermore, creasing pool of money for tribal health fa- Coburn Isakson cilities. Cochran Johnson Thune section 301 of the underlying bill, Coleman Kyl Vitter which the Smith amendment would III. THE CURRENT SYSTEM RIGHTLY HONORS Corker Landrieu Voinovich amend, represents the results of hours FUNDING FACILITIES BASED UPON A VOLUME Craig Lugar Wicker of bipartisan negotiations on this issue OF SERVICES Crapo Martinez throughout the last 2 years. While I un- Most of the health facility projects on the current priority list have been in the plan- NAYS—42 derstand Senator SMITH’s desire to pro- ning process for 20 to 30 years. These projects Akaka Feinstein Mikulski vide a possible avenue for his tribes to have done all that is asked of them including Baucus Harkin Murray receive funding, this amendment would Biden Inouye Nelson (FL) adapting to any new requirements imposed Bingaman Kennedy Reed undo the very delicate compromise on them midway through the planning proc- Boxer Kerry Rockefeller that was reached in the underlying bill. ess. Brown Klobuchar Sanders According to the IHS staff briefings, The current health facilities construction Cantwell Kohl Schumer priority system prioritizes projects based on Cardin Lautenberg Snowe the entire concept of an area distribu- tion fund does not guarantee that all several relevant factors such as volume of Carper Leahy Specter services provided; square footage needs; size; Collins Levin Stabenow IHS service areas receive HCFC fund- age; condition of existing facilities; demo- Conrad Lieberman Tester ing; instead, it creates a new criterion Dorgan Lincoln Webb graphics; population density; isolation; and Durbin McCaskill Whitehouse that must be used to determine IHS distance to inpatient, outpatient, and alter- Feingold Menendez Wyden HCFC funding priorities. The current native facilities. The current priority system favors pro- NOT VOTING—6 criteria utilized by IHS are focused on directing funding to the IHS areas in viding health facility construction dollars to Clinton Dodd Obama those facilities that will provide a large vol- Cornyn McCain Warner most need, where IHS patients are most isolated and least likely to have ume of services over 10 years. For example, if The amendment (No. 3896) was agreed a facility will serve 90,000 patient visits a access to care. This geographic cri- to. year, calculated over 10 years, then this terion does not represent good policy Mr. DORGAN. I move to reconsider amount would total 900,000 patient visits in a but simply an attempt to spread the the vote and to lay that motion on the 10 year period. The current system favors very paltry funding provided for IHS providing a volume of services that provides table. HCFC projects even more thinly based the most access to health care by the largest The motion to lay on the table was on location instead of need. Instead of pool of people and need. agreed to. playing games with the distribution On the other hand, any system that dis- AMENDMENT NO. 3897 tributes funding based upon equal distribu- formula, we in Congress should be tion among the Indian health care regions The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- working to ensure that there is ade- pore. There will now be 2 minutes of could not provide a sufficient volume of serv- quate funding for IHS HCFC projects so ices because some regions have larger native debate equally divided in relation to that the current backlog is addressed populations with less access to health care amendment No. 3897. and new projects from throughout the than others. In other words, fewer people The Senator from Oregon. country may be added. would be provided health care by more facili- Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, 8 years I note that Navajo Nation also ties. ago, Congress asked the Indian Health Keeping the current priority system would strongly opposes this amendment. The provide certainty and reinforce the work put Service and the tribes to revise a failed following discussion provides a sum- system for allocating facilities fund- into developing existing health facility mary of their concerns. projects. ing. The compromise they reached may I. CONGRESS SHOULD LEAVE THE CURRENT LAN- IV. DO NOT AUTHORIZE A VAGUE CONCEPT amount to nothing without this GUAGE OF SECTION 301 AS CONTAINED WITHIN amendment. That is why I feel so There is currently no consensus as to the H.R. 1328 AND S. 1200 UNCHANGED meaning or impact of an area distribution strongly about it. It is not only about The current language of section 301 fund. In fact, the Federal Appropriation Ad- one region or group of regions; this ‘‘grandfathers’’ in those health facility visory Board, the workgroup created by the amendment is about holding true the projects that have completed phase one and IHS to evaluate various facilities construc- government-to-government relation- two of the current health care facilities con- tion funding schemes, did not define the area

VerDate Aug 31 2005 04:10 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.003 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1152 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 distribution fund. It is at best only a concept to establish what is an area distribu- Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I move without a set methodology, structure, or any tion fund, moneys would be taken from to reconsider the vote and move to lay idea of what effects such a change may have the priority list. Many of the tribes on that motion on the table. on the current funding system. Randall that list have waited a long time for The motion to lay on the table was Gardner, Acting Director of the IHS Office of Environmental Health and Engineering, funding for facilities. If the Secretary agreed to. OHE, has referred to the area distribution begins to take money from that pri- AMENDMENT NO. 4015 WITHDRAWN fund as only a concept in need of further ority list and does an area-wide dis- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- evaluation. It would be the height of irre- tribution, it would be a serious prob- pore. There will now be 2 minutes of sponsibility for Congress to replace a known lem. I want to work with the Senator debate in regard to amendment No. system with the uncertainty of a concept from Oregon. We desperately need new 4015. without further investigation. and improved facilities. We need more Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, we have V. THE ISSUE IS ABOUT ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE money addressed to that. He is raising reached agreement, and I ask unani- AND NOT WHETHER TO BUILD ANOTHER HOS- the right question. I happen to believe mous consent that amendment No. 4015 PITAL it is the wrong answer. I regretfully be withdrawn. Some groups have argued that their IHS The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- service areas have not received much needed will vote against it. health facility funding. However, the statis- Mr. SMITH. I ask for the yeas and pore. Without objection, it is so or- tics, when weighed against isolated areas nays. dered. like Sells and the Navajo Nation, do not sup- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- AMENDMENT NO. 4066 port the need for another hospital in, for ex- pore. Is there a sufficient second? Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, we have ample, the Portland, California, Bemidji, or There is a sufficient second. also been in discussions with Senator Nashville service areas. According to the The question is on agreeing to DEMINT, and we are prepared—and I be- IHS, the Portland area has 218 hospitals pro- amendment No. 3897. The clerk will lieve it has been agreed to on both viding health services to 157,000 tribal mem- call the roll. bers. sides—to accept amendment No. 4066 The California, Bemidji, and Nashville The bill clerk called the roll. without debate. I ask unanimous con- areas are similarly situated with respect to Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the sent that the amendment be adopted. health care. In fiscal year 2001, California Senator from New York (Mrs. CLIN- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- tribal health programs had 119,362 registered TON), the Senator from Connecticut pore. Is there objection? users with 69,238 active users served by 438 (Mr. DODD), and the Senator from Illi- Without objection, it is so ordered. hospitals. The Bemidji area comprising Wis- nois (Mr. OBAMA) are necessarily ab- The amendment (No. 4066) was agreed consin, Minnesota, and Michigan, is made up sent. to. of 34 tribes with 90,000 individual patients Mr. KYL. The following Senators are Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, I want served by 494 hospitals. Finally, the Nash- to join my colleagues in strong support ville area, which is the largest service area, necessarily absent: the Senator from has a native population of 45,000 Indian peo- Texas (Mr. CORNYN), the Senator from of the Indian Health Care Improvement ple with access to over 1,000 hospitals. Arizona (Mr. MCCAIN), and the Senator Act. Today has been a long time in However, the Navajo Nation area, which is from Virginia (Mr. WARNER). coming. I want to particularly recog- as large as West Virginia, has 238,515 users Further, if present and voting, the nize the work of my friend Senator living on, or near, the reservation with ac- Senator from Texas (Mr. CORNYN) DORGAN, the chairman of the Indian Af- cess to only 6 hospitals. That is 1 hospital for would have voted ‘‘yea.’’ fairs Committee. We would not be here every 39,753 users. The need for more health today without his dedication and per- care facilities within the Navajo Nation area The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- is clear. pore. Are there any other Senators in sistence. Further, IHS statistics show that while the the Chamber desiring to vote? In 2004, the U.S. Commission on Civil Portland, California, Bemidji, or Nashville The result was announced—yeas 56, Rights issued a report on the Native service areas have not received any health nays 38, as follows: American health care system. One item facility construction dollars, the native peo- [Rollcall Vote No. 31 Leg.] in the report struck a very somber note ple in these areas have always had access to YEAS—56 with me. The report notes that as early superior health care. All Native Americans as 1926 the adequacy of the delivery of living within IHS areas also do not receive Akaka Ensign Murray health care to Native American was health facility dollars receive contract Alexander Feingold Pryor health care dollars that cover expenses in- Bennett Feinstein Reed formally questioned by the govern- curred at non-IHS facilities. Biden Gregg Reid ment. In response, a report was issued The current priority system rewards basic Bond Hatch Roberts 2 years later that sparked a host of Boxer Hutchison Schumer health care access over building redundant Brownback Isakson statements by the Federal Government hospitals in areas with many non-IHS facili- Shelby Byrd Kennedy Smith that the health status of Native Ameri- ties that can provide much needed health Cantwell Kerry Snowe cans was ‘‘intolerable.’’ Casey Klobuchar care services. Building another hospital in Specter Chambliss Kohl Unfortunately, the Commission notes the Portland, California, Bemidji, or Nash- Stabenow that much of the 1928 report remains ville service areas when the Navajo Nation Cochran Landrieu Coleman Lautenberg Stevens true today. It is indeed sad that in the and other IHS area have significant unmet Sununu Collins Levin 21st century Native Americans still do needs is redundant and inefficient use of fed- Corker Lincoln Vitter eral funds. Craig Lugar Voinovich not have the access to and quality of VI. CONCLUSION Crapo McConnell Whitehouse health care to which they are entitled. Wicker The current HCFC system now provides Dole Menendez As my colleague from North Dakota Durbin Murkowski Wyden funding to ensure that large populations has so poignantly illustrated time and without access to nearby hospitals receive NAYS—38 time again, there is a health care crisis health care facilities funding. The area dis- Allard Domenici Martinez in Indian country. Native Americans tribution fund concept has yet to be estab- Barrasso Dorgan McCaskill are 200 percent more likely to die from lished with any certainty as to its meaning Baucus Enzi Mikulski diabetes, 500 percent more likely to die Bayh Graham or impact. A new ill-defined system should Nelson (FL) from tuberculosis, 550 percent more not replace the existing priority system Bingaman Grassley Nelson (NE) without some study. Authorizing such a con- Brown Hagel Rockefeller likely to die from alcoholism, and 150 Bunning Harkin cept without investigating thoroughly the Salazar percent more likely to die from acci- Burr Inhofe Sanders overall effect of such a dramatic change to Cardin Inouye dents. Suicide is the second-leading Sessions how IHS health care facilities funded would Carper Johnson cause of death for Native American Tester be irresponsible. Coburn Kyl 1 Thune adolescents, 2 ⁄2 times the national av- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- Conrad Leahy erage. Native Americans have a life ex- DeMint Lieberman Webb pore. The Senator from North Dakota. pectancy nearly 6 years less than the Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I share NOT VOTING—6 rest of the U.S. population. the frustration of the Senator from Or- Clinton Dodd Obama That is unacceptable. And it is why egon, but I must oppose the amend- Cornyn McCain Warner it is so important that we pass the re- ment. We have a backlog of $3 billion The amendment (No. 3897) was agreed authorization of the Indian Health in facilities. If the Secretary chooses to. Care Improvement Act.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 04:10 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A26FE6.003 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1153 More than 1.8 million Native Ameri- them this bill which begins to reverse GAN and the Senate Indian Affairs cans and Alaska Natives rely on the In- the disparate health disparities that Committee have put into moving this dian Health Service for health care. exist. bill forward. It was not any easy proc- Since the act was first authorized in I do not expect that we will be able ess, but I commend the committee for 1976, the ways in which health care is to solve all of the health care chal- its ongoing dedication to significant delivered in this country have changed lenges that exist in Indian country consultation with Indian Country in enormously. The bill before us helps with this one bill, but I expect that we drafting this bill and seeing it through meet the contemporary needs of Indian will be able to make substantial to completion. country. progress in addressing some of the There are significant unmet needs in I believe that the inability of many most pressing needs and creating a Indian Country throughout this Na- Indian people to receive preventive and stronger system for the future. tion, and addressing the unmet health nonemergency care is one of the rea- Again, I want to recognize the ex- care needs ranks as one of the most sons why there are such significant traordinary work of Senator DORGAN in significant problems that we must ad- health disparities that exist between delivering a truly bipartisan bill that dress. The Federal Government has a Native Americans and the rest of the meets the urgent health care needs of longstanding and well-established trust U.S. population. In North Dakota, Native Americans in North Dakota and responsibility with regard to American when the IHS clinic closes at 5 p.m. on across the country. I urge my col- Indian affairs, and this trust responsi- the weekdays and is closed on the leagues to support this bill. bility extends to providing good health weekends, many go without care. I am Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, today the care to communities throughout Indian pleased the bill before us addresses this Senate will pass the Indian Health Care Country. For too long, the Federal Govern- challenge by establishing grants for Improvement Act of 2008. This bill ment has not lived up to its Federal demonstration projects including a would reauthorize and modernize the trust responsibility commitments, but convenient care services program to Indian Health Care Improvement Act I hope that passage of this legislation expand the availability of health care. which funds and authorizes health care will set the Federal Government on a It also has a renewed emphasis on dis- services and programs to Native Amer- course toward better supporting the ease prevention and health promotion. ican Indians and Alaska Natives and needs of our American Indian commu- The bill also takes important steps reaffirms our commitment to ensuring nities, whether they be health care, to provide training and incentives to that we meet our treaty and legal obli- education, or housing needs. While this increase the number of health care pro- gation to provide these communities bill is a vital step in the right direc- fessionals in Indian country, especially with access to quality health care. tion, we need to follow through with Native health care professionals who Reauthorizing the Indian Health Care fiscally responsible increased funding understand the unique conditions fac- Improvement Act has been long over- for the important programs authorized ing their own communities and can due. The last time the Congress reau- in this legislation. provide care with greater cultural thorized the Indian Health Care Im- This bill has the support of tribal awareness. At the University of North provement Act was in 1992, and this act governments throughout the United Dakota, three programs authorized by has been up for reauthorization since States, including the 11 tribes in my the Indian Health Care Improvement 2001. The Indian Health Service has not State of Wisconsin. I have heard from a Act—the Quentin N. Burdick Indians been updated for far too long. As number of constituents in Wisconsin Into Medicine, Indians Into Nursing, health care evolves and improves pro- about the need to pass this bill this and Indians Into Psychology Pro- grams must be modernized to reflect year. The improvements that the legis- grams—are recruiting increasing num- new advances in the health care sys- lation will make to various Indian bers of Native Americans into medical tem. The Indian Health Care Improve- Health Service programs including professional programs. Graduates of ment Act has not been modernized clinical programs on the various res- these programs are making a real dif- since 1992, 16 years ago, and is falling ervations throughout the State and ference throughout Indian country, and behind. We have a trust responsibility urban Indian programs in Milwaukee I am pleased these successful programs to provide health care to Native Amer- and Green Bay are significant, and it is are continued in the bill. ican Indians and Alaska Natives. We my hope that this bill will help im- It also includes much needed provi- have not met that responsibility. prove the quality of health care pro- sions to address the youth suicide cri- The disparities that exist between In- vided to American Indians living sis that exists throughout Indian coun- dian communities and other Americans throughout Wisconsin. try by authorizing grants to deliver are overwhelming. The life expectancy Health care is consistently the No. 1 more counseling and suicide prevention for Indians is almost 6 years less than issue that I hear about all over my services to tribal communities. the rest of this country’s population home State of Wisconsin. When I hold Finally, I am pleased my amendment and the suicide rate is 2.5 times higher my annual townhall meetings across to increase the use of video service de- than the national average. Death due the State, many people come to tell me livery to assist in the outreach and en- to alcoholism or tuberculosis is more about problems with our overall health rollment of individual Indians in Medi- than 600 percent more likely; and, Indi- care system, and data shows us that care and Medicaid was incorporated ans are 318 percent more likely to die these problems are often most acutely into the managers’ amendment. Re- from diabetes. These statistics are un- felt in Indian Country. Lack of access mote video access to government serv- acceptable and we need to continue to to good health care is a problem that ices has all the benefits of face-to-face ensure that we close the gap. disproportionately affects American communication, without the costs and The passage of this bill brings us one Indians throughout the United States. difficulties associated with traveling step closer to ensuring that the Indian According to recent studies, American long distances from rural and remote Health Service is adequately funded Indians and Alaska Natives are 200 per- reservations. To date, video service de- and that programs to address the cent more likely to die from diabetes, livery has allowed for more than 300 health care needs of these communities more than 500 percent more likely to completed applications for benefits, are available. die from alcoholism, and approxi- more than double what would be ex- Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, I am mately 500 percent more likely to die pected through conventional delivery pleased to support final passage of the from tuberculosis. methods. My amendment will allow for Indian Health Care Improvement Act Some may doubt whether this legis- the expansion of this successful effort Amendments of 2007. This bill is long lation is needed or whether it will real- to other reservations across the coun- overdue, and I hope that House works ly help improve the lives of Americans. try. expediently to move this bill forward The staggering statistics that high- We have been working on reauthor- so that we can get this bill to the light the health care disparities faced ization of the Indian Health Care Im- President and signed into law. by American Indians show just how im- provement Act for a number of years. I Throughout the Senate’s work on perative it is that we pass this legisla- think Native Americans have waited this bill, I have been impressed with tion, which is long overdue. These sta- long enough and it is time we deliver the bipartisan work that Senator DOR- tistics also help illustrate the vast

VerDate Aug 31 2005 04:10 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.022 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1154 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 amount of work that remains to be years past, I have joined with my col- beyond health care issues into issues of done to improve the quality of health leagues to urge the Senate to restore improving economic development, edu- care in American Indian communities funding for urban Indian programs to cational opportunities, and affordable beyond passage of this legislation. Nev- the Federal budget for fiscal year 2009, and safe housing opportunities, and I ertheless, this bill takes an important and I hope this year the Senate can hope we can continue to work together first step toward addressing these also provide a much-needed boost in in a bipartisan way to pass other im- health care disparities through the funding for the urban Indian programs. portant measures this year. Together, many reforms it makes to Indian I voted for an amendment offered by tribal nations throughout all our health care programs. For example, Senators SMITH and CANTWELL that States can work closely with the Fed- modernizing Indian Health Services would permit, but not require, the Sec- eral Government to address the vast programs through this legislation will retary of HHS to create an area dis- array of these unmet needs. Passage of help to address the diabetes and suicide tribution fund to allocate funding re- the Indian Health Care Improvement crises that exist on reservations—just sources for IHS facilities construction Act Amendments of 2007 today provides two examples of the many health care to all 12 of the IHS service areas. I have an important foundation going for- issues that impact the daily lives of heard a lot of concern from tribes in ward, and it is up to all of us to see American Indians across the country. my State of Wisconsin about the way that this foundation is strengthened in Reauthorization of this bill will help that construction facility funds are al- the coming months and years. encourage health care providers to located and the fact that certain IHS Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I wish practice at facilities in Indian Country service areas, including the Bemidji re- to take a few minutes to talk about the and encourage American Indians to gion covering Wisconsin, do not fare vote we had earlier today on an amend- enter the health care profession and well under the current system. I recog- ment offered by Senator VITTER to the serve their communities. Recruiting nize that there needs to be an overall Indian Health Care Improvement Act. talented and dedicated professionals to boost in the appropriations for IHS fa- Senator VITTER described his amend- serve in IHS facilities, whether urban cilities construction to help tribes cur- ment, which was adopted by the Sen- or rural, is a key challenge facing rently on the construction priority list ate, as codifying a longstanding policy many tribal communities in Wisconsin as well as those tribes that cannot even that prohibits Federal funds from being used to pay for abortions. and around the country. I hope these get on the current list, and I look for- I agree that Federal funding should provisions will help bring additional ward to supporting fiscally responsible not be used to pay for abortions. I have dedicated doctors, nurses, and other efforts to boost funding for various IHS always supported the existing funding health care professionals to our tribal programs, including this one. But in prohibition known as the Hyde amend- populations. the meantime, we should explore op- ment that has been added in the appro- This bill also reauthorizes programs portunities to address innovative solu- priations process every year since 1976. that assist urban Indian organizations tions to this problem, and this amend- That being said, I opposed Senator with providing health care to American ment takes a reasonable approach to VITTER’s amendment because the Indians living in urban centers around addressing this problem. Any efforts to amendment would only codify the Hyde the country. The Urban Indian Health create an area distribution fund should amendment with respect to the Indian Program represents a tiny fraction of involve significant consultation with Health Service. I think we should apply the Indian Health Services budget, but tribes throughout Indian Country, and the same standard to all Federal health the small amount of resources given to I am pleased this amendment makes programs and not set up a separate the urban programs provides critical clear that such consultation would be standard that only applies in Indian health services to those Indians living required. Country. in urban areas. Contrary to what some I also voted for amendment 4032, of- Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, the people may think, the majority of fered by the Senator from Oklahoma, next vote will be a vote on final pas- American Indians now live in urban because it is critically important that sage. I will take just 30 seconds. areas around the country, including sexual assault victims be able to find I do want to say that Senator MUR- two urban areas in my State—Mil- out whether they have been exposed to KOWSKI has helped get us to this point waukee and Green Bay. Throughout HIV. However, I am concerned about in a very significant way. As to Sen- our Nation’s history, some American the way that the amendment was ators BAUCUS, GRASSLEY, KENNEDY, Indians came to urban centers volun- drafted. If there is a conference on this ENZI, KYL—and especially Senator tarily, but many were forcibly sent to bill, I would urge conferees to consider REID, who allowed us to spend time on urban areas as a result of wrongheaded making this provision consistent with the floor on this bill—and the 31 co- Federal Indian policy in the 1950s and the existing provision governing the sponsors of the legislation, I thank all 1960s and have since stayed in urban testing of defendants in Federal cases, of them. areas and planted roots in these com- 42 U.S.C. section 14011, or at a min- I thank Allison Binney, the majority munities. imum to clarify how it would relate to staff director, and David Mullon, the As a result of this movement to that law. I also would urge them to en- minority staff director, and the really urban centers, Congress created the sure that the new provision complies talented group of staff members who urban Indian program in the late 1970s fully with the requirements of the worked very hard on this legislation. I to address the growing urban Indian fourth amendment. say a hearty thank-you to them. population around the country. The Mr. President, Indian Country has Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- Federal Government’s responsibility to made many compromises in order to sent that a list of all their names be American Indians does not end simply move this bill forward, and passage of printed in the RECORD. because some American Indians left this bill is long overdue. The Senate’s There being no objection, the mate- their ancestral lands and moved to actions today mark an enormous vic- rial was ordered to be printed in the urban locations—particularly when tory for Indian Country, and I hope RECORD, as follows: some of them had little choice in the that the House will quickly take this Indian Affairs (Democratic staff) matter. bill up so that we can get this bill Allison Binney (Staff Director), Ted While this legislation takes impor- signed into law by the President this Charlton, Cindy Darcy, Heidi Frechette, tant steps toward improving urban In- year. John Harte, Tracy Hartzler-Toon, David Hol- land, Jerci Powell (intern), Eamon Walsh, dian health care programs, we need to This bill takes concrete and positive Rollie Wilson. do much more to support these urban steps toward addressing some of the Indian Affairs (Republican staff) programs, including fighting for in- health care needs facing American In- David Mullon (Staff Director), Megan creased appropriations. I have been dis- dian communities around the country, Alvanna-Stimpfle, Jim Hall, Rhonda Harjo, appointed that the President has pro- and I look forward to working with my Gerald Moses, Jonathan Murphy. posed zeroing out the urban Indian pro- colleagues to build on this legislation Finance Committee (Senator Baucus’ staff) gram in past budgets, and unfortu- in the coming months and years. Chal- Catherine Dratz, Michelle Easton, Deidre nately, the President’s budget request lenges facing American Indians Henry-Spires, Richard Litsey, David for fiscal year 2009 is no different. As in throughout the United States extend Schwartz, Russ Sullivan.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 04:10 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.042 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1155 Finance Committee (Senator Grassley’s staff) The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- Mr. KYL. The following Senators are Becky Schipp, Rodney Whitlock. pore. The Republican leader is recog- necessarily absent: the Senator from Democratic Policy Committee (DPC) nized. Texas (Mr. CORNYN), the Senator from Kory Caro, Liz Engel, Ryan Mulvenon. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, let Arizona (Mr. MCCAIN), and the Senator HELP Committee (Senator Kennedy’s staff) me add my congratulations to Senator from Virginia (Mr. WARNER). DORGAN and particularly Senator MUR- Further, if present and voting, the David Bowen, Caya Lewis, Lauren McFarran, Peter Romer-Friedman, Tanchia KOWSKI for their excellent work in put- Senator from Texas (Mr. CORNYN) Terry, Portia Wu. ting together this very important piece would have voted ‘‘yea.’’ HELP Committee Staff (Senator Enzi’s staff) of legislation. I commend them both The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- for outstanding work. pore. Are there any other Senators in Greg Dean, Shana Christup, Katherine McGuire, Randy Reid (Senator Enzi’s Legis- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- the Chamber desiring to vote? lative Director), Amy Shank. pore. The majority leader is recog- The result was announced—yeas 83, Senator Reid’s Leadership staff nized. nays 10, as follows: Carolyn Gluck, Kate Leone, Darrel Thomp- ORDER OF PROCEDURE [Rollcall Vote No. 32 Leg.] son, Marcela Zamora. Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- YEAS—83 Senator Kyl’s staff imous consent that notwithstanding Akaka Dorgan Menendez Alexander Durbin Mikulski Jennifer Romans. the previous order, the Senate recess from 12:30 to 2:25 p.m. for the weekly Barrasso Ensign Murkowski Baucus Enzi Mr. DORGAN. It has been 8 years caucus lunches; that at 2:25 p.m. the Murray now that we should have advanced this Bayh Feingold Nelson (FL) Senate begin the 20 minutes of debate Bennett Feinstein legislation to improve Indian health Nelson (NE) prior to a vote on the motion to invoke Biden Grassley Pryor care, and after 8 long years we finally Bingaman Hagel Reed cloture on the motion to proceed to S. Bond Harkin have it done—at least through the Sen- 2633 as provided under the previous Reid Boxer Hatch Roberts ate after this final passage vote. I say Brown Hutchison order, with all other provisions of the Rockefeller thanks to all of my colleagues for their Brownback Inouye previous order remaining in effect; fur- Salazar Bunning Isakson patience and also their help. Sanders ther, that if cloture is not invoked, the Burr Johnson I yield the floor to Senator MUR- Schumer next rollcall vote on the motion to in- Byrd Kennedy KOWSKI. Cantwell Kerry Shelby voke cloture on the motion to proceed Smith The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- to S. 2634 occur at 4 p.m, with the Sen- Cardin Klobuchar pore. The Senator from Alaska. Carper Kohl Snowe ate in a period of morning business Specter Ms. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I, Casey Kyl until 4 p.m., with the time equally di- Chambliss Landrieu Stabenow too, want to thank so many who have Stevens vided and Senators permitted to speak Cochran Lautenberg done so much to advance this legisla- Coleman Leahy Tester up to 10 minutes each. tion. Very rarely do we see an oppor- Collins Levin Thune So, Mr. President, because of prob- Conrad Lincoln Voinovich tunity for Indian bills of any nature to lems that sometimes come here with Craig Lugar Webb receive floor time, so I want to thank scheduling, we are going to bifurcate, Crapo Martinez Whitehouse all our colleagues to be able to debate Dole McCaskill Wicker but it will only be for about 50 min- Domenici McConnell Wyden this very important issue with them. utes. We will have about 50 minutes of NAYS—10 I thank especially Chairman DORGAN morning business until the vote at 4 for his leadership on this legislation. o’clock. I appreciate everyone’s co- Allard Graham Sununu He has mentioned so many who have Coburn Gregg Vitter operation. Corker Inhofe participated throughout the years, in- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- DeMint Sessions cluding the staffs, but we also need to pore. Is there objection? NOT VOTING—7 recognize the leadership of the former Without objection, it is so ordered. chairman, Senator Ben Nighthorse Clinton Lieberman Warner Under the previous order, the Dorgan Cornyn McCain Campbell, and, of course, Senator substitute amendment, as amended, is Dodd Obama MCCAIN, Senator DORGAN, Senator agreed to. The bill (S. 1200), as amended, was INOUYE—so many who have done so The amendment (No. 3899), as amend- much. passed. ed, was agreed to. (The bill will be printed in a future I also want to acknowledge the Na- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- tional Tribal Steering Committee for edition of the RECORD.) pore. The question is on the engross- Mr. DORGAN. I move to reconsider their efforts—great tribal leaders com- ment and third reading of the bill. the vote, and I move to lay that mo- ing together to advance this very im- The bill was ordered to be engrossed tion on the table. portant legislation. for a third reading and was read the The motion to lay on the table was I have a long list of thank-yous, but third time. agreed to. truly it has been a great effort, and we The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- Mr. REID. Mr. President, the Senate appreciate the leadership on both sides pore. The bill having been read the has taken an important step today by in advancing this legislation. third time, the question is, Shall it passing S. 1200, the Indian Health Care The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- pass? Improvement Act Amendments of 2007. pore. The majority leader is recog- Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I ask I am now pleased to join the other 30 nized. for the yeas and nays. cosponsors of this legislation in send- Mr. REID. Mr. President, the one The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- ing it to the House for their consider- thing both of these Senators did not pore. Is there a sufficient second? ation. mention is the wonderful work they There appears to be a sufficient sec- When signed into law, this legislation have done. The chairman and ranking ond. will: member of the Indian Affairs Com- The clerk will call the roll. mittee were able to reach out to Mem- increase and improve recruitment and re- The legislative clerk called the roll. tention programs for Indian health profes- bers on both sides of the aisle. This is Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the sionals; truly a bipartisan piece of legislation. Senator from New York (Mrs. CLIN- improve communicable and infectious dis- Is it everything we wanted? Is it every- TON), the Senator from Connecticut ease monitoring and provide for more re- thing they wanted? No. But it is a good (Mr. DODD), the Senator from Con- search on issues unique to those living on piece of legislation. For the Indians necticut (Mr. LIEBERMAN), and the Sen- reservations; around America today, it is a really ator from Illinois (Mr. OBAMA) are nec- improve and expand diabetes screening and bright day. So I appreciate the good essarily absent. treatment programs; expand programs to prevent domestic vio- work of Senators DORGAN and MUR- I further announce that, if present lence, sexual abuse, and substance abuse, in KOWSKI, who have done very good work. and voting, the Senator from Con- Native American communities; Mr. President, I am happy to yield to necticut (Mr. LIEBERMAN) would vote incorporate and encourage the use of tech- my friend. ‘‘yea.’’ nology in delivering health care services and

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:56 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A26FE6.007 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1156 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 providing treatment, which is so important The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- MURKOWSKI and I made it a priority for to our rural Indian communities; pore. The Senator from North Dakota. this committee to say: We have to fix and encourage States to increase outreach Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I wish this situation. This is not some option. to Indians to help them to enroll in Medicaid to say a few words about this vote, and The promise of health care means if we and SCHIP programs. then I am going to ask unanimous con- do not keep this promise, people will This legislation is supported by a sent that Senator MURKOWSKI be recog- die. I have named some of those people, broad, bipartisan coalition, those in In- nized, then Senator ENZI, Senator some of them children. dian Country, and many organizations FEINGOLD, and Senator BOXER. I believe We have to do better. And this vote that advocate for eliminating dispari- Senator ENZI is going to ask for 10 min- today, a very significant vote in the ties in health care. utes, Senator FEINGOLD 20 minutes, and Senate, an overwhelming vote, 90 per- I would like to take this opportunity Senator BOXER 15 minutes. I ask by cent of the Senate saying we agree, to acknowledge the support and leader- unanimous consent that be the order. let’s fix it, that is something I think is ship of particular Senators and their The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- going to be unbelievably welcome news staffs. pore. Without objection, it is so or- to American Indians all across this The bill managers have been strong dered. country today. It has been a long time and articulate advocates for the bill, Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I will coming, 16 years, but finally—finally— and shown great flexibility. take a couple of additional minutes to we made progress, and I believe this I commend Senator DORGAN and his say how pleased and proud I am that progress will save lives. staff, particularly Allison Binney, we have passed by a very wide margin Mr. President, I thank Senator MUR- Cindy Darcy, Heidi Frechette and Ben the first improvement in Indian health KOWSKI who has been an enormous Klein. care since 1992. These, after all, are the partner in trying to get this bill com- I commend Senator MURKOWSKI and first Americans. They were here first. pleted. As I close, I will mention our her staff, including David Mullon and We signed treaties with them, we took staff director, Allison Binney, also Ted Nathan Bergerbest. their land, we put them on reserva- Charlton, Cindy Darcy, Heidi I commend Senator BAUCUS, and his tions, made promises, and we have a Frechette, John Harte, Tracy Hartzler- staff, particularly David Schwartz and trust responsibility. We said ‘‘we prom- Toon, David Holland, Jerci Powell, Richard Litsey; and Senator GRASSLEY ise.’’ The fact is, we have not kept Eamon Walsh, and Rollie Wilson on our and his staff, including Rodney those promises for a long time, espe- side; and David Mullon, staff director Whitlock, who have insisted on im- cially with respect to Indian health on the minority side, Megan Alvanna- provements in the administration of care. Stimpfle, Jim Hall, Rhonda Harjo, Ger- Indian health programs. Finally, at long last, this Congress— ald Moses, Jonathan Murphy, and so I commend Senator KENNEDY and his and thanks to Senator REID and all the many others. staff, particularly Caya Lewis, and folks who allowed this to be on the Those people I have named have Senator MIKE ENZI and his staff, in- floor of the Senate for the time that it worked a lot. They worked behind the cluding Randi Reid, Shana Christrup, was—we finally have made some scenes, long hours, late at night, and Greg Dean and Amy Shank, who helped progress, the first time since 1992 that on weekends to help make this pos- us negotiate many difficult issues. we have reauthorized the Indian Health sible. I say a heartfelt thanks to them On my staff and part of the Demo- Care Improvement Act. This is a big for their wonderful work. cratic leadership team, I commend deal. This will save lives. We have I yield the floor. Kate Leone, Carolyn Gluck; Kory more steps to take. The House has a The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- Vargas Caro, Elizabeth Engel, and bill with which it has to deal. It will, pore. The Senator from Alaska. Ryan Mulvenon. and we will be in conference, and fi- Ms. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I I want to say a special word of nally we will be able to have a bill be- rise to recognize the passage of the In- thanks to Tracy Hartzler-Toon, who fore the President of the United States dian Health Care Improvement Act. I has worked tirelessly for over a year to for his signature in this year. again thank the majority leader and help make today possible. I have spoken at length. I know peo- minority leader for committing floor She has served me, the Indian Affairs ple are tired of hearing me. The Pre- time for this bill. Rarely have Indian Committee, and the Senate very well. siding Officer is from Montana. He and bills received time on the Senate floor, And most importantly, she has served I held a hearing on the Crow Indian but this is one that is very important the residents of Indian Country exceed- Reservation in Montana. We heard an to the well-being of our country’s Na- ingly well. earful about Indian health. I have held tive people that the attention it has I also thank my colleagues, the Re- listening sessions around the country been given by the Senate is more than publican leader, Senator MCCONNELL, in different States with Indian tribes. I justified. and his health policy advisor, Megan cannot tell you the number of stories I I thank my colleagues for their com- Hauck, and Senator JON KYL, and par- have heard that had me going away mitment in considering this legisla- ticularly Jennifer Romans, for their from these meetings shaking my head tion, addressing the issues, and sup- agreement and commitment to see that wondering: What on Earth can we do to porting our efforts to improve health this bill finally received its due consid- fix this situation? How much will it care services for American Indians and eration. take for us to fix this situation? Alaska Natives. Lastly, I want to acknowledge the I recall a grandmother on the Crow As with many bills, the provisions support of the late Senator Craig Reservation, MT, standing up with a fall under more than one committee’s Thomas of Wyoming. Before he passed beautiful picture of her 5-year-old jurisdiction. The Committee on Indian away last year, his leadership on the granddaughter who had died. After es- Affairs, on which I serve as the vice Indian Affairs Committee was helpful sentially a rather lengthy story, she chairman, has shared this bill with the in bringing the Senate to this moment. asked: How do you justify this, a young Finance and HELP Committees, and With the help of so many, both in the girl spending the last 3 months of her both of these committees have worked Capitol and around the country, we life in unmedicated pain because the in earnest to assist us in crafting a bill have taken an important step toward health care system does not work for to carry the Indian health care system providing Indian Country some of the that young girl? The stories go on and into the 21st century. health care services that many in the on. I am fortunate to have a chairman on rest of this Nation have enjoyed for I am convinced we must do better, the Indian Affairs Committee—Senator years. and I am determined and it was my pri- DORGAN—with whom I share a close I urge the House to take quick action ority when I became chairman of this working relationship. We both have on H.R. 1328, the companion bill to committee to finish this job. I know significant populations of Native peo- what we passed today, so we can get Ben Nighthorse Campbell worked hard ple in our States with similar issues this important legislation to the Presi- on it, and Senator MCCAIN, when he and challenges in many areas such as dent’s desk and make these services a was chairman of the committee, health care, education, housing, eco- reality. worked hard on it. Finally, Senator nomic development and transportation.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:56 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.010 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1157 We have had numerous opportunities to the committee during Senator Ben We talked about the funding issue to work together in our committee, Nighthorse Campbell’s tenure. and how we must make that next step particularly on youth suicide preven- Rhonda Harjo has been the lead Re- to make sure it is not just what we put tion and treatment and telemedicine. I publican staff member of the com- in the authorization, but we back that truly appreciate his persistence and mittee for Indian Health Care Improve- up with the dollars for the programs. dedication in advancing this bill. ment Act reauthorization since 2003. We have a long way to go, but I think Senators GRASSLEY and BAUCUS have Indian country takes pride in her devo- we have made a very significant step also worked with us closely to advance tion to the betterment of her Native today. I am proud of the work of my this measure through the Finance people and I share that pride today. colleagues today and those who came Committee last year which reported I also wish to acknowledge the ef- before us on this very important issue. the bill out favorably in both the 109th forts of Jim Hall and Jon Murphy and ‘‘EXXON VALDEZ’’ OILSPILL and 110th Congresses. I also wish to two Alaskans who recently joined the Mr. President, I wish to take a few recognize their staff Rodney Whitlock, committee—Gerald Moses and Megan minutes this morning to talk about to- Becky Shipp, and David Schwartz, who Alvanna-Stimpfle—in preparing this morrow because tomorrow the United worked so closely with the Indian Af- bill for floor consideration. States Supreme Court will hear the ap- fairs staff on this bill. I also acknowledge the tireless ef- peal of the ongoing litigation between Likewise, Senator ENZI, in his capac- forts over the past 8 years of the Indian ExxonMobil and commercial fishermen ity as chairman and now as ranking tribal and health care leaders and ad- and other plaintiffs whose livelihoods member of the HELP committee— vocates across the U.S. in helping de- were negatively impacted, devastated, worked very diligently on this legisla- velop the legislative proposal which in fact, by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil- tion to refine key pieces of the legisla- served as the basis for this bill. In par- spill. The Exxon Valdez ran aground on tion during the 109th Congress and ticular, the National Tribal Steering Bligh Reef at 12:04 a.m. on March 24, again this year. Greg Dean, Shana Committee, consisting of tribal leaders 1989. It spilled 11 million gallons of Christrup, Randi Reid and Amy Shank and Indian health representatives, oil—this is about the same size as 125 devoted countless hours of work with brought together the diverse interests Olympic-sized swimming pools—di- the Indian Affairs Committee to work of over 560 tribes across the country to rectly into Prince William Sound in out issues, which I appreciate. I espe- a consensus on this very important Alaska. The oil from the spill migrated cially appreciate the leadership and measure. several hundred miles from Bligh Reef commitment of Senator KYL. He has That is no small task and it was han- and polluted roughly 1,300 miles of one of the largest Indian populations in dled dutifully by the cochairs of the Alaskan shoreline. There were 11,000 his State. His commitment to Indian National Tribal Steering Committee, square miles of ocean that were ulti- issues was reflected by his continued Chairman Buford Rolin of the Poarch mately affected by this spill, which is involvement and that of his staff, Jen- Band of Creek Indians in Atmore, Ala- believed to be the worst oilspill world- nifer Romans, in working out issues to bama, Rachel Joseph, former Chair- wide with respect to environmental advance this bill. woman of the Lone Pine Paiute-Sho- damage. We must not forget that this bill re- shone Tribe, in Lone Pine, California, Regrettably, the spill area is still af- flects the work of our dear colleague and staff, Kitty Marx from the Na- fected some 19 years later. In 2001, the and my predecessor, the late Senator tional Indian Health Board. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad- Craig Thomas, who held the reins as Three key Alaska Native leaders ministration studied the shoreline of vice chairman last year. He eagerly played significant roles on the Na- Prince William Sound for any remain- pursued efforts to improve health care tional Tribal Steering Committee: ing effects of the spill. Scientists re- services for all American Indian com- Sally Smith, the chairman of the Na- viewed 91 sites within Prince William munities, including those in his home tional Indian Health Board and the Sound and found that 58 percent of State of Wyoming on the Wind River Bristol Bay Area Health Corporation; these locations were still polluted by Indian Reservation, and it is most fit- Don Kashevaroff, the president of the oil. Again, this is 19 years after the ting that we will honor his work with Seldovia Village Tribe and chair of the fact. Some estimates note that beaches the passage of this bill. I pointed out Tribal Self-Governance Advisory Com- and streams in this area are still pol- on the floor yesterday, in the 109th mittee; and Valerie Davidson from the luted with over 25,000 gallons of oil. Congress, Senator MCCAIN made a Alaska Native Tribal Health Consor- Of course, the fisheries in Prince Wil- great effort to reauthorize the act in tium. I appreciate their leadership and liam Sound were affected. The herring his role as chairman of the Indian Af- thoughtful consideration in the devel- fishery in this area experienced a dra- fairs Committee. Before that, Senator opment of this legislation. matic decrease in the years imme- Campbell, who also served as chairman A lot of good work went into this bill diately after the 1989 spill. As of 2007, of the Indian Affairs Committee, car- and our efforts should not go in vain. I the herring fishery had not improved ried this legislation since the 106th look forward to working with my to the pre-1989 levels. Another example Congress as the original sponsor, along House colleagues and getting this bill is what has happened with the value of with Senator INOUYE, until Senator on to the President’s desk for signa- the fisheries permits in this part of the Campbell’s retirement in 2004. ture. State. In 1988, a fishing permit in Between Chairmen Campbell and Mr. President, we had a brief oppor- Prince William Sound was worth MCCAIN in the 108th and 109th Con- tunity to express our thanks to those $400,000. As of 2004, the value of each gresses, there were 8 hearings on the who have worked so hard on the reau- such permit was less than $70,000, a reauthorization, including joint hear- thorization of the Indian Health Care drop of more than 82 percent. ings with the HELP Committee and Improvement Act. Again, my sincere There was a class action jury trial with the House Resources Committee. thanks and gratitude to Chairman held in Federal court in Anchorage, Our efforts had also great help from DORGAN for all that he has done. AK, in 1994. The plaintiffs at that time my good friends Senators STEVENS, This is a good day for Indian country, included over 30,000 commercial fisher- DOMENICI, SMITH, COCHRAN, HATCH, and for Alaska Natives who are just waking men, among those whose livelihoods THUNE. These Senators have been long- up back home right now. They are were gravely affected by the disaster. time friends of our country’s Native going to wake up to news that they The jury awarded $5 billion in punitive people, and I want to acknowledge have been waiting to hear for a good damages to the plaintiffs. This punitive their dedication in promoting Amer- decade: that finally we have advanced damage award has been on repeated ap- ican Indian and Alaska Native health. the Indian Health Care Improvement peal by ExxonMobil since that time. On The Republican staff of the Senate Act. We have taken that step. We rec- December 22, 2006, the Ninth Circuit Committee on Indian Affairs has wait- ognize this is not the end-all and be-all Court of Appeals reduced the punitive ed a long time for this day to come. in terms of providing for the health damage award to $2.5 billion. In early David Mullon, the Republican staff di- care needs of American Indians and 2007, ExxonMobil petitioned the Ninth rector and chief counsel, and Rhonda Alaska Natives. We know we need to do Circuit for a rehearing en banc. Within Harjo, the deputy chief counsel, came more, and we are challenged to do that. a few months, the Ninth Circuit denied

VerDate Aug 31 2005 04:10 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A26FE6.010 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1158 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 this petition and ExxonMobil appealed ple and very little land. To come up we do them evolutionarily. So I put to- to the Supreme Court. Unfortunately, with a one-size-fits-all is not possible. gether 10 pieces, any one of which gets in this intervening time period, with This bill takes care of all of those peo- us closer to having every American in- years and years of litigation bringing ple wherever they are and under the sured. All 10 would get every American delay in resolution, we have had sev- circumstances they are under, and it insured. So I hope people will take a eral thousand plaintiffs pass away does meet the promise that was given. look at it. since this litigation began. It culminates 15 years of work that Today, I am just going to focus on Due to the limitations in admiralty should have been done 15 years ago, but one step; that is, the first, and that is law with respect to the recovery of because of the diversity, it was ex- equalizing the tax insurance treatment compensatory damages, many Exxon tremely difficult to do. And the chair- for all Americans, not just the ones Valdez plaintiffs were not able to re- man and the ranking member, working who get health insurance at work. I en- cover the financial losses they sus- together, were able to pull that to- courage everyone watching to look at tained in the aftermath of this spill. So gether. So I congratulate both of them my Web site, enzi.senate.gov, to learn the punitive damages that are under for their efforts and their capability of more about all the steps of the bill. consideration by the Supreme Court working with everybody in this body, Again, I emphasize that these are bi- will provide them that level of com- with probably about 100 amendments partisan ideas people have given me. pensation. that were thought about, though not Because the chairman of the com- Once the Supreme Court decided to all were offered. The solutions, the mittee has been so involved in the edu- hear this case, I joined with Senator ways to solve a lot of those problems cation portion—and we are making STEVENS and Representative YOUNG in are included in the bill. I think it is a progress on the education portion, hav- submitting an Alaska congressional very good bill, and they deserve a lot of ing sent several pieces to the President delegation amicus brief to the U.S. Su- credit for the way they worked on it already, and we are going to finish the preme Court. In that brief, we argue and the effort they put into it and the higher education bill, and we are going that the award of punitive damages in result they got. I am looking forward to finish No Child Left Behind—I have this case of reckless and wanton con- to getting it resolved on both ends of been given the flexibility to look into duct by Exxon not only is permissible the building and the President signing this health care area. The chairman under the Clean Water Act, but it is it, and I congratulate both of them. and I sat down and worked on prin- supported by Federal maritime law. I do rise today, however, to talk ciples of health care, and then I have Only punitive damages will provide about finding other solutions to our sought to get ideas from both sides of those who were harmed—and who con- health care crisis. That is a part of it. the aisle and incorporated them as tinue to be harmed—with the justice We have extended the children’s health much as I can into 10 steps. and the fair compensation they de- insurance plan until March of 2009, so Before I go into the details of step 1, serve. that part has been partly solved, but I wish to say a few things about the en- This litigation needs to end. Nine- my wife Diana and I travel to different tire proposal. teen years is far too long for these parts of Wyoming most weekends, and If the Ten Steps bill were to become plaintiffs to wait to be compensated for the No. 1 issue on people’s minds is law, the end result would be an insur- their loss of income. I am hopeful that their health care. They all ask me ance card for everyone. Now, lots of the Supreme Court will rule in favor of what I am going to do to make sure people have insurance cards—Members the plaintiffs in this case, and I, along they have the health care they need. I of Congress have them, people who with so many Alaskans, look for a final am able to tell them a lot of things I work for big companies have them, the resolution to this great tragedy that am working on, but I am not able to kids in Wyoming who participate in occurred to us as a State some 19 years tell them very much about things actu- the State Children’s Health Insurance ago. ally getting accomplished. This trou- Program have them. Lots of people Mr. President, I yield the floor. bles me because our constituents de- have them, and most of those people f serve our help. It is time for real ac- who have insurance cards are happy tion, and I hope we are able to do some- with the care they are getting. They do MORNING BUSINESS thing on health care this year. not want change. And the bill doesn’t The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- As the senior Republican on the Com- change that. If you have an insurance pore. Under the previous order, there mittee on Health, Education, Labor card now, you can keep that card and will be a period of morning business and Pensions, I spend a lot of time keep getting the exact same care you until 12:30 p.m., with the time equally working on health care issues. I have are getting. The problem is the 47 mil- divided and controlled between the two spoken to this body many times about lion or so Americans who don’t have an leaders or their designees. a bill that I am working on, that I have insurance card. My bill gives all those The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- been working in conjunction with any- people cards. If they can’t afford the pore. Under the previous order of the body in this Chamber who is interested cards because they are low income, this Senate, the Senator from Wyoming is in health care, and trying to pull to- bill helps them by giving them the recognized for 10 minutes. gether the idea so that we can do some money they need to purchase the insur- f things in health care, any one of which ance card. The bottom line is that ev- would help us to get closer to a solu- eryone has a card and everyone will be EQUALIZING THE TAX TREAT- tion for all Americans. able to get the care they need. MENT OF HEALTH INSURANCE The bill I have put together is one So how does the bill get everyone an Mr. ENZI. Mr. President, I wish to called Ten Steps to Transform Health insurance card, and will we bust the congratulate the Senator from North Care in America. That will fix many of budget in the process of getting every- Dakota, Mr. DORGAN, and the Senator the common complaints I hear from one an insurance card? The bill won’t from Alaska, Ms. MURKOWSKI, on the my constituents. Why ten steps? Well, bust the budget. It won’t be free, but it piece of legislation we just passed. It is I have discovered over the course of the won’t bust the budget. So how is this extremely critical to a number of peo- years I have been in this Chamber that possible? Well, in order to understand ple in the United States, the Native if you try to put together one massive how the bill works, it is important to Americans. comprehensive bill that solves every- review a few facts about the history of It was an extremely difficult piece of thing, you will have one piece that 5 health insurance in this country. legislation to do because it is such a di- people don’t like, another piece 8 peo- Right now, about 60 percent of the verse group of people. There are Native ple don’t like, another 11 people don’t folks under age 65 are getting their Americans who are living in cities, like, and another 3 people don’t like, health insurance through their job. there are Native Americans living on until pretty quickly you are at 51 votes The question is why. Why are 60 per- reservations, and there is even a dif- and you can’t get the bill done. When cent of Americans getting their health ference in reservations because there you try to do something comprehen- insurance through their job? Well, the are some that have a lot of land and a sively, it often looks revolutionary. short answer to that question is, be- few people, and some have a lot of peo- And we don’t do things revolutionarily; cause of the way employer-sponsored

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:56 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.013 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1159 health insurance is treated for tax pur- accesses to care. Everyone should be we are trying to provide additional poses. treated equally. flexibility in how the troops are rede- Our current health insurance system I hope we can move forward quickly ployed. And we are also making doubly is biased toward employer-based cov- on making these changes so that every clear that at no point will funding be erage due to a historical accident. American can get health insurance. It denied to the troops—they will con- During World War II, we had wage is time for real action. We need to do tinue to be fully funded throughout controls. Wage controls increased com- something. It isn’t necessary to wait their redeployment. petition among employers for recruit- for the end of a Presidential election to If there is no end date for redeploy- ing the best employees, and health care solve basic problems for the American ment, then (what is to stop the admin- incentivized employers by allowing people. These 10 steps will take care of istration keeping troops there indefi- them to offer health benefits instead of a lot of things. We can do any one of nitely? The answer is that, after 120 prohibited wage increases. them and make a difference now and days, troops can only remain in Iraq In 1954, Congress codified a provision show that Congress can get things for the narrowly defined purposes in declaring that such a contribution done. the bill. Because these exceptions are would not count as taxable income—an Mr. President, I yield the floor. so narrow, the bill removes any incen- added incentive. This tax policy made The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- tive for the President to delay or ‘‘slow it very favorable for individuals to get pore. The Senator from Wisconsin is walk’’ redeployment. their health benefits through their em- recognized. Now, some on the other side are ar- ployers and consequently has penalized f guing that this new bill is tougher than individuals who get their coverage previous versions, because the funding through the individual market. COMPREHENSIVE REPORT ON AL- restriction kicks in sooner, in 120 days. We must eliminate the unfair tax QAIDA Of course, these are the same people treatment of health insurance, which Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, the who oppose any limitations on the war, will expand choices in coverage and Senate will vote later today in relation so I don’t take their arguments too se- give all Americans more control over to two bills I recently introduced with riously. I suspect they haven’t actually their own health care. Majority Leader REID addressing the read the new bill, or they would realize The Joint Committee on Taxation es- war in Iraq and the disastrous toll it that the bill is quite a bit more flexi- timated that removing this tax bias— continues to take on our top national ble, for the reasons I just mentioned. and a few related health care tax poli- security priority, the global fight Right now, the administration is con- cies—would save the Federal Govern- against al-Qaida. sidering various ‘‘drawdown’’ plans, all ment $3.6 trillion over the next 10 Many of my colleagues have ex- of which would leave well over 100,000 years. That is a lot of money—even pressed concern that the exhausting troops in Iraq through the end of the around here, that is a lot of money— rate of deployments in Iraq and the re- year. That would continue to require that can and should be used to expand sources we are committing to that an exhausting rate of deployments that choices and access and give individuals country are undermining our ability to we simply cannot afford—for our mili- more control over their health care. protect ourselves at home and respond tary readiness, our fiscal bottom line, Ten Steps ensures that every Amer- to dangers abroad, including the dete- and our national security. ican can benefit from this savings riorating situation in Afghanistan and This administration has put Iraq whether they get their health care the global threat posed by al-Qaida. first for too long. In an effort to from their employer, from the indi- While we all hope that the recent de- refocus our national priorities, the sec- vidual insurance market, or they de- cline in violence in Iraq will hold, last- ond bill Senator REID and I have intro- cide they want to get off of Medicaid ing stability remains elusive and there duced with Senators BOXER, BROWN, and switch to private insurance. So is a serious danger that our troops will BYRD, CARDIN, CASEY, CLINTON, DODD, how does the bill do this? The plan remain mired in Iraq while our ability HARKIN, LAUTENBERG, LEAHY, MENEN- gives all Americans who have at least a to combat al-Qaida elsewhere and pro- DEZ, OBAMA, SCHUMER, and WHITE- certain amount of health insurance a tect ourselves at home continues to de- HOUSE, would require the administra- standard deduction. The national teriorate. tion to come up with a strategy to above-the-line standard deduction for Senator REID and I have introduced wage a comprehensive, global cam- health insurance would equal $15,000 two bills to address these problems paign against al-Qaida, without under- for a family and $7,500 for an indi- head-on. One of these bills, S. 2633, is mining our military readiness. The leg- vidual. The bill also gives low-income similar to legislation we have offered islation, S. 2634, does this by requiring folks a tax credit equal to $5,000 for a before. I am pleased that this bill is a comprehensive report from the Secre- family or $2,500 for an individual. The also cosponsored by Senators BOXER, taries of Defense, State and Homeland subsidy amount phases out as income BROWN, BYRD, CARDIN, CLINTON, DODD, Security, working in coordination with gets higher, so folks won’t be eligible DURBIN, HARKIN, LEAHY, MENENDEZ, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of for the subsidy at all, but everyone is OBAMA, SANDERS, SCHUMER, Staff and the Director of National In- eligible for the standard deduction. Be- WHITEHOUSE, and WYDEN. It requires telligence. The report will examine the cause the bill takes this hybrid ap- the President to safely redeploy U.S. threat posed by al-Qaida and affiliates proach to coupling the standard deduc- combat troops from Iraq with very nar- around the world and recommend ways tion proposal with the tax credit pro- row exceptions. Effective 120 days from to ensure that our national security as- posal, no particular population is ad- enactment of this bill, U.S. troops sets are properly deployed to address versely affected. The Tax Code would could only remain in Iraq for the fol- this threat. To be clear, I am not just no longer penalize folks who don’t get lowing purposes: conducting targeted talking about military assets, we also their insurance through their job. military operations against al-Qaida have intelligence, diplomatic and other Let me be clear. My goal is not to and its affiliates, providing security for assets that we need to use to defeat al- erode employer-based health insurance, U.S. personnel and infrastructure, pro- Qaida. We can’t just rely on boots on given that Ten Steps does not alter the viding limited training of Iraqi Secu- the ground—we need to use all of the way employers treat health insurance. rity Forces, providing equipment and other facets of U.S. power, including Rather, I wanted to provide more op- training to our own troops, and con- aggressive public and private diplo- tions for individuals who don’t cur- tinuing to redeploy from Iraq. macy, to counter al-Qaida. rently have insurance through their Unlike previous legislation I have of- Some of the information called for in employer. Correcting a flawed tax code fered, this bill does not have an end this bill will probably need to be con- would make it easier for working date for redeployment. Some of my col- tained in a classified annex. But there Americans to buy health insurance. leagues who oppose the war have ex- is no reason the administration cannot Jobs don’t need health insurance, peo- pressed concern about Congress setting also provide a public report identifying ple need health insurance. American such a date, and in drafting this legis- in broad terms the threat we face and families who aren’t insured through lation we have tried to address their how to respond to it. The American their employers should have the same concerns. By not including an end date, public should be kept as informed as

VerDate Aug 31 2005 04:10 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.014 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1160 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 possible about how we are protecting consin, and over the January and Feb- were likely to come from that part of them from the number one threat we ruary recess I held some 30 meetings in the world. It is worth mentioning that face. some of the most conservative parts of this is the same exact warning we re- I know some of my colleagues do not the state. I didn’t bring up Iraq at ceived from the July 2007 NIE, which want to be talking about Iraq again. I those January meetings because I assessed that al-Qaida has regenerated know some of them complain that we wanted to see whether it was still a and reconstituted itself in the Paki- spent too much time debating Iraq last major concern, particularly with these stan-Afghanistan border region. year and I know some of them have audiences. And guess what, in every The administration has made mat- concerns about whether now is the single meeting, they brought it up with ters worse by associating itself with an right time to bring these bills up for a me. And they didn’t just bring it up, undemocratic, authoritarian regime in vote. But we cannot allow the focus on they asked what we are doing to bring Pakistan, one that the Pakistani peo- Iraq to fade because violence has de- home the troops. But I had to tell them ple, finally given the chance to make clined in parts of Iraq. It is true vio- that, instead of getting out of Iraq, we their voices heard, roundly rejected. In lence levels are down to where they will likely be sending one-third of the return for questionable anti-terrorism were in 2005, but Iraq is still extremely members of the Wisconsin National assistance, we have given the and unacceptably violent, as it was in Guard back to Iraq next year, many of Musharraf regime billions of dollars, 2005. Violence has risen in Mosul and in whom have served within the last 2 or not to mention the cost to our credi- the south, and U.S. casualty rates in 3 years. bility, and to our ability to build January were higher than in December. They will be torn from their family, strong, sustainable partnerships in All is not calm in Iraq, as the adminis- their jobs, their communities, to be put Pakistan. tration would have you believe. in harm’s way, all in order to create Our endless presence in Iraq is dis- Moreover, the surge has not brought space for a political reconciliation in tracting us from these core threats to Iraq any closer to legitimate political Iraq that is always just over the hori- our national security. Instead of danc- reconciliation at the national level— zon. They will not be there to protect ing around these vital concerns, we and it may, in fact, have undermined the people of Wisconsin in the event of need to address them head on and that the prospects for such reconciliation in an emergency, nor will they be rein- is why we need a strategy for defeating the long term. The President’s policies forcing our troops in Afghanistan, who al-Qaida and its affiliates around the have empowered former insurgents and face what one recent report described globe. We need a strategy which identi- militia-infiltrated security forces with as a ‘‘stalemate’’ in fighting al-Qaida’s fies the gravest threats to our national questionable loyalties. By supporting ally, the Taliban. Like Americans all security and makes recommendations sheiks in al Anbar—and elsewhere—we across the country, the people of Wis- for addressing them with both military may have reduced violence in the near consin don’t think this makes sense. and nonmilitary initiatives. I know there is no silver bullet to de- term, but only by making it more dif- They want an end to our involvement feat al-Qaida. But it has been made ficult to achieve national reconcili- in this war in Iraq, and they want to very clear to Congress, and to the ation in the long run. The Director of know what’s stopping us from making American public that if we are to pro- National Intelligence, or DNI, testified it happen. tect ourselves at home, there must be a this month that many Sunnis who par- This administration has been so dis- dramatic shift in how we order our na- ticipate in local security initiatives re- tracted by Iraq that it has neglected to tional priorities. We cannot continue main hostile to the Shi’ite leaders in address the top threats to our national with the current agenda. We must Baghdad, and that some of those lead- security. It has allowed security condi- refocus not just so we have the capac- ers see the Sunnis we are supporting as tions in Afghanistan to deteriorate tre- ity to respond to other contingencies mendously, to the point where former ‘‘thinly disguised insurgents’’ who are abroad but also because our heavy foot- NATO Commander General Jones re- plotting against them. Mr. President, print in Iraq makes us more vulnerable cently concluded that we are in a we cannot, and should not, ask our at home. brave men and women in uniform to re- ‘‘strategic stalemate.’’ I need hardly We need to rebuild our domestic re- solve these sectarian disputes. Military remind my colleagues that this is the sponse capability, which has been se- operations are not a substitute for a country from which al-Qaida launched verely compromised by repeated de- viable political settlement, and the the 9/11 attacks, and where it continues ployments of our National Guard. As American people are simply not willing to operate. long as we keep over 100,000 troops in While agreeing to provide 3,200 U.S. to leave our troops on the front lines Iraq we will have to continue to deploy indefinitely in hopes that some day troops to Afghanistan, Secretary Gates Guard units in a manner that com- such a settlement will arrive. has also requested additional ground promises their ability to prepare for Recent gains in Iraq are tactical suc- troops from our allies. If our allies are domestic incidents. Deployments to cesses at best, devoid of an overarching unwilling to provide those troops or Iraq have left those responsible for pro- strategy to integrate local worsening conditions require addi- tecting us at home with, on average, powerbrokers into a broader national tional troops, it is far from clear that only 56 percent of the essential ‘‘dual- framework. Our presence has only we will have the forces we need in Af- use’’ equipment needed to respond to a added to the complexities in Iraq as we ghanistan without further undermining domestic incident. meddle in local dynamics and con- military readiness and homeland secu- Indeed, the National Guard Bureau tribute to internal divisions and sec- rity. estimates that it is facing a $47 billion tarian tensions. Keeping a significant Across the Afghan border, in Paki- equipment shortfall, including a $20 military presence in Iraq will not bring stan, things are also looking bad. The million shortfall in equipment needed lasting stability to that country. In- Director of National Intelligence testi- to respond to a chemical, biological, or deed, the Iraqi people and the Iraqi par- fied recently that ‘‘al-Qaida’s central radiological incident at home, notwith- liament continue to oppose an open- leadership based in the border area of standing the fact that it is the stated ended U.S. military presence in their Pakistan is al-Qaida’s most dangerous intention of al-Qaida to pursue such country, which is something they have component.’’ The DNI also said that weapons. The Commission on the Na- in common with the American people. since the middle of 2006, there has been tional Guard and Reserves concluded Keeping our troops in Iraq will not an influx of ‘‘new Western recruits’’ that ‘‘[b]ecause our nation has not ade- solve Iraq’s problems, and it won’t help into this part of the world, an indica- quately resourced its forces designated us address the growing threat posed by tion that al-Qaida is ‘‘improving the for response to weapons of mass de- al-Qaida around the world. It makes no last key aspect of its ability to attack struction, it does not have sufficient sense to devote so many of our critical the United States: the identification, trained, ready forces available.’’ resources and so much of our attention training, and positioning of operatives (Disturbance in the Visitors’ Gal- to one country, rather than to the for an attack in the homeland.’’ His leries). global fight against al-Qaida. testimony closely echoed his warnings The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- Every year, I hold town hall meet- from almost a year ago when he noted pore. The Sergeant at Arms will re- ings in each of the 72 counties of Wis- that future attacks against our nation store order in the Senate.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:56 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A26FE6.012 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1161 The Senator may continue. sistent with common sense and our na- thing that was asked of them to the The Commission characterized this tional security because the war in Iraq point where the President said ‘‘mis- as an ‘‘appalling gap.’’ I whole- has not made us safer. It has made us sion accomplished.’’ But, no, the troops heartedly agree. This is unacceptable vulnerable. The war in Iraq has not re- are there. They are suffering. Believe more than 6 years after 9/11, and is duced the influence of al-Qaida. Actu- me, there is no end in sight because I clear evidence that our national secu- ally, it has made al-Qaida a hero, un- personally asked our Secretary of rity priorities need to be reexamined fortunately. It has been seen as one of State Condoleezza Rice how long she, and realigned. the best recruiting tools of al-Qaida. I at the time, thought we would be in Rather than giving the National want to get al-Qaida, and that is what Iraq. She said she couldn’t answer. I Guard the $47 billion it needs, the Senator FEINGOLD’s bills will result in said: How much do you think we will President has asked for another $100 because we will refocus our attention have to spend? She couldn’t answer. billion for operations in Iraq in 2008 on capturing bin Laden and getting al- What kind of administration comes for- alone, in addition to the $86 billion we Qaida. ward with a war and has no way out? have already appropriated. If we don’t We are in a quagmire in Iraq. We are RUSS FEINGOLD is saying: All right. significantly draw down our troops in told that quagmire will go on indefi- We won’t set an end date. We will Iraq this year, we will end up spending nitely. I believe it is undermining our change the mission to get our troops another $170 billion in Iraq next year. national security. It is undermining out of harm’s way. Let them continue The Army Chief of Staff has stated our economic security. When I tell you to train Iraqis. Let them go after al- that our current rate of deployment is what it is costing, it is a stunning Qaida. Let them protect our forces unsustainable, and a recent survey of number. It has diverted critical re- there and our personnel there. But get military officers found that 88 percent sources from the hunt for Osama bin them out of the business of kicking believe the demands of the Iraq war Laden. He has been at large more than down doors in Iraq. We have lost so have ‘‘stretched the U.S. military dan- 6 years. And despite the administra- many of these brave men and women, gerously thin.’’ tion’s rhetoric, our own intelligence and so many are coming home who will There are other costs to the war in agencies again are telling us that the never be the same. Iraq, Mr. President, and they are con- war in Iraq is proving to be a critical We have this war based on shifting siderable. The war is simultaneously recruitment and fundraising tool for missions. The President said: Mission deepening instability throughout the the terrorists we want to beat. accomplished. DICK CHENEY said we are Middle East, undermining the inter- We see a toll on our military. We in the last throes. But it goes on and national support and cooperation we hear phrases such as a ‘‘death spiral.’’ on under shifting rationales, going on 5 need to defeat al-Qaida, and providing The Washington Post reported that long years. Will it be another 5 years? They will not tell us. Will it be another al-Qaida and its allies with a rallying Army and Marine officials refer to the 10 years? They will not tell us. cry and recruiting tool. readiness death spiral that senior offi- Some of this administration’s sup- That is why I am offering, with Ma- cers warn puts our Nation at risk. porters say it will be 50 years. Some jority Leader REID, legislation to rede- Why? Because we lack the strategic re- say it will be 100 years. How many ploy our troops and refocus our na- serve of ground forces to be able to re- brave men and women will die in addi- tional priorities. It is our job to listen spond to crises throughout the world. tion to those who have already died? This single-minded focus on Iraq and to the American people, to save Amer- How many will be wounded? There are the ever-changing mission there is not ican lives, and to protect our Nation’s no answers. security by redeploying our troops making us stronger. It is making us Will we spend $1 trillion? Will we from Iraq because the President will weaker. We now see that suicide at- spend $2 trillion, $3 trillion? No answer. not. tempts among U.S. troops have reached The toll is too high already. Thousands This war is exhausting our country, a record high, a sixfold increase since dead, tens of thousands injured, $10 bil- straining our military, and distracting 2002. And while promising junior offi- lion a month for Iraq. us from our top national security pri- cers are leaving the military at record The Nation’s Governors met with the orities. Even with the recent decline in rates, we hear that the services are President yesterday. On a bipartisan violence in Iraq, the American people lowering their standards to meet re- basis they asked to see increased know the war is misguided and they cruitment goals. They are recruiting spending on America’s crumbling roads continue to call for its end. They know convicted felons now, people convicted and highways and bridges. They said it we need to do a better job of protecting of sex crimes, people convicted of mak- would help our struggling economy, ourselves at home and fighting al- ing a false terror threat, assault with a and we can’t grow economically if we Qaida abroad. I urge my colleagues to deadly weapon. We are taking felons don’t have an infrastructure. I am vote yes on both of these Feingold-Reid into the military. This is wrong for our chair of the Public Works Committee bills so we can finally heed their call to Nation. of the Senate. My friend, Senator action. Once upon a time we were told that INHOFE, and I do not agree on the war I yield the floor. this Iraq war was about weapons of in Iraq, but we certainly agree that we The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- mass destruction that Saddam Hussein need to have an infrastructure. The pore. The Senator from California. was hiding, and it was about also President said: No, there is no money. Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I am Saddam’s ties to al-Qaida. Our military There is only money for Iraq, an open proud to rise in support of Senator did its job. They found out there checkbook, $10 billion a month. We FEINGOLD’s two bills. The first bill re- weren’t weapons of mass destruction, can’t fix our falling bridges. The $10 quires that the President begin the safe and our intelligence people did their billion a month is equivalent to $2.5 redeployment of U.S. troops from Iraq job. They said there were no al-Qaida billion a week, $357 million a day. within 120 days. There is no end date cells in Iraq at the time of 9/11. For less than the cost of 3 months in for redeployment. It only starts the re- Then we were told the war was about Iraq, we could enroll every eligible deployment. It includes exceptions for getting rid of Saddam and liberating child in America in the Head Start pro- missions against al-Qaida, force protec- Iraq from that brutal tyrant. Our mili- gram for 1 long year. For the cost of 1 tion, and training. The second bill re- tary did that. Then we were told the month in Iraq, we could provide after- quires that the administration provide war was about holding elections and school care for our kids for 4 years. For to Congress a full report outlining a promoting democracy. You remember the cost of 2 weeks in Iraq, we could comprehensive global strategy to de- President Bush in his flight suit with provide health insurance for a year to feat al-Qaida and its affiliates. big words ‘‘mission accomplished.’’ 6 million uninsured kids. Last year we As someone who voted to go get bin Well, there were many missions accom- asked the President to help us with Laden after 9/11, I am dismayed that plished. There were no weapons of mass children’s health. He said no. He vetoed this President has turned away from destruction. There were no ties to al- that critical investment. He just said that mission and put so much into an Qaida. We got Saddam Hussein. We got no to the Governors on rebuilding the ill-fated war in Iraq. Senator FEINGOLD his relatives. Three elections were roads and highways. Open checkbook is proposing a policy for us that is con- held. Our military did every single for Iraq; closed checkbook for America.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:56 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.015 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1162 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 Do you remember when the Presi- have given us a breathing space. Yet under his command have brought about dent’s then-Budget Director, Mitch the Iraqi Government is just making a tectonic shift in Iraq that has altered Daniels, told us the war in Iraq would changes around the edges. the course of the war there and, with cost no more than $60 billion? He was We have trained 440,000 Iraqis mili- it, the future of at least two great na- wrong. Paul Wolfowitz assured us Iraqi tarily. Imagine, 440,000 Iraqis. Why tions—Iraq and the United States of revenue would pay for the war. No, we can’t they defend themselves? Coun- America—and the lives of hundreds of remember there were a couple in the tries defend themselves. We have given millions of people in those two nations administration who said the war might so much in blood, in tears, in sweat, in and so many others threatened by vio- cost as much as $200 billion. They were dollars, in commitment, in trust. After lent jihadist terrorists in the Middle ridiculed. The President’s most recent the elections last year, I thought the East and beyond. supplemental request for Iraq was $200 President would come to the table When the surge first began a year billion in itself, bigger than the stim- when the Democrats took over and said ago, many doubted that the violence ulus package we just passed. The Presi- we wanted to end the war. We thought then raging in Iraq could be brought dent has spent more than a half trillion he would come to the table. We were under control. Even as American dollars on his failed policy, and there is wrong. He did not come to the table. troops began implementing this bold literally no end in sight. I think we He is continuing this war, no end in new counterinsurgency strategy, some need to remember this is all borrowed sight, no plan to get out. opponents of the war inside and outside money. The cost of interest on Iraq-re- When I asked that question to of Congress declared that the war in lated debt is $23 billion a year for fiscal Condoleezza Rice, I was stunned. She Iraq was already ‘‘lost,’’ that the surge year 2008 alone. The President’s policy said: I can’t answer the question of how had already been ‘‘tried and failed,’’ is being paid for on a credit card, and long we will be there. I can’t answer and that it mattered more, frankly, we are sticking my grandchildren and the question of what it will cost—as if that we get out of Iraq than that we yours with the tab. I didn’t have a right to ask the ques- succeed in Iraq. The cost of a barrel of oil has tripled tion. That is why I am sent here. They could not have been more wrong. Thanks to the surge, the brav- since the war began, much to the ben- I represent, along with Senator FEIN- ery and skill of American and Iraqi efit of countries such as Russia, Sudan, STEIN, 37 million people. We have taken and Iran. According to the Joint Eco- a hit on soldiers killed. We have taken troops and the will of the Iraqi people nomic Committee, if you factor in the a hit on soldiers burned. We have taken to be free from terrorists, conditions cost of the oil, the President’s policy in a hit on soldiers permanently disabled. on the ground in Iraq have been totally transformed from those of a year ago. Iraq has already cost the average fam- So you better know I am going to ask A year ago, al-Qaida in Iraq was en- ily $416,500, and no end in sight. these questions. trenched, in control of, exercising mur- It needs to stop. We are hem- Today, Senator FEINGOLD is saying: orrhaging money. The waste in this derous control in Anbar Province and Let’s get started. Let’s start telling Baghdad. Now those evil forces of war is beyond disgraceful. We spent $32 the Iraqis, by our actions not just our million for a base in Iraq that was Islamist extremism are facing their words, that they have to step up to the single greatest and most humiliating never built. We paid a contractor $72 plate. defeat since 2001. million to build a barracks for the po- We have to make a choice as a na- This is not just my opinion. It is a lice academy in Baghdad and instead tion. matter of fact. In Baghdad, a fact: sec- got a building with giant cracks snak- Is it time for America? It is time for tarian killings are down 95 percent in ing through newly built walls and our families, for our soldiers, for our the last year; suicide bombings are human waste dripping from the ceiling. children, for our grandchildren? down nearly 70 percent; IED attacks That is from a report. The administra- Or is it time to continue this open- have been cut nearly in half. tion loaded $9 billion in cash on to pal- ended commitment to a war without an In the face of those extraordinary im- lets and shipped it into Iraq where it end, a war that has no plan of ever end- provements in Iraq—and many more I promptly disappeared. ing, a war that is tying our hands in will speak of in a moment in the social I ask you: Imagine what would hap- this recession? and political and economic life of that pen if $9 billion disappeared from one I say it is time for a change in Amer- great country—however, antiwar forces of our cities. The people responsible ica. It is time to vote for the Feingold here in America have reacted not with would be in prison. But in Iraq, the bill and start bringing our troops sighs of relief and gratitude but, in- President shrugs it off. home. stead, by doing everything in their When the President vetoed the Water Mr. President, I yield the floor. power to downplay or diminish our Resources Development Act, he said it The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- hard-won gains in Iraq. lacked fiscal discipline. He said it pore. The Senator from Oklahoma. Rather than admit the possibility wasn’t fiscally responsible. I would ask f that they had been wrong about the rhetorically: Not fiscally responsible to surge and about the capability of rees- ORDER OF PROCEDURE maintain our waterways and keep our tablishing security in Iraq, they, in- commerce moving in this, the greatest Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, I ask stead, reached for another rationale for Nation in the world? This, coming from unanimous consent that at the conclu- retreat. What they argued was the lack a President who inherited a budget sur- sion of Senator LIEBERMAN’s remarks I of political progress in Iraq and, there- plus and turned it into a huge debt, be recognized for 15 minutes. fore, that the surge had failed. with the largest budget deficits in his- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- But this argument has also now been tory as well, and money for Iraq every pore. Without objection, it is so or- defeated by facts on the ground in Iraq. day, every hour, every minute, no end dered. In the first place, the Iraqi people in sight, billions missing, billions on The Senator from Connecticut. have taken over their local and provin- bases that were never built. It is Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I cial governments in a grassroots up breathtaking. The President and his thank the Chair and my friend from democratic revolution. At the national supporters shrug it off. They don’t even Oklahoma. level, a response is occurring. It took address it. It is unbelievable. The sky f too long, but it is now significant. is the limit. But when it comes to in- Benchmark legislation has surged for- vesting in America or extending the IRAQ ward in the Iraqi Parliament. The stimulus for seniors and disabled vets, Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I budget law, passed; the we are told: Sorry, we need to show fis- rise to speak against the measure in- debaathification law, passed; the pro- cal discipline. Thank goodness we were troduced by Senator FEINGOLD. vincial powers and election law, passed; able to get that through above the It has been only a year since GEN the amnesty law, passed. President’s objections. David Petraeus arrived in Baghdad and Thanks to the surge, the Sunni Our own military leaders tell us time took command of American forces in Arabs, who once constituted the core of and time again there is no military so- Iraq. But in these brief 12 months, he the insurgency, have now risen, be- lution. God bless our soldiers. They and the American and coalition troops cause we stood by them, to join with us

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:56 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.017 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1163 and go ahead on their own to fight threat of violent jihadist terrorism. We shall pay any price, bear any burden, against al-Qaida and put al-Qaida—the But this argument goes that the spon- meet any hardship, support any friend, op- same al-Qaida that attacked us on 9– sors of this kind of resolution feel com- pose any foe, in order to assure the survival 11–01—on the run. pelled to offer it to show antiwar and the success of liberty. Thanks to the surge, the Shiites, who groups in the United States that they In my opinion, that is exactly what had turned in desperation to militias have not forgotten them. we are doing in Iraq today. and death squads for protection from I refuse to believe that. I refuse to I ask my colleagues: Do these words al-Qaida and Iranian-backed extrem- believe—I do not believe it—that my have meaning, have significance or are ists, are now rejecting those militias, colleagues would so trifle with the these just words? I think of President Harry Truman, death squads, and extremists. They honor of American soldiers who have who proclaimed, at the outset of the want a better, more peaceful life for served and are serving in Iraq—too Cold War: themselves and their families. And the many of whom have given their lives in It must be the policy of the United States American-led surge has put that within that service—or they would play such a to support free peoples who are resisting at- their reach. political game with our national secu- tempted subjugation by armed minorities or Last week, Moqtada al-Sadr an- rity. I respect my colleagues too much by outside pressures. nounced he is extending his unilateral to take this legislation as anything Are these too just words? Isn’t that cease-fire. He did not do this as a favor other than what it says. It orders a re- exactly what is happening in Iraq to the United States of America or the treat within 120 days. today? The people of Iraq, liberated Maliki Government in Baghdad. He did It actually imposes so-called caveats from the terrible dictatorship of Sad- it because in Iraq today, thanks to the on American forces after that 120 days, dam Hussein, hoping to secure a better surge, and all that has been part of it, which are exactly the kind of caveats, future for themselves, now, with our the rules of the game have changed. Vi- limitations, on what they can do that assistance and encouragement, ‘‘are re- olence and extremism are no longer the we are now arguing with our European sisting attempted subjugation by clear path to power in Iraq. In fact, allies to stop in Afghanistan. In Af- armed minorities’’—read here: al- they are becoming the path to political ghanistan, some of our NATO allies are Qaida—‘‘or by outside pressures’’—read oblivion in Iraq. The people of Iraq there, but they can only do certain here: Iran. Are these just words? I hope want peace and stability and hope. things. They cannot enter into battle, not. I do not believe they are. What then has been the reaction of et cetera. They cannot go out into the There was a time when these were antiwar groups here at home to these field with the Afghani National Army. not just words, but they were the con- enormous achievements in Iraq? Are We are saying you cannot fight a war victions that lay at the heart of the they now ready to admit they were that way. Democratic Party’s foreign and na- wrong about the surge? Even if they Listen to what one section of this tional security policy. were opposed to the war in Iraq in the matter before us offered by the Senator The legislation now before this first place, are they now ready to ac- from Wisconsin says. Our troops, after Chamber, if implemented, would not, knowledge that we are there, we are the 120 days, can provide training to in my opinion, only betray our friends succeeding, and it would be wrong and members of the Iraqi Security Forces in the Middle East, it would not only hurtful to the United States for Con- ‘‘provided that such training does not betray America’s own vital national in- gress to force a retreat now that would, involve members of the United States terests against our deadliest enemies, in Churchill’s terms, ‘‘snatch defeat Armed Forces taking part in combat al-Qaida and Iran, it would also betray from the jaws of victory’’? operations or being embedded with the best ideals of the Democratic Party To judge by the resolution now be- Iraqi forces.’’ that I joined decades ago. fore us, the answer to that question is That is a caveat, a limitation, ex- They were strong and liberal ideals, no. On the contrary, even as the facts actly what we are arguing with our Eu- and I use those words intentionally. on the ground have changed so much ropean allies to stop doing in Afghani- Presidents Roosevelt, Truman, and for the better, the resolution before us stan. Kennedy, great Democratic Senators offers the same familiar prescription The fact is, the legislation, this such as Hubert Humphrey and ‘‘Scoop’’ for retreat and surrender—ordered by measure now before this Chamber, flies Jackson, believed that the party stood Congress, not by our military leaders in the face of the recommendations of for being liberal at home and liberal in the field or here at home—and it or- our proud and tested commanders on abroad. What did that mean? Liberal in ders that, no matter what the con- the ground in Iraq. If enacted, it would the classic sense of the term ‘‘free- sequences for the freedom of the Iraqi unravel all the hard-won gains our dom,’’ which is what America is all people, the future of the Islamic world, troops have made in the past year. It about: the self-evident truth that we and the future national security of the would hand victory to the suicide are all endowed by our Creator with United States of America. bombers and fanatics who are now on the rights to life and liberty. Some claim the war in Iraq is a dis- the run. It would betray the millions of So I wish to appeal particularly traction from the ‘‘real’’ war on terror. Iraqis who are standing with us today today to my Democratic colleagues in Al-Qaida disagrees. And so do I. Al- because they desire a better, freer life the Senate to reject this resolution, Qaida’s leadership has repeatedly made for themselves and their children. And and in that sense to return to what I clear they consider Iraq to be the cen- it would endanger the lives of and believe are the strongest, proudest, tral front of their campaign against us hopes of hundreds of millions more who most purposed moments of the history and most of the rest of the civilized live in the Middle East and throughout of the Democratic Party in recent dec- world. According to our intelligence the Islamic world who yearn for a life ades on matters of foreign and national agencies, al-Qaida in Iraq remains al- of peace and justice, not a life of extre- security policy. Qaida’s most visible and capable affil- mism, death, and primitivism that al- In sum, a year ago, the Bush admin- iate worldwide and the only one known Qaida offers them. istration acknowledged its mistakes in to have expressed a desire to attack I wish to close, if I may, with a word Iraq and changed course there. It is the American homeland—us here at directed to my colleagues on this side now time for opponents of the war and home. of the aisle, the Democratic Members the surge to do the same. It is time for I know there are some who hear of this Senate. I have thought a lot them to admit that the surge has these arguments, watch what is hap- about this war, and I cannot help but worked and that America’s security pening, and say: Oh, no. The sponsors wonder, in a moment such as this, what and freedom are on the line in Iraq of this legislation certainly understand some of the political heroes of my today, that we are winning there, and exactly how much political and mili- youth, who were Democrats, would it would be a disastrous mistake to im- tary progress we are making against think if they were here and could see pose the policies ordered by this resolu- al-Qaida and Iranian-backed extremists and listen to this debate and read this tion, this amendment, which would de- in Iraq and how much is riding on the resolution. prive our brave American men and line there for America and most of the I think of President Kennedy, who women in uniform and the brave sol- rest of the civilized world faced by this declared: diers of other countries, including Iraq,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:56 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.018 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1164 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 of the victory that they are winning there. They are gone now. They are legislates defeat. Secretary Gates said: now for the people of Iraq, the people of closed. If we were to withdraw, leaving Iraq in America, and the cause of freedom, We helped the Iraqi people create a chaos, al-Qaida most certainly would which is America’s cause. free and Democratic country, where use Anbar Province . . . as another I implore my colleagues, vote against representation and the rule of law are base from which to plan operations not this resolution. replacing coercion and terror. The only inside Iraq, but first of all in the I thank the Chair and I yield the Iraqi Parliament has passed legislation neighborhood and then potentially floor. that has reformed the de- against the United States. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- Ba’athification, enacted pension re- I must remind Senator FEINGOLD and pore. The Senator from Oklahoma. form that allowed former Ba’athists to the cosponsors of this amendment that Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, let me, collect their pensions. They enacted a al-Qaida is not the only threat to first of all, commend our colleague who law defining the provincial and central America and to our ideals. just spoke. Senator LIEBERMAN is very government roles and responsibilities. Ahmadinejad said on August 28—this is knowledgeable. It has been such an They passed the 2008 budget—faster very interesting. He said: honor for me, in the years I have been than we are doing it, actually—and en- Soon we will see a huge power vacuum in in the Senate, to be serving on both the acted an amnesty law that could lead the region. Armed Services Committee with him to the release of thousands of detain- A power vacuum. as well as the Environment and Public ees, removing a stumbling block stand- He said this expecting our defeat- Works Committee. ing in the way of reconciliation. ism—he is talking about these resolu- I very much am opposed to Senator We have done the right thing, and we tions—he said: FEINGOLD’s bills. But I wonder, in this are winning. Of course, we are prepared to fill the gap. short session, in the short time we It is interesting. A lot of the people Now here is Iran, a country which re- have left—we have such things to de- who were the defeatists come back cently declared a doubling of its ura- bate: the budget, housing, energy, con- now—Katie Couric is an example—who nium enrichment program and has sumer product safety, education, farm says we are actually winning. Less been testing ballistic missiles, talking programs—and I have to ask: Why are than half the al-Qaida leaders who were about filling this gap, the void that we wasting valuable time on these in Baghdad when the surge began are would be created. bills? And why at this time do we need still in the city. They have either fled A lack of a secure and stable Iraq another report? or were killed and captured. means instability in the Middle East The National Security Strategy was In addition to the list Senator and a clear avenue for terror and op- written in 2006, and another will be re- LIEBERMAN talked about and in terms pression to spread, and already has quired 150 days after the new adminis- of the successes, there has been a 75- spread, into Africa. tration comes in. The National Mili- percent reduction in religious and eth- I have had occasion to be in what we tary Strategy review has been com- nic killings in the capital, they have refer to as the CENTCOM and now pleted, and the Chairman of the Joint doubled the seizure of insurgents’ AFRICOM and EUCOM some 27 times Chiefs is conducting his own additional weapons caches, there has been a rise since 9/11. A lot of that time is down in review. The Quadrennial Defense Re- in the number of al-Qaida killed and areas such as Djibouti and in the heart view will be out later this year. And captured, they have knocked out six of Africa, where we have our forces the National Defense Strategy is also media cells, making it harder for al- down there, because with this squeeze mandated by law. We currently have Qaida to spread their propaganda, and taking place in the Middle East, there the strategy in place to win the global Anbar incidents of attacks are down is a lot of the terrorist traffic going war on terror. from 40 a day to less than 10 a day. into Africa. As for S. 2634, as the one The study prescribed by S. 2634 ties There has been economic growth, mar- before it, it is a thinly veiled attempt the hands of our military by telling kets are open, and the streets are to end the war in Iraq by legislating them to outline a strategy that does crowded. defeat. The bill proposes to micromanage not let them utilize the full extent of We have been over there and we have military strategy by forcing the ad- their resources. seen it. You didn’t used to be able to do ministration to narrowly define the fu- Furthermore, the substance of Sen- that. The Iraqi Army is performing ture movement and employment of ator FEINGOLD’s bills has been debated well. military personnel. It attempts to de- and defeated. On December 18, 2007, we The Iraqi citizens formed a grass- fine the type of missions the military voted against an amendment of the roots movement called Concerned Citi- can conduct and places constraints on same nature as S. 2633 from the very zens Leagues. This is interesting be- the length of time the military can de- same Senator, Senator FEINGOLD. It cause this is allowing citizens, as we ploy. It falsely presumes our profes- was a troop withdrawal amendment, it have in Washington, DC, and in Tulsa, sional warriors would be better served was No. 3875, and it was defeated 71 to OK—we have groups that go out there by limiting their deployments rather 24. We have already done this. Senator to protect ourselves, and that is what than supporting their victory over the MCCAIN said it best when he said that these people are doing. They are un- a majority had, by December 18, en- enemy. armed. They are going out now with By the way, all these people who now gaged in no less than 40 legislative at- paint cans and drawing circles around tempts to achieve the misguided out- talk to me about the long deploy- undetonated IEDs and unexploded ord- ments—and I agree the deployments come of precipitous withdrawal. This nance. makes Nos. 41 and 42. All of these 40- are too long—I wonder where they were COL Tom James, one of the com- in the 1990s when we cut down the size odd, time-wasting attempts have been manders of the 3rd I.D. in Iraq, said defeated. Why? Because we are doing of our military, when we brought the last Friday, February 22: number of divisions down from 18 to 10. the right thing in Iraq. The current security situation is stable We did away with the oppressive re- I can remember being on the floor say- and I am optimistic about the future. Sunni ing this day was going to come and gime of Saddam Hussein, where mass extremists are severely disrupted. They no that some day we were going to say: graves, torture, and rape were normal longer find sanctuary and support from the and everyday occurrences. We did away population. Why did we cut back so far? Again, COL Tom James, speaking with terrorist training camps in We are winning because we are sup- about our recent successes, said: Samarra, Ramadi, Sargat, Salmon porting our war fighters with a funda- It all goes back to this window of security Pak—and incidentally, Salmon Pak, in mental advantage, allowing them to being opened, and being able to exploit that that training camp, they had a fuselage command and control their forces—not window of opportunity through governance of an old 707 there, teaching people how doing it from here. Senator FEINGOLD’s and economics and building the capacity of to hijack airplanes. I guess we will amendment serves to tie the hands of the Iraqi security forces. This has all been never know whether the perpetrators our commanders on the ground. enabled because of the surge. of 9/11 were trained there. But nonethe- S. 2633 legislates defeat. There is no Proposing specific deployment and less, there were four training camps other way to put it. The amendment dwell times would limit the flexibility

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:56 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.019 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1165 of our commanders to conduct oper- Mr. REID. Mr. President, I suggest thing the junior Senator from Wis- ations in the field and infringe on the the absence of a quorum. consin has not been known to cham- President’s authority as Commander in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The pion in the past. Chief. clerk will call the roll. In other words, the second Feingold So this is the same flexibility that The assistant legislative clerk pro- bill claims to advance an effective allowed the Commander in Chief to ceeded to call the roll. antiterrorist program even though the surge forces and turn the tide in Iraq. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I first one attempts to block a counter- I am one of those who personally ob- ask unanimous consent that the order insurgency plan that even early critics served the changes that took place in for the quorum call be rescinded. of the war are now calling a success. It Iraq with the surge. It was about a year The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without calls for a new strategy against al- ago right now. I recall a report where objection, it is so ordered. Qaida even while Democrats in the our intelligence was actually attending Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, as House block one of the most effective all the weekly Friday mosque meet- we take up the issue of Iraq once again, tools we have in the fight against al- ings, and at that time, my recollection the question that should be foremost in Qaida. is 85 percent of those messages given our minds is this: Has the situation im- All of which leads me to wonder, by the imams and the clerics were anti- proved since the Petraeus plan was put what possible deduction of reason has American messages. That stopped in into place? And if so, if the terrorists prompted our friends on the other side April, and they realized things are who have been murdering coalition and to believe either of these bills is a good working there. There is so much talk Iraqi soldiers and civilians there for idea? We already know what will hap- about the political leaders, I kind of years are now seriously wounded and pen to the first bill. Last year, we over- look at the religious leaders as part of on the run, as we are told they are, whelmingly rejected it—not just once the reason for the successes we have then the obvious followup question is but four times. It never achieved more had. this: How do we ensure that the than 29 votes. And that was before the So I think we have already voted on progress not only continues but actu- success of the Petraeus plan. these. They have been voted down, and ally lasts? But given what has happened since we don’t need to waste any more time Our friends on the other side never then, the proposal to cut funds, to on it. I think common sense—when we seem to let the facts get in the way of scrap the Petraeus plan, makes even sit on the Senate Armed Services Com- their proposals for securing Iraq. When less sense today. Just consider what mittee, as we did this morning, and we the President announced a new coun- has taken place in Iraq over the last looked at the brilliant generals who terinsurgency strategy last year, many year. were testifying before us, such as Gen- of them said it would not work. Even Since the implementation of the eral Casey, these people spend a life- the plan’s most vocal critics voted to Petraeus plan, violence in Iraq has fall- time knowing what is going on and confirm the general who would carry it en dramatically. Over the past year, ci- how to negotiate wars. We are winning. out. The junior Senator from Illinois vilian deaths are one-sixth of what Things are good right now. I have often embodied this approach when he pre- they were in November of 2006. High- thought—I was honored in 1991 to be on dicted: The President’s strategy will profile bombings are down by two- the first freedom flight back to Ku- not work, and then cast a vote con- thirds since June. The discovery and wait. At that time, the Iraqis didn’t firming General Petraeus for the job. seizure of guns and other weapons know the war was over. They were still Then, when General Petraeus returned caches has more than doubled nation- burning the fields. I remember going from Iraq to report that the strategy ally and tripled in Anbar. The worst into one of the houses that actually was bearing fruit, some of our friends kind of violence is dramatically down. was the Ambassador to the United on the other side covered their ears and Ethno-sectarian conflict—the fighting States from Kuwait, a family of nobil- questioned his integrity. has fallen from a peak of about 1,100 in- ity, going into their home. They want- The junior Senator from New York cidents in December of 2006 to about ed to see what it looked like. Saddam embodied this view when she said the 100 such incidents this past November. Hussein had used it for one of his head- general’s report required ‘‘a willing That is less than 1 year. Locals are en- quarters, and the little daughter going suspension of disbelief,’’ then voted ergized about fighting back against up to her bedroom to see what it against a resolution that condemned terrorists, with between 70,000 and looked like, they had used her bedroom an ad accusing him of lies. And now, 100,000 ordinary citizens stepping for- for a torture chamber. The unimagi- after months of positive reports on im- ward to help local police root out ter- nable things that were going on over proved safety and even important po- rorists. And the terrorists themselves there: Looking into the mass graves. I litical progress, some of our friends on are becoming demoralized, with even would think that those individuals on the other side once again want to cut those who share their religious beliefs the other side, if nothing more—if that funding for the troops. driving them into hiding. were all there were to it—would say we In the words of the first Feingold bill This kind of progress is changing have to finish. It is our humanitarian that we might be voting on, they want minds. One harsh early critic of the responsibility. to ‘‘promptly transition the mission.’’ war, Anthony Cordesman, recently vis- We are experiencing a victory, the They want to tear up the Petraeus plan ited Iraq, looked at the new data, and surge is working, and I hope we will be and cut off funds for the very troops came to a different conclusion. able to dispose of, in a very quick way, who are carrying it out. Here is what Anthony Cordesman these two bills authored by Senator The second Feingold bill is just as says now: odd. It would require the Bush adminis- FEINGOLD. No one can spend 10 days visiting the bat- I yield the floor. tration, now in its final months, to set tlefields in Iraq without seeing major out a new global strategy for fighting f progress in every area. If the U.S. provides terrorism even as our military fights sustained support to the Iraqi Government, RECESS the terrorists neighborhood by neigh- in security, governance, and development, There being no objection, the Senate, borhood in Iraq and even as congres- there is now a very real chance that Iraq will at 12:40 p.m., recessed until 2:25 p.m., sional Democrats continue to block a emerge as a secure and stable state. and reassembled when called to order bipartisan surveillance bill that we A very real chance that Iraq will by the Presiding Officer (Mr. CARPER). know would improve our ability to dis- emerge as a secure and stable state. f rupt terrorist plots. The second Fein- These are the words of a man whose gold bill would also require reducing judgment our friends on the other side PROVIDING FOR THE SAFE REDE- the pace of deployments and an in- were appealing to just last year in ar- PLOYMENT OF UNITED STATES crease in overall military readiness. guing for withdrawal. Last July, the TROOPS FROM IRAQ—MOTION TO This would mean not only full funding junior Senator from New Jersey, PROCEED for the Defense Department but also di- speaking on the Senate floor, cited the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who recting an even greater share of the opinion of Mr. Cordesman before de- yields time? Nation’s resources to defense—some- claring: Mr. President, it is over; your

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:56 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.021 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1166 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 failed strategy, your ill-conceived war less than a year borrowed money for I said: Why don’t I get e-mails any- must come to an end before more dam- Iraq will be $1 trillion—soon $1 trillion more. His dad told me that his son age is done. of borrowed money, with the likely Re- said: They need to get us out of here. All of this reminds me of something publican nominee for President saying He wants to come home with the rest we saw last summer after the New we may need to be in Iraq for another of our gallant, even heroic troops. York Times ran an op-ed by two early 100 years. We are nearing the tragic These are the facts. critics of the war who had begun to milestone of 4,000 dead Americans, The mission has not been accom- change their views on the Petraeus more than 30,000 wounded Americans, plished. We have not been met as lib- plan once those views became incon- many gravely wounded, amputations, erators. After 5 years of war, we are sistent with the facts on the ground. blindness, hearing loss, untold thou- still an occupying force. Iraq, with un- About a week after the piece appeared sands with head trauma, making life told wealth because of its oil supply, in print, the senior Senator from Illi- after the war most difficult. This week must take care of its own citizens. nois concurred with its central point, brings news from the Pentagon that Americans need to start taking care of after early and outspoken opposition to there will be 140,000 American troops in Americans. We cannot spend a half bil- the Petraeus plan. Iraq still in July, 8,000 more than when lion dollars every day in Iraq. These More American troops have brought more the surge began in January of 2007. are the facts. peace to more parts of Iraq. I think that is a In Iraq a civil war rages, with the We will soon vote on two amend- fact. past 2 days bringing us the news of ments that will begin to change course Yet, since those comments, violence Sunni attacks on Shias while the Shias in the bloody Iraq civil war. Our first in Iraq has gone down even more, and observe a religious holiday, attacks vote is on a bill to responsibly begin to the kind of political progress the au- that killed at least threescore, wound- redeploy our troops so we can refocus thors of that New York Times piece ed more than 100. And, of course, the on other threats and challenges around were hoping for is finally taking place. Shias will reciprocate; and just in an the world. Do we have them? General A provincial powers law passed, with off place that you have to search hard Casey testified today in a building a elections set to take place sometime in the newspaper, three more dead short distance from here that the before October. The Iraqi Parliament American soldiers. These are the facts. Army is in a state of distress. We heard passed a partial amnesty law for pris- In Israel we find the Bush adminis- on the media this morning about what oners—a sign of thawing relations be- tration has been too preoccupied to be is going on in the Pacific. The admiral tween the Sunnis, who make up most concerned with the volatility of the in charge there doesn’t have the nec- of the prison population, and the ma- Palestinian-Israeli situation. Now we essary force to do even intelligence. It jority Shias. The Iraqi Parliament has have a raging civil war in the Pales- has been shipped to Iraq. also approved a national budget that tinian territory, Hamas versus Fatah. We need to begin to redeploy our allocated Government revenue, most of A government can’t be formed in Leb- troops. That is what this amendment is it from oil, out to the provinces. anon where some say is also a civil about. We can refocus on other threats To most people, the lesson of the last war. Iran is thumbing its nose at us and challenges, and there are many, year is obvious: Coalition forces are and the world community. Torture, and limit the troops to counterterror- winning this fight, and they deserve Abu Ghraib, Guantanamo, warrantless ism, force training, and protecting our our full support and our thanks. The spying on American citizens—all as a assets. response from most of us has been a result of this misplaced war. These are The other bill we will vote on later is mix of pride and new confidence, espe- the facts. also extremely important. It calls for a cially now that some concrete political In an op-ed published in today’s report from the administration on the progress is being made. For others, Washington Post, three noted writers status of the fight against al-Qaida, the however, the lesson to be drawn from and foreign policy experts said this: fight against terrorism. As the war in success is the same as it was when we Republicans will claim that after four Iraq rages, bin Laden remains free, and faced the strongest adversity: Cut the years of disastrous mistakes, the Bush ad- his terrorist network is gaining power funds, withdraw the troops, and leave ministration finally got it right with its worldwide. This legislation will shine Iraq to the terrorists. Fortunately, troop ‘‘surge.’’ Yet despite the loss of nearly the spotlight on this unmet challenge 1,000 American lives and the expenditure of of fighting terrorism and keeping most of the Senate will reject this view $150 billion, the surge has failed in its stated when we defeat the Feingold bills, purpose: providing the Iraqi government America safe—today, tomorrow, and hopefully for the last time. with the breathing space to pass the 18 legis- beyond. I yield the floor. lative benchmarks the Bush administration I urge my colleagues to seek common The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- called vital to political reconciliation. ground toward a new American foreign jority leader. To date it has passed only four. policy that strengthens our security, Mr. REID. Mr. President, I will use And some say the four passed are for supports our troops, and begins to re- my leader time and ask unanimous show; they have no substance. store our Nation’s ability to once again consent that the vote not occur at 2:45. Moreover, as part of the surge, the admin- lead in the way we have in generations The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without istration has further undermined Iraq’s gov- past. objection, it is so ordered. ernment by providing arms and money to CLOTURE MOTION Mr. REID. Mr. President, during the Sunni insurgent groups even though they The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under have not pledged loyalty to Baghdad. recess we had, I was in Nevada. People the previous order pursuant to rule all across the State of Nevada, just like My high school pal, my buddy, I XXII, the clerk will report the motion people all across this country, are com- named one of my boys after him, he to invoke cloture. mitted to ending the war in Iraq. named one of his boys after me. I am The assistant legislative clerk read These are the facts. We need to end proud of my namesake. He is a heroic as follows: helicopter pilot, having served a very the worst foreign policy blunder in our CLOTURE MOTION difficult tour in Afghanistan and now Nation’s history, which started with We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- the invasion of Iraq. What has 5 years Iraq. We exchanged regular e-mails ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the of war brought to America, to the Mid- during his time overseas. These e-mails Standing Rules of the Senate, hereby move dle East, to the world? It has brought were wonderful. Before going to Iraq, to bring to a close debate on the motion to thousands of deaths, almost a trillion we had the opportunity to meet in Las proceed to Calendar No. 575, S. 2633, safe re- dollars in debt, catastrophic failure of Vegas for dinner. He was on his way. It deployment of U.S. troops. diplomacy. What has 5 years of war was a nice dinner. He proudly told me Russell D. Feingold, Edward M. Kennedy, brought to America, to the Middle of his war stories, stories of real-life Patrick J. Leahy, Robert Menendez, valor. Now the e-mails have stopped. I Ron Wyden, Sherrod Brown, Richard East, and the world? Debt, depression, Durbin, Bernard Sanders, Patty Mur- and death. had the good fortune of meeting my ray, Frank R. Lautenberg, Christopher My Republican colleagues, think friend at my home in Searchlight last J. Dodd, John D. Rockefeller IV, Amy what this war has done to our Nation’s week, last Monday, a week ago yester- Klobuchar, Charles E. Schumer, Tom fiscal soundness. It has destroyed it. In day. Harkin, Barbara Boxer.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:56 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.030 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1167 The PRESIDING OFFICER. By unan- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- Lindsey was fired because he said it imous consent the mandatory quorum jority leader is recognized. would cost $100 billion. He was fired. call is waived. Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- Well, he was a little off. The question is, Is it the sense of the imous consent that there be 2 hours of We know that in a matter of a few Senate that debate on the motion to postcloture debate prior to the motion days we are going to have a milestone, proceed to S. 2633, a bill to provide for to proceed being agreed to, with the a tragic milestone. There will be 4,000 the safe redeployment of United States time equally divided and controlled be- dead Americans. Our troops have troops in Iraq, shall be brought to a tween the two leaders or their des- fought valiantly. We all acknowledge close. ignees; further, that upon disposition that. But as I indicated in my state- The yeas and nays are mandatory of this legislation, S. 2633, the Senate ment earlier today, they want to come under the rule. then proceed to a cloture vote with re- home. Wherever you go, that is what The clerk will call the roll. spect to S. 2634. they tell you. The parents tell you The assistant legislative clerk called The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there that. The troops tell you that. A Cap- the roll. objection? itol policeman came home. He has been Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, re- over there for almost a year. I talked Senator from West Virginia (Mr. serving the right to object, and I will to him yesterday: When are you going BYRD), the Senator from New York object, we now have an opportunity to back? (Mrs. CLINTON), and the Senator from discuss the issue the majority feels we He said: In 2 weeks. Illinois (Mr. OBAMA) are necessarily ab- ought to be talking about. I have a How has it been, Jim? sent. number of speakers lined up on my He said: It has been pretty tough. Mr. KYL. The following Senators are side. I assume that is the case on the He is a different person than he was, necessarily absent: the Senator from other side. So it is time to debate the having been through what he has been Texas (Mr. CORNYN), the Senator from Feingold proposal; therefore, I object. through. Arizona (Mr. MCCAIN), and the Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- So if the Republicans want to talk from Virginia (Mr. WARNER). tion is heard. about Iraq, we are happy to talk about Further, if present and voting, the Mr. REID. Mr. President, I am satis- Iraq and about how this money we have Senator from Texas (Mr. CORNYN) fied that we got cloture on the motion borrowed and continue to borrow—$1 would have voted ‘‘yea.’’ to proceed to this important legisla- trillion—is preventing us—I met with The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. tion, and I appreciate the bipartisan the Governors yesterday, the Demo- SANDERS). Are there any other Sen- vote in this regard. Usually, however, cratic Governors. They know what ators in the Chamber desiring to vote? when we get cloture on a motion to they are not doing in their States be- The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 70, proceed, it means Senators are pre- cause they have no money, whether it nays 24, as follows: pared to actually begin consideration is infrastructure, the deterioration of [Rollcall Vote No. 33 Leg.] of that legislation. However, I have roads, bridges, and dams or whether it YEAS—70 asked consent that we do just that. My is health care. They can’t take care of minority colleagues have objected. some of the basic needs of the people Akaka Durbin Mikulski Alexander Ensign Murkowski The only conclusion a reasonable per- from their States, and they know it is Allard Feingold Murray son could have is that they are resort- because of this war. Bennett Feinstein Reid ing to a new variation of the old The President doesn’t like to borrow Bond Graham Roberts theme. Remember, in 1 year—last money, except for this war. There is a Boxer Grassley Rockefeller year—the Republican minority broke carte blanche: Borrow as much as you Brown Gregg Sanders Brownback Harkin Schumer all rules in filibusters. In 1 year, we need. This war is costing us now about Bunning Hatch Sessions had to file cloture 68 different times. a half a billion dollars a day—a day. So Burr Hutchison Shelby Cantwell Inhofe So it is obvious this is only an effort to isn’t it good that the American people Cardin Inouye Smith stall, as they have done for the entire are hearing us talk about this? Chambliss Isakson Snowe time we have been in the majority. As I indicated in an earlier statement Specter Coburn Kennedy Now, we are happy to legislate re- I made a few minutes ago, let’s not Cochran Kerry Stabenow Coleman Klobuchar Stevens garding Iraq, but it is obvious to me start boasting about the surge. During Collins Kohl Sununu what the game plan is. They want us to the surge, we have lost about 1,000 Corker Kyl Thune slow the Senate down from getting American troops—1,000 American Craig Lautenberg Vitter things done. It is interesting to note troops. We are glad the violence is Crapo Leahy Voinovich DeMint Lugar Whitehouse that when the 30 hours is up, we will down, but that is all a matter of de- Dodd Martinez Wicker automatically go to cloture on the gree. The Shia religious holiday they Dole McConnell Wyden piece of legislation that calls for a re- are trying to finish, in 2 days, more Domenici Menendez porting requirement on the global war than 60 killed, more than 100 wounded, NAYS—24 on terror. From the statements made and this is Sunni on Shia, and you can Barrasso Dorgan McCaskill by the distinguished Republican leader, bet whatever you have to bet, the Baucus Enzi Nelson (FL) they don’t like that. So it would seem Shias will be back to inflict equal dam- Bayh Hagel Nelson (NE) Biden Johnson Pryor to me it is very clear that they are age against the Sunnis, and the Sunnis, Bingaman Landrieu Reed going to do everything they can to stop to whom we have paid huge amounts of Carper Levin Salazar us from getting to the housing legisla- money, have not even declared loyalty Casey Lieberman Tester Conrad Lincoln Webb tion, which the American people badly to the Baghdad Government. need. I think it is important that we do So we are happy to talk about Iraq. NOT VOTING—6 the housing legislation and that we do It is obvious the Republicans are doing Byrd Cornyn Obama consumer product safety. Of course, we everything they can to stop us from Clinton McCain Warner are going to do the budget resolution. going forward on legislation, some- The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this It is obvious the Republican minority thing dealing with the economy, of vote, the yeas are 70, the nays are 24. is in their usual stalling tactic. course. What would have been the right Three-fifths of the Senators duly cho- Now, we have a few people who can thing to do, if they were sincere about sen and sworn having voted in the af- speak, too, during these 30 hours, but moving forward, a motion to proceed. I firmative, the motion is agreed to. what we should be doing is legislating want everyone who is within the sound The clerk will report the motion. on this most important legislation. Re- of my voice to understand that mo- The legislative clerk read as follows: member, the Iraq war is within a mat- tions to proceed are routine. No one A motion to proceed to the bill (S. 2633) to ter of days going to be starting the made us go forward on motions to pro- provide for the safe redeployment of United sixth year—the sixth year of this war. ceed, until this Republican minority States troops from Iraq. It has been reported that in less than a showed up, and then on virtually ev- The Senate resumed consideration of year, this war will cost the American erything, they are doing the slow walk the motion to proceed. taxpayer $1 trillion. Remember, on everything—everything. If they

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:56 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.032 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1168 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 were legitimate and genuine about Mr. REID. Mr. President, I am happy tucky, was complaining that we have what they want to do, we would be on to yield to my friend from Illinois in a had 35 votes on the war in Iraq. He is this piece of legislation that has been minute. war weary of voting on Iraq. Well, I introduced and we would be talking We are happy to debate the Iraq want to say to him I am war weary as about the merits of it. But, no, that issue. We have always been happy to do well. I am weary of 3,972 U.S. service can’t start. it. Thirty-five times we have, and that men and women killed in Iraq. I am Understand that at the end of 30 is 35 times more than when the Repub- weary of 29,000 injured, many seriously, hours, automatically we have a vote on licans were in the majority. The war and with permanent conditions they the next cloture that has been filed be- went on for years with no oversight, will struggle with for a lifetime. I am cause everything we do around here, we none whatsoever. We have at least de- weary of a war this President won’t have to file cloture on a motion to pro- manded that, and I think it is impor- pay for, that costs us $10 billion to $15 ceed because of the big stalls taking tant we have done that. billion a month. I am weary of the ex- place. So we are ready to talk as long I would also ask my Republican col- cuses we have made for the Iraqis who as people want to talk on this issue. We leagues, why don’t they ever talk have failed to lead their own Nation have Democratic Senators who want to about the costs of this war? The costs while we risk and give American lives talk about this because they know in life, bodily injury, and money— in this conflict. I am weary of the what this war has done to what is tak- money that is keeping this country missed opportunities in America that ing place in our States, as indicated by from taking care of its own? $1 trillion spent on this war could have the Governors whom I met with yester- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- bought us to make our Nation stronger day. ator from Illinois is recognized. at home—better schools, making cer- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, my Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I rise in tain our teachers are compensated for good friend, the majority leader, seems support of S. 2633 offered by Senator good work, the technology we need so to regret that we are having a debate FEINGOLD. our children can be successful in this on the matter he put in the queue for I think it is unfortunate the Repub- 21st century, medical research funds us to have a debate on. We would not lican leadership has once again put the that have been cut under this adminis- be dealing with this issue this week but Senate into a stall. It seems as if the tration, funds for extending health care for his decision to file cloture on two Republicans feel that it takes them 30 and insurance for families across motions to proceed on two Feingold hours to make up their mind to do any- America, putting infrastructure in bills. The first Feingold bill which is thing. They want to burn off 30 hours place in America so our economy can before us, we have actually essentially of Senate time. I don’t know why. grow and move forward with good voted on four times already since the What Senator REID offered them was a American jobs building those roads and new majority took over in January of chance to move to this resolution, to highways and airports and mass tran- 2007. In fact, this will be the 35th Iraq debate it, and if amendments are going sit. I am weary of that too. vote we have had since the new major- to be offered, they would be offered. No apologies for the Senator from ity has taken over. They turned it down. They want to Kentucky for 35 votes on Iraq. That is We spent a lot of time discussing Iraq wait 30 hours before we even possibly hardly 1 vote for every 100 Americans over the last year. During much of that reach that point. As Senator REID ex- who have been killed in that country. time, the view of what was happening plained it, there may be an intervening It certainly is worth our time to debate in Iraq was not nearly as positive or motion that slows us down there. But this. Even more important, it is worth optimistic as it is now. Why we should that is what this is all about. This is our time to change this policy in Iraq. have a truncated discussion of Iraq at a the Republicans’ slow boat for Amer- I salute Senator FEINGOLD. He has time when things are getting dramati- ica. They want to slow everything been a lone voice. There were times I cally and measurably better strikes me down to a snail’s pace, and it is unfor- didn’t agree with him. I thought he had as somewhat curious. tunate that they do. an approach for this that we weren’t So obviously the Iraq debate of the They know what we want to do. We ready for. But over time, I have come moment has commenced. I have a num- want to have a good, open debate on to understand his wisdom and his in- ber of speakers on my side who wish to the policy on the war in Iraq, followed sight, and his political courage to bring talk about the success of the surge, the this week by emergency legislation to this issue to the floor. If he didn’t fight improvement in Iraq, the improvement deal with the housing crisis in Amer- doggedly to make sure we didn’t have on the Government side as well as the ica. So their strategy is to avoid that this Iraq war debate, we would skate military side. So we are happy to en- debate on Iraq, a debate that leads to along perhaps month after month with- gage in this debate. It was not our deci- the actual bill, tie us up in procedural out ever facing the music. What we sion to schedule it. This was the deci- issues, and hope we don’t get to the face is a reality. sion of the majority to devote what- housing crisis by the end of the week. The Republican plan is to stall and ever time was necessary this week to a I guess at the end of the week the Re- wait 11 months until President George discussion of these two Feingold bills publicans will say: Job well done. The W. Bush, on January 20, 2009, can leave related to Iraq. Senate went home and didn’t do any- the White House, give a fond adieu to So we look forward to the discussion. thing for another week. Well, I guess Washington, DC, and say: Well, I left I believe we have a number of people that is what they think the minority is the war; now it is up to the others to lined up who would be happy to engage all about, to stop anything from hap- try to solve this. Well, it is going to in the Iraq discussion, and we will con- pening. Isn’t it unfortunate. take quite a bit to try to undo the tinue that until such time as there is a If you listen to Presidential cam- worst foreign policy decision in modern mutual agreement to yield back time, paigning on both sides, Republicans memory in America. which may or may not occur, depend- and Democrats talking about change, Many of us remember that night in ing upon the situation and how many they point an accusing finger at us, October of 2002 when here in the Senate speakers we have. This is the way the saying that time and again, Senators Chamber we voted on authorizing this Senate frequently operates. It is the and Congressmen dream up ways to President to go to war. I was a member way it was when our good friends on avoid facing the important issues in of the Senate Intelligence Committee the other side were in the minority. America. Well, it is time for us to face then. I listened behind closed doors to There is nothing unusual about this at those issues in a timely way, to give classified and confidential information, all. The one thing we know the major- ample opportunity to minority and ma- and I couldn’t put it together. I ity leader can do is schedule, and it jority, to debate, to amend, to move couldn’t square with the information was his decision to schedule the two forward. Yet the Republicans, as they we received in the Intelligence Com- Feingold bills, and the first of which is did last year, are doing everything this mittee all of the dire predictions being now being talked about. year again to obstruct, to stall, and to made by President Bush, Vice Presi- I yield the floor. stop. dent CHENEY, Condoleezza Rice, and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- Why is this important? The minority Donald Rumsfeld. It didn’t square jority leader is recognized. leader, Senator MCCONNELL of Ken- away.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:56 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.033 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1169 Where in the world were the threats tinue to target them. They have used Easy for us to say: Well, it is only 11 they were talking about—the weapons Iraq as a land of opportunity now to go months. There will be a new President. of mass destruction, the nuclear weap- in and sow their seeds of division and Maybe there will be a change. But what ons, the connections with 9/11? It hatred, to try to kill innocent people about those soldiers and sailors and turned out none of them existed—not and to kill American soldiers. Senator marines, airmen, all of our military one. We found no weapons of mass de- FEINGOLD says we will continue to who are called to serve? That 11 struction. We found no nuclear weap- fight to eliminate al-Qaida in Iraq. months will be a lifetime away from ons. We found no connection between Second: Provide security for per- their families, and during that 11 Saddam Hussein and the terrible trag- sonnel and infrastructure of the U.S. months some of them will give their edy of 9/11. All of the pretenses and rea- Government. lives. That is why this debate is impor- sons given by this President to engage That should never be in question. We tant and why it is timely and why I am us in this war, to risk American lives, should make certain our Armed Forces glad Senator FEINGOLD has brought it and to drag us on for more than 5 years are always there to protect our people before us. in this conflict turned out to be false; and to protect important installations. It is unfortunate the Republican side all of it. Third: Provide training to members wants to stall this debate, stall it for 30 There is no greater deception in a de- of the Iraqi security forces who have hours in hopes we can drag everything mocracy than for the leader to mislead not been involved in sectarian violence out so we will never quite get to the the people of a nation into a war, to or in attacks upon the U.S. Armed issue here on Iraq and maybe never get ask families to offer their children and Forces. to the issue of the housing crisis in If the Iraqis are ever going to take their children’s lives in service to this America. That is the Grand Old Party’s over defense of their own country so country for reasons that turn out not brandnew strategy: Stall, try to delay, that we are not in Iraq for 50 years or to be true. No weapons of mass destruc- find ways to make sure we don’t get to 100 years or even 1,000 years, as one of tion, no nuclear weapons, no connec- the important issues. It is little wonder the Presidential candidates has said—if tion with 9/11, and here we are, still that the opinion of the American peo- we are ever going to avoid that terrible bogged down, mired in this conflict. ple of this Congress is low. outcome, the Iraqis have to stand and It is cold comfort to know that as we What we should do is look to the fight and defend their own country. sent 20,000 or 30,000 more soldiers into positive side. If we change this policy Senator FEINGOLD says that is one of Iraq last year that things got better. I in Iraq, if we tell the President on a bi- the legitimate reasons we can stay in am glad they did. I have been there partisan basis that we have had enough Iraq. I agree with him. since then. I am glad the surge brought Fourth: To provide training, equip- of this, that we want to see a change in some peace to some sections of Iraq. ment, and other materials to members mission, we have a chance to change But that wasn’t the reason for the of the U.S. Armed Forces to ensure, this country. We can take the re- surge. The surge was put in place so maintain, or improve their safety and sources that would have been spent in the Iraqis could finally take responsi- security. Iraq and spend them in America. We bility for their own country, so they No argument there. can make sure we are providing health could make hard political decisions And finally: The resources to rede- care, job training, and building schools, and govern and lead and defend them- ploy members of the U.S. Armed roads and bridges. We can create an selves. Here we are, almost a year Forces from Iraq. economic stimulus in the United later, and what do we have to show for What is missing from this? What is States instead of an economic stimulus it? An Iraqi Parliament that when we missing is any unilateral combat oper- in Iraq. I think a strong America be- can get them to meet won’t even face ation that opens a new part of this war. gins at home. Wouldn’t it be great if we the serious issues. Time and again they For 5 years we have given the Iraqi invested our precious tax revenues in fail to make the decisions they need to people all they could ever ask for. We that belief? make so their Government can govern. deposed their dictator, we brought the Let me tell you what the National Time and again we find excuses from best military in the world to their Intelligence Estimate said about the them: They need a little more time. country, we gave them a chance to state of this war in Iraq. Last year, Every day they need is at the expense elect their own Government, write they gravely noted that: of American soldiers. Every month their own Constitution, and govern and The Iraq conflict has become the cause ce- they take to finally reach a decision defend themselves. What more could lebre for jihadists, breeding a deep resent- means that more body bags will come they ask for? We have paid for it ment of U.S. involvement in the Muslim home to America and more wounded mightily, with almost 4,000 lives, the world, and cultivating supporters for the soldiers will return. So as they take hundreds of thousands who have global jihadist movement. their sweet time making their deci- served, and the thousands who have That is a quote from the National In- sions, we are paying a heavy price as a come home wounded, injured. telligence Estimate. What it says is Nation. And the complaint from the I will tell you, for those who think that as we battle on in Iraq and lose other side is we have had 35 votes on we ought to look the other way for 11 American lives and spend American this; haven’t we had enough? No, we months so President Bush can get out dollars, we are creating a magnet for haven’t had enough until we change of town, they ought to go to these Na- the extremists around the world to this policy, until we start bringing the tional Guard deployments and re- come and kill our troops and to be in- troops home. deployments and look into the eyes of spired in their own sad and devilish You are going to hear a lot of things our guardsmen and their families, their ways to kill other innocent people said about this Feingold resolution. I tear-filled eyes as they send their sol- around the world. Did anyone bargain certainly hope that colleagues and diers off for yet another deployment. for that when we invaded Iraq? Did Members will take the time to read it. We have a young man here on the anyone think it would make the war on Here is what it says: It says our future Capitol Police force who works with terror more difficult to win? That is role in Iraq is going to be limited. We my office. He is about to face his sec- what the National Intelligence Esti- are not going to say to the military: ond deployment with the Navy Re- mate tells us. Do whatever you like. We are going to serve. He is taking it very well, with a This administration has recklessly say to our military in Iraq: Here is smile, but he is going to be gone for 8 diverted critical military intelligence your role. This is what you can do. months—8 months away from his fam- and civilian assets from Afghanistan in This is what we will provide funds for. ily, making less money serving with the process. That was a war I voted for, First: Conduct targeted operations, the Navy than he makes serving as a without reservation—a unanimous vote limited in duration and scope, against Capitol policeman—taking a pay cut in the Senate, just days after the at- members of al-Qaida and affiliated ter- because the Federal Government is too tack on 9/11. We knew where that at- rorist organizations. cheap to provide what private corpora- tack came from. It didn’t come from That is certainly something we all tions do for their activated employ- Saddam Hussein and Iraq, it came from agree on. Al-Qaida was behind 9/11, not ees—and he will be away from his fam- Osama bin Laden and the Taliban, and Saddam Hussein, and we should con- ily for another 8 months. the al-Qaida forces that were running

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:56 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.035 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1170 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 rampant through Afghanistan. Well, We continued to put billions of dol- I am going to support this bill to the situation in Afghanistan has dete- lars into the Veterans’ Administration, bring an end to this war. I was 1 of 23 riorated because we have spent so and we should and we will for the fu- who voted against it. Of all of the votes much on human life and American dol- ture, trying to pay the long-term costs that I have ever cast in this Congress lars on Iraq. That is the reality of this of this war, a heavy cost that future in the House and Senate, I look back administration’s priorities. generations will carry. And those on with the greatest assurance that was The Taliban and al-Qaida, sadly, are the other side say: Well, let’s just let the right vote, the right vote for Amer- regrouping in Afghanistan, and we this go for another 11 months. Let’s see ica. I do not think anything that has know for sure Pakistan, the neigh- how this all works out, another 11 transpired since that late October boring country, is increasingly unsta- months of returning veterans, return- night in 2002 has ever made me waiver ble. In fact, the strongest military on ing wounded, another 11 months of in my belief that it was a serious mis- Earth is apparently so overstretched at more responsibility to future genera- take for the United States to give to this moment, the administration can’t tions. this President and this administration even find a handful of transport heli- Staying with the failed strategy is no the authority to begin this war, which copters to help the desperately needed strategy at all. Changing course in Iraq has cost us so much over the years. people of Darfur with the U.N. peace- is long overdue. Quite simply, we can- I believe we have to be careful in our keeping force. not give this administration another foreign policy. Of course, defend Amer- How long will we stand by this failed blank check because we know what ica, that is our first responsibility. But foreign policy, this disaster in Iraq, at they are going to do with it. They are never engage in a war when we cannot such a high cost in human lives, dol- going to continue this policy as we see understand the consequences that lars, reputation, and national security? more and more American soldiers in might follow, like this war. It is so We are hearing once again that we are harm’s way. The bill before us is rea- much easier to get in a war than it is seeing progress in Iraq. How many sonable, it is measured, it is a thought- to get out of one. times have we heard this story? At ful effort to put before this administra- Senator FEINGOLD is engaging this least for 5 years—from the beginning, tion a new approach, a new policy, and Senate in a debate that is long overdue from Vice President CHENEY’s rosy sce- a new direction in Iraq. for a change in policy that is long over- nario of the troops being greeted with Starting to redeploy the majority of due. The Republicans are going to parades and arms laden with flowers to U.S. troops from Iraq within 120 days is stall, try to avoid the vote, try to welcome them to Iraq, something that a reasonable thing to do. Certainly, speechify us to death, not going to face unfortunately did not occur—until the many of them will stay there for those this vote or a vote on the housing cri- present time, when the so-called surge specified responsibilities, but as they sis. But that is nothing new. As the has turned everything around. And yet start to leave, the Iraqis may wake up majority leader, Senator REID has said, 150,000 American lives are still at risk to the reality that it is their country last year 68 times they initiated a fili- this morning, this afternoon, and this and their responsibility. The question buster. That is a brandnew record in evening in Iraq. is no longer whether the surge, or more the Senate. Before that it was 61 fili- The entire point of the surge was to accurately a significant escalation of busters in 2 years. That was the record. carve out political space for the Iraqi troops, has worked. The question is Well, they managed 68 in 1 year. political leadership. They haven’t used how we can return our focus to the It shows you what they are up to. the time; they haven’t used the surge original al-Qaida threat. They just want to grind us down, slow for that to happen. Does anyone hon- Sad to say, 6 years, more than 6 years us down, and make us avoid the issues estly believe we are closer to the day after 9/11, Osama bin Laden is still on that count in America. One of those that the Iraqis will take responsibility the loose. He is still guiding in his way issues is ending this war the right way, for their own future? They will if this the al-Qaida forces that threaten us in and another which will follow is the passes, because they will know our the rest of the world. We need to help housing crisis which plagues our econ- days are numbered in Iraq. We are not countries such as Jordan that have omy. going to be there for 25, 50, or 1,000 been overrun with Iraqi refugees. We I yield the floor. years. That is not fair to our soldiers; certainly have to understand that a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- it is not fair to America. country that has been that friendly to ator from Arizona. This administration has no strategy the United States deserves a helping Mr. KYL. Mr. President, I am a little beyond ‘‘stay the course’’ until Janu- hand, and we have to start to rebuild confused. About an hour and a half ago ary 20, 2009. We in Congress have a re- our international image and reputa- the majority leader brought up a bill. sponsibility to change direction. Our tion. He and the Senator from Wisconsin had responsibility is for those soldiers and It is unfortunate to hear people filed this bill to leave Iraq in 120 days. their families, it is for those guards- around the world, once our friends, And he filed cloture on that to see men and their families, it is for every- once our allies, once our supporters, so whether enough Senators would agree one risking their life today in Iraq. critical of the United States because of to debate the bill. So that we can start They need to come home. And when the colossal mistake made by the Bush to debate it, it took 60 Senators to vote they come home, we know that we administration with this invasion of yes. The majority leader must have have our hands full. Iraq. We have to turn that page, and we been surprised when we voted yes be- They come home with serious prob- cannot wait until January 20, 2009, to cause he does not seem to want to take lems. The suicide rate among soldiers do it. yes for an answer. is at a record high. It is even higher Last year, a New York Times-CBS He filed the bill, wanted to debate it, among Guardsmen who are activated News poll showed that only 5 percent of and presumably have a vote on it. But to serve. Post-traumatic stress dis- Americans trust this President to suc- when we agreed to debate it, he called orders of years gone by intensify in the cessfully resolve the Iraq war; 1 out of foul and said: You are trying to stall returning soldiers from Iraq and Af- 20 Americans trust President Bush to because you did not vote no so that we ghanistan. resolve this war. Well, I do not believe can move on to the next bill and then We know those who suffered serious he will either. I would be with the 95 the next bill which will be the eco- injuries—amputations, traumatic brain percent. But Congress has an equally nomic stimulus package. injury—are going to need our help for a important responsibility to oversee So I am confused. Maybe I should not long time to come. This administration this war as it is fought, to do every- be because almost half of the members has shortchanged the Veterans’ Admin- thing we can to protect our troops and of the majority voting voted against istration. When we begged them to put to resolve this war so our troops can cloture; that is to say, they voted in the billions of dollars necessary to come home to the heroes, welcome against proceeding to the bill that the keep our promise to these veterans and they richly deserve. We need to step majority leader had filed. Now, ordi- those from other wars, they said they into the leadership void that this narily members of the majority do not did not need it. Then, of course, they White House has left and change direc- vote against these cloture motions were proven wrong. tions for our policy in Iraq. that the majority leader files to take

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:56 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.036 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1171 up a bill. Ordinarily, all of the mem- of these terrorists—that bill, that law more. It is shifting now to, well, OK, bers of the party vote with their leader expired. maybe the surge is working, but the on these votes. The President said: We are losing Iraqi Government needs to do more. I gather that the majority leader good intelligence. You need to act to Well, the Iraqi Government is now must have thought that the bill would reauthorize that law. doing a lot more, too, as we will hear. not get cloture; that is to say, that we The Senate did. I think we had 68 But I suspect nothing is going to be would not start the debate. Then I sup- votes, a bipartisan vote. We acted in a good enough for those who want to get pose Republicans would be accused of bipartisan way to support that. Many out of Iraq now because, as the major- trying to stall, of not being willing to of our colleagues, I think it was 28 or ity whip has pointed out, we really vote on the bill that he and the Sen- 29, voted to oppose that. Now the lead- need to improve America’s image ator from Wisconsin had filed, maybe ership of the House of Representatives abroad. And there a lot of people who putting Republicans into a no-win situ- has said: Well, let it expire. And they disagree with us, so that is one of the ation, damned if we do and damned if went on the break 12 days ago without reasons we need to get out of Iraq. we do not. having acted to reauthorize the so- But he also said—how many times— If we agree with the majority leader called FISA law. that we are doing better in Iraq. Well, and take up his bill to debate it, we are That law needs to be reauthorized. I do not know how many times, but stalling. And if we do not agree, then I Each day that passes that it is not re- certainly since General Petraeus re- suspect we would have been accused of authorized, we are losing intelligence. ported to the Congress, and every week not being willing to debate Iraq and Now, what happens if there is another thereafter, there has been improve- not being willing to vote on the amend- 9/11 and we later find out that one of ment. And all we have to do is listen to ments or the bill that he and the Sen- the reasons is because for a period of our colleagues who have been there re- ator from Wisconsin filed. several weeks we could not listen in to cently to see this reported progress in So as I say, I am confused. All Repub- what those terrorists were saying? We Iraq. licans did was to say: OK, you wanted are missing intelligence. I do not know why people are so to debate the bill that you filed. We Frankly, we ought not to do any- afraid of good news when you are win- will agree to proceed with that. Now thing else around here until we get ning in a war. Why is that not a good the distinguished minority whip just that law reauthorized and the Presi- thing? Why are you not proud of that? said Republicans are speechifying this dent can sign it into law. But the ma- Why do you not say: That is great; let’s to death. Well, Republicans have spo- jority leader said: First, we are going finish the job. ken about 5 minutes out of the last to have a debate on the Feingold-Reid I suspect if you ask the majority of hour. All of the rest of the time has bill to get out of Iraq in 120 days. Then our troops: Now that you have got your been taken by members of the majority we need to have a debate on developing boot right on the neck of these enemy party. The majority whip himself a new strategy for dealing with al- terrorists, do you think we ought to let spoke, I think, a little over half an Qaida. it up and walk away or do you think we hour. I do not intend to take that long. Okay. Republicans are happy to en- ought to finish the job? My guess is But I think it is hard to accuse Re- gage in that debate, as I said. But to be they would all say: Let’s finish the job publicans of speechifying the bill to accused by the majority of trying to or you all back in Washington let us death when all we did was, an hour and stall by simply agreeing to the debate finish the job. Do not pull the plug on a half ago, agree to debate, and the mi- that the majority requested, is not cor- us so that we have to leave Iraq before nority leader has spoken a total of rect. we finish the job. about 5 minutes. Do you want a debate Moreover, nobody is trying to stall It is interesting there is now a new on Iraq or not? Now that the surge is consideration of a housing bill or an argument: OK, maybe the surge is working, it appears maybe that mem- economic stimulus package. We under- working. Maybe the Iraqi Government bers of the majority party are not so stand that the majority is going to be is going to be taking the action we anxious to have that debate. bringing such a package to the floor. asked them to do. And, in fact, they But as Minority Leader MCCONNELL We have not seen it. We do not know have. They are now taking action on pointed out, Republicans are willing to what is in it. We are certainly not the so-called reconciliation there on have that debate. A group of Repub- stalling it. It is not here yet. The ma- local elections and the like. licans were just in Iraq over the course jority leader could have brought that But now the argument is, well, we of the last week. Several of us have to the floor. He could have told us what could actually spend this money on been there since the first of the year is in it. He could have filed cloture on other things. Of course, you can always and have a very positive story to re- it so that we had the vote on whether spend money on other things. When port about the work that our troops we are going to take it up, but instead you are in a war, however, it is a little are doing there and the effect of their he brought up the first Iraq resolution. different. You cannot just pull the plug efforts. Then that is going to be automatically and say we would rather spend the There is a positive report that the followed by a second resolution dealing money on housing or transportation or American people deserve to hear. So I with al-Qaida. Then, only after that, education than we would on the war. think you will see Republicans agree- apparently, do we get to the economic You do not have that option. You can- ing to debate the resolution. For my stimulus or housing package. not just pick up stakes and leave be- purpose, I am perfectly happy to vote So it is not Republicans who are cause you have to consider the cost of on it. But under the rule that the ma- holding it up. We have not done any- what you leave behind. jority leader has taken advantage of, thing to hold it up. We have not even Most of the experts who have talked as soon as we have had 30 hours to de- seen it yet. about this have made it crystal clear if bate this, then automatically we go to So I think this criticism of Repub- we decide we want to leave because we the next Feingold-Reid bill. licans for stalling simply because we would rather spend the money on That is a bill that does not have us agreed with the majority leader to something else, the ultimate cost get out of Iraq, but rather says we take up his bill and debate it is not ac- would be far greater than if we finished should try to develop a strategy to deal curate, and it is not fair to Repub- the job. Because by most estimates, with al-Qaida. Well, of course, the ad- licans. the situation would deteriorate. Al- ministration’s first strategy, as we Now what about the surge and this Qaida would reinfiltrate, and the other have discussed on this floor many Iraq resolution? I think it is inter- enemies of the Iraqi people would cre- times, the first, best way to deal with esting that the first criticism was that ate more problems. The next thing you terrorists is to get good intelligence on we had a failed policy in Iraq. So when know, we would have to come back in them to know what they are up to. General Petraeus developed a new pol- and try to clean up the mess that was Maybe we could have prevented 9/11 icy, the surge policy, which began to created because we left prematurely. had we had better intelligence. And so work, the debate suddenly began to The bottom line is, the cost of leaving the FISA—this is the law that allows shift. Now that it is very clear the prematurely would be far greater than us to listen in on the communications surge has worked it is shifting even the cost of finishing the job once and

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.038 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1172 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 for all. It is also difficult to put a price Mr. MENENDEZ. Madam President, been hearing fear for quite some time; on our national security, especially be- how much time do I have? the American people have caught up to cause of those young men and women The PRESIDING OFFICER. Each that—or, in fact, they simply want to who have given the ultimate sacrifice. Senator may speak up to 1 hour. have the proposition for a political pur- We owe it to them to ensure that what Mr. MENENDEZ. Madam President, I pose. If not, we would have had the 21- they have done, the sacrifice they have came to the floor to speak in support of day extension. Everything the adminis- made, is not going to be wasted, is not the Feingold amendment. I came pur- tration claims they needed, they would going to be lost because we were too posely to talk about that issue, but I have had, and therefore we would have anxious to get out of there to spend am compelled, having heard some of been able to move forward. Those two money on something else. That is not the remarks made by some of our col- items need to be put in context. good policy. It is not the way to win a leagues, to first preface my remarks as Let me get to the main purpose of war. It is certainly not the way to beat it relates to this debate. what I came to the floor to speak the terrorists. Yes, we are happy to have a debate, about, and that is in support of the The final point the majority whip but it doesn’t take 30 hours to come to Feingold amendment. made was we should return to the the same conclusion the American peo- The Senate has an opportunity, once original al-Qaida threat. I get back to ple have clearly come to in this coun- again, to vote to transition our troops the point I made before. If you want to try: that continual engagement in the out of Iraq with honor and refocus our return to the original al-Qaida threat, war in Iraq and the course we are on is efforts on defeating al-Qaida. It is long there is no better way than, A, to fin- not in the national interests of the past time for us to make that decision. ish the job in Iraq where we have al- United States. They have come The administration has never told us Qaida on the run—they are essentially through the common sense Americans the truth about the war in Iraq. Some defeated; let’s don’t let them rise back always show. This is overwhelmingly people want to gloss over that. But if up again—and B, pass the FISA legisla- the conclusion of a great majority of what is past is prologue, then we need tion, the Foreign Intelligence Surveil- Americans. They understand. It doesn’t to be worried about what we con- lance Act, which allows us to collect take us 30 hours to do that. We can stantly hear. intelligence on these terrorists abroad. have an open, honest, and intelligent The budget they submitted to Con- Again, we did that in the Senate, debate with a few Members on each gress is the latest proof of that. The though many on the other side—28— side making the case for their respec- budget is terrible in a lot of ways. It voted against it. tive points of view, but we don’t have leaves millions of children without full The House of Representatives leader- to take 30 hours in order to get to that access to health care. It fails to wean ship has an obligation to try to get this goal so that we can move to the other us off our addiction to foreign oil. It done. Therefore, I call upon the Demo- important business of the Senate. fails to adequately address climate cratic House leadership to bring up the This is important business. It de- change. It fails to repair our education bill the Senate passed and see if it will serves a thorough debate. But, by the system or shrink the ballooning def- pass the House of Representatives. I same token, it is clear that the whole icit. Basically, it fails to make a seri- suspect the reason it has not been process of objecting to the majority ous effort to tackle the most pressing brought up is because they know it leader’s effort to limit the scope of problems average Americans face in would pass. That is a bill the President time so that we can have a robust de- their lives each and every day. would sign. Why wouldn’t that be a bate but then go on to the other busi- Beyond that, the budget is dishonest good thing? That is the appropriate ness before the Senate is to extend the about the cost of one of the most ex- way to move forward. time, is to delay us. pensive wars in our history, a war that Let me try to summarize. Repub- We have seen through a record num- has lasted more than America’s en- licans have put us into a stall, our ber of filibusters the Republican mi- gagement in World War II. It lists the Democratic friends say, because we nority has used in this Chamber in a cost of the war in Iraq for next year at agreed to debate the bill they wanted way that defies all historic propor- $70 billion. All the other calculations us to debate. They expected us to say tions. It is clear that what was in- in the budget, including the debt and no, that we wouldn’t debate it. Then we tended to be used as a rare occasion to the deficit, in some way assume that would have been accused of trying to protect the rights of the minority, par- $70 billion is all the war is going to avoid debate. But we agreed. We will ticularly on exceptional critical issues cost in the next fiscal year. We have to have the debate. It is only 30 hours. of the time, has now been abused in wonder if whoever wrote the section of That is hardly enough time for all of such a way in which it is intended to the budget on Iraq found their job after my colleagues to be able to say the stall the work of the Senate but, more leaving their old post at the account- things they want to say, if we have half importantly, the work of the American ing department of Enron because it is of that time, but nonetheless we will people. That is the framework in which clearly the same type of accounting. try to give the report of the truth of we start this debate. We can have a ro- Recently, the Secretary of Defense what is happening in Iraq. The Amer- bust debate, but we don’t need 30 hours took a baby step toward honesty and ican people will be better off for that. to accomplish it. estimated the true cost for next year So I am glad we agreed with the major- Secondly, I cannot understand how at another $170 billion of America’s ity leader to proceed to the debate on some Members can come to the floor of money. He said that was just a rough this bill. I suspect we will want to do the Senate and rail against the fact estimate, because when you have al- the same thing on the next bill. that the foreign intelligence surveil- ready spent more than a half trillion If and when the Democratic majority lance bill has not been passed by the dollars, I guess you just round up to puts together an economic stimulus House of Representatives when they re- the nearest hundred billion. This is package, then we can take a look at fused to agree to a 21-day extension of from an administration that over 5 that and see whether we want to debate the existing law that gives the admin- years of a historical engagement in that as well. But, again, our first pri- istration everything they want to do. Iraq knows how many troops we have, ority ought to be to get the Foreign In- So if this is such a critical issue, as has knows the projection moving forward, telligence Surveillance Act passed be- been described by Members of the Re- and therefore knows what the con- cause every day that goes by that that publican side of the aisle, why would sequences in terms of cost are. To send law is not in effect, we jeopardize our they not have agreed to continue while a budget to the Congress that everyone national security. We jeopardize our the Congress debated the opportunity knows in the context of the cost in Iraq ability to collect intelligence on al- to extend the law that allows you to do is a farce, this type of carelessness—if Qaida and other terrorists, and we put all those things you say are critical to one can call it carelessness—in ac- the lives of Americans at risk. That is the protection of the American people? counting is offensive to the American unacceptable. I can only come to the conclusion people who are funding the war. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. that either it is not as critical as they This administration is so dead set on MCCASKILL). The Senator from New define, because fear is what we sell, it staying in Iraq. I know some Presi- Jersey. seems, on the Republican side—we have dential candidates have suggested that

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.046 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1173 we will do so for 100 years, if necessary. grouping and restrengthening of al- now looking at the Afghanistan-Paki- They just don’t seem to care how much Qaida on the Pakistan-Afghanistan stan border, where al-Qaida has recon- tax money they spend. They don’t seem border, with the ability to ultimately stituted. And that is, God forbid, if to care how much money they have to commit terrorism domestically in the anything else happens in the world. borrow from the Chinese to pay the United States, yes, there is a real caus- That is our challenge, in a security bills, because we don’t pay for this in al connection and a real consequence context, if we continue the course: a terms of how we are going to afford the and we have to include that as part of challenge that those who have the war. We don’t domestically decide, the debate and part of the con- military prowess tell us we cannot well, this is going to be offset by some sequences in our continuing engage- meet if we continue in this way. either revenue stream or cuts in pro- ment in Iraq in an open-ended way. For 5 years, the administration has grams. No, under this administration, Now, with what we heard the Sec- parroted the line that: ‘‘We’re fighting we just keep adding it to the next gen- retary of Defense talk about with the them over there so we don’t have to eration—more debt, more debt. They amount of money the Secretary of De- fight them here.’’ But now more than don’t seem to care how much wind gets fense thinks we might spend in Iraq ever we realize that one of the biggest knocked out of our economy because next year, in a different context we impacts of the war has been we are the money could have gone to creating could have more than doubled our spending our money over there and, jobs, stimulating the production of package to stimulate the economy this therefore, we cannot spend it here— green energy, or helping families make year. When Americans get rebate money that includes billions of dollars ends meet. checks in a month or so, they should that have been misspent, including As a matter of fact, we could use that imagine them more than twice as big hundreds of millions of dollars in re- money to do something that is criti- because that is what this year in Iraq construction projects that are unac- cally important as well—protect Amer- would cost. counted for. ica here on domestic soil. Because as If we want to imagine the total fi- I came back from Iraq about a month we look at the President’s budget, nancial cost of the war in Iraq over al- ago. I must say, when I see schools what does it do? It eliminates COPS most 5 years, if we want to imagine going wanting here in America, when I funding that put 100,000 police officers what $608 billion means, we could di- see hospitals closing in my home State, on the streets of the cities. It cuts vide that up and send every American when I see roads that have deterio- homeland security grants to States by a check for $2,000. rated, bridges that have fallen, and see If we want to know what the war will 70 percent. It cuts port security by reconstruction in Iraq but no construc- cost over the next decade if we con- half. It cuts infrastructure security by tion here at home, those are real con- tinue the course we are on, that is half. This at a time in which every re- sequences of the war. about $2.8 trillion. Every American port, including those of the administra- When I see us talk about the geno- tion, has al-Qaida reconstituted on the should picture a check for more than $9,000. That is what the war costs: more cide in Darfur, and we are universally Pakistan-Afghanistan border, and re- committed to the proposition ‘‘never ports are coming out that they have than $9,000 for every man, woman, and child living in the United States of again,’’ ‘‘never again,’’ what does been reconstituted with the strength ‘‘never again’’ mean? That we will not and the ability to perform another at- America. If there are four people in your family, that is $36,000 that poten- repeat the legacies of the past, the fail- tack on the United States. ures of the past: in the Holocaust, in The terrorists have to only get lucky tially could have been put in your fam- Rwanda, in the Armenian Genocide. once. We have to be right 100 percent of ily’s economy. No, no, we will act. Yet because of our the time. How can you achieve those When so many hard-working families present security challenges, and the goals when you eliminate the very es- are struggling to keep their homes, and consequences of being engaged in Iraq sence of the funding for those who, as so many are struggling to help keep up in the way we are, we stand by and we learned on September 11, came to with the rising cost of health care and watch people in Darfur be slaughtered. respond on that fateful day? It wasn’t college tuition and heating oil, when so So much for ‘‘never again.’’ the Federal Government, it was local many have to care for aging parents, Not long ago, about a month ago, I police and firefighters and emergency put food on the table, and struggle to had the chance to make a trip to Iraq management and hospital personnel. make ends meet each month, $36,000 myself. First and foremost, the trip That is who came. What does this would go a long way. So it is a dif- proved something I believed for a long budget do? It slashes the living day- ferent way of looking at it. time: We should be incredibly proud of lights out of those very first responders There are many different ways of the men and women who wear the uni- who are critical to our domestic secu- looking at the costs of the war. So here form of the United States and who are rity. is how it all adds up. We cannot think What does it do about one of the gap- about economic stimulus without serving there. They do not ask whether ing wounds we have in the country in thinking about how we can stimulate this is the right or wrong mission. terms of security? It slashes port secu- peace. We cannot heal our economy They just serve with honor and integ- rity. Everybody who comes to the Cap- without closing the financial hemor- rity, and they risk their lives every itol has to go through a security de- rhage that is the war in Iraq. It seems day. vice, 100 percent. Everybody who goes to me that in addition to those finan- I came away extremely impressed to the White House has to go through a cial contexts, there is the whole ques- with their commitment, and I felt hon- security device, 100 percent. But when tion of security—the security I talked ored to be able to share some time with we talk about cargo coming from all about in a domestic capacity; the secu- them, including many from my home over the world, only 5 percent has to go rity challenges we have by overex- State of New Jersey who are serving through the scanning process. Yet we tending our troops in such a way in there. So we need to give them a mis- are going to cut port security by 50 which all of our military leadership sion worthy of their sacrifice. I believe percent. speaks about the challenges we would that is what Senator FEINGOLD’s Mass transit: The Congress spoke in have if we had to meet another secu- amendment does. the last session and put mass transit rity challenge in the world; and basi- Beyond that, one other thing became up there, understanding we saw what cally an understanding that, God for- very clear to me. The solutions to happened in Madrid and Mumbai and bid, we had another security challenge, Iraq’s problems lie in the hands of the other places in the world. Yet the while we are still engaged in Iraq in Iraqis. We cannot achieve peace, we President cuts mass transit security by the way in which we are engaged, while cannot achieve reconciliation, we can- 56 percent. we have a resurgence in Afghanistan of not achieve power sharing, we cannot So to those who argue we cannot talk the Taliban, with some of the latest re- get Sunni, Shia, and Kurd to sit side by about the consequences of our engage- ports talking about some very fierce side at the point of a military gun. ment in Iraq in a financial context here fighting and the lack of response by As long as we continue to, in essence, at home, well, in the context of secu- NATO and a pumping up of our troops be enablers of an Iraqi leadership that rity here at home, at a time of a re- there; and looking at that scenario and has become so dependent on the United

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.047 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1174 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 States and refuses to meet the chal- of displaced Iraqis who are beginning days after this law is passed and signed lenges of the hard choices, com- to come back. And now they come back by the President. But that still permits promises, and negotiations necessary to neighborhoods and to homes where us to meet critical missions, to con- for their Government to ultimately the person living there is—not only has duct targeted operations against mem- achieve, they will never, ever feel the their home been taken over, but they bers of al-Qaida, the real threat to the urgency of now. are not even from their same sect. So United States, and affiliated inter- When the President sent 30,000 addi- they feel they cannot go live there. national terrorist organizations; to tional troops into harm’s way in Iraq I asked: How are you ready to take provide the security for our own per- last year, the purpose—his purpose, his on the displacement of several million sonnel and the infrastructure of the stated purpose; not my view of it, his of your country people coming back to U.S. Government; to provide training stated purpose—his stated purpose was the country? They have no real plan. to members of the Iraqi security forces to allow Iraqis to have the opportunity We have 80,000 or so concerned local who have not been involved in sec- and the space, the environment, to citizens, individuals who at one time tarian violence or in attacks upon the strengthen the Federal Government fought us and have decided to join us U.S. Armed Forces so that we can en- and achieve national reconciliation. but who are on the payroll—we pay sure that they can ultimately be able That, no matter how we try to paint them every week to be there—and their to stand up for their own country as it, has not been accomplished. Even expectation is they are going to be in- our major focus; and to provide train- our own benchmarks, that even the ad- tegrated either into the security forces ing, equipment, or other materiel to ministration agreed to and the Iraqis or get some type of employment. We do members of the U.S. Armed Forces to agreed to, have largely not been ac- not have from the Iraqis a clear sense ensure, maintain, or improve their complished. So to use a sports analogy, of how they are going to meet that safety and security while redeploying we keep changing the goalposts every challenge. These are 80,000 individuals members of the U.S. Armed Forces. time, further and further away from who have weapons on them. That, in my mind, is ultimately an the obligations the Iraqi leadership So when we hear about the surge, opportunity to transition with honor; has. let’s not forget what President Bush focus our mission on whom we need Not too long ago, Iraq’s Parliament said was the purpose. It was to create to—al-Qaida; strengthen the Iraqi secu- finally passed three laws, after months the space and environment necessary rity forces to meet their own chal- of bitter squabbling. We certainly for the opportunity for Iraqi leadership lenge; and send a message to the Iraqi should applaud them for that. But the to make the hard choices, com- leadership that you must do what you Bush administration is touting this promises, and negotiations, to pass the have failed to do. The opportunity has event as an end-all, be-all political benchmarks we had passed and the been given to you. We cannot continue breakthrough. But, as usual, they are Iraqis agreed to. That has failed. That an open check in terms of national taking a small bit of good news and has failed. treasure or a continuing loss of Amer- trying to whitewash the bigger picture. About security: Yes, we have created ican lives. The agreement the Iraqi Parliament greater security in Baghdad. We also Finally, I felt truly blessed to step reached is basically temporary. The have created greater segregation in onto American soil after flying back provincial powers arrangement is set Baghdad. And we have pushed the chal- from Iraq. Too many American men to expire—guess what—in 1 year—what lenges elsewhere in the country. and women over there do not have the they passed has an expiration in 1 At Combat Post X-Ray outside of option right now of taking that return year—to hold the politicians over so Baghdad, I met with troops from New flight, and too many Americans have they can have the same arguments all Jersey serving in the Air Force. An not returned, and others may not as over again next year. IED had just killed one of their col- well. I have seen firsthand how bravely Iraqi politicians are still a long way leagues and wounded several others. our troops have served, but let’s be from permanent agreements over fun- The hardest thing I have had to do in clear about that service: American damental issues because they do not 33 years of public life is to call a family troops cannot be waiting for Iraqis for- have the pressures of the necessity to and give them my condolences because ever to make the choices necessary to do so. The reason is, as long as we con- a loved one has been killed. It is the achieve success in their country. They tinue to insist in an open-ended pres- hardest thing I have had to do in public cannot be asked to serve up a func- ence in the lives of Americans and the life. It is hard enough for a parent or a tional society on a platter. They can- national treasure of the United States, wife or a husband or a mother or a fa- not be expected to be the only ones they will not make the hard choices ther to hear that when they believe serving up a functional electric grid, and compromises necessary to achieve their family member was fighting for sewer systems, or revenue-sharing lasting stability. freedom and for our security. It is in- agreements about oil. As the former When I went to Iraq and met with a comprehensible when that death was Chief of Staff said, we need the Iraqis lot of the Iraqi elected leadership and about Iraqi politicians fighting for re- to love their children more than they some of the tribal chiefs and whatnot, sources and power. hate their neighbors. That is a power- I was stunned that they kept telling When General Petraeus was here last ful truism, but that does not come at me about what America needed to do. year and came before the Senate For- the point of a gun. My response to them was: Iraq’s future eign Relations Committee, he said in If Iraqi politicians think they can sit is in your hands, not in America’s his testimony that what we have in back and keep looking at the menu of hands. You must make these decisions Iraq going on is a fight over power and options and squabble over the choices for your country. resources. no matter what, Americans will keep I know we have heard a lot about the I do not think Americans believe delivering everything they order; they surge, and certainly it depends on what that sending their sons and daughters will keep picking up the tab, they will your measurement is. If you are talk- into harm’s way so Iraqis can fight never feel the pressing urgency to build ing about greater security in Baghdad, over power and resources is a mission a functional country for themselves. It the answer is, yes, yes; no question—al- worthy of their sacrifice. There is no is time for that type of service to end. though Baghdad has become far more military solution in Iraq. Everyone, in- It is time for every American soldier to segregated as a city, so that one of the cluding General Petraeus, has admitted have the most wonderful privilege we ways in which security has been that. as Senators have had who have visited achieved is that we segregate Sunnis The only way to pressure Iraqi politi- Iraq: the privilege of booking a return and Shias into different parts of Bagh- cians into making the choices nec- home ticket. dad’s neighborhood. Maybe that is the essary to move their country forward Madam President, I yield the floor. cost. is to stop signing blank checks and to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- But when I landed, I was supposed to set a timetable to transition our troops ator from Georgia is recognized. go to Mosul. I was not able to go to back home. That is, in essence, what Mr. ISAKSON. Madam President, I Mosul because they could not guar- my colleague, Senator FEINGOLD, does. rise for just a few minutes. I know the antee my protection. We have millions He creates a transition, effective 120 distinguished Senator from Michigan

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.049 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1175 wants to speak, and I will not be long, I respect anybody being opposed to them. Most importantly of all, we have but I feel compelled to come to the our deployment in Iraq. I respect any- the finest men and women in the world floor today to speak about S. 2634, to body’s opinion in this body—or any executing that plan today around the require a report back to the people of other body, for that matter—on the world on behalf of the people of the the United States and to the Congress policy of the United States. But do not United States of America. But let’s not on our country’s plan to address al- on the one hand assume we have no require disclosure of our plan, and let’s Qaida and its affiliates on a worldwide policy and then on the other hand vote not pretend we don’t have a way to at- basis. It is very disappointing to me against every meaningful contribution tack al-Qaida and its affiliates. We do. that we would put something on the to the policy we do have, and the abso- It is called preemption. As of yet, they floor like that when, in fact, it is those lute prima facie evidence of that is haven’t hit us on our territory, in our who have objected to the plan we have FISA. Go look at the votes in the Sen- country since the day we established who are causing all of the problems we ate on who voted against the extension that as the policy of the United States are experiencing today. I wish to go of FISA, and you will find the same of America. through it for a moment because there people who are supporting and fur- I yield the floor. is a plan. thering S. 2634. It is on its face pat- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Nine days after 9/11, when the United ently unacceptable. ator from Wisconsin is recognized. States of America was attacked and Lastly, it requires recommendations Mr. FEINGOLD. Madam President, New York City was attacked and the to ensure that the global deployment will the Senator from Georgia yield for world saw the evil of al-Qaida and the of the U.S. military of personnel and a question? evil of terrorism, the President of the equipment best meets threats identi- Mr. ISAKSON. Absolutely. United States went to the floor of the fied and described in paragraph 1; and, Mr. FEINGOLD. I wish to ask the U.S. House of Representatives, and he A, doesn’t undermine the military Senator through the Chair—he indi- made a speech in which he declared a readiness; B, requires the deployment cated that our strategy vis-a-vis al- change in U.S. policy—a change from of Reserve units more than twice, once Qaida after 9/11 has to do with the doc- one of reaction to one of preemption. every 4 years; and C, requires further trine of preemption. I am intrigued by So, first of all, we don’t need a 60-day extension of deployments of members that. I know that was a justification report back to the people of the United of the U.S. Armed Forces. for going into Iraq, but I wonder if the States on what our policy is. Our pol- Let me interpret what that means. In Senator could explain how the doctrine icy is one of preemption. Now, if you 60 days, they want us to report to our of preemption is going to help us want to argue whether that is right or enemies exactly what our military de- against an organization that is existing wrong, it is fine with me, but don’t pre- ployments are going to be in the fu- in some 80 countries in the world. Are tend as though we don’t have a plan. ture. One thing you don’t do when your we going to invade and preempt 80 dif- Secondly, in terms of preemption, it sons and daughters are engaged in ferent nations? is a proposition where you don’t want harm’s way around the world is tell Mr. ISAKSON. Madam President, to see what happened on 9/11 happen your enemy what your game plan is. after seeing what al-Qaida wants to do again, so you are proactive rather than Sure, you should have one, and it to us and has done to us, I don’t think reactive. We were attacked as a coun- should be one we all listen to on the we should minimize what the effort try in the late 1990s and early 2000 fourth floor in our secured briefing might be that we have to take. seven different times in which we re- rooms, but don’t require it to be adver- I say to the Senator from Wisconsin, acted after the fact. In most cases, tised to the world. it is one of preemption, and the No. 1 those reactions were benign. In one We live in the greatest, freest, most way to preempt is to know in advance case, we sent one missile into an aspi- liberty-loving country in the world. We what the enemy is going to do, and the rin factory, but it was too late for the fight in this body every day to protect No. 1 way to do that is to be able to diplomats who had died, for the sol- the Bill of Rights. But we have to rec- surveil known enemies. That is why we diers and sailors on the Cole who had ognize something: The terrorists don’t have the FISA bill. You can preempt died, and for others who had died trag- want what we have. They don’t want us when you have the knowledge. If you ically under terrorist attack. to have what we have. They don’t want don’t have the knowledge and you strip So, first and foremost, I would sub- us to have a first amendment to pro- your intelligence agency of the busi- mit that we have a policy called pre- tect speech or for me to be able to ness, yes, they are going to grow in 80 emption. stand up here and express myself. They countries, and yes, they are going to Thirdly, I would submit it has been a don’t want a law-abiding citizen to be hit us. So we have a policy of preemp- pretty good policy because since the able to carry a firearm or own a fire- tion. The best way to preempt is to President of the United States estab- arm. They don’t want you to be able to have good intelligence, and the best lished it in that speech on the floor of worship on Sunday or worship on Fri- way to get their attention is to let the House in September of 2001, there day or worship on Saturday or worship them realize we will go after them has not been a single executed attack five times a day if you are a Muslim. wherever they are as long as they de- on the United States of America on our They want to be able to dictate how clare war on the United States of homeland. I think that is pretty good you worship and whom you worship. America. evidence that we have a plan, and a We have to remember that, as we talk Mr. FEINGOLD. So you are not refer- plan that is working in the interest of about the individual liberties and free- ring here to the doctrine of preemption the safety of the American people. dom we protect, those are the very lib- to use as a justification for invading Fourth, recommendations regarding erties al-Qaida and its affiliates, as this Iraq; you are talking about the need the distribution and deployment of bill portends, want to take away from for intelligence, is that correct? U.S. military, intelligence, diplomatic, us. The last thing we want to do is pass Mr. ISAKSON. The President of the and other assets to meet the relative legislation requiring us to give them United States—I believe it was 9 days regional and country-specific threats our game plan. after 9/11—announced the change of described in paragraph 1. The people I welcome debate on these issues any- U.S. policy to be one of preemption. who want to pass this bill are the very time we want to come to the floor. I That is what I addressed in my re- people who 2 weeks ago would not take pride in the accomplishments of marks. The FISA reference I made was allow us, in the House of Representa- the young men and women who stand to say that I found it a little unusual tives, to extend the Foreign Intel- today in Afghanistan, in Iraq, and in for the people who were supporting the ligence Surveillance Act. Here we are other places around the world fur- bill of the Senator from Wisconsin— asking what our plan is going to be. thering the interests of the United whom I completely respect—to be most Yet people are voting against the States of America and protecting us of the same people who voted against United States having the intelligence against al-Qaida and its operatives. We us having the intelligence to be able to to conduct the worldwide program have a policy, and it is called preemp- preempt them. And then to have a bill against al-Qaida and its affiliates. You tion. We have a plan, and it is our plan, that portends we don’t have a policy? I just can’t have it both ways. and it doesn’t need to be advertised to just didn’t think it made good sense.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.050 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1176 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 Mr. FEINGOLD. Madam President, if ligence and support for our intelligence businesses and farms put in economic the Senator will further yield for a operations. In fact, that is what all of danger; 591 lives that will never be the question, I understand what he is say- us are willing to see happen. But what same; 591 sets of missed opportunities ing in terms of the need for intel- we are talking about in this resolution that will never be replaced. And these ligence, but the doctrine of preemption is whether we are going to continue to members of the Michigan National that was announced by the President 9 keep our focus on a country that is now Guard make up only a fraction of the days after 9/11 and through that period in the middle of a civil war or whether 160,000 men and women in uniform cur- was not about intelligence. It had to do we are going to redirect our efforts to rently serving bravely and honorably with the notion of where we could in- address our real threats not only in Iraq, or the countless others who tervene in various nations. So I am abroad but threats at home. have served. just a little bit confused about that When we talk about the threats to In too many cases, these men and and trying to understand the connec- our families, I would suggest that if we women are back in Iraq for their sec- tion. are now spending somewhere around ond, third, or fourth redeployment. In Mr. ISAKSON. Madam President, re- $15 billion a month, some say, that addition to the 591 who are already de- sponding through the Chair, I appre- when we look at what could be done ployed, there are about 1,000 members ciate the clarification. My point is you here at home to address the very real of the Michigan National Guard who can’t intervene if you don’t know threats of job loss, people losing their have been mobilized and who will de- where it is going to happen. homes, children walking into schools ploy this year. Many of them will be Let me just make a point, if I can. I that are crumbling, the lack of health doing their second, third, or fourth de- live in the great State of Georgia, and care, those are also very important ployment to a combat zone. This year I live in a suburb of Atlanta. There will threats. alone, there will be a thousand more be a trial in April of two students at So we certainly want to make sure missed paychecks, a thousand more Georgia Institute of Technology—Geor- we are safe and address those threats missed birthdays and holidays and spe- gia Tech. Because of the PATRIOT Act abroad, but, more broadly, we have cial occasions, and a thousand more and the FISA law, our intelligence many threats affecting our families lives that will never be the same. agencies tracked communications from right now, and they expect us to use Our fighting men and women are the Islamabad, Pakistan, into Atlanta, GA, the very best judgment to keep them greatest single resource our military to the library at Georgia Tech to two safe both from threats outside our has, and this Government is abusing students, Islamic students who were country as well as from threats at that resource. America puts our trust then communicating to Toronto, Can- home, including a huge economic cloud in our military to defend us. When our ada, to establish a cell in Atlanta. over many families. sons and daughters join the military, Days before they were to activate the Madam President, I rise today to they are putting their trust in us to plan of that cell, our authorities moved lend my strong voice of support for the give them the tools, the resources they in and put them under arrest, and they Feingold legislation to provide the safe need, and to treat them with the re- are going to trial. The cell was never redeployment of U.S. troops from Iraq, spect they have earned. The current activated. No lives were lost. That is and to refocus us on, in fact, those administration policies on redeploy- how you preempt. You preempt things that are threats to our country ment have violated that trust. Those through intelligence, you preempt from and to the families of this country. To- policies have let our troops down. Once knowing what the enemy is going to do night, 591 members of the Michigan Na- again, I am proud to join with my col- before they do it, and you preempt by tional Guard will bed down after a long league from Wisconsin in saying: having the strong intelligence and day of working and fighting and facing Enough is enough when it comes to military forces to make it work. danger at every turn in the harshest placing our armed services in harm’s Mr. FEINGOLD. Madam President, I physical conditions imaginable. For way by stretching them to the break- appreciate the Senator responding to every single one of these men and ing point with redeployment after rede- me. I will simply say that I virtually women, a family will go to sleep in ployment. Enough is enough when it agree with that general proposition Michigan tonight worried that their comes to being in the middle of a civil that we need to be able to have the in- son or daughter, father or mother, sis- war. And enough is enough when it formation and we need to stop terrorist ter or brother won’t make it home. comes to this administration taking its attacks, and I am glad we were able to The true cost of this war cannot be eye off the ball on the war on terror. do it in Georgia. measured in dollars and cents. The real We are all aware of the worsening sit- But the fact is, al-Qaida is operating cost is measured in the sacrifices of our uation in Afghanistan. However, this in 80 countries around the world, and brave men and women and their fami- administration continues to focus on a because of putting so much focus on lies every day. This cost is more than civil war in Iraq. Our Armed Forces Iraq, including so much focus of our in- just the possibility and the reality of have traveled a tough road since we in- telligence system in Iraq, we don’t physical danger. This cost includes the vaded Iraq. They have shouldered a have the adequate resources to pre- sacrifices that every single American heavy burden with pride, with con- empt terrorist attacks throughout the family makes by being apart from each fidence, and with honor. We have asked world. That is the very problem. There other time and time again. It isn’t extraordinary things from them at are terrorist attacks going on in places right what is happening; it isn’t fair; it every turn, and at every turn they have such as Algeria and Morocco and Af- isn’t safe. It isn’t making us safer as a delivered. They have done us all proud. ghanistan and Southeast Asia, and be- country, and we need to change this They have faced tough situations and cause we are so consumed with Iraq, we policy. have done their duty. Now we need to can’t pursue the very notion of pre- That is why I am so grateful that, do what is right for them. It is time to empting the terrorist attacks to which once again, Senator REID has made it a face the tough situations. It is time to the Senator from Georgia properly re- priority for us to focus on the war in make the hard choices, to make them fers. Iraq and what is happening to troops proud of us, and it is time to remove I yield the floor. and families and people here at home, them from the civil war in Iraq, to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- and the cost of the lost opportunity by change course, and to refocus, as this ator from Michigan is recognized. spending upwards of $15 billion a bill does, and redistribute our re- Ms. STABENOW. Madam President, month now in Iraq. sources to those areas that truly ad- first let me indicate that as my col- Tonight 591 Guard members in Iraq, dress the threats facing our families leagues were speaking a moment ago, I with 591 families at home, 591 will have and our country. think it is incredibly important to un- missed birthdays, missed Father’s Days America’s soldiers, sailors, airmen, derstand that, in fact, we are talking and Mother’s Days, missed high school and marines are always there when we about a threat in 80 countries, and we graduations and children’s first steps call on them. The question is: Will we do have a FISA law that, in fact, has or anniversaries or family funerals or be there for them? What this legisla- worked, and no one is suggesting we do holidays; 591 will have missed pay- tion proposes is as simple as it is right. not have the need for strong intel- checks, sidetracked careers, with small It requires our forces in Iraq to target

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.051 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1177 operations against al-Qaida and other Iraq, by not providing the proper equip- to have joined in working with many of international terrorist groups. ment and body armor and logistical my colleagues to focus on the new al- Why is this important? Because al- support for the troops, by poor plan- ternative energy technologies and Qaida has declared war against us. We ning on the invasion in Iraq and the other things we need to do—small in- know that. The people in Iraq are in lack of planning for how to secure the vestments with huge results for energy the middle of a civil war that is some- country and what would happen after independence and creating more jobs thing they now have to address and the initial attack. I believe they have and addressing global warming. come to terms with and bring their failed by sending our brave men and And yet we consistently hear there own resources to address. So while our women back into harm’s way over and are not the resources for any new in- troops are in Iraq, they should be tar- over again without the proper rest be- vestments in America. There are so geting those who have said they wished tween redeployments. many areas where we are told there is to do harm to us. History will be a harsh judge of this no money: for doing the bold research Also, our troops in Iraq would be re- administration, because I believe they we need to solve Alzheimer’s and Par- quired to focus on providing security have failed the American people. This kinson’s disease and to aggressively for U.S. personnel, of course, and that administration failed because they move forward on other health research; is extremely necessary in order to took their eye off the ball. This legisla- the desire not to help those who lost bring them home safely. I understand tion is about putting our eye back on their jobs because of trade, to be able the Iraqi security forces are still devel- the target of what we ought to be doing to go back and get the training they oping, still learning, as I have met with together. need to be able to move on to new them in traveling to Iraq. We have In closing, let me reemphasize the kinds of jobs so that we have a middle heard certainly of the continual need fact that while the most important class in this country; and that families to train, the need for them to continue thing is to be supporting our troops, to can pay their mortgage and electric to develop, and we know we have a role be addressing the threats to them bill and heating bill and know that in supporting that, and this bill recog- while they are in harm’s way, to ad- they have the opportunity to keep nizes that fact. It would allow our dress the lives lost and the people who their standard of living in our country. troops to continue to train Iraqi secu- are coming home who will need help There is a lot at stake. And this bill, rity forces, but only if our troops are the rest of their lives, it is also impor- while it focuses on what we need to do training the Iraqis who have not been tant to look at this from the stand- to change the mission, to refocus on involved in the sectarian violence or point of the precious resources that ways to truly keep us safe, to begin to attacks against our troops. have been lost at a time when so many bring our troops home from Iraq, from This bill will allow our troops to con- American families are struggling. We a civil war where we need to leave and tinue to train the Iraqi security forces, always make decisions based on values redirect our troops to those areas but only if that training does not re- and priorities, and it is shocking to me, where, in fact, we will be focusing on sult in our troops being in combat. as we have seen this war go forward, to the real threat to our country, that is, Training, yes; but they need to step up see upwards of, some say $12 billion, on the surface, what this legislation at this point, after 5 years, and be the some say now upwards of $15 billion a does. ones at the front line. month—not part of the normal budg- I would suggest it does more than This bill also brings our troops home et—going directly on the national def- that because this is about who we are safely. It specifically allows our mili- icit, the national debt, to be paid by as Americans, what our priorities are: tary to train and equip itself to ensure our children and grandchildren. But No. 1, how to make sure we are truly its safety. Most importantly, it re- let’s say it is $15 billion a month. To smart enough to be focused on what quires that we begin to bring our see that continue month after month keeps us safe; and, No. 2, understanding troops home. after month, and to see us work to- that we have much to do in our coun- This administration said a surge was gether on a bipartisan basis to pass a try. necessary; that the surge would give critically important piece of legisla- Our families are feeling squeezed on the Government of Iraq the time to tion to increase health care for 10 mil- all sides. Communities need help, and reach the political solutions necessary lion children across this country, we have an opportunity to not only re- to end their civil war and to end the vi- which costs only $7 billion a year, and direct our troops and our focus but to olence. They said time was needed. yet that is vetoed—there is not a will- redirect critical dollars to be able to Well, the Government has had time, ingness to invest in American children make sure, in fact, we are finally put- and during this time our troops have to the tune of less than half of what it ting the interests of America’s families continued to pay the price. Our troops is costing per month in Iraq—these are first. have been caught in the middle of a the wrong values and wrong priorities. I urge my colleagues to support this civil war. They have been victims of We see schools being rebuilt in Iraq, important bill. IEDs. They have come home with post- and yet I can go in too many schools in I yield the floor. traumatic stress disorder and other Michigan where there is a bucket in The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. mental and physical ailments. The bot- the corner to catch the water dripping SALAZAR). The Senator from South tom line is, it is time for our troops to from the roof, or we don’t have the Carolina is recognized. be placed first and to begin to bring kind of computer technology in the Mr. GRAHAM. Mr. President, I think them home. classroom every single child will need the Senator from Oklahoma will return That is all this bill does, and it does to know how to use in any job they get, in a moment. If it would be appro- that while allowing our troops to con- from working at a gas station to work- priate, I would suggest that he go. I tinue to focus on who we all agree is ing at a technology company. We know think he will go next, followed by my- the real enemy: Al-Qaida. we have crumbling roads and bridges self, a Democrat, then Senator SES- On October 11, 2002, I was proud to be here in America. We know every time SIONS. 1 of 23 Members of this body who stood we invest in and rebuild in America, I will get started. Senator COBURN, I in this Chamber and said the war was those are jobs that aren’t going to be think, has been to Iraq just a week or the wrong choice. This administration, outsourced to another country. Those so ago. I look forward to hearing what I believe, since that time has in fact are American jobs—rebuilding Amer- he has to say about the condition on failed our troops and the American ican roads and American bridges and the ground as he found it. people by committing our troops to a water and sewer systems in America. And to my friend, Senator FEINGOLD, war without a clear reason or goal, and We are told we can’t do that, that one thing I think all of us should agree by squandering resources that are des- there are not the resources to invest in upon is that you pushed this idea of perately needed here at home to re- America, but we are spending $15 bil- withdrawing from Iraq for a very long build America and to invest in Amer- lion a month in Iraq. time. There is no question in my mind ican communities. This administration We now have a whole new group of that you are very sincere, that you be- has failed our troops by not having a industries producing what are called lieve it makes America stronger not clear mission for our Armed Forces in green collar jobs, and I am very proud weaker, and that if the polls were 90–10

VerDate Aug 31 2005 04:10 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.052 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1178 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 to stay, you would be doing this, sim- The desire of the Senator from Wis- total destabilization of the Mideast. ply because that is what motivated you consin to have us out in a way that But beyond all of that, what I see is as a Senator. limits our exposure is something that I tremendous additional tragedy that we I have nothing but the utmost re- would love to be able to see. But the will have impacted onto the people of spect for what makes you tick as a practical nature of what he wants to Iraq, and in the deaths of 500,000 to 1 Senator. I know you take on some very accomplish could not be accomplished million more people. difficult challenges, sometimes not in less than 18 to 24 months. I mean, it And the question ought to be: Do we popular, and this particular piece of could not happen. You go and talk to have a moral obligation to fix what we legislation, I think, is ill-advised. I will the military; it could not happen with- started? The assessment of the Senator speak for a while as to why it should be out us leaving tons of equipment. from Wisconsin is that we cannot fix it defeated. But the point is, we should not dwell so therefore we ought to come home, But the author of the amendment is on that. The point is, did we make the we ought to get out, that it was a mis- consistent, is as patriotic as anybody necessary changes that can create an take to begin with; it does not matter else who will speak, and we need more outcome that gives us an honorable what has happened in the past other of this, not less. So what is the Senate exit from the situation, and does it than we learned from it. all about? We are talking about impor- leave a genocide behind? I firmly be- The question is, what can we do tant things. There are a million things lieve, having traveled—my trip prior to about the future? I want to tell you, I going on in this country that need to this one was 6 months before the surge. do not buy everything the Pentagon be addressed. But I think taking some I want to tell you the difference is like says. I am pretty critical across their time to talk about Iraq, where we are, night and day, everywhere I went. I du- spending, across everything else. I ac- where we are going to go, and how we plicated places I went before. cused them of lying to me on the train- are going to get there is probably time So with the earnestness that the Sen- ing of Iraqi troops in 2006. well spent. I think most Americans are ator from Wisconsin drives his posi- But when you see what has been very interested in the outcome in Iraq. tion, we ought to reflect on what has transformed in the training of troops Having just returned from Iraq, I been accomplished. I also find it very in Iraq, which is comparable to our think Senator COBURN can give us his disingenuous to talk about the cost of training of our own troops over the view of what he found. this war by the person who sponsored same period of time, and what they I yield the floor and will speak after more legislation and greater Govern- have accomplished both in terms of he is through. ment spending than anybody in this synergism with both their equipment, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- body in the 109th Congress, in the first their military leaders, and their ator from Oklahoma is recognized. session of this Congress. troops, and they walk out of training Mr. COBURN. Mr. President, first of The fact is, $349 billion worth of new as a Sunni and Shia together and you all, I, too, want to express my respect spending was coauthored by the Sen- see that and you say we are going to for the Senator from Wisconsin. We ator from Michigan last year, $349 bil- walk away from that, we are not going have a lot of things on which we agree. lion, the same Senator who voted to to finish it, we are going to allow this This happens to be something on which fund the bridge to nowhere. thing to collapse—and it will. we adamantly disagree. But I appre- I happen to agree we ought to be pay- So then the question is, have we ciate, as someone who pushes the lim- ing for the war. We ought to be paying made another mistake in not fulfilling its in this body, his desire to have this for the war, and we could easily pay for an obligation in something that we debate because I think it is important. the war by eliminating wasteful spend- started? I do not believe we can do We just heard the Senator from ing. that. If we do that, I think the blood of Michigan talk, and the statement I would direct you to the Reader’s Di- every Iraqi that is displaced or dies would have been a fairly accurate re- gest last month where they estimated after that is on us—not on the Taliban, flection 2 years ago. But it has nothing $1 trillion we are missing in wasteful not on al-Qaida, not on Shia extrem- to do, and it is not even anywhere spending. That is an underestimate. So ists, not on Sunni extremists but on us. close, to what is ongoing in Iraq today. for us to make a claim of a fiscal na- We can win. We will win. We can. I think the case could have been ture, by the person who has cospon- There is political progress all across made 2 years ago that Iraq was in a sored more spending than anybody in the board, locally and at the regional civil war. Nobody who has visited Iraq this body, and has voted against and at the national government level. I in the last 2 months can make that amendments to decrease wasteful would remind the Members of this body claim. It is not there. Outside of the spending, is somewhat less than gen- how long it took us to get a func- Green Zone, I met with people whose uine, I believe. tioning government, a functioning gov- daughters had been murdered by al- I think the other thing that needs to ernment after our independence, one Qaida. I met with people whose father be said is we had a debate, and we actu- that was based on a constitution, one had been murdered. I met with both ally funded the surge. It actually hap- that was based on the rule of law. It Sunni and Shia in the same village, in pened. We ought to be talking about was not smooth sailing. We did not do multiple villages, who had reconciled what happened with that. To me, it is it in a short period of time. And we did because they reject the terrorism of al- phenomenal, the difference. I will tell not even get it right when it came to Qaida. you, I am very—we lost a soldier from equal rights of individuals. We did not There is no question lots of mistakes Ardmore, OK, a 19-year-old soldier get it right. Yet we are frustrated with have been made with the Iraq policy. killed by an IED. that. But the claims under which we try to How can it be that we can continue I see a new day in Iraq. It is not over. describe Iraq today in light of how it to do this unless we are doing it for the It is dangerous, it is still very dan- was 12 months ago are fictitious at best right reasons and the right cause? I be- gerous. But the progress, the improve- and damaging probably in terms of lieve if we walk away, no matter how ment, the reconciliation between Shia what the truth is. we got there, rightly or wrongly, if we and Sunni is unbelievable. Do we find ourselves in a very dif- walk away, what I see happening, from In province across province, the Shia, ficult situation? Absolutely. Is this an my experience in Iraq in 1993 after the the Sunni awaking, the sons of Iraq expensive war? Absolutely. Would we first gulf war and before this one, as a phenomenon, the coordination of local all like to not be where we are? I think medical missionary, here is what I see governments across ethnic lines is in almost everybody would agree to that. happening: If we do what the Senator stark contrast with what was there a But probably the more important ques- from Wisconsin wants us to do, and we year and a half ago. Do we just aban- tion for me is, where are we today com- effectively carry this out, I see an un- don that? Think about the message it pared to where we were 12 months ago, stable northern Iraq. I see a war be- sends if we are not going to create a and have, in fact, the mistakes of the tween Iran, Turkey, and Kurdistan. I stable Iraq. What immediately do they past been reflected in policies that see a marked civil war between Shia do? They immediately start going to have changed and bode for a greater fu- and Sunni, with involvement of the their own intrinsic ethnic corner. We ture absent additional mistakes? Sunni Triangle, Sunni crescent. I see a divide. We send the Kurds one way, the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.054 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1179 Shia one way, and the Sunni one way. vidually, in talking to Shia and Sunni struggle against radical Islamic ter- We create a holocaust. families while over there, outside of rorism. At the time Saddam Hussein I want to say publicly I have had a the Green Zone, walking among them was invaded and replaced, it wasn’t to lot of misgivings about what our coun- without protection, seeing the hope in drive al-Qaida out of Iraq, absolutely try has done in the Middle East. But I their eyes that finally things are going not. It was a dictator who had created have no misgivings at all at this time to get back to where they can take war and chaos in the region as long as about the course we are on. The leader- care of their families, move ahead with he had been a dictator, who had defied ship of General Petraeus, the leader- their goals and their personal lives, the 17 U.N. resolutions to let us inspect his ship of Ambassador Crocker, the lead- leadership exhibited by our military, weapons program. It was the Russians, ership of the people within Iraq, not just in leadership roles but all the the French, and every other intel- sheikhs within small communities way down to the private and what they ligence organization in the world be- risking their lives every day to stand are doing and how they are doing it lieving that Saddam Hussein was try- up and say: I will join hands with a and how they are carrying it out in ing to acquire weapons of mass de- Sunni, with the Shia. I am going to re- Iraq, is something we can all be proud struction. It was basically neutering ject al-Qaida and we are going to get of. I don’t think we should jeopardize the effectiveness of the U.N. The Oil for our lives back together—that is hap- what they are doing by voting for this Food Program designed to help the pening. That is a dynamic that is force- bill. It is great for us to question. Iraqi people and control the dictator fully happening because people want Sometimes we haven’t done that well was a joke. So the reason we invaded peace. enough. But to ignore the reality of Iraq is because the dictator was This will eliminate that movement. what is happening today in Iraq and defying the world. He made us want to This will create insecurity. This will the trend lines and the movement lines believe he was trying to procure weap- drive people to their corners. This will and the economic growth lines and the ons. Because if he wasn’t, he should drive people to extreme positions. In power lines and the oil production lines have opened his country to inspection. fact, what we have accomplished in the and the agreement among Shia and He was living off the Oil for Food Pro- last 12 months will be denuded and Sunni at all of these regional and pro- gram. neutered out to the point where we will vincial levels, to ignore that is a grave We had 70 something Senators vote have created a worse situation rather mistake on our part. to authorize force. The reason most of than a better one. It is my hope that we don’t carry for- us voted that way is because all the To the soldiers and families who have ward with this idea. It is also my hope evidence possessed by everybody in the sacrificed so much in this war, I say that we will truly recognize, not be world suggested that Saddam Hussein thank you from my family. The real blinded, not be sold a bill of goods. I was not becoming the solution to the am not suggesting that. We should ask problem of the administration, the Mideast; he was still the problem. mistake they made, is we should all be the tough questions. But to deny the What happened? We displaced the sacrificing for this war, not just our marked change, the tremendous dictator and we got it very badly military families. We have refused to progress, the tremendous freedom, the wrong after the fall of Baghdad. We had do that as Members of the Senate by tremendous lifting of the burden on the a model that was short on troops. making sure that we pay for this war, Iraqi people that has happened in the There was a period of time when we al- by getting rid of things that are lower last 12 months and not say that means lowed the country to become lawless. priorities, getting rid of things that are something and not say that that means Instead of stopping looting and pil- we are going absolutely in the right di- duplicative. We didn’t do that. We said, laging, we let it grow. We disbanded rection—we haven’t won this war, but we will charge it to our kids. We can’t the Iraqi Army, and they could have we certainly have them on the run. We ruffle any feathers and make the hard been helpful, at least some of them. We certainly have the Iraqi people enam- choices. made a lot of mistakes after the fall of ored with us to the point where we are The Senator from Michigan said: We Baghdad. For about 3 years plus, we not despised. We are welcome now in do things based on value and priorities. were pursuing a strategy that was not the vast majority of Iraq. In 95 percent That is baloney. We do things based on producing results. Why? Because we of Iraq we are welcome because we are how we get reelected, with the excep- didn’t have enough troops. The enemy a liberator of them from al-Qaida, not tion of the Senator from Wisconsin, was getting stronger, not weaker. from Saddam but from al-Qaida, the who is one of the most honorable men We had a great debate last year as to one who cut their 8-year-old daughter’s in this body. He never thinks about whether we should change course. Ev- head off because she looked at them that issue. He thinks about what he erybody in the body suggested we wrong, the ruthlessness of radical thinks is right. But the way we do change course, because it was clear the Islam. That is what is at stake right things around here is what is politi- old strategy was not working and it now. We can differ in our approach on cally expedient, not what is right. For was depressing to go to Iraq and hear how we might battle that, but this is her to claim that that is how we do the people in charge on the ground say the heat sink right now. Iraq is the things, when we can’t even get rid of things are fine, when you knew they heat sink for al-Qaida. It is where they billions of dollars in duplicative pro- are, where they are coming. weren’t. grams, $8 billion worth of buildings We are winning. The Iraqi people are I am not a military commander. I am that the Pentagon wants to get rid of winning, and the Iraqi troops are win- a military lawyer. But common sense because it might ruffle some politi- ning. Let’s not destroy that. would have told you a couple years ago cian’s feathers somewhere—we don’t do I yield the floor. that this thing was slipping away. So it things based on priority or on value. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- was time to act and change course. We do it on political expediency. ator from South Carolina. There were two ways to do it. You Again, I thank the troops and the Mr. GRAHAM. Mr. President, I re- could pull the plug and start pulling families who are sacrificing. I am turned Thursday of last week from Iraq people out or you could add more amazed at the progress that has been after my tenth visit. A year ago this troops to secure the Nation in a way made, literally amazed. I believe we time I quite honestly thought we were that we should have done after the fall ought to honestly look at that before going to lose this thing—incredibly de- of Baghdad. we walk a different direction. We ought pressed, because you could see over I will take responsibility for my to truly reassess where we are. It is a about a 21⁄2 to 3-year period it getting point of view of not pushing harder big price. I know it is. We have paid a worse with each visit. Things have early on to have more troops. But I can big price in this endeavor. It is fair to changed dramatically. But it is impor- promise you this: For a couple years, question whether we should continue tant for every Senator to put Iraq in along with Senator MCCAIN, we pretty it. But it is not fair to not look at what context so their constituents and the much were the lone voices to add more has happened over the last 12 months Nation can judge what our proposals into Iraq. As the polling numbers on in a realistic and open assessment that are and what makes us tick on Iraq. Iraq changed, the desire to add more says, is there light at the end of the I believe Iraq is the central battle- troops dramatically got more difficult tunnel? I will tell you, there is. Indi- front, not the only one, in the overall for a politician. But that is what we

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.056 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1180 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 needed. I am here to tell you a year America. Iran would be the biggest ferent sect, and they kill your family. after the surge began that those who winner, second only to al-Qaida. And Now, what kind of world is that? The said the war in Iraq was lost were Iraq would be a chaotic place where the violence in Iraq had gotten so out of wrong. Those who said the surge had Sunni-Shia fight would spill over to control that the idea of political rec- failed last April before it even started the region. If you think there is a prob- onciliation, to me, was impossible. To were wrong. Senator FEINGOLD passion- lem now between Turkey and the Kurd- expect people to go to Baghdad and ately believes that the troop presence ish rebels up in the north, imagine a solve their nation’s problems—because in Iraq should change, and he was sug- collapsed Iraq. What is that worth to the threat of violence covered the gesting withdrawal long before it was prevent? Let me tell you what it is country, I knew we would never get popular. There are some people who worth. It is worth everything we have reconciliation. But here is what I have been playing Iraq for the next to throw at it. hoped. election, not for the next generation or Let’s talk about the troops for a I hoped if we could turn this around the next decade. They have made bold minute. We all appreciate them. I don’t and reduce civilian casualties and re- statements such as it is all lost, that doubt that one bit. But answer this duce the level of attacks and reduce we have lost in Iraq. They never told us question: Why do they reenlist after sectarian deaths—which have de- who won, because wars are about win- serving in Iraq and Afghanistan at creased by 90 percent in the Baghdad ning and losing. higher levels than anywhere else in the security districts; listen to this: a 90- If you believe, as I do, that this is a military? What do they see that we percent reduction in sectarian killings battle in a greater war, could you af- don’t see? Why do they keep going in Baghdad—I always believed if we ford to lose? What is the price to the back the second and third and fourth could do that, the Iraqi people would United States to lose a battle against time? rise to the occasion because they do al-Qaida anywhere in the world? What My opinion is: They get it. They un- want a new Iraq. That was my bet. would it cost us as a nation for al- derstand their commitment and their That was my hope. And if they do not Qaida to be able to stand on every sacrifice now will prevent their chil- want it as much as I want it, or more street corner in the Middle East and dren from having to go to such a battle than I want it, then it is never going to tell people: We drove the Americans in the future. And they buy this idea happen. out of Iraq? They came to Iraq after that if we can contain extremism and But here is the evidence, after a year the fall of Baghdad for the very reason defeat it in Iraq, we are safer here at of sacrifice, blood, and treasure—not we went into Iraq, except with a dif- home. They believe it so much they just by us but by the Iraqi people. ferent result in mind. We wanted to re- keep going and going and going. Their army and security forces have in- place the dictator and allow people in Let me tell you something no one creased by 100,000. Iraq who had been oppressed for 30- said yet: Well done. We should take Let me tell you what it is like to go something years to have a better life this 30 hours and celebrate what I to the recruiting station in Berkeley. and ally themselves with us and be a think is the most successful military You get pushed back because of the peaceful neighbor rather than an agent counterinsurgency operation in the city council ordinance. for destruction in the region. We want- history of the world. We should take Let me tell you what it was like to ed to allow a woman to have a say the 30 hours and go over in detail what go to the recruiting station in parts of about her children. We wanted Sunnis the commanders and the troops under Iraq a year ago. They were killing peo- and Shias to be able to live together their command have accomplished. It ple who were trying to join the army and prosper. We wanted a peaceful Iraq. is a phenomenal story that will be and security forces. They were attack- Al-Qaida saw what we were doing, talked about in military history for ing recruiting stations. They were get- and they came in droves to make sure decades to come. It has exceeded every ting the names of those who wanted to we were not successful. The question expectation I had. Adding more troops join the army and security forces, and has to be: Why does bin Laden care into Iraq, I thought, was essential and they were coming after their families; about Iraq? Why is he sending every- would matter, but I never dreamed it and they still came. body he can get to go into Iraq? Why is would matter this much. I have been to Iraq 10 times, and I he disappointed with the performance Let’s talk about what has happened can tell you, I met people the first cou- of al-Qaida in Iraq? Because he said the since the surge began. ple visits who are now dead because the land of the two rivers is the great bat- Monthly attack levels have decreased terrorists killed them. Because what tle of our time. The land of the two riv- 60 percent since June of 2007 and are the people were trying to do is create a ers is Iraq. Bin Laden, no matter what now at the same levels as early as in moderate form of living that is an ab- you think about him, understands the 2005 and some points of 2004. In other solute nightmare for al-Qaida. consequences of us succeeding in Iraq. words, we are rolling back the clock on I have always believed, after having It is a nightmare to his way of doing attacks. gone there so many times, that the business. The thought of a woman Civilian deaths are down approxi- Iraqi people are willing to die for their being able to run for office, hold office, mately 75 percent since a year ago, own freedom, and if they can pull this have a say about her children is a dropping to a level not seen since the off, it makes me and my family and my nightmare. The idea that Sunni, Shias, beginning of 2006. country safer. So that is why we stay, and Kurds can live together and not be Now, what does that mean? The bet- that is why we fight. And we are win- told how to worship God is an absolute ter security, the more likely the Iraqi ning. affront to his way of thinking. The idea people will step up to the plate and rec- What has happened in the last 60 to that the Iraqi people would align them- oncile their differences. I have always 90 days? Not only have we reduced the selves with us for a peaceful Mideast believed that was the key to stabilizing level of attacks by 60 percent—and ci- must drive him crazy. Iraq. vilian deaths are down by 75 percent They came, al-Qaida, with a mission Now, when we try to do things such and sectarian deaths are down by 90 in mind. That was to drive us out and as immigration—and my good friend in percent—we have doubled the amount kill this effort at moderation. Thank the chair knows how hard that is—they of weapons caches found because we are God the President changed course with run awful ads against you and say ter- getting better information from the a mission in mind. We put more troops rible things about you on the radio and population. They are telling us things on the ground beginning last February. make life pretty difficult for a politi- they did not tell us before. A year later I am here to tell my col- cian to take on the hard things. Every- Ten of the eighteen provinces have leagues, it worked. All of those who body likes doing the easy things. Very been taken over by Iraqi security said we had lost in Iraq and the surge few of us like doing the hard things. forces. The Iraqi security forces grew had failed were absolutely wrong. But when you do the hard things, you by 100,000 in 2007 and stand now at Thank God we didn’t listen to them. get a lot of push-back. But we keep more than half a million. Because if we had left Iraq, al-Qaida, as trying. All I can tell you is the Iraqi people sure as I am standing here, would be Imagine trying to sit down across the have taken the opportunity we pro- claiming all over the world they beat table or the aisle with someone of a dif- vided them with the surge to stand up

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.057 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1181 for their own freedom. They are dying going to be allowed to get some of their That is progress. That is hope. That at 3 to 1 our rate. They have paid a jobs back. What does that mean in real is al-Qaida’s worst nightmare. heavy price. Our country has paid a terms? That means the Shias and the The one that means the most to me heavy price. But the reason the Iraqis Kurds have looked at a former oppres- is that the general amnesty law was re- keep coming after somebody falls is be- sive group—people who ran Saddam’s cently passed. I have been a military cause they want a better way. government—and said: Come on back. lawyer for 25 years and a student of If I had to put in a story line the Let’s build a new Iraq. history to some extent. What happened most important aspect of the surge, it My God, what a statement to make. in Baghdad is astonishing. The prisons would be as follows: A Muslim country How hard that must have been for peo- are full of insurgents. People aligned made up of different Islamic sects ple who have lived under the thumb of themselves with the insurgency during turned on al-Qaida. Listen to that. Saddam Hussein and the people who this lawless period. Blood has been With better security and a strong com- ran his government, to turn to that taken and shed from each group, one to mitment from the United States that same group and say: Let’s move for- the other. Most of the people in jail are we will be your ally, we will not leave ward. Come back and help us build a Sunnis. There are more and more Shia you, we will not abandon you to this new Iraq. militia, but right now it is Sunnis. A provincial powers law just passed. vicious enemy, they slowly but surely The central government in Baghdad turned on al-Qaida, beginning in Anbar What does that mean? It means the central government in Iraq, where the passed a general amnesty law where a and now marching throughout the committee will be formed of all groups whole country. Shias dominate, has allowed the oppor- tunity for local elections to occur in to go through the files of those in pris- What does that mean for the overall on to allow them to come back home war on terror? That is something we October of this year, hopefully. That means that the Sunnis in Anbar and be part of the new Iraq. That is a should be on the floor celebrating be- level of forgiveness and a desire to cause the way you win this war is not: can actually elect their own local lead- ership. They can elect people to send to start over that had to be incredibly dif- Kill every terrorist. The way you win ficult because there is nothing sweeter this war is: You stand by forces of mod- Baghdad to represent their interests. That means the Shias in the south than revenge. eration and you give them the ability are going to have a chance to elect The people who were on the bottom and the tools to change their own des- their equivalent of a mayor, a county in Iraq for a long time, the Shias and tiny. councilman, a Governor. the Kurds, and those in the Sunni Look what has happened. Anbar It means the central government, world who were trying to basically pre- Province, a year ago, was determined dominated by Shias, has turned to vent Iraq from coming together as one, lost by the Marine Corps. This year, every province in Iraq—Sunni, Shia, have now seen it is better for them to they celebrate a 5–K run through the and Kurd—and said: Instead of us run- chart a new destiny, a new course to- streets of Ramadi. Why? Because the ning your life, you elect your local gether. They have a long way to go, sheiks, the tribal leaders, the average leaders. and they are going to be fought at citizen said no to al-Qaida, aligned That means they bought into this every turn. themselves with us, and al-Qaida has idea of democracy, where people vote been diminished in great measure. If you understand nothing else from for whom they want to make local de- this speech, as Senator MCCAIN would To those who want to defeat al- cisions. Qaida, stay with the Iraqi people and say, understand this: al-Qaida is dimin- Here is what I predict: that in 2008 ished, but they are not defeated. Their help them defeat al-Qaida. What a mes- there will be provincial elections, and sage to the Mideast: Muslims turn on goal tonight or tomorrow or the next there will be a huge turnout. In 2005, day is to create a spectacular attack al-Qaida with American support. What the Sunnis boycotted the elections in that will make headlines all over the is that worth? That is priceless. That is Iraq because they were not certain that world, and people in this body will re- how we win the war. democracy was for them, and they were spond to those headlines and try to GEN David Petraeus should have afraid of being left out. It is the Sunnis change course in policy. I would argue been the man or person of the year. who are pushing for local elections, and the worst thing we could do is allow What he has accomplished in a year ab- they were able to win in Baghdad. solutely is stunning, militarily. It has They passed a $48 billion budget— one of the most vicious movements in come at a heavy price in blood and something we cannot do. A $48 billion the history of mankind to change treasure. But to all those who have budget has been passed, with the bless- American foreign policy because they served under his command, congratula- ing of all groups, that will allow money have the ability and the desire to com- tions. You have made military history. to flow from Baghdad to reconstruct mit mass murder. So beware of al- You have made your country safer. the country in every corner. Qaida. They are diminished, but they You have been al-Qaida’s worst night- The hardest thing for one politician are not yet defeated, and they know mare. And we are not going to let the to do for another is to reach a deal in they can’t win in Iraq, but they are Congress undercut you. allocating resources because you al- still not sure they can’t win in Wash- Now, the surge was not just about ways want more for your people and ington. They are not going to win in killing al-Qaida. The surge was about less for the others. We still do that Anbar. They are not going to win in providing better security so the Iraqi here. I love Colorado, but I like South Baghdad, they are not going to win in people could build capacity to defeat Carolina to get its fair share; and usu- Fallujah, they are not going to win in their own enemy, enemies within their ally that means I care more about Diyala, and they are not going to win country, and reconcile themselves. South Carolina spending than I do Col- in Basra. But the question is, Can they There have been major benchmarks orado. But people, such as the Pre- still win in Washington? I hope the an- out there for political reconciliation siding Officer and myself and every- swer after this debate is no. If we for quite a while. I said in October of body else in this body, usually were would take winning in Washington off last year, if I do not see progress by able to give and take and get a budget the table, reconciliation in Iraq would January or February of 2008, I am that helps everybody. go at a faster pace, not a slower pace. going to reevaluate my position vis-a- Can you imagine how hard that must Economic progress in the last year: vis the Iraqi central government. One be for a group of people who have lived Oil production in Iraq has risen by 50 thing I can tell you, after a year, and under a dictator who have never had percent over what it was a year ago. going into March of 2008, the Iraqi po- that responsibility before and who have Oil production is up 50 percent because litical reconciliation has astonished been suffering from violence inspired of better security. Oil revenues are me. by al-Qaida, sectarian in nature? They double what they were a year ago, and They have passed the were able to overcome that hatred and the Iraqi central government has debaathification law, and they deserve that bitterness that has been inspired shared the resources with everybody in credit for it. What does it mean? It by al-Qaida and say to each other: Here the country. Inflation has fallen from means Sunnis who held jobs in the is the money of the country. You get 66 percent to less than 5 percent in a Government during the Saddam era are your share. year. What does better security buy

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.058 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1182 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 you? It buys you a functioning econ- is doing and brave young men and complain about the heat or their equip- omy, political reconciliation, and bet- women who are sacrificing because ment or their long tours of duties. ter military security. Electricity de- they understand the need to sacrifice. Many of our Minnesota National Guard mand is up more than 25 percent since They are excited. They want to come extended over and over and over again. last year. People are purchasing, they home, but more than anything else, They really only asked me to do one are buying, they are building hopeful they want to win. That is why they thing, and that was when I got home, lives. There are 21 new health clinics in keep going, going, going, and going. that I call their moms and dads, their Baghdad, 1,885 new schools, and 604 re- They are going to win unless we do husbands and their wives, and tell furbished schools throughout Iraq. something here at home to make it them they were OK. People say: What about South Caro- hard for them to do so. When I got home, I talked to their lina? What about the schools in South The worst thing we could do now as a families. I think I called over 50 moms Carolina? Lord knows we have our fair nation is to ignore the results of the and dads, husbands and wives. I heard a share of educational challenges in last year, worry more about the next little bit different story. I heard stories South Carolina and, like every other election than we do about winning this of families waiting and waiting and place in the country, we could use global war, and try to get an advantage waiting, with anxiety over jobs that more money. But I am here to tell my over each other based on the next elec- might be lost or never gotten back. constituents that the price to be paid tion cycle. I hope the Members of this One of the moms I talked to when I in blood and treasure in the future los- body will understand that the turn- went back in March—I left a message ing Iraq is far greater than the price we around in Iraq is not only dramatic, it for her. A few months later, I called are paying now, in my opinion. If I did makes us safer as a nation here at her again when her son had been killed. not believe it, I would not say it. If the home, and that we now have a model I met her. men and women in uniform didn’t be- that will allow us to win what I think I have to tell my colleagues, these lieve it, they wouldn’t go back time is a war we can’t afford to lose. troops, as my friend from South Caro- and time and time again. If we can con- Let it be said, finally, that there are lina said, have done their duty. They tinue this model that has produced dra- Muslims in this world of different sects deposed an evil dictator. They guaran- matic success beyond my imagination, who will come together and fight al- teed free elections in Iraq. Now it is we will win in Iraq, and everybody in Qaida with us. Let it be said that there time for us to do our duty for them. this body, their families, and our Na- is a nation called Iraq that has lived We all know there can be no purely tion as a whole will be safer for the ex- under an oppressive dictatorship for military solution in Iraq. This has been perience because it means al-Qaida over three decades, that is beginning to agreed to by so many military com- lost. taste freedom, that they are fighting manders and experts and Members of Al-Qaida came to Iraq with a pur- and dying for their own freedom in this body on both sides that it is not pose: to undermine this effort at mod- large measure, that they are beginning really worth arguing about anymore. eration, stability. They came for a pur- to reconcile their political differences, We all recognize that true stability in pose: to make sure a woman never had they are beginning to build a larger Iraq will only come through political a say about her children. And they are army that is combat ready, that they and economic compromises between losing. They have not yet lost, but they are beginning to create an economy Iraq’s main ethnic groups and that are on the road to losing, and they that will allow them to sustain them- only the Iraqis themselves can reach know it. selves, and they are beginning to cre- these agreements. Given this, I believe What is it worth for our country to ate a society that will allow us to live our strategy should be focused on align itself with a Muslim nation to in peace with them and be a force of transitioning to Iraqi authority and turn on al-Qaida? It is worth every- moderation for the region. That, I say bringing in other countries and that we thing to me. It is certainly worth my to my colleagues, is an outcome very cannot keep doing this alone. political future. beneficial to the United States. I was listening to my friend from A year ago, when this debate was I am glad we are having this debate. South Carolina speak so eloquently, started, the polls were incredibly I am glad we have a little bit of time in and one of the things that struck me against the idea of sending more a chaotic election year to take a that he said was that this was price- troops. The need for more troops ex- breath and at least allow one Senator less, and he meant this in the best of isted, in my opinion. A year later, the to say to the troops: You are winning. all ways. He said it was priceless. I just results of more troops and better secu- You should be proud. Good job. We are can’t say this war has been priceless. rity is astonishing. behind you here at home. We are be- After 4 years, 5 years, over 3,600 Amer- The way to get the Iraqi people to hind the policy you are trying to im- ican soldiers have been killed. Over reconcile themselves is not to leave plement. I hope they come home sooner 25,000 have been wounded. We have them, not to set a timetable for with- rather than later. I believe they will. been in this war now longer than World drawal that will encourage the enemy But when they come home, they are War II. Almost $450 billion—$450 billion who is on the mat to get back up into going to come home in a way that will has been spent. We cannot wait until the fight. The way to get them to rec- allow them to tell their grandchildren: next year to change our strategy. oncile themselves is to stand with I did something that mattered for our The President is intent on leaving them, to stand by them, invest in the country. That is why they keep re- the current situation for the next ad- training of their army, help them get enlisting. ministration to resolve. Unfortunately, on their feet. That is the way to beat I yield the floor. our soldiers in the field don’t have the al-Qaida. Winning is going to happen in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- luxury of simply running up the clock Iraq unless we change this model here ator from Minnesota is recognized. on this administration. We owe it to at home. Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Mr. President, I them to begin bringing our combat People ask me: Senator GRAHAM, come to the floor today to discuss the troops home. I think we all know we what is winning? Winning, to me, is a state of our economy, the budget cuts can’t do this overnight. We know we stable, functioning government, proposed by this administration, and are going to have troops remaining to aligned with democratic principles, at yes, the war in Iraq and the need to set guard our embassies and to train police peace with its neighbors, that rejects our priorities straight in this country. and to act as special forces, but I do be- Islamic extremism, will deny al-Qaida Like my colleague from South Caro- lieve that if we want to push this Gov- a safe haven, and will align itself with lina, I wish to thank our troops. Like ernment to get its act together, the us in the greater war on terror, and fi- the Presiding Officer, I visited Iraq and Iraqi Government, we have to send a nally, will create a system where a saw firsthand the bravery of these clear message that we are not staying mother can have a say about her chil- troops everywhere I went. Of course, I there indefinitely. So we owe it to our dren. We are not there yet, but we are was very focused on Minnesota troops. troops, but we also owe it to the people well on our way. They would come up to me in cafeteria of this country. We can no longer con- We have a model that will lead us to lines and airport tarmacs and never tinue to give the President the blank victory: a general who knows what he complain about a thing. They didn’t checks he keeps asking for. We must

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.060 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1183 ensure the safety and the well-being of did not anticipate. They listened to On the foreclosure front, the statis- our troops in the field, but funding their friends in the special interest tics in Minnesota are equally dev- must be conditioned on a plan for re- groups, and look where we are now. astating. At the end of 2007, over 50,000 sponsible redeployment of U.S. combat Look where we are now. families in Minnesota were delinquent forces from Iraq. Two weeks ago we passed a short- on their home payments. It is esti- Now, why is this so important to our term stimulus package that will help mated that 30,000 will lose their homes own country and to our own future and change the economic direction of this in the next several years if something to our own children? Well, as I said, the country by putting money in the hands is not done. war in Iraq has already cost over $490 of American families, including our What are these families like? They billion directly, and by some estimates seniors and our veterans. This action are like the Gray family in Minnesota it has cost the American people almost was a start. But today we must begin with whom I met. They are both teach- $1.5 trillion when factoring in all of the focusing on the long-term policies to ing. They were all excited to buy their costs. For each month that passes, we spur economic growth long after the new house. They got a mortgage ap- spend another $12 billion on the war, rebate checks are spent. We have to get proved, a standard mortgage. It turned and we cannot separate the President’s this economy on the right track, and it out the home values were much higher, spending in Iraq from the economic and means making a reckoning for that and they were not able to afford a the budgetary problems we face. money that is spent in Iraq, to start home. So they went to someone they One of the things that has always bringing home some of our combat thought they could trust and got one of really bothered me on behalf of the troops, to start being more responsible these adjustable rate mortgages. They people whom I represent is that this about this budget. were told a lower rate at the beginning, administration never really adequately Today we announced our next step, $1,500, and it might go up a few hundred calculated the repercussions of this which is to look at this mortgage cri- dollars. By 2008, it was up to $3,300 a war. I think the troops in the field— sis, really the crisis that I say fun- month from $1,500 a month. We know damentally puts us where we are right and I will say one thing. Despite the that is not the rate of inflation. We now. Mr. President, 8.8 million families clear disagreements on strategy for know it is not the right thing to hap- across the United States are under- this war, there has been bipartisan pen. agreement that our troops need to be water. They owe more to lenders than I use that as one example of what we treated with the kind of respect they they have equity in their home, giving are seeing across this country and why deserve. When they signed up for war, them limited or no options for refi- this administration has its priorities there wasn’t a waiting line. When they nancing. messed up and why people such as the The Foreclosure Prevention Act, come home and need medical care and Grays, good people who are just trying which I am going to talk about later, they need mental health care, they to have a home for their family, have and I hope will come to the floor this need to get their education benefits, week, signifies a major step in the found themselves in the middle of this they shouldn’t be waiting. It is this right direction, curbing the disastrous mess. It is where Wall Street has hit Democratic Congress that took on this effect the foreclosure crisis has had on Main Street. It is where the Bush ad- issue and looked at the facts. Why are our families and our economy. The ministration’s priorities to spend $12 all of these men and women coming up time to act is now. billion a month have hit people like to me out in Minnesota and saying We also need long-term economic the Grays right in their homes. they couldn’t get health care? Look at policies that will encourage sustain- The cost of foreclosures is not lim- the facts. The Pentagon underesti- able economic growth in every corner ited to these families. If something is mated the number of troops coming of this country. From the impact of the not done, Minnesotans will lose an esti- home from Iraq and Afghanistan by mortgage crisis and the value of mated $1.6 billion in declining home four times the amount—four times homes, to the skyrocketing cost of oil values. That is because the chickens more returning troops needed health that fuels cars, trucks, and heats have come home to roost. When it care than they estimated. We put bil- homes, to rising prices in the grocery comes to this mortgage crisis, it is not lions of dollars into that. stores, the middle class is being just one family, one foreclosure. It af- We are willing to rise to the occasion squeezed from every side. fects real estate values on an entire and say we are not going to make the Back in January, I traveled around street, an entire neighborhood, an en- same mistake we made after Vietnam. my State. I visited towns all the way tire community. We are going to treat our troops with from Worthington up to Halleck, MN. We need an economy that creates the respect they deserve when they You haven’t been anywhere, Mr. Presi- stable middle-class jobs. We need infra- come home. But again, when the ad- dent, unless you visited Embarrass, structure investments so we don’t have ministration made its plans for this MN, in the middle of January. It is al- bridges falling, as we did in our State, war—a war I did not support from the ways one of the coldest places in our right in the middle of America. We beginning—when they made their country. We were all over our State. need energy investments that will re- plans, they did not anticipate the enor- People are concerned. They are Min- duce our dependency on foreign oil and mous costs. nesotans so they try to be optimistic, create good ‘‘green collar’’ jobs in the Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, would especially when it is January. They try growing clean alternative energy sec- the Senator yield for a unanimous con- to look to the future. They look at the tor of our economy. sent request? potential with this energy revolution. The people we serve are asking for a Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Yes. But they would come out to cafes, new direction, a government that Mr. DORGAN. I ask unanimous con- come out to college campuses and talk spends their money wisely, that rep- sent that I be recognized following the about how it is getting harder and resents their values, that works for remarks of the Senator from Min- harder for them to send their kids to American families. America wants a nesota. college, to afford health care, and to Washington that is going to offer new The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. fill their cars up with gas. priorities and new solutions. MENENDEZ). Without objection, it is so To give a sense of what we are look- Last year, our Congress succeeded in ordered. ing at in our State—and our State has a downpayment on change. It was a be- ECONOMIC GROWTH always had a diverse economy; we are ginning. We were hampered by proce- Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Mr. President, the eighth in the country for Fortune 500 dural rules and all these filibusters, administration did not anticipate the companies—the unemployment rate for but we moved this country. There is so cost for our troops. The war has al- Minnesota recently jumped to 4.9 per- much more to do. We moved, first of ready cost over $490 billion, $1.5 trillion cent, up from 4.4 percent the month be- all, to a more responsible budget proc- when you factor in all costs, $12 billion fore. Our State has lost 23,000 jobs in ess. We gave working Americans an in- a month. They did not anticipate what the last 6 months alone. Home heating crease in the minimum wage. We pro- was going on with this economy. They prices for Minnesota families have also vided greater financial aid to help their did not respond the way they were sup- risen by 14.1 percent per household in kids go to college. And we passed a new posed to to the mortgage crisis. They the past year alone. energy bill that raises fuel efficiency

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.061 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1184 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 standards for the first time since I was we wanted to pay for it. We wanted to With energy costs rising significantly in junior high. pay for it off those hedge fund opera- and an economy poised on the brink of But there is much more that needs to tors, but they wouldn’t go for it. It is recession, the weatherization program be done. this Congress that put the pay-as-you- and the Low-Income Home Energy As- Senator DORGAN and I heard about it go back. sistance Program are necessities, they at an economic hearing we had in my When I talk to people in my State, are not luxuries. State just last week where we met with they understand we need to have a Another example: Nearly 61⁄2 years a panel of economists and experts on short-term stimulus package, why we after the terrorist attacks of Sep- energy policy and what was going on in need it, and why economists believed it tember 11, Americans are well aware of our economy in Minnesota. One econo- was a good idea. But when we go for- the need for State and local govern- mist described our current condition as ward in the long term, we cannot keep ments to be prepared as possible ‘‘serious, unstable, and declining.’’ In going the way we are going with this against future threats. I heard you our State, families sense their stability wall of debt. We are not going to end talking, Mr. President, earlier this is slipping, with 67 percent of middle- up where we want to go. We are going afternoon about the importance of put- class Americans having an increased to be right back where we were before ting that money into our own home- sense of anxiety about their futures. we put the stimulus in place, and we land security. So what does the admin- Tom Stinson, Minnesota’s chief econ- need to make bold changes in this istration do with this budget? It omist, discussed the frightening unem- country. slashes funding for State and local first ployment statistics. We haven’t added In just 7 years, this administration responders’ efforts, cutting firefighter any new jobs over the past year, and we took that budget surplus, $158 billion— assistance grants from $1.2 billion to are not alone. States that have histori- think of that money—and made it into $300 million, and the State Homeland cally had lower unemployment rates a $400 billion deficit. So when we talk Security Grant Program from over $1 are now creeping toward the national about this war in Iraq and when my es- billion to $200 million, and, once again, average. teemed colleague from South Carolina it proposes to eliminate the cost of the Unfortunately, when we look at this talks about it being priceless, it is not COPS Program. As a former prosecutor, I take this problem we are facing, and we know priceless. It is $12 billion a month. there are solutions, we know there is a Meanwhile, this new budget con- personally because I saw how that way to get this economy back on track tinues to neglect crucial investments COPS Program worked, how it added police officers to our neighborhoods, and be fiscally responsible, but Presi- that are needed to strengthen our econ- how it brought down crime. Look at dent Bush’s new budget proposal falls omy and our Nation for the long term. this: What is the comparison when we far short of what America needs to ad- It does not make the investments we are looking at this budget as we are dress our economic downturn and in- need in our Nation’s transportation in- talking about priorities of the $12 bil- vest in meaningful recovery effort. frastructure. It does not make the in- lion a month on the war in Iraq? This This new budget request does not vestments we need in developing re- is the amount the President would offer new priorities or now solutions. newable energy sources to move us to- need to add to his budget to maintain Instead, this budget continues a famil- ward greater energy independence and this police program which puts police iar pattern of misplaced priorities. It security. It does not make the invest- continues a 7-year pattern of fiscal ir- out in the neighborhoods at a 2008 ments we need to support the basic level, plus inflation. responsibility: borrowing money and medical and scientific research that Personally, I would like to do more, leaving an ever-larger debt to our chil- has always been a key driver of our especially in our rural areas. I think dren and grandchildren. country’s innovation and growth. we need meth cops out there. Just to Look at this, the wall of debt we I come from Minnesota, a State restore it to 2008 levels plus inflation have seen and how quickly it has risen where we believe in science. We would cost $596 million. What would from 2001 to 2013. This administration brought the world everything from the you do if you just roll back the tax took a $200 billion surplus and turned Post-It note to the pacemaker, and we cuts for those making over $1 million it into a $300 billion budget deficit. Do believe this investment pays off not in 2009? I am not talking about people you know what it means to middle- only in the health of our citizens but making over $250,000; I am talking class families? When I talk to people in also for jobs and looking to the future about people making over $1 million. our States about what all these mil- and not letting other countries such as What would you bring in with that? lions and billions and trillions mean, it India, China, and other countries go You would bring in $51 billion. Look at means that 1 out of 12 Federal tax dol- ahead of us because we have failed in the comparison. Think about how lars goes to pay interest on that debt. this country to have an investment many police you could buy on the That money is not going to the United strategy and put those Government streets. Think how much you could buy States. Most of that money is going to policies in place that drives that in- to help people afford their homes. companies in foreign countries. That is vestment. Think of the benefits. Look at what what is happening to this country. Here are a few examples from my you can do for $51 billion to help our I was listening before to my col- State of where the President’s budget veterans. league from Oklahoma talking about goes wrong. We have soldiers coming home from how we have to be willing to make Americans are struggling to lower Iraq that just this summer in Min- these sacrifices and pay for things. I home heating costs in any way they nesota were told: You are the longest find this so ironic because it is people can. Nationwide, the average household serving unit, you Red Bulls from Min- on our side of the aisle who have been is expected to pay 11 percent more for nesota, of the National Guard in Iraq. willing to talk about rolling back some heating this winter compared to last But guess what. Your paper only says of the Bush tax cuts on people making year. Families who rely on home heat- 729 days. So guess what. You are not over $200,000. Think how that money ing oil are facing record prices, 30 to 50 going to get your full education bene- can go to pay off this debt, to go into percent above last winter. fits, even though you served longer infrastructure investment we have So what does the administration do than 729 days. been talking about, to move this econ- in its budget? It cuts this funding. It Obviously, we took up this matter omy in the right direction. It is people ends the Department of Energy Weath- with General Shellito, head of our Na- over on our side of the aisle who have erization Assistance Program. The tional Guard, took up this matter with been talking about oil giveaways and Weatherization Assistance Program in- the Army, and it is working to fix it. putting them into renewable energies creases the energy efficiency of homes Oh, well, it saved some money to write so we can start investing in farmers occupied by low-income Americans, di- that down as 729 days. But think about and workers in the Midwest instead of rectly reducing their energy costs. It $51 billion and what we could do with oil cartels in the Mideast. cut it by 100 percent. that. We are talking about priorities How about the debate we had on the The funds appropriated in fiscal year here. middle-class tax issue, on AMT tax re- 2008 for this program will enable up- Fiscal responsibility is also about lief? We were willing to talk about how grades for as many as 85,000 homes. making sure down the line that these

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.063 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1185 priorities are right. Do we want a budg- By being able to track the reset dates when they came in, we had $200 billion et that offers tax giveaways to the of all the subprime mortgages in Min- surpluses, and now we are where we are wealthiest or a budget that provides re- nesota, the study shows thousands of with this wall of Federal debt. lief to middle-class families squeezed mortgages resetting to higher interest The American people are tired of by rising costs for health care, housing, rates monthly, causing more and more this. They want a fair accounting of energy, college tuition, childcare and families to fall behind on their pay- what is going on in this country. They care for aging parents? ments. Congress must act quickly if we want a fair accounting of this war and Do we want a budget that gives lu- are going to curb any effects of the a plan to bring our troops home. That crative special favors to the giant oil housing crisis. is the best thing we can do for our and pharmaceutical companies, or a In my home county, where I was troops, and that is the best thing we budget that invests in our future pros- chief prosecutor of Hennepin County, can do for our country. perity, such as research and develop- we have seen an 82-percent increase in Mr. President, I yield the floor. ment on renewable energy? sheriff sales of foreclosed homes. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Do we want a budget that continues problem extends to greater Minnesota. ator from North Dakota. to spend $12 billion a month in Iraq or We have seen the foreclosures double in Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I have a budget that provides our veterans some of our urban areas. We have seen been listening to the discussion this with the help they need; that makes 3 out of 100 households—3 out of 100 afternoon, which is a repeat of a dis- sure we have the money we need to households—that are in foreclosure. cussion we have heard often in this keep our troops there for the focused Something must be done to help Chamber: Who supports our troops; purpose of guarding our embassy and these families. I have met them. These who waves the white flag of surrender. training police and having them there are not just statistics and numbers; You know, in the discussion in this for special forces; and money for the these are real families living in the Chamber and out on the Presidential COPS program—that $596 million it State of Minnesota. This is why I be- trail, we hear all of those terms, and would cost to restore that? That is lieve we need to pass the Foreclosure who is willing to stick with it and de- about homeland security. Prevention Act and why I believe we feat the terrorists with respect to the I want to see an administration that need to reprioritize what is happening war on terror. aims for fiscal responsibility by revers- in this country—$12 billion a month in Well, let me, if I might, suggest there ing or rolling back these tax cuts for Iraq, with no end in sight, and some is a smart way and a tough way to deal the wealthiest Americans—people people saying we are going to stay with terrorists, and we are not doing it making over $200,000. there for 100 years, while these families very effectively, in my judgment. I I want to see an administration that are losing their homes, while our vet- want to review for a moment, because aims for fiscal responsibility by elimi- erans are still not getting a fair shake. we have people coming to the floor who nating offshore tax havens for multi- This bill, the Foreclosure Prevention forget to review where we are, and millionaires so people aren’t hiding Act, would give $200 million to families where we have been, especially. money in the Cayman Islands. to counsel them in ways to avoid fore- In 2001, on September 11, terrorists I want an administration that aims closure. I will put that chart up again attacked our country. Following the for fiscal responsibility by ending the showing an example of these priorities. attack that killed thousands of inno- tax breaks and giveaways that have This is for people making over $1 mil- cent Americans—the World Trade Cen- been handed out year after year to the lion a year—people making over $1 mil- ter, the Pentagon, and a farm field in big oil companies. lion a year. Here is our $51 billion. Pennsylvania—following that attack, I want to see an administration that Think of this mortgage counseling. It Osama bin Laden and the leadership of aims for fiscal responsibility by allow- is a proven way to work here. It would al-Qaida boasted that they engineered ing Medicare to negotiate for lower be only $200 million. the attack against the American peo- prices for prescription drugs for our Our State finance agencies are in a ple. They boasted they engineered the seniors. perfect position to help families refi- attack against the American people. So The President’s budget does not pro- nance loans, but their hands have been the President says: We are going to vide the new priorities and the new so- tied by ceilings on the amount of have an effort to bring to justice the lutions America needs. Instead, it con- State-backed mortgage bonds they can terrorists. tinues to take us down the wrong path. use. This bill makes it easier for them Well, it is now 2008. That was 2001. In This budget is only the most recent ex- to help find families and rework their 2008, our National Intelligence Esti- ample of an administration that is put- mortgages. That is what we are trying mate, released about 4 months ago, ting its head in the sand and ignoring to do. It will not work for every one of said the greatest terrorist threat to the reality of the looming economic re- these people. Some we don’t want to our country, to our homeland, is the cession. help. They are not deserving of this. al-Qaida organization and its leader- As the housing market is crumbling, They maybe speculated on these mort- ship, who are now plotting additional and millions of families are expected to gages to begin with. But many of these attacks against our country. Our Na- lose their homes in the next couple of families I have personally met, includ- tional Intelligence Estimate says the years, the administration seems to ing the family from Ohio we saw today greatest terrorist threat to our coun- hope this problem will go away. This is here in the Senate. These are hard- try, 7 years after 9/11, is the al-Qaida why I have cosponsored the Mortgage working families who were maybe not leadership, because they are planning Foreclosure Prevention Act, and I am told the truth about their mortgage or new attacks. They have reconstituted committed to working with my Senate misled about their mortgage or the in a safe and secure hideaway in north- colleagues on a bipartisan basis to pass whole mortgage was set up to get them ern Pakistan. Those are the words of this bill to help keep our families in in trouble down the line, and the mort- our National Intelligence Estimate, their homes and get the middle class gage lender goes away and sells it to not my words—safe, secure. Iraq lead- back on their feet. Across the country, someone else, who sells it to someone ership, Osama bin Laden, still alive 7 we are seeing families struggling to else, who sells it to someone else, and years later and creating new training keep their homes. If something isn’t pretty soon it doesn’t just hurt that camps, training new terrorists. done, over 2 million families will lose family, it hurts the entire street, and So how effective has the war on ter- that struggle in the next 2 years. it hurts the entire neighborhood. ror been when the greatest terrorist Through a pilot project conducted by This is about getting our priorities threat to our country 7 years after the the Federal Reserve Bank in Min- right. Yes, it is about the war in Iraq 9/11 attack, the greatest terrorist neapolis, we have been able to track by and an administration that refused to threat is now building and reconsti- ZIP Code all of the outstanding account for the cost, refused to have a tuting in northern Pakistan? It is rea- subprime mortgages in our State. This plan to start bringing our troops home, sonable to ask the question: Who took data is a startling reminder that we that refuses to admit we are in finan- their eye off the ball? Why has this are seeing only the beginning of this cial straits—financial straits they got country, why has our policy not been a crisis if we don’t do anything about it. us into. Because we must remember, policy to bring to justice Osama bin

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That is of Congress about the threat of the nu- forever, 100 years. Others look at a Taj unbelievable to me. clear tubes for the reconstitution of Mahal that has been built in Iraq, near- Let me review a bit. Following 9/11, nuclear capability, had information in ly $800 million for an embassy in Iraq, we had top secret briefings for Sen- their possession and knew better. the largest embassy in the world by ators and Congressmen—top secret Yellowcake from Niger is another big far, and they think they know, as a re- briefings conducted by the head of the deal that made it into the President’s sult of that, how long some intend for CIA. The Vice President was involved, address to the Congress in the State of us to stay in Iraq. the head of the National Security the Union. It turns out that was based But we cannot do that. Let me men- Agency, Condoleezza Rice, was in- on falsified documents. It is unbeliev- tion one other addition. On top of all volved. We went to those top secret able. the things I have described—basically briefings. All of us did. We were told Maybe we should review the facts a the false foundation of information on things in top secret, shown classified bit. All of this information turns out to which this country made a decision to materials, about what was happening have been false—the information that go to war—on top of all that, with this in Iraq. It turns out that was a founda- represented the foundation on which money we have spent, there has been tion for the invasion of Iraq. In fact, it the administration made the case the greatest amount of waste, fraud, was presented at the United Nations by about the need to invade Iraq. Well, and abuse in the history of this coun- Secretary of State Colin Powell. It this country invaded Iraq and had no try and nobody seems to care very turns out most of it was false; wrong plans, once the invasion was complete much. on its face. and the military takeover was com- Let me tell a couple stories: $85,000 Let me review it for a moment—the plete, on how to deal with Iraq at that trucks on the side of the road in Iraq, issue of mobile chemical weapons lab- point, and it turned into a civil war. because they had a flat tire and no oratories in Iraq that threatens our Saddam Hussein, following that inva- wrench to fix it, so they torched it, country. Mobile chemical weapons lab- sion, was captured and executed. He burned it. It does not matter, the oratories in Iraq. You know where that was hung by his neck until dead. He American taxpayer is paying for it be- came from? We now know it came from doesn’t exist anymore. The Iraqi people cause big companies got sweetheart, a single source, through our intel- then voted for a new constitution, and no-bid, cost-plus contracts. Got a flat ligence organizations to the American then the Iraqi people voted to con- tire, torch the truck. Got a plugged fuel pump, it does not matter, torch people, to Congress, in top secret brief- stitute a new government. the truck. ings, to the world at the United Na- So Saddam Hussein was killed, exe- I mean, the stories are unbelievable. cuted, a brutal dictator was executed tions, a single source: A fellow who You got two builders to provide ice. by the Iraqi people. They got a new used to drive a taxicab in Baghdad The Haliburton Company is going to Constitution, they got a new Govern- nicknamed ‘‘Curveball’’ and widely select between two bidders to provide ment, and then this country, in the considered by German authorities as a ice. One is seven times more than the context of spending almost two-thirds drunk and a fabricator. other bid. Well, pick the contract that A single source named Curveball gave of a trillion dollars, this country spent costs seven times more than the other this administration the ability to, in $16 billion training 350,000 able-bodied because the taxpayer is picking up the top secret briefings, tell us that Iraq Iraqis to be policemen and firefighters tab. had mobile chemical weapons labora- and safety personnel and soldiers. We They buy little hand towels for the tories and gave then-Secretary of State trained an array of people in Iraq for troops, because Haliburton has to do Colin Powell the opportunity to tell security; $16 billion training 350,000 that. Well, they do not want to buy or- the world that Iraq had mobile chem- Iraqis, principally for security, police, dinary hand towels for the troops, they ical weapons laboratories. Turns out it and soldier duty. want their logo embroidered on the wasn’t true. Now, if the able-bodied people in Iraq hand towels, KBR, the subsidiary, Kel- Will Rogers once said: who have been trained by this country logg Brown and Root. Well, that is It is not what he says he knows that both- are not willing and cannot and will not going to increase the cost of the hand ers me, it’s what he says he knows for sure provide security in their country, our towels triple, quadruple. It does not that just ain’t so. soldiers cannot stay there forever and matter; the taxpayer is going to pay Curveball. One single source this ad- do it. We cannot. the bill. ministration used to tell us that mo- It is interesting to me, and very dis- Do you want to know where there are bile chemical weapons laboratories in appointing to me, that the President 50,000 pounds of nails, 25 tons of nails? Iraq threatened this country, and it decided: we are going to invade Iraq, They are on the sands in Iraq. They or- turns out to have been false, and they but we are not going to pay for it. dered them. They were too short. What should have known it. And some may Every single penny we are going to bor- do you do with 50,000 pounds of nails have known it, as it was described to row. that are too short? You throw them us. So we are going to send soldiers to away because the taxpayer is going to The aluminum tubes. The aluminum Iraq and send the bill to the debt. When pick it up. You just order the right tubes for the reconstitution of a nu- the soldiers come back, they can pay size. clear capability in Iraq. Now, Sec- the debt. This is the most unbelievable story retary of State Condoleeza Rice, then As I said earlier, it is two-thirds of a that is yet to be told about the great- National Security Adviser, even used trillion dollars now in Iraq and Afghan- est waste, fraud, and abuse in the his- the term the specter or the threat of a istan, all of it emergency, none of it tory of this country. There is a lot to nuclear—or I guess she said mushroom paid for. In my judgment, that is ex- talk about. cloud on television. The mushroom actly the wrong thing to have done. We We are going to have a hearing in the cloud. Well, it turns out her office had should have been saying: Yes, we will Senate Appropriations Committee. I the information that a substantial por- ask soldiers to sacrifice. If that is what have held 12 hearings in the policy tion of the Government didn’t believe we ask our soldiers to do, we will ask committee on these issues. We are the nuclear tubes that were ordered by the American people to reach a similar going to hold more. I have to run to a the Iraqis were for the purpose of re- sacrifice. But this President would not meeting. But I did want to come and constituting a nuclear capability. Most do that. talk a bit. I did not have the oppor- of that was discredited. The informa- So we come now to a position where tunity to describe who is it that is sup- tion in the National Security Adviser’s we have been in Iraq longer than we porting America’s soldiers and what is

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The come over tomorrow and tell the story That has been clearly established. President’s polling numbers were ter- of Woody Keeble. There are soldiers Most of us were surprised we did not rible. The following summer we had a who have given so much for this coun- find nuclear or chemical weapons in national debate about whether to allow try. Iraq. I have to tell you, I was surprised. General Petraeus to continue the Woody Keeble had 85 pieces of lead in In 1991, when we had the first Gulf War surge. We had a commission that Gen- his body when he finished what he did. to repulse Iraq, which had invaded Ku- eral Jones headed, with 15 members. I He was still alive. wait, we discovered that Iraq’s nuclear asked him at the hearing: General But these folks then go to war and do program was far more advanced than Jones, do you and the members of your what they do and come back home. we had previously thought. That is in- commission believe we have a chance And then the question is: Who stands disputable. to be successful if we execute this up for our soldiers? Who stands up for We know that after 1991, and before surge? He said: I do. He looked around. our veterans? Who is willing to stand the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Saddam had Any of the other members want to here and say we will keep our promise utilized weapons of mass destruction, rebut what I have said or have a dif- for veterans health care? Who does poison gas, against the Kurds of Iraq, ferent opinion? Not a single one did. that? killing thousands of his own people. That commission unanimously re- There is a lot to say. I regret I have How could he not have weapons of mass ported that they thought we could be a commitment that I have to be at in destruction? It still remains baffling to successful. We had General Petraeus the majority leader’s office, but I me that we did not find them. testify, and we had the GAO issue a re- would like tomorrow to come back and So I wish to rebut this old rhetoric port in September after the surge had speak at greater length about a re- that somehow President Bush lied to actually begun. markable American who on Monday get us into the war. We spent months We noticed some progress. But it was will be recognized by President Bush, a discussing this and debating all the premature to see that as a sustained North Dakotan from Wahpeton, ND, issues. We had private briefings. We trend. We knew that. And we continued Standing Rock, the Wahpeton-Sisseton knew basically everything the Presi- again at that time to allow the surge Sioux Tribe. He will be recognized as dent knew. And what we knew was the to go forward. We believed things were the first Sioux Indian in this country’s CIA Director George Tenet, who had going to get better. That was my con- history to receive the Medal of Honor. been appointed by President Clinton, clusion after hearing everyone’s opin- I yield the floor. told the President of the United States: ion. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- It was a slam dunk; that weapons of I remember asking General Petraeus: ator from Alabama. mass destruction existed in Iraq. Sir, will you tell us the truth, the good Mr. SESSIONS. Mr. President, I That is the kind of information that and bad? And he committed in private would like to make a few brief com- the President acted on. He was not and in public to do that. ments in response to my eloquent col- lying to the American people. This Will you give us your best judgment? league from North Dakota. The rhet- Senate authorized the President to use Will you let us know if you think this oric he utilizes has been used for a long force in Iraq by a more than three- is not an acceptable, feasible action in time. fourths majority vote. A majority of Iraq; that we need to acknowledge that We have heard this rhetoric before both parties, a majority of the Demo- we can’t be successful? He made that each one of our evaluations of the way cratic Senators, a majority of the Re- commitment. ahead in Iraq. And we have each time publican Senators voted to authorize So what has happened since? We sent concluded that our national interests the President to use force in Iraq. And five additional brigades into Iraq as call on us to remain active and strong that is how we got here. part of the surge. Three have already in Iraq and active and strong against So the question is: What do we do returned to the United States. The terrorism around the world. now? This is a great Nation. We are not other two are planned to be returned I would note, to remind everyone, some fly-by-night bunch who can by summer. We will be at or possibly every intelligence agency in the world change our minds every time the poll below the 15 combat brigades that we thought weapons of mass destruction numbers change. We have responsibil- had in Iraq before the surge. were in Iraq when the war began. In ities to our Nation, to our allies. We General Casey was asked today in the fact, Saddam Hussein did not seriously have committed our men and women to Armed Services Committee about that deny that these weapons existed. Sad- harm’s way. We have lost a large num- plan and whether it meant we could dam denied the U.N. inspectors the ber of American soldiers to execute a move from having our soldiers on 15- right to look for WMD, even though he policy we sent them to execute. month deployments to 12 month de- had agreed to do so after suing for I have to tell you, we lost far fewer in ployments. He said: When we get back peace in 1991. At that time, after he the initial invasion than I imagined, to 15 brigades—and at this time we are had invaded Kuwait, we agreed not to but have lost far more than I imagined projected to be there by July—he be- take Baghdad and grab him by the in the post-invasion period. Things are lieved then that we could go back to a scruff of the neck. He agreed he would never quite certain in war, however. 1-year rotation instead of the longer 15- allow his country to be inspected by People who fight you and desire to month rotation. 15 month rotations the United Nations. kill you usually do not want to be have been so painful to our military He did not do that. He systematically killed themselves. Military action is a personnel and their families. That is a violated 13 U.N. resolutions. As the tough thing and always causes us to re- long time. We need to keep it to 12 well-known magazine, The Economist, member we should avoid it whenever months if we possibly can. said: We either have to give up and let we possibly can. It should be a last re- We are anticipating three reports in Saddam break the embargo or we have sort. It is only acceptable when we April. General Petraeus will come, as to fight? They said: We believe we have no real other alternative. he promised, to give us a report on the should fight. I do not believe the Lord is happy status of Iraq and what he thinks about That, I suggest, is the fundamental when his children fight and kill one an- our future military commitment and reason we had to authorize the Presi- other. It cannot be a good thing. It is a soldier strength there. We will also re- dent to use force. A lot more can be bad thing. Sometimes, because we are ceive a report from the Joint Chiefs of said about it, but those were some of so flawed and we have options that are Staff and a report from Admiral the things we were considering at the so grim, military action becomes the Fallon, the CENTCOM commander who time. I would note also that an official best decision that can be made under has Iraq the rest of the Middle East

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.067 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1188 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 under his command. We will have those morning they used to meet. There they appear on the political side be- three reports in April. That is the time would be some emergency, some seri- cause, throughout the region, rec- for us to begin to evaluate again what ous challenge they had to address. Now onciliation has been undertaken, and our next step will be. when they meet, they can go weeks Baathists have been accepted back into General Petraeus has said that we without anything serious happening. Government positions, even in the ab- need to be careful to consolidate the These observations are from sergeants, sence of a national law. The oil money gains we have made, to help the Iraqi enlisted people, junior officers. It con- was and is being fairly distributed, people and government move to a more firms, I will just say to you, the infor- even though they haven’t agreed on an stable footing for the long term. If we mation we are receiving. absolute firm legal formula for dis- were to pass the Feingold legislation, How has this success happened? What tribution of revenues. it would be a slap in the face to our has occurred? The ranks of Sunni vol- Last Friday, February 22, the Shiite commander on the ground who is abso- unteers who have chosen in recent cleric, Moqtada al Sadr, who controls lutely one of the finest generals this months to switch sides and turn the Mahdi army, instructed his fol- Nation has ever produced. It would be against al-Qaida as members of local lowers to extend their cease-fire unthinkable that we would, in a time citizen councils have grown to more against the Sunnis and the Americans of great success, reject the com- than 91,000, according to statistics for another 6 months. This is a big mander’s recommendations and the from the U.S. military. The Sunnis, deal. The Sunnis have come around and military’s recommendations after we who are the minority group in Iraq, now al Sadr, with the Shia, has also took their recommendations when used to run Iraq under Saddam Hus- recommended that his followers con- things were not good a year ago. We sein. They have been taken from tinue their cease-fire. were worried a year ago. There was power. They were strong Baathists. U.S. Ambassador to Iraq, Ryan cause for legitimate concern. I do not They were attracted to al-Qaida and Crocker, with whom I have met in Iraq, deny it. But, goodness sakes, we have their false promises. Many, though not said this last week: had some success in recent months. most, were in cahoots with al-Qaida. We are indeed seeing the signs of that po- The military estimates that attacks They have now rejected al-Qaida. litical surge. Putting all of that together would have been just unthinkable 6 months against coalition forces and Iraqi Whole tribal regions have publicly re- ago. forces and Iraqi civilians have collec- nounced them. They said they don’t Let me say this Feingold bill would tively fallen by 60 percent against Iraq care about their people. They try to be disastrous if it were passed. It would since June of last year. Iraqi Army es- run their neighborhoods. They are cor- cut off funding after 120 days for any timates put the number as high as an rupt. They don’t support them. And missions not approved by Senator 80-percent reduction. In June there 91,000 have joined local citizens coun- FEINGOLD and politicians in Wash- were almost 1,700 IED explosions across cils part of the awakening, they call it, ington. It would replace the deploy- Iraq. That number fell to 600 in Decem- to turn against al-Qaida. ment decisions and recommendations ber. While one U.S. combat death is so Sunnis are turning these guys in. of General Petraeus with political deci- serious that we are not able to articu- Most al-Qaida are foreigners. They sions. Some, I guess, who are in the late the gravity of it, we are seeing, I don’t live in Iraq. So the Sunnis know moveon.org camp think General am pleased to say, a major reduction in who they are. The Sunni folks know Petraeus is a betrayer. That is what casualties among our troops and Iraqi them. Once they turned on al-Qaida, we they put in an ad in the paper last troops. It is quite remarkable. Decem- have seen a dramatic change in the year. I say he is one of the best gen- ber of 2007 was the second lowest com- Sunni areas. erals we have had. He has had a re- Shia groups, citizens councils are bat death total of the war for American markable tenure of success in Iraq. forces behind May of 2003. January and growing around the country as well. The Feingold bill would forbid us February of this year have shown com- More and more the people are getting from training any members of neigh- parably low death rates. That is some- tired of murderous killers and reli- borhood councils that have sprung up thing for which we can be thankful. giously driven extremists. They realize under the Sunni awakening, unless we Every single life is important. But we this is no foundation on which to build could certify that they had never been have to understand that when we com- their future. Three critical laws have involved in sectarian violence or in at- mit troops to combat, there are going been passed. Critics say: We have to tacks upon the U.S. Armed Forces. to be casualties. Having a good move- have laws passed. Surely we do, al- Well, we want them on our side. I don’t ment in the right direction is a cause though the President and all the mas- know what motivated them at one for confidence, not a basis to cut and ters of the universe in America, I point or another to oppose the United run. guess, determined that we would pass States. But if they have made a deci- From January to December of 2007, an immigration law. They said we had sion, as a lot of Sunnis clearly have, to sectarian attacks and death among to do it. We had to have this program, switch sides, to turn in al-Qaida, to kill Iraqis in the Baghdad area decreased this amnesty. They were going to ram al-Qaida, isn’t that good enough? Why by 90 percent. I want to just say, we it right through here. It failed flatter shouldn’t we welcome them back into should be skeptical of these numbers than a fritter. So just saying a bill the fold of the Iraqi Government and when we hear them just one time. Are needs to be passed in a democratic par- give them a chance? the trends sustained? How accurate are liamentary situation doesn’t mean We have to be careful. In fact, I think these facts? Those are legitimate ques- that is so easy to be done. the State Department and the military tions for members of Congress to ask. Three critical laws were passed by are too naive in their belief that the When I see soldiers in the Atlanta the Iraqi Parliament on February 13 of prisoners we now have in custody can airport—most of them are on their this year. They enacted a $48 billion be released in the interests of rec- R&R or coming home from Iraq or Af- budget for 2008. They granted amnesty onciliation. Many of these, I am afraid, ghanistan—I speak to them about their to thousands of Sunni detainees and are just killers and murderers and experiences. I spend a lot of time in the passed a provincial power law defining thugs. Releasing too many of these Atlanta airport, more than I like. I ask the relationship between the central people can create violence in the com- them how things are going. And I am government and provinces. These last munity. I don’t doubt that some have hearing, from them, information that two were on the list of benchmarks de- had a change of heart because many directly confirms the reports we are manded by Congress. have. But we have to be careful about getting. Last fall when General Petraeus was how many of these prisoners we re- Just this month, a soldier I met was here, the critics of the war said: You lease. saying he worked at a base in Iraq. He are not meeting these benchmarks. We This bill would prevent us from at- said they used to take incoming rounds are not interested in the military side. tacking terrorists or sectarian militias against the base throughout the day We are only interested in the political unless we can be sure that the targets every day. Now they go days without side. Well, we are making some are ‘‘members of al Qaeda and affili- any attacks. Another soldier told me progress now in the political area. In ated international terrorist organiza- things were getting boring. Every one sense things are even better than tions.’’

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.069 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1189 How is this supposed to work in prac- the funding with the exception of al- percent to 25 percent so our companies tice, let me ask? Will we ask al-Qaida lowing funding, for example—I am in America can compete in the world. to wear special hats or badges or uni- going to read—for ‘‘Conducting tar- Part of it would be indexing the capital forms so we can distinguish them from geted operations, limited in duration gains tax for inflation so that double simple local terrorists? and scope, against members of al Qaeda taxation of capital would at least re- The likely consequences of this legis- and affiliated international terrorist flect inflation. Part of it would be lation would be renewed sectarian vio- organizations.’’ something that many Members of this lence, expanded ‘‘breathing room’’ for In other words, the Feingold bill Chamber have talked about for a long al-Qaida and other terrorist groups, would allow funding to continue to time: a simpler, flatter tax, giving tax- and decreased possibilities for political conduct operations against al-Qaida, payers the option of filing a 1-page re- reconciliation. It would create major but only ‘‘limited in duration and turn with a 17-percent flat tax rate. political instability in Iraq. scope.’’ I do not think we ought to I wish to see—and I plan to introduce The frequently referenced final re- limit the ability of the U.S. Govern- within the next few days—legislation port of the Iraq Study Group described, ment to go after al-Qaida in Iraq. that would make permanent the ex- in grim detail, the results of an Amer- Furthermore, this clause in the Fein- pensing provisions for small business ican decision to abandon Iraq: gold bill would allow funding to go not that we passed in a bipartisan way be- Because of the importance of Iraq, the po- only against al-Qaida, ‘‘limited in du- fore the recess in the pro-growth pack- tential for catastrophe, and the role and ration and scope,’’ but also against ‘‘af- age to help stimulate the economy. commitments of the United States in initi- filiated international terrorist organi- Those provisions increased the small ating events that have led to the current sit- zations.’’ The word ‘‘affiliated’’ means business expensing limits and allowed a uation, we believe it would be wrong for the affiliated to al-Qaida. 50 percent bonus depreciation. United States to abandon the country There are a bunch of other terrorist Now it is not unusual to hear Repub- through a precipitous withdrawal of troops licans talking about lower tax rates. and support. A premature American depar- organizations in the world we want to go after, and this limitation of funding But that is only a part of—a part of— ture from Iraq would almost certainly what we would propose if our debate produce greater sectarian violence and fur- would be only for those affiliated with ther deterioration of conditions, leading to a al-Qaida. I do not want the Govern- were here for a pro-growth economic number of the adverse consequences outlined ment of the United States limited in package. I wish to see us bring up Sen- above. The near-term results would be a sig- its ability to go after al-Qaida and then ator ISAKSON’s proposal, which would create a $5,000-a-year, 3-year tax credit nificant power vacuum, greater human suf- only those other terrorist organiza- fering, regional destabilization, and a threat for buyers of foreclosed or new homes to the global economy. Al Qaeda would de- tions affiliated with al-Qaida. I have voted against the motion to to get buyers back in the marketplace. pict our withdrawal as a historic victory. I wish to see us begin to more seri- invoke cloture. There seemed to be If we leave and Iraq descends into chaos, ously implement the America COM- only about a dozen of us who voted the long-range consequences could eventu- PETES Act. That is part of a pro- ally require the United States to return. against that motion to invoke cloture. growth agenda as well. We worked hard This was a serious evaluation by seri- As we proceed, I will certainly, if we in this Chamber across party lines for ous men and women who have studied get to the bill, try to amend that por- 2 years to advance legislation to in- this area in depth. I do not think any- tion; otherwise, I will certainly be con- crease our nation’s competitiveness in body can deny that this is a realistic strained to have to vote against this the global economy. The President description of what would occur if we bill. made a priority of it. He said we ought were to pass the Feingold bill. Mr. President, I have another matter to have an 18 percent increase in fund- Well, Mr. President, I see others here I will bring up at another time. I will ing for the physical sciences in this who want to talk, and it looks as let the debate proceed on this Feingold year’s budget. We should talk about though we will have more time tomor- bill, so I yield the floor. that and make a commitment to make row. I say to my fine colleague from The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- room in the budget for that so we can Florida, I enjoy serving with him, as he ator from Tennessee. double funding in the physical sciences Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. President, it is chairman of our Strategic Sub- over the next 5 years so we can keep committee in Armed Services. is suggested we should not be dis- our brainpower advantage so our jobs I conclude by saying, we are a great cussing Iraq. Well, the last time I will not go overseas. nation. We made some tough decisions. checked, the majority leader sets the As one Senator, I want to see that we We went through a full debate last agenda. The majority leader brought continue to in-source brainpower for summer. We decided to give General up Iraq, and if he wants to bring up new jobs by pinning a green card on the Petraeus a chance. We gave him a Iraq, we can discuss Iraq. lapel of every foreign student who chance. We supported the surge in a bi- I too am wondering why it is being earns a degree in science, technology, partisan vote. We sent the money. We brought up because we have other im- engineering, or mathematics from a sent him the resources to carry out the portant issues we could be dealing U.S. university, and who is legally here surge. It has been successful beyond with. For example, I wish to see the and passes a background check. We anything we could have imagined at Congress turn its attention to a pro- could have a good debate here in the the time. And now, to undertake a pre- growth economic package, a discussion Chamber about whether it is a good cipitous withdrawal, directly contrary of how we can help this economy move. idea to do that. I think it is. to his opinion as to what should be I think once we have that opportunity We have 570,000-something foreign done to help continue to secure Iraq, to debate, we will have a good, prin- students here. Why would we attract would be unthinkable. No great nation cipled exchange of ideas here. the brightest people in the world to should flip-flop around like that, cer- My suspicion is that from the other study here and make them promise to tainly not the United States of Amer- side of the aisle we will hear a number go home and create new jobs in India ica. of expensive spending proposals, and and in China? Let’s create them here. I thank the Chair and yield the floor. from our side of the aisle we will hear We could make the research and de- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- a different agenda, an agenda that says velopment tax credit permanent. We ator from Florida. we want a bigger, bolder, broader pro- could have a full-day debate about how Mr. NELSON of Florida. Mr. Presi- growth economic agenda so we can to improve our schools. I see the Sen- dent, I want to make sure I have in the move this economy in a more positive ator from New Hampshire is in the RECORD why I had opposed the motion direction. Chamber; he was one of the principal to invoke cloture on the motion to pro- Part of that would have to do with authors of the No Child Left Behind ceed to the Feingold bill, S. 2633. lower tax rates for individuals, such as Act. There is a provision in that legis- This Senator is certainly for a grad- to permanently reduce the dividend, lation which is called the Teacher In- ual withdrawal from Iraq. But the capital gains, and estate tax rates to 15 centive Fund. It tackles one of the Feingold bill has a considerable pitfall percent. Part of it would be to lower most difficult problems in American because it starts the withdrawal within corporate tax rates, reducing the cap- education. How do you reward out- a certain period of time and cuts off ital gains tax for corporations from 35 standing teaching? Well, you cannot do

VerDate Aug 31 2005 03:15 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.071 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1190 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 it from Washington. But you can fund If we look at the Iraq Study Group a deadline, saying that transition it from Washington, so in Philadelphia recommendations, what were they? should be, as I said, subject to unex- and in Phoenix and in Memphis school First, transition of mission. Let’s shift pected developments in the security leaders and teachers are part of plans our military forces out of direct com- situation on the ground. where you pay them more for leading bat and into roles of supporting, train- The Feingold amendment and the well and pay them more for teaching ing, and equipping Iraqi forces as secu- Iraq Study Group differ in another well. rity conditions on the ground permit. way: the continuing mission for the I did that in Tennessee in 1983 when That is happening. It is happening troops. My reading of the Feingold bill I was Governor. Mr. President, 10,000 province by province. That wasn’t fore- says that it would prevent American teachers went up a career ladder. As seen quite as clearly by the authors of troops from being embedded with Iraqi soon as I left, its opponents killed it. the Iraq Study Group report. I am not forces, from securing Iraqi borders, But teacher after teacher comes back sure any of us saw it. General Petraeus from fighting terrorists who aren’t to me saying they wish it were still was wise enough to see it. He is helping known to be affiliated with al-Qaida, there. Every time we have a hearing on Iraq have a transition of mission of and performing various intelligence op- education, we hear the need to keep U.S. forces from mainly combat to erations. Those missions are all sup- and attract outstanding teachers. mainly support, training, and equip- ported by the Iraq Study Group. It is We could talk about and debate—and ping. But the Iraq Study Group itself, part of our long term, but diminishing, I am sure we would debate—Pell while it set a goal for that shift of mis- role in Iraq. Grants for Kids. Why not give vouchers sion, explicitly rejected the idea of a As has been noted today, this is not to poor kids so they can go to some of deadline. As the Senator from Alabama a new subject for the Senate. We have the schools that people with money go said earlier, it explicitly rejected the had perhaps three dozen votes on Iraq to? idea of a deadline. last year. Perhaps we should have that Why not go ahead and implement the The second recommendation of the many votes. What else is more impor- provisions in the America COMPETES Iraq Study Group was that we main- tant than Iraq? But at some point, we Act for adding 10,000 math and science tain a long term, but diminishing, pres- have come to a conclusion, and I think teachers, and give a million and a half ence in Iraq, with an emphasis on di- on the issue of the Feingold bill, this more low-income children the oppor- minishing. That is happening. Troops body, by a large majority, has already tunity to take Advanced Placement are coming out instead of troops going expressed itself. There were four pre- tests? in. Now, they are not coming out as vious votes on similar—not exactly the If we want to talk about growing the rapidly as many had hoped, but they same but similar—funding cut and economy, we can do that. We could are coming out. They are coming out withdrawal proposals offered by Sen- talk about stopping runaway lawsuits in the spirit of the Iraq Study Group ator FEINGOLD. Those were on Decem- and enacting small business health report—not as rapidly as the report ber 18, 2007, and 71 Senators voted plans. We can talk about lower energy originally recommended, but as quick- against that Feingold amendment. costs. We can talk about lowering the ly as conditions on the ground will now Then, on October 3, 2007, 68 Senators cost of Government. Or we can talk permit. The limited mission the Iraq about Iraq. voted against that Feingold amend- I have been one of those who, over Study Group envisioned, in addition to ment. Then, on September 20, 2007, 70 time, has had some difference of opin- supporting Iraqi forces, includes pro- Senators voted against that Feingold ion with the President on Iraq. I tection of coalition forces, counterter- amendment. Then, on May 16, 2007, 67 thought he should have embraced the rorism operations, border security, in- Senators voted against that Feingold Iraq Study Group plan as soon as it telligence-sharing, supporting provi- amendment. came out: Put Secretary Baker, Con- sional reconstruction teams, and We have 100 Senators, and 49 of us are gressman Hamilton, and the other search and rescue. Republicans. Not all of us agree on members of the Iraq Study Group up Finally, the Iraq Study Group urged Iraq. So that meant that a substantial there in the Gallery and honor them that we undertake a new diplomatic of- number of Democrats consistently and accept their suggestions. fensive, that we step up regional and voted against those Feingold amend- Mr. REID. Mr. President, will my col- diplomatic efforts to press others in ments. league yield for a brief statement? the region to help Iraq succeed. Well, So I know Senator FEINGOLD is sin- Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. President, I that has been happening. It may not be cere and passionate in his beliefs, but would be glad to yield to the majority happening as rapidly as everyone in the it would seem to me that four votes are leader. Chamber would like, but these efforts enough on this subject, and—as impor- ORDER OF BUSINESS are well underway, with a more expan- tant as it is—we could turn our atten- Mr. REID. Mr. President, I just fin- sive United Nations mission. But high- tion to other issues. But if the major- ished a conversation with the Repub- er profile efforts are also needed, in- ity leader, for whatever reason, feels a lican leader. We have decided it is to cluding by the President. need to bring this issue to the floor of the interest of everyone we have no So I would not stand here and say the Senate, then we are ready to talk more votes tonight, so everyone should that the Iraq Study Group legislation about it. understand that. We will be out tomor- that Senator SALAZAR and I intro- We are not all of one mind here, even row to decide what we are going to do duced—supported by eight Democrats on the Republican side. We have some after Senator MCCONNELL and I have a and eight Republicans, and which we on this side of the aisle who said when chance to get together in the morning. unsuccessfully urged the President and the Iraq Study Group report came out No more votes tonight. this body to adopt a year ago—I would that it was a recipe for surrender. I dis- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- not say we should do that today. But I agreed with that and said so publicly ator from Tennessee. would say as one Senator that I believe and said so privately to the President. Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. President, I that is the direction in which we are He was good enough to hear me out thank the majority leader. moving, and the Iraq Study Group has one-on-one. I find him to be a very Mr. President, I would say that last made a significant contribution to that good listener. year I thought I had succeeded in doing effort. I, frankly, believe the bipartisan I, for one, am enormously impressed something that no one else had been approach here by those 16 Senators with General Petraeus’s counterinsur- able to do. I unified President Bush and also helped move us in that direction. gency strategy. I, like most of us, have Senator REID on Iraq in their opposi- Now, Senator FEINGOLD’s proposal had a chance to go to Iraq—in my case, tion to our Iraq Study Group legisla- and the Iraq Study Group recommenda- two times to Iraq, and three times to tion. But my point is that while I have tions are at odds. In the first place, the Kuwait. I have had a chance last year been one on this side of the aisle who Feingold legislation sets a 120-day in August to visit with General wishes the President had taken a dif- deadline for changing the mission of Petraeus and General Odierno and to ferent tact, I think in all honesty we our forces in Iraq and requiring a mas- go into the outskirts of Baghdad and to are talking about how things have sive withdrawal. The bipartisan Iraq see an area where our soldiers were in changed in Iraq. Study Group specifically opposed such camp and to have dinner with a group

VerDate Aug 31 2005 03:15 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.072 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1191 of sheiks. One of the sheiks’ sons had minutes, I wish to discuss what has warning system they had. And in been murdered in his front yard, and happened in Tennessee with tornadoes Macon County, a tornado that hit at they were fed up with the al-Qaida ter- in the last couple of weeks. 9:30 at night has been anticipated. By rorists and were convinced that be- On the night of February 5, tornadoes midnight, FEMA personnel from At- cause the American forces were there, began to hit Memphis at about 6 lanta were at the Tennessee border at that the Iraqis could risk their lives by o’clock. While many people were Chattanooga. And by 7 a.m. the next teaming with the American forces to watching the Tennessee-Florida bas- morning, disaster recovery centers run the terrorists out of town, which in ketball game safely in their homes, a were set up in Macon County. many places they have done. tornado touched down in Macon Coun- I wish to express my admiration, I still think it would have been bet- ty, TN, and stayed on the ground for 21 first, for the local officials for doing a ter for our troops and it would send a miles. More than two dozen people first-rate job; second, to FEMA and clear message to the enemy if we had, were killed. TEMA, the Tennessee emergency man- as an administration and as a Con- Prior to that, it hit in Jackson, TN, agement professionals who were there gress, embraced the Iraq Study Group nearly wiping out Union University. on the spot; third, to Governor Report because it said basically what Fortunately, at Union University, Bredesen who could not have done a we are doing today. It said we need to president David Dockery had con- better, more thorough, more sensitive change direction. We need to, No. 1, ducted drills, and the students had job; and fourth, to the President and shift our mission, which we are doing. enough warning to get to the safest the Washington officials who were on It specifically embraced the idea of a places in their dormitories, and no one the ball. surge, if that was necessary. It rejected was killed there. That was not by acci- It is important occasionally to find the idea of a specific deadline and said dent; it was because of good leadership. the good and praise it in Government it should be subject to developments on It was also because of a good early- service, and in this case, I believe— the ground. It said we should identify a warning system. well, I know—every single person I long-term but diminishing presence in The point of my remarks tonight is talked with in the west Tennessee area Iraq, which we have been doing as a that we sometimes hear in connection or the Macon County area felt as if the country. The Iraq Study Group Report with disasters—particularly since Hur- Governor, the President, and the local said also that we should step up our ricane Katrina—that our disaster re- officials were doing everything they diplomatic efforts. Its goal—not its sponse system and our emergency re- could to be helpful, and they were deep- binding effect but its goal—was that all sponse system isn’t as good as it should ly grateful for it. of its recommendations could be ac- be. I can’t speak to every case, but over I yield the floor. complished more rapidly than has been the last 30 years, as Governor for some ∑ Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I strong- done. That is true. But at the same years and in the Cabinet for 2 years ly oppose, as I have before, the legisla- time, it recognized that it was all sub- and now in the Senate, I have seen a tion offered by the Senator from Wis- ject to security developments on the lot of disasters and tragedies. I have consin. ground. never seen an example where the local This bill would mandate a with- So when we have a success—or it officials, the Governor of the State, drawal of U.S. combat forces from Iraq may be more accurate to say a series of and the President of the United States and cut off funds for our troops 120 small successes in a difficult arena acted more rapidly, more effectively, days after enactment. The one excep- such as Iraq—when we have military or more humanely. tion would be for a small force author- leadership such as General Petraeus The Governor, Gov. Phil Bredesen of ized only to carry out narrowly defined and his team who have stuck to a new Tennessee, a Democrat, was on the missions. If this latest attempt sounds counterinsurgency strategy—at least scene immediately. He gathered all of familiar, it should—the majority has new to Iraq that took our forces out of his information—not too rapidly be- thus far engaged in no less than 40 leg- the Green Zone and placed them on the cause he knows it needs to be accu- islative attempts to achieve this mis- outskirts—when we have done that, rate—and he had it to President Bush guided outcome. And, just like the 40 then I think we ought to recognize that on the night of February 7 at about 7 votes that preceded this one, the result for what it is. p.m. By 10 p.m. President Bush had ap- of this effort will undoubtedly be the I am glad to have this opportunity to proved it—had called the Governor and same. talk about Iraq and the progress we are approved individual and public assist- The reason is clear. To pass such leg- making there. I hope we can make ance for five of the hardest hit coun- islation would be to court disaster, and more there. I would like for more of ties. The Governor then went on to to set a date certain for the withdrawal our Tennesseans to come home. In the commit that the State would pay half of U.S. forces from Iraq, regardless of National Guard alone, we have had of the local share of the disaster aid the conditions on the ground or the im- more than 10,000 Tennesseans in Iraq, that needs to be paid. plications for our national security, some for a year, some twice, some I went with the President and Con- would be tantamount to setting a date three times. They are our uncles, and gressman GORDON and Senator CORKER for surrender. Should we ignore the they are our aunts. They are our neigh- to the Macon County area on the Fri- signs of real progress in Iraq and legis- bors, our deputy sheriffs, the mayor of day after it hit. I visited Jackson last late a premature end to our efforts Lexington, the postmaster from week. What I found was that FEMA has there, the Congress would be complicit Robbinsville. They have mortgages. already received 3,700 applications in all the terrible and predictable con- They have kids. Ninety have died, 90 from 14 approved counties. FEMA has sequences that would ensue. Tennesseans in this period of time. So distributed $1.9 million in 14 counties. The Senate, in facing this choice it is good to have this discussion. If the The first small business loan was ap- time and again over the past year, has majority leader wants to bring it up, proved on the day I was there. voted against legislated surrender in we should. But I think at the same I visited those whose homes were Iraq. Instead, we have decided to build time we ought to recognize it for what blown away. It is a terrifying thought on the clear successes of our new strat- it is. We have changed direction. The that in just 60 seconds everything is de- egy and to give GEN David Petraeus troops are coming out instead of going molished. You don’t know where to and the troops under his command the in. The mission is shifting. The role is hide. But I also visited with the emer- time and support they have requested diminishing. It will be there for a long gency responding team and a couple to carry out their mission. The inter- time, and the diplomatic effort is whose home was hit in Jackson, TN. ests of America, the future of the Iraqi stepped up. If that is succeeding, then They were told via the television at 6 people, and the stability of the Middle our country is succeeding, and we can o’clock that the tornado was coming, East are the better for it. spend more time on other issues. and they were told 10 minutes before it But the Senate has come to this con- TORNADOES IN TENNESSEE hit their house that if they lived on the clusion only after repeated attempts to Now, if I may—I see the Senator from north side of the interstate, the tor- do what the proponents of this bill Florida may be wanting to speak, and nado would be there in 10 minutes, and would have us do today—bring the war if he would indulge me another 3 or 4 it was. That was the kind of early in Iraq to a premature and disastrous

VerDate Aug 31 2005 04:10 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.081 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1192 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 close through legislative fiat. If ever ments I just cited. Understanding what Again, these significant achieve- there was a case for precipitous with- we now know—that our military is ments come coupled with remaining drawal from Iraq—and I believe there making remarkable progress on the challenges. Parliament has yet to pass never was—now is the last time anyone ground, and that their commanders re- an oil law, though oil revenues are should consider such a step. If aban- quest from us the time and support being shared in its absence; the Maliki doning Iraq was a terrible idea when we necessary to succeed in Iraq—it is in- government remains unwilling to func- were unsuccessful in our efforts there, conceivable that we in Congress would tion and provide services as it must, it is a catastrophic proposal today, end this strategy just as it is suc- and other difficulties abound. Yet it is when we are winning. ceeding. telling that in his latest report, mili- The supporters of withdrawal said in This is not to say that all is rosy in tary analyst Anthony Cordesman said, 2007 that the surge could never work, Iraq. It is not, and neither I nor our ‘‘No one can spend some 10 days vis- that extra American brigades could do military commanders make any such iting the battlefields in Iraq without nothing to bring greater security to argument. The cumulative results of seeing major progress in every area Iraq, that no new counterinsurgency nearly 4 years of mismanaged war can- . . . If the U.S. provides sustained sup- strategy could succeed in protecting not be reversed overnight. Al-Qaida is port to the Iraqi government—in secu- the population. We were losing in Iraq, on the run but has not disappeared, and rity, governance, and development— they said, and nothing could change we can expect them to fight back. there is now a very real chance that that. Some even declared that the war Fighting among Shia factions in the Iraq will emerge as a secure and stable was already lost. south presents a significant challenge, state.’’ But they were wrong. As General and violence and crime remain at unac- No one can guarantee success in Iraq Petraeus put it in his end of the year ceptably high levels in a number of or be certain about its prospects. We letter to the troops, ‘‘A year ago, Iraq areas. The road in Iraq remains, as it can be sure, however, that should the was racked by horrific violence and on always has been, long and hard. But U.S. Congress succeed in terminating the brink of civil war. Now, levels of vi- this is an argument for continuing our the strategy by legislating an abrupt olence and civilian and military cas- successful strategy, not for abandoning withdrawal and a transition to a new, ualties are significantly reduced and it in favor of sure failure. less effective and more dangerous hope has been rekindled in many Iraqi At some point last year, a few of the course—should we do that, then we will communities.’’ In fact, the surge has proponents of withdrawal from Iraq fail for certain. succeeded well beyond the projections began conceding that the surge was Let us make no mistake about the of even most optimists. Let me cite a having tangible, positive effects. They costs of such an American failure in few examples. went on to argue, however, that secur- Iraq. Should Congress force a precipi- In Baghdad, ethno-sectarian violence ing the population was irrelevant, as tous withdrawal from Iraq, it would has fallen over 90 percent in a year. the point of the surge was to see polit- mark a new beginning, the start of a IED attacks in Baghdad are down by 45 ical progress and there had been none. new, more dangerous effort to contain percent since February 2007. The spec- Yet even while this new debate began, the forces unleashed by our disengage- ter of civil war in Iraq’s capital, a real political progress at the local level ment. If we leave, we will be back—in threat when the surge began, has re- took off across Iraq. Tens of thousands Iraq and elsewhere—in many more des- treated significantly. The capital’s of Iraqis—most of them Sunnis who perate fights to protect our security population has begun to retake its were, or would have been, part of the and at an even greater cost in Amer- streets, its schools, and its markets. anticoalition insurgency—joined Con- ican lives and treasure. The remarkable progress is not con- cerned Local Citizens groups and In his testimony before the Armed fined only to Baghdad. Attacks have aligned themselves with our efforts. Services Committee in September, decreased in 17 of 18 provinces in Iraq Moqtada al-Sadr announced that the General Petraeus referred to an August since the surge began. In the country Mahdi army would observe a 6-month Defense Intelligence Agency report as a whole, attacks are down by some ceasefire, a pledge he renewed just last that stated, ‘‘. . . a rapid withdrawal 60 percent and stand at the level expe- week for an additional 6 months. In would result in the further release of rienced in early 2005 or even 2004. Car Anbar and elsewhere, local populations strong centrifugal forces in Iraq and bombs across Iraq are down, the num- turned to the coalition and against al- produce a number of dangerous results, ber of civilian deaths has fallen, and Qaida, turning that province from including a high risk of disintegration IED explosions are down, all by signifi- Iraq’s most dangerous into one of its of the Iraqi Security Forces; a rapid de- cant margins. Intelligence tips are up, safest. terioration of local security initia- discovery of weapons and explosive In the face of these new facts, sup- tives; al Qaeda—Iraq regaining lost caches has increased, and al-Qaida is porters of withdrawal changed their ar- ground and freedom of maneuver; a on the run, having been forced by U.S. gument yet again. Maybe the surge had marked increase in violence and fur- and Iraqi troops out of the urban areas brought about greater security, they ther ethno-sectarian displacement and like Baghdad, Ramadi, Fallujah, and said, and perhaps this had helped gen- refugee flows; and exacerbation of al- Baquba and into isolated rural areas. erate political progress at the local ready challenging regional dynamics, U.S. casualties, too, have fallen signifi- level, as counterinsurgency doctrine especially with respect to Iran.’’ cantly, even in the midst of ongoing would suggest. But this was irrelevant, Those are the likely consequences of operations. they said, so long as national level po- a precipitous withdrawal, and I hope As GEN Barry McCaffrey put it in a litical reconciliation is lacking—and that the supporters of such a move will recent report, Iraq is seeing ‘‘dramati- since we can never expect that, the tell us how they intend to address the cally reduced levels of civilian sec- troops must leave. chaos and catastrophe that would sure- tarian violence, political assassina- Yet they were wrong again. In Janu- ly follow such a course of action. tions, abductions, and small arms/indi- ary, the Iraqi Parliament passed the Should we leave Iraq before there is a rect fire and IED attacks on U.S. and long-awaited debaathification law that basic level of stability, we invite chaos, Iraqi Police and Army Forces. This is restores the eligibility of thousands of genocide, terrorist safehavens and re- the unmistakable new reality . . . The former party members for government gional war. We invite further Iranian national security debate must move on jobs lost because of their Baathist af- influence at a time when Iranian to an analysis of why this new political filiation. Earlier this month, a provin- operatives are already moving weap- and security situation exists—not cial powers law passed that devolves a ons, training fighters, providing re- whether it exists.’’ significant amount of power to the sources, and helping plan operations to In the face of such facts, it is beyond provinces and mandates new provincial kill American soldiers and damage our perplexing to see the proponents of this elections by October 1 of this year. The efforts to bring stability to Iraq. If our legislation seek not to consolidate our Parliament passed a partial amnesty notions of national security have any gains and ensure that they continue for detainees that can facilitate rec- meaning, they cannot include permit- but, rather, to force a troop withdrawal onciliation among the sects, and it ting the establishment of an Iranian that would reverse all of the achieve- completed a landmark 2008 budget. dominated Middle East that is roiled

VerDate Aug 31 2005 03:15 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.043 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1193 by wider regional war and riddled with tary by imposing dwell times for our U.S. military already stretched dan- terrorist safehavens. forces. While I fully support the goal of gerously thin by this war. We have pro- The supporters of this amendment achieving sustainable dwell times for vided Iraqis with some ‘‘breathing claim that they do not by any means our Armed Forces, I do not believe that space’’ and violence in many parts of intend to cede the battlefield to al- we should try to force such a restric- Iraq is, indeed, down. That fact is at- Qaida; on the contrary, their legisla- tion on the President irrespective of tributable to the fine men and women tion would allow U.S. forces, presum- any contravening interests. of our armed services and to their ably holed up in forward operating Mr. President, as the debate over skills as the finest fighting force in his- bases, to carry out ‘‘targeted oper- Iraq goes on, let us remember to whom tory. Yet Iraq is still not a secure Na- ations, limited in duration and scope, and what we owe our first allegiance— tion because progress on the essential against members of al Qaeda and affili- to the security of the American people tasks of political reconciliation has ated international terrorist organiza- and to the ideals upon which our Na- not been achieved by the Iraqis. Gen- tions.’’ But such a provision draws a tion was founded. That responsibility eral Petraeus has been very clear on false distinction between terrorism and is our dearest privilege, and to be this point: The war in Iraq can only be sectarian violence, between counter- judged by history to have discharged it won politically, not militarily. terrorism and counterinsurgency. Mov- honorably will, in the end, matter so Although the Bush administration ing in with search and destroy missions much more to all of us than any fleet- immediately praised the three reform to kill and capture terrorists, only to ing glory of popular acclaim, electoral measures recently passed by the Iraqi immediately cede the territory to the advantage or office. I hope we might all Parliament, the package served only to enemy, is the failed strategy of the have good reason to expect a kinder postpone critical discussions on the fu- war’s first 4 years. We should not, and judgment of our flaws and follies be- ture of the country and underscore the must not, return to such a disastrous cause when it mattered most we chose fractured State of the Iraqi Govern- course. to put the interests of our great and ment. The Parliament approved a 2008 Americans were divided over this war good Nation before our own and helped, budget, passed a provincial powers law from the beginning, and we remain so in our own small way, preserve for all defining a division of responsibility be- today. All of us want our troops to humanity the magnificent and inspir- tween the central government in Bagh- come home, and to come home as soon ing example of an assured, successful dad and regional authorities, and as possible. But how we leave—that is and ever advancing America and the issued an amnesty bill that may free of the utmost importance. We must not ideals that make us still the greatest thousands of prisoners from the dis- leave, as the supporters of this amend- Nation on Earth.∑ affected Sunni community. But the po- tential details and implementation of ment would have it, in a way that The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. these laws, especially on the amnesty erodes all the security gains that our SANDERS). The Senator from Pennsyl- bill, remain a critical question mark. brave men and women have fought so vania. What the Iraqi leadership failed to hard to achieve and in a way that puts Mr. CASEY. Mr. President, I rise achieve and the decisions of Par- us on the road to surrender. The stakes today to express my concerns, shared liament chose to kick down the road, are too high, we have come too far and by so many of my constituents in so to speak, is perhaps more notable sacrificed too much for that. Instead of Pennsylvania and across the country, than the short-term successes. The surrendering, we should persevere with about the war in Iraq and how our ef- government has yet to tackle the most the pursuit of our strategic objectives: forts there have exacted a direct cost divisive issue in Iraq, and that is this: to defeat al-Qaida, not be defeated by on the fight against al-Qaida and its af- filiates in Afghanistan. who controls the country’s oil and how it; to implant in Iraq the forces of sta- The bills introduced today by Sen- to distribute the proceeds. To take the bility and tolerance, not chaos and ator FEINGOLD and Majority Leader most egregious example, the Kurdistan civil war; to demonstrate that America REID have prompted an important de- regional government in the north keeps its word with its friends and al- bate about our national security. I be- passed its own oil law last August, lies, rather than abandoning them to lieve it is our duty, as elected officials, signing dozens of contracts with inter- horrific consequences. The American to level with the American people on national oil firms, which the central soldiers we have sent to battle deserve the war in Iraq, both on the reality of government in Baghdad deems illegal. to return to us with honor—the honor the situation on the ground and in the The Iraqis have devised a de facto ap- of victory that is due all of those who context of our Nation’s broader stra- proach for splitting oil proceeds in the have paid with the ultimate sacrifice. tegic priorities. We must speak truth short term, but that arrangement is Before I close, I would note that to the anxiety of the American people there will be another vote soon on the vulnerable to breakdown at any time. on what we are doing to make this Legislative accomplishments by the motion to proceed to legislation re- country more secure. Iraqi Parliament are welcome but can quiring the administration to develop a Our Nation recently marked the 1- be very deceiving. So long as the very new al-Qaida strategy within 60 days, year anniversary of the President’s de- parliamentarians who passed these re- and to report it to Congress. I oppose cision to initiate a troop escalation cent bills cannot leave the Green Zone putting such a mandate in law for sev- into Iraq. We are quickly coming up on without fear of assassination attempts eral reasons. The National Security the fifth anniversary of the invasion of or suicide bombings, Iraq remains an Act of 1947 requires the President to Iraq. As the President said in January unsecured nation. transmit to Congress each year a com- of 2007, when announcing the goals of Just as Iraqi progress on internal prehensive report on the national secu- his troop escalation, ‘‘Iraqis will gain reconciliation is sorely lacking, I am rity strategy of the United States. confidence in their leaders and the gov- also distressed by our short-term strat- Title 10 requires the Chairman of the ernment will have the breathing space egy of pacifying local actors in Iraq to Joint Chiefs of Staff to produce a na- it needs to make progress in other crit- improve security while ignoring the tional military strategy and to conduct ical areas.’’ Judged by those standards underlying political and sectarian fault a biennial review of that strategy, a re- enunciated by the President himself, line in Iraq. In short, this approach is view that was recently completed. The the surge has not worked. While we all not sustainable and is undermining— Chairman has indicated that a new na- welcome the reduction in violence, undermining—our overarching objec- tional military strategy is under devel- that metric was never the be-all and tive of national reconciliation. opment and, of course, the next Presi- end-all in determining whether the At the same time we speak of bridg- dent will be required to issue a fresh surge worked. ing the sectarian divides, the U.S. national security strategy. In short Monday of this week, the Pentagon ‘‘awakening strategy’’ in western and there are, and will remain, a number of said it expected 140,000 U.S. troops central Iraq is arming Sunni tribal legislative requirements for security would remain in Iraq this July, 8,000 leaders and integrating former insur- strategies that include a counter- more troops than when the President’s gents into the rough equivalent of mili- terrorism approach. troop buildup began in January of 2007. tias—all in a process separate from and Finally, this bill would attempt to These extended troop deployments parallel to the national armed forces of limit the President’s use of the mili- have imposed a significant toll on a Iraq.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 03:15 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.044 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1194 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 As an article in Time magazine re- ADM Mike Mullen, the Chairman of That is what Secretary Gates said re- cently noted, a number of these ‘‘con- the Joint Chiefs of Staff, recently tes- cently. cerned local citizens’’ militias, orga- tified before Congress, and he said: Mr. President, let me conclude with nized and supported by the U.S. mili- In Afghanistan, we do what we can. In Iraq, this thought: The war in Iraq has in- tary, are now turning on each other in we do what we must. deed strained our military, limiting a contest for influence and territory. With all due respect to Admiral the number of combat divisions we can The Shia-led central government views Mullen, he has it wrong. We should do provide in Afghanistan. It has under- these armed militias as undermining what we must in both places. mined our global leadership, depriving its central authority and has balked at We know that 6 years ago America us of the moral authority to demand integrating large numbers of Sunnis was fighting and winning the war in more of our allies, and it has diverted into the national Iraqi security forces. Afghanistan, and al-Qaida and the the attention of our senior military So at this point we must ask ourselves Taliban were on the run. But instead of and civilian leadership, allowing the whether the U.S. Government, in serv- staying and accomplishing our mission Taliban to mount a comeback under ice of a worthy but short-term objec- in Afghanistan by hunting down those our very eyes. We are losing a war we tive of suppressing violence in Iraq, is who planned the 9/11 attacks, this ad- cannot afford to lose in a futile and only paving the road for a large-scale ministration diverted our attention to misguided effort to force success in an- future conflict by arming sectarian Iraq. Today, the Taliban has returned other conflict that can only be won po- groups separate from the national with a vengeance and controls more litically, not militarily. Our priorities army and police. That is an important territory than at any time since its are tragically mistaken, and our Na- question we must consider. ouster in 2001. Afghanistan is on the tion is paying a severe cost. Let me say, Mr. President, some- brink of becoming yet again a failed Mr. President, I yield the floor, and I times short and telling anecdotes tell a state and thus a safe haven for al-Qaida suggest the absence of a quorum. story. We have read recently that the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The to launch deadly attacks, including Iranian President, Mr. Ahmadinejad, clerk will call the roll. will make a visit to Baghdad next week against the American homeland. The legislative clerk proceeded to Three recent bipartisan reports on for talks with Prime Minister al- call the roll. Maliki and other officials. This visit Afghanistan concluded that the situa- Mr. CASEY. Mr. President, I ask has already been announced, with de- tion on the ground is dire. One report, unanimous consent that the order for tails of his itinerary available to the coauthored by retired general Jim the quorum call be rescinded. press and the public. By sharp con- Jones and Ambassador Thomas Pick- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without trast, when President Bush, Secretary ering, puts it bluntly, and I quote in objection, it is so ordered. part: Rice and/or Secretary Gates visit Iraq, f The progress achieved after 6 years of they travel to Baghdad unannounced MORNING BUSINESS and rarely leave the fortified walls of international engagement is under serious threat from resurgent violence, weakening Mr. CASEY. Mr. President, I ask the Green Zone. international resolve, mounting regional Another example. When Senator unanimous consent that the Senate challenges, and a growing lack of confidence proceed to a period of morning busi- DURBIN and I visited Iraq last August, on the part of the Afghan people about the we flew from the airport to the Green future direction of their country. The United ness, with Senators permitted to speak Zone in low-flying, fast-moving heli- States and the international community for up to 10 minutes each. copters practicing evasive maneuvers. have tried to win the struggle in Afghanistan The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Here is a question we should ask our- with too few military forces and insufficient objection, it is so ordered. selves: Why can the Iranian President economic aid, and without a clear and con- f sistent comprehensive strategy. drive in an open manner into Baghdad AUTHORIZATION FOR REPRESEN- That is the Jones and Pickering re- while U.S. leaders must sneak into the TATION BY SENATE LEGAL port from which I am quoting. country under the cloak of darkness? COUNSEL Five years into our occupation of Iraq, When Secretary of Defense Gates is what does this say about our role in forced to go public with criticisms of Mr. REID. Mr. President, S. Res. 460 Iraq and the security of that nation? the refusal of our NATO allies to de- concerns a civil action filed in the U.S. As Iraq continues to dominate the at- ploy more forces in Afghanistan and District Court for the District of Co- tention and resources of our Govern- his skepticism of their ability to con- lumbia. The National Association of ment, it clouds and confuses our long- duct counterinsurgency operations, we Manufacturers is challenging the con- term U.S. strategic priorities. I remain must admit that the situation on the stitutionality of section 207 of the Hon- troubled, as so many others here re- ground is getting worse in Afghanistan, est Leadership and Open Government main troubled, that a ‘‘Declaration of not better. Military officials expect the Act of 2007, which amended the Lob- Principles’’ signed on November 26, coming year to be even more deadly, as bying Disclosure Act of 1995 to 2007, by President Bush and Prime Min- the Taliban becomes more deadly and strengthen the reporting requirements ister al-Maliki commits our Nation to deploys greater numbers of suicide for coalitions and associations that en- ‘‘providing security assurances and bombers and roadside explosives. U.S. gage in lobbying activities. commitments to the Republic of Iraq forces remain largely isolated in Af- As amended, the law mandates that to deter future aggression against Iraq ghanistan, with key NATO allies refus- registrants disclose the members of that violates its sovereignty and integ- ing to provide ground support and im- their organization that contribute rity of its territories, waters, or air- posing onerous restrictions on where more than $5,000 in a quarterly period space.’’ That is what the Declaration of and how they can fight. The end result to the lobbying activities of the organi- Principles says in part. is that the very future of NATO, the zation and ‘‘actively participate in the Although Secretary Rice assured me most successful alliance in modern his- planning, supervision, or control of during a recent Senate Foreign Rela- tory, is now in grave danger. such activities.’’ Under prior law, dis- tions hearing that no such commit- In a welcome display of straight-talk, closure was required of those members ments will be extended to Iraq, I re- Secretary Gates admitted that the who contributed at least $10,000 for lob- main deeply skeptical. In concert with very reason large segments of the Eu- bying semiannually but only if those my colleagues, I will continue to exer- ropean public do not support NATO op- members ‘‘in whole or in major part’’ cise vigorous oversight to ensure that erations in Afghanistan is due to their planned, supervised, or controlled such President Bush does not lock the antipathy toward U.S. policy in Iraq. lobbying activities. United States into a binding and long- Secretary Gates recently asserted in The plaintiff National Association of term security commitment to Iraq. Munich: Manufacturers alleges that its mem- bers face sustained injury to their first It is time to refocus our energies and Many of them, I think, have a problem our efforts on the ‘‘forgotten war’’ in with our involvement in Iraq and project amendment rights, including their Afghanistan. Our focus on Iraq has dis- that to Afghanistan, and do not understand right to anonymous policy speech, and tracted from and undermined the cen- the very different—for them—the very dif- seeks to prevent the enhanced disclo- tral front in the war on terrorism. ferent kind of threat. sure requirements from taking effect

VerDate Aug 31 2005 03:15 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.073 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1195 on the initial quarterly period filing Ms. Phoenix grew up on the Pyramid Department of Justice does not believe per date, April 21, 2008. Lake Paiute Reservation in northern se liability under the antitrust laws is the NAM named as defendants the U.S. Nevada. After graduating from Sparks appropriate standard. Per se liability gen- attorney for the District of Columbia, erally is reserved for only those agreements High School, she began her career as a that unequivocally have an anticompetitive the Secretary of the Senate, and the tribal ranger on the reservation and effect, while a rule of reason analysis is bet- Clerk of the House. The Secretary and later became BIA chief of police of Car- ter suited to instances when the economic the Clerk are responsible for providing son City, NV. She emphasized the im- impact of the agreement is less certain. In guidance and assistance on lobbying portance of community-oriented polic- this context, per se illegality could increase disclosure requirements, receiving lob- ing and her service was exemplary. She investment risk and litigation costs to all bying registration and report filings, will continue to be an inspirational ex- parties. These factors run the risk of deter- reviewing, inquiring, and verifying the ample to young Native American ring generic challenges to patents, delaying entry of competition from generic drugs, and accuracy of the filings without inves- women. undermining incentives to create new and tigating, notifying lobbyists that ap- The dedication Ms. Phoenix dem- better drug treatments or studying addi- pear not to be in compliance with the onstrated as an officer was com- tional uses for existing drugs. law, and notifying the U.S. attorney of plemented by her dedication to chil- The United States has a strong policy of lobbyist who have been so notified and dren. In 2000, she lost her own children, encouraging settlement of litigation. A set- have failed to submit an appropriate Shasta and Justin, along with her tlement reduces the time and expense of liti- response. The U.S. attorney has the gation, which can be quite substantial. Fur- brother Ronald, to a car accident along ther, it reduces the uncertainty associated duty to enforce the disclosure require- the Pyramid Highway in Sparks, NV. with the pending litigation. A settlement ments through civil, and, under the In response to this devastating trag- can thereby free up management time and new law, criminal, actions. edy, she established youth outreach resources and reduce risk, enabling a com- This resolution authorizes the Senate programs in her children’s memory. pany to focus on developing new and better legal counsel to represent the Sec- She was also instrumental in getting a products. retary of the Senate to defend the con- median divider installed on the stretch The Hatch-Waxman Act context presents a stitutionality of the lobbying disclo- distinct set of circumstances, but settle- of road where the accident occurred, ments creates a structure designed to en- sure amendment in the Honest Leader- once again showing her profound com- courage generic drug makers to challenge ship and Open Government Act and to mitment to the safety of others. these patent rights by asserting either that seek dismissal of the action, in con- Though I am saddened by her pass- the relevant patents are not valid or that the junction with counsel for the House of ing, I share with this body my grati- generic version would not infringe the pat- Representatives and the Department of tude for her devotion to her commu- ents. Among other things, the Hatch-Wax- Justice. nity. I also extend to her family, man Act provides an opportunity for the ge- neric company and the patent holder to liti- Senate counsel will present to the friends, and colleagues my condo- court the bases for the Congress’s judg- gate those issues prior to the generic’s lences. launch of a potentially infringing product. ment, after more than a dozen years of f Thus, unlike most patent litigation in which experience under the Lobbying Disclo- the patent holder has a claim for damages, sure Act, that enhanced reporting re- PRESERVE ACCESS TO the patent holder in the Hatch-Waxman con- quirements are necessary to inform AFFORDABLE GENERICS ACT text typically has no claim for damages be- Congress and the public of the identity cause the generic company has not yet Mr. KYL. Mr. President, I ask unani- launched a product. of those organizations actively partici- mous consent to have the following let- pating in lobbying the Federal Govern- In any patent litigation, the principle ter from the Justice Department com- means available to the patent holder to in- ment. As Justice Louis Brandeis fa- menting on S. 316, the Preserve Access duce the generic company to settle the liti- mously wrote, ‘‘Sunlight is said to be to Affordable Generics Act, printed in gation is to offer something of value. If the the best of disinfectants.’’ the RECORD. patent holder has a damages claim for in- The lobbying amendments enacted There being no objection, the mate- fringement, it can offer to reduce or waive last year were an important part of the its damages. However, in the Hatch-Waxman rial was ordered to be printed in the Congress’s efforts to restore public con- context the patent holder typically has no RECORD, as follows: fidence through integrity and openness damages claim, so its only means of offering in Government and lobbying activities. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, value to induce a settlement is to offer to OFFICE OF, LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS, Disclosure of the identities of organiza- transfer something of value, such as cash or Washington, DC, February 12, 2008. other assets. Under S. 316, the only value tions that actively participate in su- Senator Jon Kyl, that a patent holder could offer to settle a pervising or planning lobbying cam- U.S. Senate, patent infringement claim would be ‘‘the paigns will yield a sizable public ben- Washington, DC. right to market the ANDA product prior to efit while imposing a modest burden on DEAR SENATOR KYL: This responds to your the expiration of the patent’’ at issue (i.e., the exercise of the right of organiza- request for the Department’s views regarding waiving its patent rights in whole or in tions such as the National Association the competitive implications of S. 316, the part). The per se liability under S. 316 elimi- of Manufacturers freely to associate to ‘‘Preserve Access to Affordable Generics nates any other transfer of value if the set- Act.’’ S. 316 addresses the issue of reverse petition the Government in further- tlement also includes a provision requiring payments associated with the settlement or the generic company to respect for any pe- ance of their legislative agenda. resolution of an infringement lawsuit in the riod of time the patent holder’s right to ex- f context of the Hatch-Waxman Act. The bill clude under the patent. The net result may would make it a per se violation of the anti- REMEMBERING DENISE ANN be to reduce the likelihood of potentially trust laws to be a party to an agreement in beneficial settlements and to increase the PHOENIX which an Abbreviated New Drug Application risk that a generic company would need to Mr. REID. Mr. President, I rise today (ANDA) filer receives value and agrees not to litigate a case to judgment (and through an to recognize Denise Ann Phoenix, a research, develop, manufacture, market, or appeal in many instances). Patent holders role model, native Nevadan, and hero. sell the ANDA product for any period of would face greater disincentives to investing Ms. Phoenix, known by her nickname time. The Department believes that the bill in research and development of new and bet- addresses a serious competition issue, but, ‘‘Auntie,’’ devoted her life to improv- ter treatments if they had to litigate every for the reasons discussed below, the Depart- challenge to a judgment and through an ap- ing her Native American community ment has concerns with this bill as drafted. peal. Further, such litigation can take many and promoting child safety. Following As an initial matter, there is the potential years to complete and will divert the time, in the footsteps of her father, Leroy for such settlements to be anticompetitive. attention and resources of both parties dur- Phoenix, Sr., she pursued a career in For example, if the potential losses in profits ing that time. law enforcement and became one of few due to increased competition from entry by Settlement should not serve as a vehicle to women to serve as an investigator with the ANDA filer are large, the ANDA filer enable patent holders to preserve or expand the Bureau of Indian Affairs. She died may be persuaded to drop a strong claim of invalid or non-infringed patents by dividing patent invalidity or non-infringement in re- anticompetitive profits with settling chal- in the line of duty on February 14, 2008, turn for significant payments. As described lengers. However, the public policy favoring after coming into contact with an un- below, however, settlements between an settlements, and the statutory right of pat- identified substance and contracting a ANDA filier and the patent holder also can entees to exclude competition within the fatal lung disease. She was 42 years old. benefit consumer welfare. Accordingly, the scope of their patents, would potentially be

VerDate Aug 31 2005 03:15 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A26FE6.041 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1196 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 frustrated by a rule that subjected patent 2084, more than 6 months ago to ad- and more recent college incidents, the settlements involving reverse payments to dress these incidents. Regrettably, the bill also creates a matching grant pro- automatic or near-automatic invalidation. Senate has failed to take up and pass gram for campus safety and security to These competing considerations suggest that that bill to improve school safety. This be administered out of the COPS Office an appropriate legal standard should take into account the relative likelihood of suc- comprehensive legislation should be of the Department of Justice. The cess of the parties’ claims and the potential considered and passed without further grant program would allow institutions benefits of a settlement in a given situation. delay. of higher education to apply, for the It is important that parties maintain the In originating the bill more than 6 first time, directly for Federal funds to ability to settle, and that the law permit months ago, the Judiciary Committee make school safety and security im- flexibility for settlement negotiations to showed deference to Governor Tim provements. The program is authorized capture efficient agreements that are moti- Kaine and the task forces at work in to be appropriated at $50,000,000 for the vated by legitimate business objectives rath- Virginia, and sought to complement next 2 fiscal years. While this amounts er than anticompetitive goals. their work and recommendations. Finally, we note that subsection 4(a) of the to just three dollars per student each bill appears to contain a typographical error. Working with several Senators, includ- year, it will enable schools to more ef- We believe that the intended reference to the ing Senators BOXER, REED, SPECTER, fectively respond to dangerous situa- United States Code should be ‘‘21 U.S.C. 355 FEINGOLD, SCHUMER, and DURBIN, the tions on campus. note’’ (rather than section ‘‘3155’’). committee originated this bill and re- The bill would also make sworn law Thank you for the opportunity to present ported it at the start of the 2007 aca- enforcement officers who work for pri- our views. Please do not hesitate to call demic year. My hope was that Congress vate institutions of higher education upon us if we may be of additional assist- would adopt these critical school safe- and rail carriers eligible for death and ance. The Office of Management and Budget has advised us that, from the perspective of ty improvements last fall. disability benefits, and for funds ad- the Administration’s program, there is no The recent incidents at E.O. Green ministered under the Byrne grant pro- objection to submission of this letter. Junior High, Mitchell High School, LA, gram and the bulletproof vest partner- Sincerely, Technical College and Northern Illinois ship grant program. Providing this eq- BRIAN A. BENCZKOWSKI, University are just a few of the tragic uitable treatment is in the best inter- Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General. events that have claimed the lives or est of our Nation’s educators and stu- f resulted in serious injuries to students dents, and will serve to place the sup- in the past few months. Since this bill SCHOOL SAFETY AND LAW EN- port of the Federal Government behind was reported out of the Judiciary Com- FORCEMENT IMPROVEMENT ACT the dedicated law enforcement officers mittee, we have seen tragic deaths at who serve and protect private colleges Mr. LEAHY. Mr. Presdient, since my Delaware State University and the and universities nationwide. I com- last statement on the need for prompt University of Memphis, and grievous mend Senator JACK REED for his lead- congressional action to address inci- injuries sustained by students and ership in this area. dents involving threatening conduct teachers at SuccessTech Academy in The bill helps law enforcement by and, too often, deadly acts of violence Cleveland, OH. We have also seen nu- making improvements to the Law En- at our schools and college campuses merous lockdowns nationwide as a re- forcement Officers Safety Act of 2003, nationwide, the violent incidents have sult of threatening conduct in our LEOSA. These amendments to existing continued, with tragic results. schools, including recent lockdowns at law will streamline the system by In the week between February 8 and Fern Creek High School in Louisville, which qualified retired and active offi- February 15, there were at least four KY, and St. Peter’s College in Jersey cers can be certified under LEOSA. It incidents at schools and universities City, NJ. serves us all when we permit qualified resulting in death or serious injury to The School Safety and Law Enforce- officers, with a demonstrated commit- victims of all ages. ment Improvement Act would address ment to law enforcement and no ad- On February 8, a female student the problem of violence in our schools verse employment history, to protect killed two other students, and then in several ways. The bill authorizes themselves, their families, and their herself, inside a classroom on the cam- Federal assistance for programs to im- fellow citizens wherever those officers pus of Louisiana Technical College in prove the safety and security of our may be. Baton Rouge. Three days later, a stu- schools and institutions of higher edu- The bill focuses on prevention as dent at Mitchell High School in Mem- cation, provides equitable benefits to well, by incorporating the PRE- phis, TN, was left in critical condition law enforcement serving those institu- CAUTION Act at the request of Sen- after a violent incident in the school’s tions including bulletproof vests, and ators FEINGOLD and SPECTER. This pro- cafeteria. The day after that, a 15-year- funds pilot programs to develop cut- vision authorizes grants to develop pre- old boy at E.O. Green Junior High in ting-edge prevention and intervention vention and intervention programs for Oxnard, CA, was critically wounded by programs for our schools. The bill also our schools. a classmate. He was later declared clarifies and strengthens two existing Finally, the bill incorporates the brain dead. statutes—the Terrorist Hoax Improve- Terrorist Hoax Improvements Act of Then, on February 14, tragedy struck ments Act and the Law Enforcement 2007, at the request of Senator KEN- at Northern Illinois University. A Officers Safety Act—which are de- NEDY. former student opened fire in a geology signed to improve public safety. The Senate should move forward and class, killing 5 students and wounding Specifically, the bill would improve act. The Virginia Tech Review Panel— 16, before killing himself. As hundreds the safety and security of students a body commissioned by Governor of mourners remembered one of the both at the elementary and secondary Kaine to study the Virginia Tech trag- Northern Illinois University victims at school level and on college and univer- edy—has already issued its findings a funeral service on February 19, more sity campuses. The K–12 improvements based on a 4-month long investigation than 1,000 Virginia Tech students gath- are drawn from a bill that Senator of the incident and its aftermath. This ered in solidarity for a candlelight BOXER introduced last April, and I bill would adopt a number of rec- vigil in Blacksburg, VA. want to thank Senator BOXER for her ommendations from the review panel It has been over 10 months since the hard work on this issue. The improve- aimed at improving school safety. We horrific incident at Virginia Tech re- ments include increased funding for must not miss this opportunity to im- sulted in the tragic deaths of 32 stu- much-needed infrastructure changes to plement these initiatives nationwide, dents and faculty members, and serious improve security as well as the estab- and to take concrete steps to ensure injuries to many other innocent vic- lishment of hotlines and tip-lines, the safety of our kids. I hope the Sen- tims. During that time, we have seen a which will enable students to report ate will promptly move forward to in- barrage of new incidents at our schools potentially dangerous situations to vest in the safety of our students and and college campuses nationwide. school administrators before they better support law enforcement officers The Judiciary Committee reported occur. across the country by considering and out the School Safety and Law En- To address the new realities of cam- passing the School Safety and Law En- forcement Improvement Act of 2007, S. pus safety in the wake of Virginia Tech forcement Improvement Act of 2007.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 03:15 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A26FE6.066 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1197 THE MATTHEW SHEPARD ACT The Indian Health Service derives its service of the 4th Brigade Combat Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I rise authorities from the Indian Health Team, 1st Cavalry Division, as they today to speak about the need for hate Care Improvement Act and its mission complete their service in Iraq and re- crimes legislation. Each Congress, Sen- is to improve the health status of turn to their loving families. ator KENNEDY and I introduce hate American Indians and Alaskan Natives I am so proud of the brave service- crimes legislation that would strength- by constructing, maintaining, and members of the 4–1 Cavalry who have en and add new categories to current managing health care delivery and sacrificed so much to keep our Nation hate crimes law, sending a signal that sanitation systems through a network safe. I also appreciate the commitment violence of any kind is unacceptable in of 49 hospitals, 6,500 IHS, tribal, and of their family members, who have our society. Likewise, each Congress I private contract facilities. The IHS borne a heavy burden to advance the have come to the floor to highlight a provides ambulatory, emergency, den- cause of liberty. All of them deserve separate hate crime that has occurred tal, and preventative health services to our sincere appreciation and gratitude. in our country. 58 percent of the 3.3 million American Since September 11, 2001, our Nation In the early morning hours of Feb- Indians and Alaska Natives; however, has been at war with terrorists who are ruary 15, 2008, a young man and his it is confronting these challenges with determined to kill innocent Americans friend were passing through Temple significant health care workforce and destroy freedom around the world. University’s campus in Philadelphia, shortages. Anywhere from 12 to 32 per- We cannot let that happen. Our coun- PA, when they found themselves in a cent of positions for dentists, nurses, try has the greatest capacity and will physical fight with four Temple stu- optometrists, physicians, and phar- to fight for freedom. If freedom dies in dents. According to reports, the two macists, among other health profes- America, it will die throughout the non-Temple students were standing in sionals, are currently vacant. Thus, the world. I have no doubt we will win this front of a traditionally Jewish frater- passage of this legislation is critical to war because our Nation is blessed to nity house when they were accosted by strengthening the IHS and providing have heroes like the courageous men the four attackers. One of the four al- critical services to American Indians and women of the 4–1 Cavalry. legedly asked the two visitors if they and Alaskan Natives. The 4th Brigade Combat Team, 1st were Jewish. When they replied that Specifically, the reauthorization will Cavalry Division command team, con- they were not, one of the Temple stu- improve the recruitment and retention sists of COL Stephen Twitty and CSM dents evidently began to yell, ‘‘We hate of health providers in the IHS, provide Stephan Frennier. The brigade combat Jews! We hate Jews!’’ According to po- support for American Indians and Alas- team is a relatively new unit that acti- lice, one of the two victims was seri- ka Natives to enter the health profes- vated on October 18, 2005, at Fort Bliss, ously injured and suffered a broken sions, provide funds for the construc- TX. The subordinate units consist of nose and fractured right eye socket. tion of health and sanitation facilities, the 1st Battalion, 9th Cavalry Regi- Temple released a letter characterizing expand Medicare, Medicaid, and CHIP ment, 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regi- the incident as a hate crime. The reimbursement and enrollment to all ment, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry attackers have been suspended pending American Indians and Native Alaskans Regiment, 5th Battalion, 82nd Field Ar- a University Disciplinary Committee health programs, eliminate Medicare tillery Regiment, 4th Brigade Special hearing, while Philadelphia police are and CHIP cost-sharing and premiums Troops Battalion, and the 27 Brigade pursuing criminal charges and have for American Indians and Native Alas- Support Battalion. issued warrants for the suspects’ ar- kans served by tribal health programs, The 4th Brigade Combat Team re- rest. improve IHS information systems, bill- ceived orders to deploy to Iraq in sup- I believe that the Government’s first ing, and patient care and training, port of Operation Iraqi Freedom in duty is to defend its citizens, to defend mandate that the Departments of the July of 2006. Upon completion of mis- them against the harms that come out Interior and Health and Human Serv- sion readiness exercises and a rotation of hate. Federal laws intended to pro- ices design a comprehensive approach at the national training center, the 4– tect individuals from heinous and vio- to behavioral health assessment, treat- 1 Cavalry began to deploy in September lent crimes motivated by hate are woe- ment, and prevention services, estab- of 2006. fully inadequate. This legislation lish a National Bi-Partisan Commis- By their first anniversary, the 4–1 would better equip the Government to sion on Indian Health Care to study the Cavalry arrived in Ninewa Province, fulfill its most important obligation by delivery of services to American Indi- the second largest province in Iraq. protecting new groups of people as well ans and Native Alaskans, require an The 2–12 Cavalry deployed to Baghdad as better protecting citizens already annual report to Congress on the en- to augment the 1st Infantry Division. covered under deficient laws. I believe rollment and health status of Amer- The brigade headquarters was based that by passing this legislation and ican Indians and Native Alaskans in Mosul, Ninewa’s provincial capital, changing current law, we can change served by Federal health programs, re- which is the site of the biblical city of hearts and minds as well. authorize the Indian Health Care Im- Ninewa. The province, slightly larger than the State of Maryland, is in the f provement Fund to support health pro- motion and disease prevention pro- extreme northern part of Iraq. It bor- INDIAN HEALTH CARE grams, cancer screenings, epidemiolog- ders Syria to the west and is comprised IMPROVEMENT ACT ical and health services research, and of Sunni Arabs, Shia Arabs, Turkmen, Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I catastrophic healthcare, and modernize and Christians. The mission of the 4–1 regret having missed the final vote for health care delivery for American In- Cavalry was to build capable Iraqi se- the Indian Health Care Improvement dian and Native Alaskan seniors re- curity forces, to conduct counterinsur- Act of 2007. I support the passage of quiring long-term care, hospice, home/ gency operations in order to neutralize this bill and would have voted in the community-based care, and assisted anti-Iraqi forces and to transition re- affirmative. living. sponsibility for defeating the insur- It has been over 15 years since the In- I commend the work of both the Sen- gency to the Iraqi security forces, and dian Health Care Improvement Act has ate Indian Affairs and Finance Com- the provincial government. They per- been reauthorized. It is critical to mittees and, most importantly, Sen- formed that mission superbly. strengthen the provision of care, ators DORGAN and MURKOWSKI for their Despite being subjected to IEDs, through the Indian Health Service, leadership and commitment to this VBIEDs, and small arms fire, the mem- IHS, to American Indian and Alaska bill. bers of the 4–1 Cavalry did an out- Native populations, who suffer from f standing job protecting the people of significant health disparities compared Ninewa Province. Due to their profes- to the general U.S. population, includ- HONORING THE 4TH BRIGADE COM- sionalism and courage, attacks in the ing a life expectancy that is 2.4 years BAT TEAM, 1ST CAVALRY DIVI- province went from 15 to 18 per day in lower, and significantly higher death SION December of 2006 to 7 to 9 attacks per rates from tuberculosis, alcoholism, di- Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I day by September of 2007. In conjunc- abetes, suicide, and infant mortality. rise today to honor the outstanding tion with their Iraqi counterparts, they

VerDate Aug 31 2005 03:15 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A26FE6.042 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1198 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 also found several tons of military UNITED STATES ARMY’S RESIDEN- This initiative has not only been grade weapons and IED-making mate- TIAL COMMUNITIES INITIATIVE good for our soldiers and their families rial and detained over 1,500 insurgents. ∑ Mrs. CLINTON. Mr. President, I am but also for American taxpayers. In the Altogether, they overcame numerous proud to recognize a truly successful last decade, more than $10 billion of challenges, and through courage and program that, over the past decade, has new private capital has been invested dedication, they succeeded beyond any- made important contributions to im- under the RCI program, compared with one’s expectations. They have much to proving quality of life for our soldiers roughly $1 billion in government eq- be proud of. and their families. Now entering its uity. In other words, RCI has produced On February 27, 2008, the city of El 10th year, the Residential Communities a ten-fold return on our public invest- Paso will hold a parade to honor the Initiative, or RCI, has brought to- ment. brave men and women of the 4–1 Cav- gether members of the private real es- With so many of our brave alry. Our Nation is a better place be- tate community and the Army to build servicemembers serving the Nation in cause of their service and sacrifice on new family housing, and upgrade and Iraq, Afghanistan, and elsewhere behalf of a noble cause. We can never modernize existing family housing, on around the world, it is our responsi- forget them or their family members. flagship Army bases all across the bility to ensure that they and their We honor their struggles and successes country. families have all of the support that in that mission. Back in 1996, the Army faced the they need and deserve here at home. It is with sincere gratitude that I enormous and costly challenge of re- This not only includes the best health recognize them today. placing and renovating its aging and care available but also modern, clean, substandard family housing. Too many f and comfortable housing choices. I in- soldiers and their families were living vite my fellow Senators from both NATIONAL PEACE CORPS WEEK in inadequate housing. According to sides of the aisle to join me in applaud- the Army itself, roughly 70 percent of Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I rise ing the Residential Communities Ini- housing needed replacement or renova- today to commemorate National Peace tiative and its early champions, CHET tion at an estimated cost of $7 billion. Corps Week and to honor more than EDWARDS and Mahlon Apgar, for doing It was clear that action had to be 190,000 Peace Corps Volunteers from so much to enhance quality of life for taken, and in 1996, Congress established our Army families.∑ both my home State of New Mexico the framework for what would become and across the Nation. Each year these the Residential Communities Initiative f courageous men and women embark on when it authorized the Military Hous- HONORING FALLEN HEROES a 2 year journey to help develop the so- ing Privatization Initiative. ∑ Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. President, I cieties of 139 countries around the Under the MHPI umbrella, the Resi- world. rise to acknowledge the sacrifice of our dential Communities Initiative was young men and women in the Armed Almost 47 years ago, then Senator presented in 1999 as one significant Forces. Yesterday, I was fortunate John F. Kennedy challenged students component of the Army’s plan to ad- enough to meet my friend, Albert at the University of Michigan to serve dress this challenge of overhauling in- Carey Caswell, a respected member of their country by peaceably living and adequate family housing. Thanks in the Capitol Guide Service staff, in the working to develop another country. large part to the visionary leadership Over the years, volunteers have made and hard work of my friends, Congress- Halls of the Capitol. He has written a poem in honor of Army SGT Jeff significant and lasting contributions man CHET EDWARDS of Texas and then- around the world by educating people Assistant Secretary of the Army for In- Mersman from my hometown of on basic health issues, performing stallations, Logistics and Environment Parker, KS. Sergeant Mersman died in youth outreach, developing businesses, Mahlon Apgar, RCI successfully navi- Afghanistan while on his fourth tour of and offering assistance to small farm- gated both the Pentagon bureaucracy duty with the 2nd Battalion, 503rd, Air- ers to increase food production. and a maze of congressional commit- borne Infantry Regiment, 173rd Air- Today, over 8,000 volunteers are serv- tees to come to fruition. borne Brigade Combat Team. I ask to ing in the communities of 74 countries. Congressman EDWARDS’s advocacy of have printed in the RECORD Mr. Many Peace Corps volunteers from New RCI was particularly important and is Caswell’s poem in memory of SGT Jeff Mexico are currently posted in Bolivia, just one example of his many success- Mersman and all those heroes like him Ecuador, and Honduras. Volunteers ful efforts to improve quality of life for who gave their lives so valiantly for range in age from 25 to 80, with varying our troops and veterans. Congressman our country. levels of education including individ- EDWARDS works on these critical issues We owe them a debt which can never uals with undergraduate and graduate as cochairman of both the House Army be repaid. degrees. Additionally, the Peace Corps Caucus and the USO Congressional The poem follows: offers programs that support academic Caucus. Most recently, in 2007, as WHO WILL GO? studies once a term of service has con- chairman of the Military Construction Who Will Go? cluded, which allows many volunteers and Veterans’ Affairs Appropriations And who will live, and who will die? And not to further their education after their Subcommittee, Congressman EDWARDS ask why! a Mother cries, as her sweet self-sacrificing service. authored the largest VA budget in- child has died. . . Who will go? A Moth- er cries! The experience volunteers take back crease in the VA’s 77-year history. Indeed, both Congressman EDWARDS with them from their host countries Who will lead? and Secretary Apgar should be proud of So that we all can so live in peace. Who will helps shape the course of their lives. what their efforts have since spawned. die, and who will bleed? Lifelong connections and friendships RCI has made, or will be making, its Who will go, so that we all can so succeed? span these gaps of distance, and volun- way to 45 different Army installations Who will serve? teers have the satisfaction of not only all across the United States, from Fort Who will hear that call, that cry. . .those a job well done, but also of the positive Lewis in Washington State to Fort most solemn words? image they created for our Nation. Hood in Texas to Fort Drum and Fort Who will bring a better world? Who will go? Throughout this week of celebration, Out into the face of hell, with but their Hamilton in my home State of New I encourage Americans to ask them- magnificent flags unfurled! York. At each of these bases, RCI has So our children can awake. . . selves, ‘‘What can I do for my coun- helped to provide our soldiers and their try?’’ In a better world, with but smiles in their families with the kind of modern, qual- hearts and souls. . .as their first steps f ity housing choices that they deserve. they so take! In less than 10 years, more than 86,000 ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS Who will go? houses have been transferred to public- Who will leave, their loved ones behind so? private partnerships under RCI, and With brothers and sisters in arms, together (At the request of Mr. REID, the fol- thousands of Army families have al- bonding into such an angelic glow. . . lowing statement was ordered to be ready benefited from renovation and Who will go? printed in the RECORD.) new construction completed under RCI. Who will leave all that they so love?

VerDate Aug 31 2005 03:15 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G26FE6.040 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1199 Out there into the darkest of all evils, to so from Rexburg; Jaden Cook from Rexburg/ tive in the cultural atmosphere in our rise above! Madison High, and Haley Nord from nation’s Capital. There, she worked on Who will go? Caldwell. the boards of trustees for the U.S. Sen- Who will give up their fine young lives? I proudly and publicly honor these ate Preservation Board, the Founda- To Save The World, all in their most mag- students today for their selfless and tion for the National Archives, and the nificent short lifetimes so unfurled? committed contribution to reducing Washington National Opera, as well as Who will go? teen dating violence and emotional holding board positions on the Library All we have. . . abuse in Idaho.∑ of Congress Madison Council, Smithso- Are but moments in time! In our short lives! To grab hearts, to Heaven f nian Council of American Art, and the rise. . .To Make A Difference. . .in all LEAP YEAR CAPITAL OF THE Kennedy Center National Committee, our short lives! WORLD among others. In 1985, she was ap- pointed by President Reagan to the Who will give? ∑ Give up their arms and legs, their bright Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I wish U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, and eyes and faces so have all of they! And to recognize Anthony, NM, today for Diane had an immediate impact in this take up that charge? being the Leap Year Capital of the new role. She worked to change the de- To so make our world, a better place to live? World. A leap year only occurs once sign on U.S. coins and allow creativity Who will go? every 4 years, and is something to be and American history to serve as the What families shall live? celebrated. Anthony has taken this basis for their design. While her effort With such heartache, because to this country unique day and made it a staple cele- to revolutionize our coinage did not their fine sons and daughters lives did bration for their community. materialize, Diane displayed the tenac- so give! Twenty years ago in Anthony, two Who will cry? And who will go? ity and commitment that character- neighbors who shared a common birth- ized everything she undertook. Who up to Heaven shall so rise? day, February 29, decided they should Diane Wolf was blessed with a loving All of those fine patriots, whom have so find other people with the same unique died. . . and all of those loving moth- family who took pleasure in every as- er’s now with tears in eyes! situation and have a giant birthday pect of her life and her interests. And all of those fine families, All of these, party; after all, it only happens once Though she was taken from them far and all of those! every 4 years. Mary Ann Brown and too early in her life, memories of her To Heaven, They Will Go! They will go! Birdie Lewis created the Worldwide being will be the greatest of family Amen!∑ Leap Year Birthday Club which now treasures. As we look to the future, let f has almost 500 members. Because of the us pause and remember Diane Wolf, an popularity of the birthday club, they outstanding, caring human being who IDAHO TEENS RAISE AWARENESS have also created the Worldwide Leap OF DATING VIOLENCE dedicated her life to helping others. Year Anniversary Club for couples who She will be missed by all who knew ∑ Mr. CRAPO. Mr. President, during celebrate their anniversaries on this her.∑ the first full week of February this special day. f year, we recognized the third annual The Anthony Chamber of Commerce National Teen Dating Violence Aware- has planned several events this year for MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT ness and Prevention Week. In addition those with leap year birthdays and an- Messages from the President of the to the U.S. Senate, close to 50 national, niversaries and also for those with United States were communicated to State, and local agencies and organiza- birthdays on the other 365 days of the the Senate by Mrs. Neiman, one of his tions and many Governors also partici- year. The Worldwide Leap Year Fes- secretaries. pated in the awareness efforts this tival will be kicked off with a parade, f year. Domestic violence and legal ad- and then those attending will enjoy a vocates, education and child advocacy leap year birthday dinner complete EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED organizations, public officials and law with birthday cake. Also in attendance As in executive session the Presiding enforcement have joined this nation- will be Josephine Concho Abeita, a true Officer laid before the Senate messages wide effort to raise awareness of teen New Mexico native, born in 1908, 4 from the President of the United dating violence. I am pleased to report years before New Mexico was even a States sumitting sundry nominations that Idaho students, under the guid- State. Ms. Abeita will celebrate her and withdrawals which were referred to ance of the Idaho Coalition Against 100th birthday and her 25th actual leap the appropriate committees. Sexual and Domestic Violence, are year birthday. I want to commend the (The nominations received today are among the Nation’s leaders in this citizens of Anthony and the creative printed at the end of the Senate pro- campaign. Members of the Idaho Teen way they have designed to promote ceedings.) Advisory Council, a coalition of Idaho their city. I wish them much success f teens from cities and towns statewide, for this year’s celebration.∑ MEASURES PLACED ON THE have volunteered to be the first voices f speaking out against dating violence CALENDAR TRIBUTE TO DIANE WOLF and emotional abuse in their respective The following bills were read the sec- communities and schools. ∑ Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, ond time, and placed on the calendar: As we look back on another success- sadly, I wish to pay tribute to Diane S. 2663. A bill to reform the Consumer ful Teen Dating Violence Awareness Wolf, who died January 10 at the age of Product Safety Commission to provide and Prevention Week, I would like to 53. Diane was someone many of us in greater protection for children’s products, to call public attention to the following the Senate knew well. She was un- improve the screening of noncompliant con- Idaho students who work to promote abashed in her interest in government sumer products, to improve the effectiveness healthy relationships among their and worked tirelessly to improve the of consumer product recall programs, and for world in which we live. She was willing other purposes. peers not just during the awareness S. 2664. A bill to extend the provisions of week but all year long: at all times to use her personal re- the Protect America Act of 2007. Sarah Marie Grigg from Pinehurst; Kath- sources to make issues clearly under- S. 2665. A bill to extend the provisions of erine Kilbourne from Osburn; Tiffany stood and actively supported. She con- the Protect America Act of 2007 until July 1, Delphous from Elk River; James Walker sidered it an obligation of our democ- 2009. from Orofino; Benjamin Allen from Kooskia; racy to express herself on the impor- f Kyle Conger from Kooskia; Samantha Larsen tance of matters under consideration from Weiser; Megan Keller from Kuna; by the Congress. EXECUTIVE AND OTHER Kelsey Eldridge from Boise; Katie Seale from Diane served on countless commit- COMMUNICATIONS Boise; Christi Avery from Boise; Challis Lewis from Jerome; Bronwen Kate Raff from tees ranging from the arts to govern- The following communications were Hailey; Erika Ramirez from American Falls; ment. In addition to her role as a bene- laid before the Senate, together with Monique Betty from Pocatello; Natalie Mil- factor of the Metropolitan Museum of accompanying papers, reports, and doc- ligan from Idaho Falls; Jordyn Bochenek Art in New York, Diane Wolf was ac- uments, and were referred as indicated:

VerDate Aug 31 2005 03:32 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A26FE6.056 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1200 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 EC–5188. A communication from the Direc- ‘‘Passenger Train Emergency Systems; and Houston/Galveston’’ (FRL No. 8532-1) re- tor, Regulatory Management Division, Envi- Emergency Communication, Emergency ceived on February 21, 2008; to the Com- ronmental Protection Agency, transmitting, Egress, and Rescue Access’’ (RIN2130-AB72) mittee on Environment and Public Works. pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled received on February 20, 2008; to the Com- EC–5210. A communication from the Direc- ‘‘Pyroxsulam; Pesticide Tolerances’’ (FRL mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- tor, Regulatory Management Division, Envi- No. 8349–9) received on February 21, 2008; to tation. ronmental Protection Agency, transmitting, the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, EC–5200. A communication from the Senior pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled and Forestry. Trial Attorney, Federal Railroad Adminis- ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of State Imple- EC–5189. A communication from the Direc- tration, Department of Transportation, mentation Plans; Montana; Revisions to Ad- tor, Regulatory Management Division, Envi- transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of ministrative Rules of Montana, and Inter- ronmental Protection Agency, transmitting, a rule entitled ‘‘Railroad Operating Rules: state Transport of Pollution’’ (FRL No. 8527– pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled Program of Operational Tests and Inspec- 1) received on February 21, 2008; to the Com- ‘‘Cyfluthrin; Pesticide Tolerance’’ (FRL No. tions; Railroad Operating Practices: Han- mittee on Environment and Public Works. 8350–3) received on February 21, 2008; to the dling Equipment, Switches and Fixed De- EC–5211. A communication from the Direc- Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and rails’’ (RIN2130-AB76) received on February tor, Regulatory Management Division, Envi- Forestry. 20, 2008; to the Committee on Commerce, ronmental Protection Agency, transmitting, EC–5190. A communication from the Sec- Science, and Transportation. pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled retary of Homeland Security, transmitting, EC–5201. A communication from the Pro- ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality pursuant to law, the report of a violation of gram Analyst, National Highway Traffic Implementation Plans; Virginia; Amend- the Antideficiency Act in a Treasury Appro- Safety Administration, Department of ments to Existing Regulation Provisions priation Fund; to the Committee on Appro- Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to Concerning Reasonably Available Control priations. law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Cargo Car- Technology’’ (FRL No. 8532–6) received on EC–5191. A communication from the Under rying Capacity of Motor Home and Travel February 21, 2008; to the Committee on Envi- Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Tech- Trailers’’ (RIN2127-AJ57) received on Feb- ronment and Public Works. nology and Logistics), transmitting, pursu- ruary 20, 2008; to the Committee on Com- EC–5212. A communication from the Direc- ant to law, an annual report on the Depart- merce, Science, and Transportation. tor, Regulatory Management Division, Envi- ment’s Operation and Financial Support for EC–5202. A communication from the Chair- ronmental Protection Agency, transmitting, Military Museums; to the Committee on man, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, trans- pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled Armed Services. mitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled ‘‘Dibasic Esters; Exemption from the Re- EC–5192. A communication from the Gen- ‘‘Radiation Source Use and Replacement’’; to quirement of a Tolerance’’ (FRL No. 8341–4) eral Counsel, Department of Defense, trans- the Committee on Energy and Natural Re- received on February 21, 2008; to the Com- mitting, the Department’s proposed National sources. mittee on Environment and Public Works. Defense Authorization Bill for fiscal year EC–5203. A communication from the Assist- EC–5213. A communication from the Ad- 2009; to the Committee on Armed Services. ant Secretary for Management, Department ministrator, Environmental Protection EC–5193. A communication from the Under of Veterans Affairs, transmitting, pursuant Agency, transmitting, pursuant to law, a re- Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Tech- to law, an annual report for fiscal year 2007 port entitled ‘‘Clean Watersheds Needs Sur- nology and Logistics), transmitting, pursu- relative to alternative fuel vehicles; to the vey 2004 Report to Congress’’; to the Com- ant to law, a report relative to the funding Committee on Energy and Natural Re- mittee on Environment and Public Works. needed to sustain key military equipment; to sources. EC–5214. A communication from the Sec- the Committee on Armed Services. EC–5204. A communication from the Sec- retary of Health and Human Services, trans- EC–5194. A communication from the Chief retary of Energy, transmitting, pursuant to mitting, pursuant to law, a report relative to Counsel, Office of Foreign Assets Control, law, the Department’s Financial Report for the Medicare bundled end-stage renal disease Department of the Treasury, transmitting, fiscal year 2007; to the Committee on Energy prospective payment system; to the Com- pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled and Natural Resources. mittee on Finance. ‘‘Iranian Assets Control Regulations, Nar- EC–5205. A communication from the Assist- EC–5215. A communication from the Assist- cotics Trafficking Sanctions Regulations, ant Secretary of Energy (Energy Efficiency ant Secretary, Office of Legislative Affairs, Burmese Sanctions Regulations, Sudanese and Renewable Energy), transmitting, pursu- Department of State, transmitting, pursuant Sanctions Regulations’’ (31 CFR Parts 535, ant to law, a report relative to the imple- to law, a report on defense trade coopera- 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 545, 560, 585, 586, mentation of Energy Conservation Standards tion; to the Committee on Foreign Rela- 587, 588, 593, 594, and 595) received on Feb- Activities; to the Committee on Energy and tions. ruary 19, 2008; to the Committee on Banking, Natural Resources. EC–5216. A communication from the Chair, Housing, and Urban Affairs. EC–5206. A communication from the Assist- Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship and Excel- EC–5195. A communication from the Pro- ant Secretary, Office of Legislative Affairs, lence in Education Foundation, transmit- gram Analyst, National Highway Traffic Department of State, transmitting, pursuant ting, pursuant to law, an annual report rel- Safety Administration, Department of to law, a report relative to the Department’s ative to the activities of the Goldwater Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to Alternative Fuel Vehicle program for fiscal Foundation in fiscal year 2007; to the Com- law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Response year 2007; to the Committee on Energy and mittee on Health, Education, Labor, and to Petitions for Reconsideration on EDR Natural Resources. Pensions. Final Rule’’ (RIN2127–AK12) received on Feb- EC–5207. A communication from the Direc- EC–5217. A communication from the Sec- ruary 20, 2008; to the Committee on Com- tor, Regulatory Management Division, Envi- retary of Health and Human Services, trans- merce, Science, and Transportation. ronmental Protection Agency, transmitting, mitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled EC–5196. A communication from the Chief, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Ensuring Access to Health Insurance Cov- Public Safety and Homeland Security Bu- ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality erage in the Large Group Market’’; to the reau, Federal Communications Commission, Implementation Plans; State of Maryland; Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of Revised Definition of Volatile Organic Com- Pensions. a rule entitled ‘‘Wireless E911 Location Ac- pound’’ (FRL No. 8532-4) received on Feb- EC–5218. A communication from the Direc- curacy Requirements’’ (FCC 07–166) received ruary 21, 2008; to the Committee on Environ- tor, Regulations Policy and Management on February 8, 2008; to the Committee on ment and Public Works. Staff, Department of Health and Human Commerce, Science, and Transportation. EC–5208. A communication from the Direc- Services, transmitting, pursuant to law, the EC–5197. A communication from the Assist- tor, Regulatory Management Division, Envi- report of a rule entitled ‘‘Exceptions or Al- ant Secretary for Administration, Depart- ronmental Protection Agency, transmitting, ternatives to Labeling Requirements for ment of Commerce, transmitting, pursuant pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled Products Held by the Strategic National to law, a report relative to its use of cat- ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Stockpile’’ (Docket No. 2006N–0466) received egory rating; to the Committee on Com- Implementation Plans; Maine; Open Burning on February 21, 2008; to the Committee on merce, Science, and Transportation. Rule’’ (FRL No. 8526-5) received on February Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. EC–5198. A communication from the Chief 21, 2008; to the Committee on Environment EC–5219. A communication from the Sec- Counsel, Saint Lawrence Seaway Develop- and Public Works. retary of Education, transmitting, pursuant ment Corporation, Department of Transpor- EC–5209. A communication from the Direc- to law, an annual report relative to the im- tation, transmitting, pursuant to law, the re- tor, Regulatory Management Division, Envi- plementation of the Federal Financial As- port of a rule entitled ‘‘Seaway Regulations ronmental Protection Agency, transmitting, sistance Management Improvement Act; to and Rules: Periodic Update, Various Cat- pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, egories’’ (RIN2135–AA27) received on Feb- ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality and Pensions. ruary 21, 2008; to the Committee on Com- Implementation Plans; Revisions to Control EC–5220. A communication from the Sec- merce, Science, and Transportation. Volatile Organic Compound Emissions; Vola- retary of Health and Human Services, trans- EC–5199. A communication from the Trial tile Organic Compound Control for El Paso, mitting, pursuant to law, a report relative to Attorney, Federal Railroad Administration, Gregg, Nueces, and Victoria Counties and testing for rapid detection of adulteration of Department of Transportation, transmitting, the Ozone Standard Nonattainment Areas of food; to the Committee on Health, Edu- pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled Beaumont/Port Arthur, Dallas/Fort Worth, cation, Labor, and Pensions.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 03:32 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A26FE6.046 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1201 EC–5221. A communication from the Om- Remembrance, transmitting, pursuant to S. 2668. A bill to amend the Internal Rev- budsman, Energy Employees Compensation law, the Commission’s Annual Report on the enue Code of 1986 to remove cell phones from Program, Department of Labor, transmit- National Moment of Remembrance for fiscal listed property under section 280F; to the ting, pursuant to law, a report relative to year 2007; to the Committee on the Judici- Committee on Finance. the Energy Employees Occupational Illness ary. By Ms. SNOWE (for herself, Mr. ROCKE- Compensation Program; to the Committee EC–5233. A communication from the White FELLER, Mr. PRYOR, Ms. COLLINS, and on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. House Liaison, Office of Legal Counsel, De- Mr. KERRY): EC–5222. A communication from the Sec- partment of Justice, transmitting, pursuant S. 2669. A bill to provide for the implemen- retary of Health and Human Services, trans- to law, the report of a nomination for the po- tation of a Green Chemistry Research and mitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled sition of Assistant Attorney General, re- Development Program, and for other pur- ‘‘Child Welfare Outcomes 2002–2005: Report to ceived on February 21, 2008; to the Com- poses; to the Committee on Commerce, Congress’’; to the Committee on Health, mittee on the Judiciary. Science, and Transportation. Education, Labor, and Pensions. EC–5234. A communication from the White EC–5223. A communication from the Comp- House Liaison, Office of Legal Counsel, De- f troller General of the United States, trans- partment of Justice, transmitting, pursuant SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND mitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled to law, the report of action on the nomina- SENATE RESOLUTIONS ‘‘Performance and Accountability High- tion for the position of Assistant Attorney lights’’; to the Committee on Homeland Se- General, received on February 21, 2008; to the The following concurrent resolutions curity and Governmental Affairs. Committee on the Judiciary. and Senate resolutions were read, and EC–5224. A communication from the Direc- EC–5235. A communication from the White referred (or acted upon), as indicated: tor, Office of Government Ethics, transmit- House Liaison, Office of Legal Policy, De- By Mr. ISAKSON (for himself and Mr. ting, pursuant to law, an annual report rel- partment of Justice, transmitting, pursuant ative to privacy and security for fiscal year CHAMBLISS): to law, the report of the designation of an S. Res. 461. A resolution designating March 2007; to the Committee on Homeland Secu- acting officer for the position of Assistant rity and Governmental Affairs. 1, 2008 as ‘‘World Friendship Day’’; to the Attorney General, received on February 21, Committee on the Judiciary. EC–5225. A communication from the Sec- 2008; to the Committee on the Judiciary. retary, Federal Trade Commission, transmit- EC–5236. A communication from the White f ting, pursuant to law, a report entitled ‘‘Ac- House Liaison, Civil Rights Division, Depart- ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS counting for Laws that Apply Differently to ment of Justice, transmitting, pursuant to the United States Postal Service and its Pri- law, the report of a nomination and designa- S. 394 vate Competitors’’; to the Committee on tion of an acting officer for the position of Homeland Security and Governmental Af- At the request of Mr. AKAKA, the Assistant Attorney General, received on Feb- name of the Senator from Alaska (Ms. fairs. ruary 21, 2008; to the Committee on the Judi- EC–5226. A communication from the Chair- MURKOWSKI) was added as a cosponsor ciary. man, Council of the District of Columbia, EC–5237. A communication from the White of S. 394, a bill to amend the Humane transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on House Liaison, Tax Division, Department of Methods of Livestock Slaughter Act of D.C. Act 17–291, ‘‘Rhode Island Metro Plaza Justice, transmitting, pursuant to law, the 1958 to ensure the humane slaughter of Revenue Bonds Approval Act of 2008’’ re- report of a nomination and action on the nonambulatory livestock, and for other ceived on February 21, 2008; to the Com- nomination for the position of Assistant At- mittee on Homeland Security and Govern- purposes. torney General, received on February 21, mental Affairs. S. 396 EC–5227. A communication from the Spe- 2008; to the Committee on the Judiciary. EC–5238. A communication from the White At the request of Mr. DORGAN, the cial Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruc- name of the Senator from Virginia (Mr. tion, transmitting, pursuant to law, the House Liaison, Environmental and Natural Quarterly Report for January 2008; to the Resources Division, Department of Justice, WEBB) was added as a cosponsor of S. Committee on Homeland Security and Gov- transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of 396, a bill to amend the Internal Rev- ernmental Affairs. action on a nomination, received on Feb- enue Code of 1986 to treat controlled EC–5228. A communication from the Direc- ruary 21, 2008; to the Committee on the Judi- foreign corporations in tax havens as tor, Office of Personnel Management, trans- ciary. domestic corporations. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–5239. A communication from the White S. 431 entitled ‘‘Prevailing Rate Systems: Defini- House Liaison, Civil Division, Department of tion of the Municipality of Bayamon, PR, to Justice, transmitting, pursuant to law, the At the request of Mr. SCHUMER, the a Nonappropriated Fund Federal Wage Sys- report of a nomination for the position of As- name of the Senator from Connecticut tem Wage Area’’ (RIN3206–AL43) received on sistant Attorney General, received on Feb- (Mr. LIEBERMAN) was added as a co- February 14, 2008; to the Committee on ruary 21, 2008; to the Committee on the Judi- sponsor of S. 431, a bill to require con- Homeland Security and Governmental Af- ciary. EC–5240. A communication from the White victed sex offenders to register online fairs. identifiers, and for other purposes. EC–5229. A communication from the Direc- House Liaison, Office of the Associate Attor- tor, Office of Personnel Management, trans- ney General, Department of Justice, trans- S. 588 mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a At the request of Mr. NELSON of Flor- entitled ‘‘Prevailing Rate Systems: Abolish- nomination for the position of Associate At- ida, the name of the Senator from Flor- torney General, received on February 21, ment of Rock Island, Illinois, as a Non- ida (Mr. MARTINEZ) was added as a co- 2008; to the Committee on the Judiciary. appropriated Fund Federal Wage System sponsor of S. 588, a bill to amend title Wage Area’’ (RIN3206–AL44) received on Feb- EC–5241. A communication from the White ruary 14, 2008; to the Committee on Home- House Liaison, Office of the Deputy Attorney XVIII of the Social Security Act to in- land Security and Governmental Affairs. General, Department of Justice, transmit- crease the Medicare caps on graduate EC–5230. A communication from the Direc- ting, pursuant to law, the report of a nomi- medical education positions for States tor, Office of the Combined Federal Cam- nation for the position of Deputy Attorney with a shortage of residents. General, received on February 21, 2008; to the paign, Office of Personnel Management, S. 911 transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of Committee on the Judiciary. At the request of Mr. REED, the name a rule entitled ‘‘Solicitation of Federal Civil- f ian and Uniformed Service Personnel for of the Senator from Michigan (Mr. Contributions to Private Voluntary Organi- INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND LEVIN) was added as a cosponsor of S. zations—Eligibility and Public Account- JOINT RESOLUTIONS 911, a bill to amend the Public Health ability Standards’’ ((RIN3206–AL47) (5 CFR The following bills and joint resolu- Service Act to advance medical re- Part 950)) received on February 14, 2008; to tions were introduced, read the first search and treatments into pediatric the Committee on Homeland Security and and second times by unanimous con- cancers, ensure patients and families Governmental Affairs. have access to the current treatments EC–5231. A communication from the Dis- sent, and referred as indicated: trict of Columbia Auditor, transmitting, pur- By Mr. MENENDEZ: and information regarding pediatric suant to law, a report entitled, ‘‘Letter Re- S. 2667. A bill to direct the Attorney Gen- cancers, establish a population-based port: Certification of the Fiscal Year 2008 eral to make an annual grant to the A Child national childhood cancer database, Total Non-Dedicated Local Source Revenues Is Missing Alert and Recovery Center to as- and promote public awareness of pedi- in Support of the District’s $333,840,000 Gen- sist law enforcement agencies in the rapid atric cancers. eral Obligation Bonds (Series 2007C)’’; to the recovery of missing children, and for other S. 988 Committee on Homeland Security and Gov- purposes; to the Committee on the Judici- ernmental Affairs. ary. At the request of Ms. MIKULSKI, the EC–5232. A communication from the Execu- By Mr. KERRY (for himself and Mr. name of the Senator from Utah (Mr. tive Director, White House Commission on ENSIGN): HATCH) was added as a cosponsor of S.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 03:32 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A26FE6.048 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1202 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 988, a bill to extend the termination memoration of veterans who became MARTINEZ) was added as a cosponsor of date for the exemption of returning disabled for life while serving in the S. 2614, a bill to facilitate the develop- workers from the numerical limita- Armed Forces of the United States. ment, demonstration, and implementa- tions for temporary workers. S. 2123 tion of technology for the use in re- S. 989 At the request of Mr. KENNEDY, the moving carbon dioxide and other At the request of Mrs. LINCOLN, the name of the Senator from New Jersey greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. name of the Senator from South Da- (Mr. LAUTENBERG) was added as a co- S. 2618 kota (Mr. JOHNSON) was added as a co- sponsor of S. 2123, a bill to provide col- At the request of Ms. KLOBUCHAR, the sponsor of S. 989, a bill to amend title lective bargaining rights for public name of the Senator from California XVI of the Social Security Act to clar- safety officers employed by States or (Mrs. FEINSTEIN) was added as a co- ify that the value of certain funeral their political subdivisions. sponsor of S. 2618, a bill to amend the and burial arrangements are not to be S. 2182 Public Health Service Act to provide considered available resources under At the request of Mr. SMITH, the for research with respect to various the supplemental security income pro- name of the Senator from Texas (Mrs. forms of muscular dystrophy, including gram. HUTCHISON) was added as a cosponsor of Becker, congenital, distal, Duchenne, S. 1069 S. 2182, a bill to amend the Public Emery-Dreifuss Facioscapulohumeral, At the request of Ms. SNOWE, the Health Service Act with respect to limb-girdle, myotonic, and name of the Senator from South Da- mental health services. oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophies. kota (Mr. JOHNSON) was added as a co- S. 2368 S. 2627 sponsor of S. 1069, a bill to amend the At the request of Mr. PRYOR, the At the request of Mr. DOMENICI, the Public Health Service Act regarding name of the Senator from Tennessee name of the Senator from Texas (Mr. early detection, diagnosis, and treat- (Mr. ALEXANDER) was added as a co- CORNYN) was added as a cosponsor of S. ment of hearing loss. sponsor of S. 2368, a bill to provide im- 2627, a bill to provide for a biennial budget process and a biennial appro- S. 1494 migration reform by securing Amer- priations process and to enhance over- At the request of Mr. DOMENICI, the ica’s borders, clarifying and enforcing name of the Senator from Kentucky existing laws, and enabling a practical sight and the performance of the Fed- eral Government. (Mr. BUNNING) was added as a cosponsor employer verification program. S. 2633 of S. 1494, a bill to amend the Public S. 2505 At the request of Mr. FEINGOLD, the Health Service Act to reauthorize the At the request of Ms. CANTWELL, the names of the Senator from New York special diabetes programs for Type I di- names of the Senator from Utah (Mr. (Mr. SCHUMER) and the Senator from abetes and Indians under that Act. HATCH) and the Senator from Georgia New Jersey (Mr. LAUTENBERG) were S. 1738 (Mr. CHAMBLISS) were added as cospon- added as cosponsors of S. 2633, a bill to At the request of Mr. BIDEN, the sors of S. 2505, a bill to allow employ- provide for the safe redeployment of name of the Senator from South Da- ees of a commercial passenger airline United States troops from Iraq. kota (Mr. JOHNSON) was added as a co- carrier who receive payments in a S. 2634 sponsor of S. 1738, a bill to establish a bankruptcy proceeding to roll over At the request of Mr. FEINGOLD, the Special Counsel for Child Exploitation such payments into an individual re- names of the Senator from Pennsyl- Prevention and Interdiction within the tirement plan, and for other purposes. vania (Mr. CASEY), the Senator from Office of the Deputy Attorney General, S. 2533 Rhode Island (Mr. WHITEHOUSE), the to improve the Internet Crimes At the request of Mr. KENNEDY, the Senator from New York (Mr. SCHUMER), Against Children Task Force, to in- name of the Senator from Wisconsin the Senator from New Jersey (Mr. LAU- crease resources for regional computer (Mr. FEINGOLD) was added as a cospon- TENBERG) and the Senator from Con- forensic labs, and to make other im- sor of S. 2533, a bill to enact a safe, necticut (Mr. DODD) were added as co- provements to increase the ability of fair, and responsible state secrets privi- sponsors of S. 2634, a bill to require a law enforcement agencies to inves- lege Act. report setting forth the global strategy tigate and prosecute predators. S. 2544 of the United States to combat and de- S. 1780 At the request of Mr. KENNEDY, the feat al Qaeda and its affiliates. OCKEFELLER At the request of Mr. R , name of the Senator from California S. 2636 the name of the Senator from Okla- (Mrs. BOXER) was added as a cosponsor At the request of Mr. REID, the homa (Mr. COBURN) was added as a co- of S. 2544, a bill to provide for a pro- names of the Senator from Iowa (Mr. sponsor of S. 1780, a bill to require the gram of temporary extended unemploy- HARKIN) and the Senator from West FCC, in enforcing its regulations con- ment compensation. Virginia (Mr. ROCKEFELLER) were added cerning the broadcast of indecent pro- S. 2566 as cosponsors of S. 2636, a bill to pro- gramming, to maintain a policy that a At the request of Mr. ISAKSON, the vide needed housing reform. single word or image may be consid- name of the Senator from Wyoming S. 2662 ered indecent. (Mr. ENZI) was added as a cosponsor of At the request of Mr. BAUCUS, the S. 1838 S. 2566, a bill to amend the Internal name of the Senator from Wyoming At the request of Mr. CORNYN, the Revenue Code of 1986 to provide a Fed- (Mr. ENZI) was added as a cosponsor of name of the Senator from Massachu- eral income tax credit for certain home S. 2662, a bill to respond to a medicare setts (Mr. KERRY) was added as a co- purchases. funding warning. sponsor of S. 1838, a bill to provide for S. 2590 S. 2663 the health care needs of veterans in far At the request of Mr. GRASSLEY, the At the request of Mr. PRYOR, the South Texas. name of the Senator from North Da- names of the Senator from Illinois (Mr. S. 1945 kota (Mr. CONRAD) was added as a co- DURBIN) and the Senator from New At the request of Mr. DURBIN, the sponsor of S. 2590, a bill to authorize York (Mr. SCHUMER) were added as co- name of the Senator from New York the Secretary of the Interior, acting sponsors of S. 2663, a bill to reform the (Mrs. CLINTON) was added as a cospon- through the Director of the National Consumer Product Safety Commission sor of S. 1945, a bill to provide a Fed- Park Service, to designate the Dr. Nor- to provide greater protection for chil- eral income tax credit for Patriot em- man E. Borlaug Birthplace and Child- dren’s products, to improve the screen- ployers, and for other purposes. hood Home in Cresco, Iowa, as a Na- ing of noncompliant consumer prod- S. 2119 tional Historic Site and as a unit of the ucts, to improve the effectiveness of At the request of Mr. JOHNSON, the National Park System, and for other consumer product recall programs, and name of the Senator from Illinois (Mr. purposes. for other purposes. DURBIN) was added as a cosponsor of S. S. 2614 S. RES. 252 2119, a bill to require the Secretary of At the request of Mr. BARRASSO, the At the request of Mr. BOND, the name the Treasury to mint coins in com- name of the Senator from Florida (Mr. of the Senator from Virginia (Mr.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 03:32 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00054 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A26FE6.051 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1203 WEBB) was added as a cosponsor of S. could be placed in a pocket or handbag. Whereas personal friendships among indi- Res. 252, a resolution recognizing the Congress was skeptical about the daily vidual citizens can foster greater under- increasingly mutually beneficial rela- business use of cell phones. standing among nations and cultures; tionship between the United States of Technological advances have revolu- Whereas people all over the world have tionized the cell phone and mobile travelled or opened their homes as hosts in America and the Republic of Indonesia. order to promote international under- S. RES. 449 communication device industries. standing; Twenty years ago, no one could have At the request of Mr. SMITH, the Whereas nonprofit organizations such as name of the Senator from Nevada (Mr. imagined the role BlackBerries play in Friendship Force International, which was our day-to-day communications. Cell ENSIGN) was added as a cosponsor of S. founded in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1977, have phones and mobile communication de- Res. 449, a resolution condemning in helped to promote such international ex- vices are now widespread throughout changes; the strongest possible terms President all types of businesses. Employers pro- Whereas, today, there are more than 35,000 of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s state- vide their employees with these devices members of Friendship Force International ments regarding the State of Israel and to enable them to remain connected 24 in 40 States and 58 foreign countries who are the Holocaust and calling for all mem- hours a day, seven days a week. The building bridges across the cultural barriers that separate people; and ber States of the United Nations to do cost of the devices has been reduced, the same. Whereas, in order to celebrate on an an- and most providers offer unlimited nual basis the cause of peace through inter- S. RES. 455 airtime for one monthly rate. national understanding, March 1, 2008 should At the request of Mr. DURBIN, the Recently, the Internal Revenue Serv- be recognized as World Friendship Day: Now, names of the Senator from Maryland ice reminded field examiners of the therefore, be it (Ms. MIKULSKI), the Senator from Cali- substantiation rules for cell phones as Resolved, That the Senate— fornia (Mrs. BOXER), the Senator from listed property. The current rule re- (1) honors those who promote international Connecticut (Mr. LIEBERMAN), the Sen- quires employers to maintain expen- understanding and good will in the world; ator from Nebraska (Mr. HAGEL), the sive and detailed logs, and employers and (2) designates March 1, 2008 as ‘‘World Senator from New York (Mr. SCHUMER) caught without cell phone logs could Friendship Day’’, and asks people every- and the Senator from Colorado (Mr. face tax penalties. The MOBILE Cell Phone Act of 2008 where to mark and celebrate the day appro- ALLARD) were added as cosponsors of S. priately. Res. 455, a resolution calling for peace updates the tax treatment of cell in Darfur. phones and mobile communication de- f vices by repealing the requirement f AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED AND that employers maintain detailed logs. PROPOSED STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED The tax code should keep pace with BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS technological advances. There is no SA 4085. Ms. KLOBUCHAR submitted an longer a reason that cell phones and amendment intended to be proposed by her By Mr. KERRY (for himself and to the bill S. 2663, to reform the Consumer mobile communication devices should Mr. ENSIGN): Product Safety Commission to provide be treated differently from office S. 2668. A bill to amend the Internal greater protection for children’s products, to phones or computers. improve the screening of noncompliant con- Revenue Code of 1986 to remove cell I urge my colleagues to support this phones from listed property under sec- sumer products, to improve the effectiveness commonsense change. of consumer product recall programs, and for tion 280F; to the Committee on Fi- Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- other purposes; which was ordered to lie on nance. sent that the text of the bill be printed the table. Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, today in the RECORD. SA 4086. Mr. NELSON of Florida (for Mr. Senator ENSIGN and I are introducing There being no objection, the text of INOUYE (for himself and Mr. STEVENS)) pro- the MOBILE Cell Phone Act, Modernize the bill was ordered to be printed in posed an amendment to the bill S. 428, to amend the Wireless Communications and Our Bookkeeping in the Law for Em- the RECORD, as follows: ployees’ Cell Phone Act 2008. The pur- Public Safety Act of 1999, and for other pur- S. 2668 poses. pose of this legislation is to update the Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- tax treatment of cell phones and mo- resentatives of the United States of America in f bile communication devices. Congress assembled, TEXT OF AMENDMENTS During the past 20 years, the use of SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. cell phone and mobile communication This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Modernize SA 4085. Ms. KLOBUCHAR submitted devices has skyrocketed. Cell phones Our Bookkeeping In the Law for Employee’s an amendment intended to be proposed are no longer viewed as an executive Cell Phone Act of 2008’’. by her to the bill S. 2663, to reform the perk or a luxury item. They no longer SEC. 2. REMOVAL OF CELLULAR TELEPHONES Consumer Product Safety Commission (OR SIMILAR TELECOMMUNI- to provide greater protection for chil- resemble suitcases or are hardwired to CATIONS EQUIPMENT) FROM LISTED the floor of an automobile. Cell phone PROPERTY. dren’s products, to improve the screen- and mobile communication devices are (a) IN GENERAL.—Subparagraph (A) of sec- ing of noncompliant consumer prod- now part of daily business practices at tion 280F(d)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code ucts, to improve the effectiveness of (defining listed property) is amended by in- consumer product recall programs, and all levels. serting ‘‘and’’ at the end of clause (iv), by In 1989, Congress passed a law, which for other purposes; which was ordered striking clause (v), and by redesignating to lie on the table; as follows: added cell phones to the definition of clause (vi) as clause (v). listed property under section 280F(d)(4) (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment At the appropriate place, insert the fol- of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. made by subsection (a) shall apply to taxable lowing: Treating cell phones as listed property years beginning after December 31, 2007. SEC. ———. INDUSTRY-SPONSORED TRAVEL BAN. requires substantial documentation in f (a) IN GENERAL.—The Act, as amended by order for cell phones to benefit from section 30 of this Act, is further amended by SUBMITTED RESOLUTIONS adding at the end thereof the following: accelerated depreciation and not be ‘‘SEC. 42. PROHIBITION ON INDUSTRY-SPON- treated as taxable income to the em- SORED TRAVEL. ployee. This documentation is required SENATE RESOLUTION 461—DESIG- ‘‘(a) PROHIBITION.—Notwithstanding sec- to substantiate that the cell phone is NATING MARCH 1, 2008 AS tion 1353 of title 31, United States Code, no used for business purposes more than 50 ‘‘WORLD FRIENDSHIP DAY’’ Commissioner or employee of the Commis- percent of the time. Generally, listed Mr. ISAKSON (for himself and Mr. sion shall accept payment or reimbursement property is property that inherently CHAMBLISS) submitted the following for travel, subsistence, or related expenses lends itself to personal use, such as resolution; which was referred to the with respect to attendance by a Commis- automobiles. sioner or employee at any meeting or similar Committee on the Judiciary: function relating to official duties of a Com- Back in 1989, cell phone technology S. RES. 461 missioner or an employee, from a person— was an expensive technology worthy of Whereas it should be the goal of all Ameri- ‘‘(1) seeking official action from, doing detailed logsheets. At that time, it was cans to promote international understanding business with, or conducting activities regu- difficult to envision cell phones that and good will; lated by, the Commission; or

VerDate Aug 31 2005 04:36 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A26FE6.053 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1204 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 ‘‘(2) whose interests may be substantially The purpose of this oversight hearing The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without affected by the performance or nonperform- is to receive testimony on the Energy objection, it is so ordered. ance of the Commissioner’s or employee’s of- Information Administration’s revised COMMITTEE ON FINANCE ficial duties. Annual Energy Outlook. ‘‘(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, I ask FOR OFFICIAL TRAVEL.—There are authorized Because of the limited time available unanimous consent that the Com- to be appropriated, for each of fiscal years for the hearing, witnesses may testify mittee on Finance be authorized to 2009 through 2011, $1,200,000 to the Commis- by invitation only. However, those meet during the session of the Senate sion for travel, subsistence, and related ex- wishing to submit written testimony on Tuesday, February 26, 2008, at 10 penses necessary in furtherance of the offi- for the hearing record may do so by a.m., in room 215 of the Dirksen Senate cial duties of Commissioners and employ- sending it to the Committee on Energy Office Building, in order to hear testi- ees.’’. and Natural Resources, United States mony on ‘‘Economic and Fiscal Condi- (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of Senate, Washington, DC 20510–6150, or contents, as amended by section 30 of this tions of the States.’’ Act, is further amended by inserting after by e-mail to Rose- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the item relating to section 40 the following: [email protected]. objection, it is so ordered. ‘‘Sec. 42. Prohibition on industry-sponsored For further information, please con- SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE travel.’’. tact Tara Billingsley at (202) 224–4756 or Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, I ask SA 4086. Mr. NELSON of Florida (for Rosemarie Calabro at (202) 224–5039. unanimous consent that the Select Mr. INOUYE (for himself and Mr. STE- COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL Committee on Intelligence be author- VENS)) proposed an amendment to the RESOURCES ized to meet during the session of the bill S. 428, to amend the Wireless Com- Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I Senate on February 26, 2008, at 2:30 munications and Public Safety Act of would like to announce for the infor- p.m. in order to hold a closed hearing. 1999, and for other purposes; as follows: mation of the Senate and the public The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without On page 11, strike lines 1 through 7 and in- that an oversight hearing has been objection, it is so ordered. sert the following: scheduled before the Committee on En- f ‘‘(e) FCC AUTHORITY TO REQUIRE 9–1–1 ergy and Natural Resources. UNANIMOUS CONSENT REQUEST— SERVICE.—The Commission may require any The hearing will be held on Wednes- provider of a voice service that is a sub- day, March 12, 2008 at 2:15 p.m., in room H.R. 1254 stitute for telephone exchange service (as de- SD–366 of the Dirksen Senate Office Mr. NELSON of Florida. Mr. Presi- fined in section 3(47) of the Communications Building. dent, I ask unanimous consent that the Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 153(47))) to provide 9–1– Senate proceed to the immediate con- 1 service, including enhanced 9–1–1 service, The purpose of this oversight hearing to its subscribers. Nothing in this subsection is to receive testimony on Hardrock sideration of Calendar No. 435, H.R. shall limit or otherwise affect the authority Mining: Issues Relating to Abandoned 1254, the Presidential Library Donation of the Commission under the Communica- Mine Lands and Uranium Mining. Reform Act of 2007; that the com- tions Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.).’’. Because of the limited time available mittee-reported amendments be con- On page 11, beginning in line 12, strike for the hearing, witnesses may testify sidered and agreed to; that the bill, as ‘‘that term’’ and insert ‘‘the term ‘Inter- by invitation only. However, those amended, be read a third time, passed, connected VoIP Service’’’. wishing to submit written testimony and the motion to reconsider be laid On page 11, beginning in line 14, strike ‘‘(47 upon the table; and that any state- C.F.R. 9.3), as those regulations may be for the hearing record should send it to amended by the Commission from time to the Committee on Energy and Natural ments relating to the bill be printed in time.’’ and insert ‘‘(47 C.F.R. 9.3).’’. Resources, United States Senate, the RECORD, as if read, without further On page 18, strike lines 8 through 17 and in- Washington, DC 20510–6150, or by e-mail intervening action or debate. sert the following: to [email protected]. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there (b) AVAILABILITY OF PSAP INFORMATION.— For further information, please con- objection? The Federal Communications Commission tact Patty Beneke at 202–224–5451 or Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, reserv- may compile a list of public safety answer- Gina Weinstock at 202–224–5684. ing the right to object, I ask the Sen- ing point contact information, as well as ator to modify his request to include contact information for 9–1–1 component pro- f an amendment I have at the desk viders, for the purpose of assisting IP-en- abled voice service providers and others in AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO which makes the bill applicable to complying with this Act and section 158(d) of MEET Presidents serving on or after January the National Telecommunications and Infor- 21, 2009. COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES mation Administration Organization Act (47 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the U.S.C. 942(d)) as amended by subsection (a), Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, I ask Senator so modify his request? and may make any portion of such informa- unanimous consent that the Com- Mr. NELSON of Florida. Mr. Presi- tion available to the public if such avail- mittee on Armed Services be author- dent, there is an objection. I object. ability would improve public safety. ized to meet during the session of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- On page 19, line 13, insert ‘‘Federal Com- Senate on Tuesday, February 26, 2008, ator declines to modify his original re- munications’’ after ‘‘The’’ at 9:30 a.m., in open session in order to On page 20, after line 9, insert the fol- quest. Is there an objection to the re- receive testimony on the Department quest as originally stated? lowing: of the Army in review of the defense SEC. 7. Section 2301 of the Implementing Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I ob- Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission authorization request for fiscal year ject. Act of 2007 (47 U.S.C. 901 note) is amended by 2009 and the future years defense pro- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- striking ‘‘the ‘Improving Emergency Com- gram. tion is heard. munications Act of 2007’.’’ and inserting ‘‘the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I want ‘911 Modernization Act’.’’. objection, it is so ordered. to clarify why I am objecting to the f COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL passage of H.R. 1254, the Presidential RESOURCES Library Donation Reform Act, in its NOTICES OF HEARINGS Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, I ask current form. COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL unanimous consent that the Com- In the past, I supported a bill very RESOURCES mittee on Energy and Natural Re- similar to this. I have always sup- Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I sources be authorized to meet during ported transparency in these matters. would like to announce for the infor- the session of the Senate in order to My concern is in the fairness of pass- mation of the Senate and the public conduct a hearing on Tuesday, Feb- ing this legislation today. When this that an oversight hearing has been ruary 26, 2008, at 10 a.m., in room SD366 legislation was introduced at the very scheduled before the Senate Committee of the Dirksen Senate Office Building. beginning of this administration’s ten- on Energy and Natural Resources. The At this hearing, the Committee will ure, I supported it because it would hearing will be held on Tuesday, March hear testimony regarding U.S. oil in- have provided sufficient notice to the 4, 2008, at 10 a.m., in room SD–366 of the ventory policies, including the Stra- new administration of a change in re- Dirksen Senate Office Building. tegic Petroleum Reserve policies. porting requirements.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 04:47 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A26FE6.061 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1205 However, this administration’s final voice services, including the security of 9–1–1 (7) by striking ‘‘wireless.’’ in subsection (c) term is near an end, and I do not be- networks. The Commission shall require IP-en- and inserting ‘‘wireless, IP-enabled, or alter- lieve it is fair to change the rules on abled voice service providers to which the regu- native emergency communications.’’. lations apply to register with the Commission (b) DEFINITIONS.—Section 6 of the Wireless them. and to establish a point of contact for public Communications and Public Safety Act of 1999 This administration has complied safety and government officials relative to 9–1– (47 U.S.C. 615b), as amended by section 2(b), is with the existing procedures. Changing 1 service and access. further amended by adding at the end thereof them now would put a greater burden ‘‘(2) DELEGATION OF ENFORCEMENT TO STATE the following: on them than any other past adminis- COMMISSIONS.—The Commission may delegate ‘‘(12) ALTERNATIVE EMERGENCY COMMUNICA- tration which already finished col- authority to enforce the regulations issued TIONS SERVICE.—The term ‘alternative emer- lecting the majority of donations for under paragraph (1) to State commissions or gency communications service’ means the provi- their libraries. other State agencies or programs with jurisdic- sion of emergency information to a public safety tion over emergency communications. answering point via wire or radio communica- Enacting this bill to apply only to fu- ‘‘(c) SAVINGS CLAUSE.—Nothing in the IP-En- tions, and may include 9–1–1 and enhanced 9–1– ture administrations would solve this abled Voice Communications and Public Safety 1 Services. problem, and put them on notice of the Act of 2007 shall be construed as repealing or ‘‘(13) ALTERNATIVE EMERGENCY COMMUNICA- new reporting requirements and proce- otherwise altering, modifying, affecting, or su- TIONS SERVICE PROVIDER.—The term ‘alternative dures. perseding Federal regulations obligating an IP- emergency communications service provider’ I have an amendment to this bill so enabled voice service provider to provide 9–1–1 means an entity other than a local exchange that it will be enacted only to apply to service or enhanced 9–1–1 service. carrier, wireless carrier, or an IP-enabled voice ‘‘(d) LIMITATION ON COMMISSION.—Nothing in service provider that is required by the Commis- administrations serving on or after this section shall be construed to permit the sion or, in the absence of any such requirement, January 21, 2009. If this amendment is Commission to issue regulations that require or is specifically authorized by the appropriate accepted, I will be happy to support the impose a specific technology or technological local or State 9–1–1 governing authority, to pro- legislation. standard. vide alternative emergency communications ‘‘(e) FCC AUTHORITY TO REQUIRE 9–1–1 SERV- f services.’’. ICE.—The Federal Communications Commission SEC. 4. STATE AUTHORITY OF FEES. IP-ENABLED VOICE COMMUNICA- is authorized to require other providers of com- Nothing in this Act, the Communications Act TIONS AND PUBLIC SAFETY ACT munications services using wire or radio commu- of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.), the Wireless Com- OF 2007 nication in interstate or foreign commerce to munications and Public Safety Act of 1999 (47 provide 9–1–1 service, including enhanced 9–1–1 Mr. NELSON of Florida. Mr. Presi- U.S.C. 615a), or any Federal Communications service, to users for the purpose of promoting Commission regulation or order shall prevent dent, I have a unanimous consent re- safety of life and property.’’. the imposition on, or collection by, a provider of quest that has been cleared on both (b) DEFINITIONS.—Section 6 of the Wireless IP-enabled voice services or commercial mobile sides. I ask unanimous consent that Communications and Public Safety Act of 1999 service, of any fee or charge specifically des- the Senate proceed to the immediate (47 U.S.C. 615b) is amended by adding at the ignated by a State, political subdivision thereof, consideration of Calendar No. 327, S. end thereof the following: or Indian tribe for the support of 9–1–1 or E 099– ‘‘(8) IP-ENABLED VOICE SERVICE.—The term 428. 1–1 services if that fee or charge— ‘IP-enabled voice service’ has the meaning given (1) for IP-enabled voice services, does not ex- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The that term by section 9.3 of the Commission’s reg- clerk will report the bill by title. ceed the amount of any such fee or charge im- ulations (47 C.F.R. 9.3), as those regulations posed on or collected by a provider of tele- The legislative clerk read as follows: may be amended by the Commission from time to communications services; and A bill (S. 428) to amend the Wireless Com- time. (2) is obligated or expended in support of 9–1– munications and Public Safety Act of 1999, ‘‘(9) IP-ENABLED 9–1–1 SERVICE.—The term 1 and E 099–1–1 services, or enhancements of and for other purposes. ‘IP-enabled 9–1–1 service’ means any 9–1–1 serv- such services, or other emergency communica- ice provided by an IP-enabled voice service pro- There being no objection, the Senate tions services as specified in the provision of vider, including enhanced IP-enabled 9–1–1 State or local law adopting the fee or charge. proceeded to consider the bill, which service. SEC. 5. FEE ACCOUNTABILITY. had been reported from the Committee ‘‘(10) ENHANCED IP-ENABLED 9–1–1 SERVICE.— To ensure efficiency, transparency, and ac- on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- The term ‘enhanced IP-enabled 9–1–1 service’ means any enhanced 9–1–1 service so designated countability in the collection and expenditure of tation, with an amendment to strike 9–1–1 fees, the Federal Communications Commis- all after the enacting clause and insert by the Federal Communications Commission in its Report and Order in WC Docket Nos. 04–36 sion shall submit a report within 1 year after in lieu thereof the following: and 05–196, or any successor proceeding. the date of enactment of this Act, and annually SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. ‘‘(11) 9–1–1 COMPONENT.—The term ‘9–1–1 com- thereafter, to the Senate Committee on Com- This Act may be cited as the ‘‘IP-Enabled ponent’ means any equipment, network, data- merce, Science, and Transportation and the Voice Communications and Public Safety Act of bases (including automatic location information House of Representatives Committee on Energy 2007’’. databases and master street address guides), and Commerce detailing the status in each State SEC. 2. DUTY TO PROVIDE 9–1–1 AND E–9–1–1 interface, selective router, trunkline, non- of the collection and distribution of 9–1–1 fees SERVICE. dialable p-ANI’s, or other related facility nec- and include findings on the amount of revenues (a) IN GENERAL.—The Wireless Communica- essary for the delivery and completion of 9–1–1 obligated or expended by each State or political tions and Public Safety Act of 1999 (47 U.S.C. or E–9–1–1 calls and information related to such subdivision thereof for any purpose other than 615 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the calls, as determined by the Commission.’’. the purpose for which any fee or charges are following: SEC. 3. PARITY OF PROTECTION FOR PROVISION presented. SEC. 6. MIGRATION TO IP-ENABLED EMERGENCY ‘‘SEC. 7. IP-ENABLED VOICE SERVICE PROVIDERS. OR USE OF IP-ENABLED VOICE SERV- ICE. NETWORK. ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—It shall be the duty of (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 158 of the National every IP-enabled voice service provider engaged (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 4 of the Wireless Communications and Public Safety Act of 1999 Telecommunications and Information Adminis- in interstate or foreign communication to pro- tration Organization Act (47 U.S.C. 942) is vide 9–1–1 service, including enhanced 9–1–1 (47 U.S.C. 615a) is amended— (1) by striking ‘‘carrier,’’ in subsection (a) and amended— service, to its subscribers in accordance with or- inserting ‘‘carrier, IP-enabled voice service pro- (1) by redesignating subsections (d) and (e) as ders of the Commission in effect on the date of vider, or alternative emergency communications subsections (e) and (f), respectively; enactment of the IP-Enabled Voice Communica- service provider,’’; (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the fol- tions and Public Safety Act of 2007, as such or- (2) by striking ‘‘its’’ the first place it appears lowing: ders may be modified by the Commission from in subsection (a) and inserting ‘‘their’’; ‘‘(d) MIGRATION PLAN REQUIRED.— time to time. (3) by striking ‘‘emergency calls or emergency ‘‘(1) NATIONAL PLAN REQUIRED.—No more than ‘‘(b) ACCESS TO 9–1–1 COMPONENTS.— services.’’ in subsection (a) and inserting ‘‘emer- 270 days after the date of the enactment of the ‘‘(1) REGULATIONS.—Within 90 days after the gency calls, emergency services, or alternative IP-Enabled Voice Communications and Public date of enactment of the IP-Enabled Voice Com- emergency communications services.’’; Safety Act of 2007, the Office shall develop and munications and Public Safety Act of 2007, the (4) by striking ‘‘service shall’’ in subsection report to Congress on a national plan for mi- Commission shall issue regulations granting IP- (b) and inserting ‘‘service, or IP-enabled voice grating to a national IP-enabled emergency net- enabled voice service providers right of access to service, shall’’; work capable of receiving and responding to all 9–1–1 components that are necessary to provide (5) by striking ‘‘wireless.’’ in subsection (b) citizen activated emergency communications 9–1–1 service, on the same rates, terms, and con- and inserting ‘‘wireless, IP-enabled, or alter- and improving information sharing among all ditions that are provided to commercial mobile native emergency communications.’’; emergency response entities. service providers. In promulgating the regula- (6) by striking ‘‘communications,’’ in sub- ‘‘(2) CONTENTS OF PLAN.—The plan required tions, the Commission shall take into account section (c) and inserting ‘‘communications, IP- by paragraph (1) shall— any technical, network security, or information enabled voice service communications, or alter- ‘‘(A) outline the potential benefits of such a privacy issues that are specific to IP-enabled native emergency communications,’’; and migration;

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‘‘(B) identify barriers that must be overcome promulgated under the Communications Act of SEC. 7. Section 2301 of the Implementing and funding mechanisms to address those bar- 1934, respectively. Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission riers; SEC. 8. COMPLETION OF THE HATFIELD REPORT. Act of 2007 (47 U.S.C. 901 note) is amended by ‘‘(C) provide specific mechanisms for ensuring (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after striking ‘‘the ‘Improving Emergency Com- the IP-enabled emergency network is available the date of enactment of this Act, the Federal munications Act of 2007’.’’ and inserting ‘‘the in every community and is coordinated on a Communications Commission shall remit all ‘911 Modernization Act’.’’. local, regional, and Statewide basis; amounts promised for the completion of an up- The committee amendment, in the ‘‘(D) identify location technology for nomadic date to the Report on Technical and Oper- nature of a substitute, as amended, was devices and for office buildings and multi-dwell- ational Issues Impacting the Provision of Wire- agreed to. ing units; less Enhanced 9–1–1 Services by Dale N. Hatfield The bill (S. 428), as amended, was or- ‘‘(E) include a proposed timetable, an outline filed at the Commission on October 15, 2002, in dered to be engrossed for a third read- of costs and potential savings; WT Docket No. 02-46. ing, was read the third time, and ‘‘(F) provide specific legislative language, if (b) SUBMISSION OF REPORT.—Mr. Hatfield passed, as follows: necessary, for achieving the plan; shall submit his written findings as of May 1, ‘‘(G) provide recommendations on any legisla- 2006, to the Federal Communications Commis- S. 428 tive changes, including updating definitions, to sion not later than 60 days after receiving the Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- facilitate a national IP-enabled emergency net- payment described in subsection (a). resentatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, work; Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I con- SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. ‘‘(H) assess, collect, and analyze the experi- gratulate the Senator from Florida for ences of the PSAPs and related public safety This Act may be cited as the ‘‘IP-Enabled authorities who are conducting trial deploy- this bill as modified. I think it is a step Voice Communications and Public Safety ments of IP-enabled emergency networks as of in the right direction. I am pleased to Act of 2007’’. the date of enactment of the IP-Enabled Voice support the bill. SEC. 2. DUTY TO PROVIDE 9–1–1 AND E–9–1–1 Communications and Public Safety Act of 2007; Mr. NELSON of Florida. Mr. Presi- SERVICE. ‘‘(I) document solutions that a national IP- dent, I thank the distinguished Senator (a) IN GENERAL.—The Wireless Communica- enabled emergency network will provide for 9–1– from Alaska because he has been very tions and Public Safety Act of 1999 (47 U.S.C. 615 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end 1 access to those with disabilities and needed much a part of this effort, along with steps to implement such solutions, including a the following: Senator INOUYE. recommended timeline for such implementation; ‘‘SEC. 7. IP-ENABLED VOICE SERVICE PROVIDERS. and As a result of several things they did, ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—It shall be the duty of ‘‘(J) analyze technologies and efforts to pro- I now ask unanimous consent that the every IP-enabled voice service provider en- vide automatic location capabilities and provide amendment at the desk be considered gaged in interstate or foreign communica- recommendations on needed regulatory or legis- and agreed to, the committee-reported tion to provide 9–1–1 service, including en- lative changes necessary to implement automatic substitute, as amended, be agreed to, hanced 9–1–1 service, to its subscribers in ac- location solutions for 9–1–1 purposes. the bill, as amended, be read a third cordance with orders of the Commission in ‘‘(3) CONSULTATION.—In developing the plan effect on the date of enactment of the IP-En- time, passed, and the motion to recon- abled Voice Communications and Public required by paragraph (1), the Office shall con- sider be laid upon the table; and that sult with representatives of the public safety Safety Act of 2007, as such orders may be community, groups representing those with dis- any statements relating to the bill be modified by the Commission from time to abilities, technology and telecommunications printed in the RECORD, without inter- time. ‘‘(b) ACCESS TO 9–1–1 COMPONENTS.— providers, and others it deems appropriate.’’; vening action or debate. ‘‘(1) REGULATIONS.—Within 90 days after and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the date of enactment of the IP-Enabled (3) by striking ‘‘services.’’ in subsection (b)(1) objection, it is so ordered. Voice Communications and Public Safety and inserting ‘‘services, and for migration to an The amendment (No. 4086) was agreed Act of 2007, the Commission shall issue regu- IP-enabled emergency network.’’. to, as follows: lations granting IP-enabled voice service (b) AVAILABILITY OF PSAP INFORMATION.— (Purpose: To clarify the FCC’s authority to providers right of access to 9–1–1 components The Federal Communications Commission may require 9–1–1 service, and for other purposes) that are necessary to provide 9–1–1 service, compile a list of public safety answering point on the same rates, terms, and conditions contact information, testing procedures, classes On page 11, strike lines 1 through 7 and in- that are provided to commercial mobile serv- and types of services supported by public safety sert the following: ‘‘(e) FCC AUTHORITY TO REQUIRE 9–1–1 ice providers. In promulgating the regula- answering points, selective router contact infor- SERVICE.—The Commission may require any tions, the Commission shall take into ac- mation, or other information concerning nec- provider of a voice service that is a sub- count any technical, network security, or in- essary 9–1–1 components, for the purpose of as- stitute for telephone exchange service (as de- formation privacy issues that are specific to sisting providers in complying with this section, fined in section 3(47) of the Communications IP-enabled voice services, including the secu- and may make any portion of such information Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 153(47))) to provide 9–1– rity of 9–1–1 networks. The Commission shall available to the public if such availability would 1 service, including enhanced 9–1–1 service, require IP-enabled voice service providers to improve public safety. to its subscribers. Nothing in this subsection which the regulations apply to register with (c) DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS.—The Fed- shall limit or otherwise affect the authority the Commission and to establish a point of eral Communications Commission shall work co- of the Commission under the Communica- contact for public safety and government of- operatively with public safety organizations, in- tions Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.).’’. ficials relative to 9–1–1 service and access. dustry participants, and the E–9–1–1 Implemen- On page 11, beginning in line 12, strike ‘‘(2) DELEGATION OF ENFORCEMENT TO STATE tation Coordination Office to develop best prac- ‘‘that term’’ and insert ‘‘the term ‘Inter- COMMISSIONS.—The Commission may dele- tices that promote consistency, where appro- connected VoIP Service’’’. gate authority to enforce the regulations priate, including procedures for— On page 11, beginning in line 14, strike ‘‘(47 issued under paragraph (1) to State commis- (1) defining geographic coverage areas for C.F.R. 9.3), as those regulations may be sions or other State agencies or programs Public Safety Answering Points; amended by the Commission from time to with jurisdiction over emergency commu- (2) defining network diversity requirements for time.’’ and insert ‘‘(47 C.F.R. 9.3).’’. nications. delivery of IP-enabled 9–1–1 calls; On page 18, strike lines 8 through 17 and in- ‘‘(c) SAVINGS CLAUSE.—Nothing in the IP- (3) call-handling in the event of call overflow sert the following: Enabled Voice Communications and Public or network outages; (b) AVAILABILITY OF PSAP INFORMATION.— Safety Act of 2007 shall be construed as re- (4) Public Safety Answering Point certifi- The Federal Communications Commission pealing or otherwise altering, modifying, af- cation and testing requirements; may compile a list of public safety answer- fecting, or superseding Federal regulations (5) validation procedures for inputting and ing point contact information, as well as obligating an IP-enabled voice service pro- updating location information in relevant data- contact information for 9–1–1 component pro- vider to provide 9–1–1 service or enhanced 9– bases; and viders, for the purpose of assisting IP-en- 1–1 service. (6) the format for delivering address informa- abled voice service providers and others in ‘‘(d) LIMITATION ON COMMISSION.—Nothing tion to Public Safety Answering Points. complying with this Act and section 158(d) of in this section shall be construed to permit SEC. 7. ENFORCEMENT. the National Telecommunications and Infor- the Commission to issue regulations that re- The Commission shall enforce the Wireless mation Administration Organization Act (47 quire or impose a specific technology or Communications and Public Safety Act of 1999 U.S.C. 942(d)) as amended by subsection (a), technological standard. (47 U.S.C. 615a) as if that Act were part of the and may make any portion of such informa- ‘‘(e) FCC AUTHORITY TO REQUIRE 9–1–1 Communications Act of 1934. For purposes of tion available to the public if such avail- SERVICE.—The Commission may require any this section, any violation of the Wireless Com- ability would improve public safety. provider of a voice service that is a sub- munications and Public Safety Act of 1999 (47 On page 19, line 13, insert ‘‘Federal Com- stitute for telephone exchange service (as de- U.S.C. 615a), or any regulation promulgated munications’’ after ‘‘The’’ fined in section 3(47) of the Communications under that Act, is deemed to be a violation of On page 20, after line 9, insert the fol- Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 153(47))) to provide the Communications Act of 1934 or a regulation lowing:

VerDate Aug 31 2005 04:47 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00058 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A26FE6.044 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1207 9–1–1 service, including enhanced 9–1–1 serv- 1–1 governing authority, to provide alter- authorities who are conducting trial deploy- ice, to its subscribers. Nothing in this sub- native emergency communications serv- ments of IP-enabled emergency networks as section shall limit or otherwise affect the ices.’’. of the date of enactment of the IP-Enabled authority of the Commission under the Com- SEC. 4. STATE AUTHORITY OF FEES. Voice Communications and Public Safety munications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et Nothing in this Act, the Communications Act of 2007; seq.).’’. Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.), the Wireless ‘‘(I) document solutions that a national IP- (b) DEFINITIONS.—Section 6 of the Wireless Communications and Public Safety Act of enabled emergency network will provide for Communications and Public Safety Act of 1999 (47 U.S.C. 615a), or any Federal Commu- 9–1–1 access to those with disabilities and 1999 (47 U.S.C. 615b) is amended by adding at nications Commission regulation or order needed steps to implement such solutions, the end thereof the following: shall prevent the imposition on, or collec- including a recommended timeline for such ‘‘(8) IP-ENABLED VOICE SERVICE.—The term tion by, a provider of IP-enabled voice serv- implementation; and ‘IP-enabled voice service’ has the meaning ices or commercial mobile service, of any fee ‘‘(J) analyze technologies and efforts to given the term ‘Interconnected VoIP Serv- or charge specifically designated by a State, provide automatic location capabilities and political subdivision thereof, or Indian tribe ice’ by section 9.3 of the Commission’s regu- provide recommendations on needed regu- for the support of 9–1–1 or E 099–1–1 services lations (47 C.F.R. 9.3). latory or legislative changes necessary to if that fee or charge— ‘‘(9) IP-ENABLED 9–1–1 SERVICE.—The term implement automatic location solutions for (1) for IP-enabled voice services, does not ‘IP-enabled 9–1–1 service’ means any 9–1–1 9–1–1 purposes. exceed the amount of any such fee or charge service provided by an IP-enabled voice serv- ‘‘(3) CONSULTATION.—In developing the plan imposed on or collected by a provider of tele- ice provider, including enhanced IP-enabled required by paragraph (1), the Office shall communications services; and 9–1–1 service. consult with representatives of the public (2) is obligated or expended in support of 9– ‘‘(10) ENHANCED IP-ENABLED 9–1–1 SERVICE.— safety community, groups representing those 1–1 and E 099–1–1 services, or enhancements The term ‘enhanced IP-enabled 9–1–1 service’ with disabilities, technology and tele- of such services, or other emergency commu- means any enhanced 9–1–1 service so des- communications providers, and others it nications services as specified in the provi- ignated by the Federal Communications deems appropriate.’’; and sion of State or local law adopting the fee or Commission in its Report and Order in WC (3) by striking ‘‘services.’’ in subsection charge. Docket Nos. 04–36 and 05–196, or any suc- (b)(1) and inserting ‘‘services, and for migra- cessor proceeding. SEC. 5. FEE ACCOUNTABILITY. To ensure efficiency, transparency, and ac- tion to an IP-enabled emergency network.’’. ‘‘(11) 9–1–1 COMPONENT.—The term ‘9–1–1 countability in the collection and expendi- (b) AVAILABILITY OF PSAP INFORMATION.— component’ means any equipment, network, ture of 9–1–1 fees, the Federal Communica- databases (including automatic location in- The Federal Communications Commission tions Commission shall submit a report may compile a list of public safety answer- formation databases and master street ad- within 1 year after the date of enactment of dress guides), interface, selective router, ing point contact information, as well as this Act, and annually thereafter, to the contact information for 9–1–1 component pro- trunkline, non-dialable p-ANI’s, or other re- Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, lated facility necessary for the delivery and viders, for the purpose of assisting IP-en- and Transportation and the House of Rep- abled voice service providers and others in completion of 9–1–1 or E–9–1–1 calls and infor- resentatives Committee on Energy and Com- complying with this Act and section 158(d) of mation related to such calls, as determined merce detailing the status in each State of the National Telecommunications and Infor- by the Commission.’’. the collection and distribution of 9–1–1 fees SEC. 3. PARITY OF PROTECTION FOR PROVISION and include findings on the amount of reve- mation Administration Organization Act (47 OR USE OF IP-ENABLED VOICE SERV- nues obligated or expended by each State or U.S.C. 942(d)) as amended by subsection (a), ICE. political subdivision thereof for any purpose and may make any portion of such informa- (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 4 of the Wireless other than the purpose for which any fee or tion available to the public if such avail- Communications and Public Safety Act of charges are presented. ability would improve public safety. 1999 (47 U.S.C. 615a) is amended— SEC. 6. MIGRATION TO IP-ENABLED EMERGENCY (c) DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS.—The Fed- (1) by striking ‘‘carrier,’’ in subsection (a) NETWORK. eral Communications Commission shall and inserting ‘‘carrier, IP-enabled voice serv- (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 158 of the Na- work cooperatively with public safety orga- ice provider, or alternative emergency com- tional Telecommunications and Information nizations, industry participants, and the E– munications service provider,’’; Administration Organization Act (47 U.S.C. 9–1–1 Implementation Coordination Office to (2) by striking ‘‘its’’ the first place it ap- 942) is amended— develop best practices that promote consist- pears in subsection (a) and inserting ‘‘their’’; (1) by redesignating subsections (d) and (e) (3) by striking ‘‘emergency calls or emer- as subsections (e) and (f), respectively; ency, where appropriate, including proce- gency services.’’ in subsection (a) and insert- (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the fol- dures for— ing ‘‘emergency calls, emergency services, or lowing: (1) defining geographic coverage areas for alternative emergency communications serv- ‘‘(d) MIGRATION PLAN REQUIRED.— Public Safety Answering Points; ices.’’; ‘‘(1) NATIONAL PLAN REQUIRED.—No more (2) defining network diversity require- (4) by striking ‘‘service shall’’ in sub- than 270 days after the date of the enactment ments for delivery of IP-enabled 9–1–1 calls; section (b) and inserting ‘‘service, or IP-en- of the IP-Enabled Voice Communications (3) call-handling in the event of call over- abled voice service, shall’’; and Public Safety Act of 2007, the Office flow or network outages; (5) by striking ‘‘wireless.’’ in subsection (b) shall develop and report to Congress on a na- (4) Public Safety Answering Point certifi- and inserting ‘‘wireless, IP-enabled, or alter- tional plan for migrating to a national IP- cation and testing requirements; native emergency communications.’’; enabled emergency network capable of re- (5) validation procedures for inputting and (6) by striking ‘‘communications,’’ in sub- ceiving and responding to all citizen acti- updating location information in relevant section (c) and inserting ‘‘communications, vated emergency communications and im- databases; and IP-enabled voice service communications, or proving information sharing among all emer- (6) the format for delivering address infor- alternative emergency communications,’’; gency response entities. mation to Public Safety Answering Points. and ‘‘(2) CONTENTS OF PLAN.—The plan required SEC. 7. ENFORCEMENT. (7) by striking ‘‘wireless.’’ in subsection (c) by paragraph (1) shall— The Federal Communications Commission and inserting ‘‘wireless, IP-enabled, or alter- ‘‘(A) outline the potential benefits of such shall enforce the Wireless Communications native emergency communications.’’. a migration; (b) DEFINITIONS.—Section 6 of the Wireless ‘‘(B) identify barriers that must be over- and Public Safety Act of 1999 (47 U.S.C. 615a) Communications and Public Safety Act of come and funding mechanisms to address as if that Act were part of the Communica- 1999 (47 U.S.C. 615b), as amended by section those barriers; tions Act of 1934. For purposes of this sec- 2(b), is further amended by adding at the end ‘‘(C) provide specific mechanisms for en- tion, any violation of the Wireless Commu- thereof the following: suring the IP-enabled emergency network is nications and Public Safety Act of 1999 (47 ‘‘(12) ALTERNATIVE EMERGENCY COMMUNICA- available in every community and is coordi- U.S.C. 615a), or any regulation promulgated TIONS SERVICE.—The term ‘alternative emer- nated on a local, regional, and Statewide under that Act, is deemed to be a violation gency communications service’ means the basis; of the Communications Act of 1934 or a regu- provision of emergency information to a pub- ‘‘(D) identify location technology for no- lation promulgated under the Communica- lic safety answering point via wire or radio madic devices and for office buildings and tions Act of 1934, respectively. communications, and may include 9–1–1 and multi-dwelling units; SEC. 8. COMPLETION OF THE HATFIELD REPORT. enhanced 9–1–1 Services. ‘‘(E) include a proposed timetable, an out- ‘‘(13) ALTERNATIVE EMERGENCY COMMUNICA- line of costs and potential savings; (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days TIONS SERVICE PROVIDER.—The term ‘alter- ‘‘(F) provide specific legislative language, after the date of enactment of this Act, the native emergency communications service if necessary, for achieving the plan; Federal Communications Commission shall provider’ means an entity other than a local ‘‘(G) provide recommendations on any leg- remit all amounts promised for the comple- exchange carrier, wireless carrier, or an IP- islative changes, including updating defini- tion of an update to the Report on Technical enabled voice service provider that is re- tions, to facilitate a national IP-enabled and Operational Issues Impacting the Provi- quired by the Commission or, in the absence emergency network; sion of Wireless Enhanced 9–1–1 Services by of any such requirement, is specifically au- ‘‘(H) assess, collect, and analyze the experi- Dale N. Hatfield filed at the Commission on thorized by the appropriate local or State 9– ences of the PSAPs and related public safety October 15, 2002, in WT Docket No. 02–46.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 04:53 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00059 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A26FE6.058 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1208 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 (b) SUBMISSION OF REPORT.—Mr. Hatfield going to be resilient so we will not 107–12, the appointment of the fol- shall submit his written findings as of May 1, have a repeat of people desperately lowing individual to serve as a member 2006, to the Federal Communications Com- down in New Orleans making 911 calls of the Public Safety Officer Medal of mission not later than 60 days after receiv- and not getting a response. Valor Review Board: Trevor Whipple of ing the payment described in subsection (a). This is a chart that pretty well de- Vermont. SEC. 9. 9/11 COMMISSION ACT OF 2007. Section 2301 of the Implementing Rec- picts that every day thousands of f ommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of Americans rely on these call centers so ORDERS FOR WEDNESDAY, 2007 (47 U.S.C. 901 note) is amended by strik- they can reach responders, and every FEBRUARY 27, 2008 ing ‘‘the ‘Improving Emergency Communica- day we have to wait to upgrade the tions Act of 2007’.’’ and inserting ‘‘the ‘911 network and those lives are at risk. Mr. CASEY. Mr. President, I ask Modernization Act’.’’. We have gone all the way from just unanimous consent that when the Sen- Mr. NELSON of Florida. Mr. Presi- the rotary service telephones to the fu- ate completes its business today, it ad- dent, I thank the Senate. This has been ture, where we have something like journ until 9:30 a.m., Wednesday, Feb- 2 years coming because 2 years ago, a these iPhones we have today that have ruary 27; that following the prayer and young mother in Deltona, FL, which is so many different services on them. We the pledge, the morning hour be deemed expired, the Journal of pro- north of Orlando in Volusia County, need a system that can get this emer- ceedings be approved to date, the time watched her baby die as she tried in gency service through these new kinds for the two leaders be reserved for their vain to reach emergency 911. She had a of mechanisms. That is what we are use later in the day, and there then be telephone that she did not realize, be- going to do. cause it was voice over the Internet, a period of morning business for up to Going back to this terrible tragedy 60 minutes with Senators permitted to there was no provision for emergency that happened a couple years ago in my 911 services. speak therein for up to 10 minutes State, this is just one newspaper head- each, and the time be equally divided Following that tragedy of the death line that said trying to get that 911 of that child, where a 911 emergency re- and controlled between the two leaders call, it couldn’t go because there was or their designees, with the Repub- sponse team never arrived because they not a provision in VOIP. did not receive the call, we introduced licans in control of the first half and Lives have been lost. Lives were at the majority in control of the final this bipartisan legislation that re- risk. They are still at risk until we can half; that following morning business, quires all VOIP providers to offer the get this legislation signed into law. I the Senate resume the motion to pro- emergency 911 service, and this legisla- am extremely grateful to the Senate ceed to S. 2633; further, I ask that the tion gives them the tools they need in for having passed this legislation to- Senate stand in recess from 12:30 to 2:15 order to do that. night. p.m. and that all time during any re- We have been working on this legisla- f cess, adjournment, or morning business tion a long time. It passed the Com- count postcloture. merce Committee unanimously in 2005. UNANIMOUS CONSENT REQUEST— The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without It was also added to a Senate port secu- AMENDMENT NO. 3896, AS MODI- objection, it is so ordered. rity bill in 2006, and then the con- FIED f ference committee stripped it out. Mr. CASEY. Mr. President, I ask Since the bill was first introduced, to ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 9:30 A.M. unanimous consent that notwith- the credit of the Federal Communica- TOMORROW standing the passage of S. 1200, the tions Commission, they took some ac- Vitter amendment 3896 be modified Mr. CASEY. Mr. President, if there is tion to require that VOIP customers with the change at the desk. no further business to come before the have full access to the emergency 911. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Senate, I ask unanimous consent that We appreciate that very much. But objection, it is so ordered. it stand adjourned under the previous there are holes in those regulations. order. The amendment, as modified, is as Those holes need to be filled, and this There being no objection, the Senate, follows: legislation we passed tonight—and is at 8:03 p.m., adjourned until Wednes- very similar to a House bill that passed On page 309, strike lines 1–7 and insert the day, February 27, 2008, at 9:30 a.m. following: a couple of months ago—will fill those f legislative holes. ‘‘SEC. 805. LIMITATION RELATING TO ABORTION. ‘‘(a) DEFINITION OF HEALTH BENEFITS COV- NOMINATIONS This legislation will resolve any re- ERAGE.—In this section, the term ‘health maining questions regarding the Fed- Executive nominations received by benefits coverage’ means a health-related the Senate: eral Communications Commission ju- service or group of services provided pursu- risdiction over VOIP services by re- ant to a contract, compact, grant, or other DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN quiring full access to 911 service by the agreement. DEVELOPMENT VOIP customers. ‘‘(b) LIMITATION.— SHEILA MCNAMARA GREENWOOD, OF LOUISIANA, TO BE AN ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF HOUSING AND URBAN This bill also resolves any issues re- ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in DEVELOPMENT, VICE STEVEN B. NESMITH, RESIGNED. paragraph (2), no funds or facilities of the lating to the potential liability of the DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY VOIP providers that offer access to 911 Service may be used— ‘‘(A) to provide any abortion; or EDWIN ECK, OF MONTANA, TO BE A MEMBER OF THE IN- services. The legislation also requires TERNAL REVENUE SERVICE OVERSIGHT BOARD FOR A ‘‘(B) to provide, or pay any administrative TERM EXPIRING SEPTEMBER 14, 2008, VICE KAREN the national E–911 Implementation Co- cost of, any health benefits coverage that in- HASTIE WILLIAMS, TERM EXPIRED. ordination Office to work with indus- cludes coverage of an abortion. KENNETH E. CARFINE, OF MARYLAND, TO BE A MEM- BER OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE OVERSIGHT try to oversee the next generation of ‘‘(2) EXCEPTIONS.—The limitation described BOARD FOR A TERM EXPIRING SEPTEMBER 21, 2010, VICE emergency 911 network. in paragraph (1) shall not apply in any case ROBERT M. TOBIAS, TERM EXPIRED. This network is going to be resilient in which— DEPARTMENT OF STATE and redundant. It is going to allow 911 ‘‘(A) a pregnancy is the result of an act of PETER E. CIANCHETTE, OF MAINE, TO BE AMBASSADOR calls to automatically be routed to a rape, or an act of incest against a minor; or EXTRAORDINARY AND PLENIPOTENTIARY OF THE ‘‘(B) the woman suffers from a physical dis- UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO THE REPUBLIC OF functional 911 call center in the event order, physical injury, or physical illness COSTA RICA. of a disaster. Think about what hap- that, as certified by a physician, would place THE JUDICIARY pened down in New Orleans during the woman in danger of death unless an COLM F. CONNOLLY, OF DELAWARE, TO BE UNITED Katrina. We had a certain way these abortion is performed, including a life-en- STATES DISTRICT JUDGE FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELA- WARE, VICE KENT A. JORDAN, ELEVATED. 911 calls had to go to get to the emer- dangering physical condition caused by or DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY gency call center. Some of those lines arising from the pregnancy itself.’’. PAUL A. SCHNEIDER, OF MARYLAND, TO BE DEPUTY were out of service, and so those calls f SECRETARY OF HOMELAND SECURITY, VICE MICHAEL never got there. JACKSON, RESIGNED. This new system is going to send APPOINTMENT IN THE AIR FORCE these little packets of information in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT any route it can to get to that call cen- Chair announces, on behalf of the ma- IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- CATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE II, SECTION 2, ter. It is going to be redundant, it is jority leader, pursuant to Public Law CLAUSE 2, OF THE CONSTITUTION:

VerDate Aug 31 2005 04:53 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00060 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 9801 E:\CR\FM\A26FE6.058 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE February 26, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1209 To be brigadier general ROBERT A. PETERSEN KEN A. PERMANN GEORGE L. ROBERTS JONATHAN L. PIRKEY COL. MARK W. TILLMAN EDWARD T. SEIFERT ANTHONY W. PRATO THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT THE FOLLOWING NAMED LIMITED DUTY OFFICERS FOR HELEN G. PRATT IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE DAVID J. RILEY CATED WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., PAUL L. ROCHE III AND RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION SECTION 624: STEVEN M. ROEPKE 601: JAMES M. ROSE To be major KEVIN B. RUSH LISA R. SCHADE To be lieutenant general BILLY A. DUBOSE JON D. SCHLEIFER DANA R. FIKE MAJ. GEN. VERN M. FINDLEY II JOHN J. SEGA DANIEL E. GUIMOND ELDON C. SHOMBER IN THE ARMY DIRK D. KUNTZ MARK A. MITCHELL MICHAEL J. SPERRY THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT BRIAN L. SULC IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT STUART M. SWAN WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES MA- TROY D. TAYLOR RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: RINE CORPS RESERVE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION ERICK P. THOMAS 12203: To be lieutenant general CONWARD S. THOMPSON To be colonel TIMOTHY C. TOCWISH LT. GEN. ANN E. DUNWOODY STEPHEN W. WAITE STEPHEN M. BREEN MARIANNE S. WALDROP THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT PAUL D. CONGER MARK A. WHITSON TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY WILLIAM P. DAVIS WENDELL C. WILLIAMS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: IAN FERGUSON JAMES R. WOLD To be major JOSEPH J. GARCIA JOHN G. WORMAN BRIAN K. MORGAN JOHN M. YURCAK, JR. RICHARD E. MICHAEL CHELE S. ROBERTSON PETER A. ZARCONE THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUAL FOR REGULAR TODD W. RYDER JOHN G. ZUPPAN CLYDE WALKER APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE IN THE AIR FORCE UNITED STATES ARMY VETERINARY CORPS UNDER RAYMOND J. WHITE TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES MA- TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR To be major RINE CORPS RESERVE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: MICHAEL E. MCCOWAN 12203: To be major THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUAL FOR REGULAR To be colonel DAVID M. ABEL APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE ROBERT S. ADAMS JASON J. ABEL UNITED STATES ARMY NURSE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, MICHAEL D. ALLEN THOMAS J. ABELL U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: DALE E. ANDERSON IVAN A. ACOSTA To be major JOHN R. ANDREW BERT W. ADAMS BRETT D. BARKEY BRIAN S. ADAMS MICHAEL F. SZYMANIAK FRITZ J. BARTH JUSTINE A. ADAMS THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUAL FOR REGULAR JOHN W. BATEMAN PAUL J. ADAMS APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE JEFFREY A. BAUMERT PAUL E. ADAMSON UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS UNDER MITCHELL F. BECKER NICHOLAS B. ADCOCK TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: WILLIAM J. BECKER RYAN J. ADDAMS JOSEPH S. BELFLOWER JEREMY B. AHLSTROM To be major DAVID G. BELLON MICHAEL S. ALBERT ROBIN K. BENNETT MARC A. ALBRITTON BARBARA T. EMBRY ANNITA M. BEST ARTHUR A. ALCANTARA THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUALS FOR REGULAR AUGUSTIN BOLANIO ROLANDO P. ALEJO APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE JOSEPH B. BRICKLEMYER JAMES G. ALEXANDER UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL SPECIALIST CORPS RICHARD A. BROCK JEREMY B. ALEXANDER UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: TERRY L. BRUNING MICHAEL J. ALEXANDER To be major SHAWN P. BYRNE PAUL J. ALEXANDER ROBERT L. CHAPPELL ALFRED R. ALLEN JOSE A. ACOSTAHERNANDEZ BRENT C. CHERRY BENJAMIN D. ALLEN MARY E. CAPOCCIONI BRIAN A. CHIN ERIC J. ALLEN MICHAEL L. CLANTON JANA R. ALLEN IN THE MARINE CORPS TIMOTHY D. CORLEY JASON D. ALLEN DAVID A. DAWSON MATTHEW D. ALLEN THE FOLLOWING NAMED LIMITED DUTY OFFICER FOR DAVID W. DEIST MATTHEW S. ALLEN APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RALPH A. DENGLER RANDAL T. ALLEN UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., TIMOTHY E. DESALVO THOMAS G. ALLEN SECTION 624: RAYMOND R. DESCHENEAUX ROBERT J. ALTEMUS To be major RICHARD B. DODDS NIEL W. ALTOM THOMAS M. DOMAN ANEEL M. ALVARES PHILLIP J. WOODWARD DOUGLAS T. EDWARDS JENNIFER A. AMATO THE FOLLOWING NAMED LIMITED DUTY OFFICERS FOR BRIAN P. ELSTAD GREGORY A. AMIG APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE TERENCE R. EULING EDWARD T. AMRHEIN UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., MICHAEL F. FAHEY III KEVIN G. AMSDEN SECTION 624: TRACEY A. FARRIS LANNY R. ANAYA KEVIN L. FITZWATER SERGIO E. ANAYA To be major WEYDAN S. FLAX ANGELA M. ANDERSON JEFFREY S. CLEMONS WILLIAM P. FLINTER COURTNEY D. ANDERSON MARC G. GERADS MICHAEL J. FLYNN JAMES C. ANDERSON ANTHONY J. GIOVENCO, JR. MARC J. FRENKEL KEVIN L. ANDERSON DAVID N. GAMBERT MICHAEL J. ANDERSON THE FOLLOWING NAMED LIMITED DUTY OFFICERS FOR RICHARD J. GIUDICE MICHAEL L. ANDERSON APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE JAMES J. HAMM III MICHAEL S. ANDERSON UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., MARK E. HARRIS SHANON E. ANDERSON SECTION 624: MARKUS U. HARTMANN STEVEN J. ANDERSON To be major KELLY C. HEATHERMAN MORGAN C. ANDREWS JOHN C. HEMMERLING JAY F. ANNIS BRIAN J. CORRIS KIMO S. HOLLINGSWORTH CHAD M. ANTHONY CHRISTOPHER K. MILLER THOMAS B. HUETTEMANN TEODORO G. APALISOK LARRY MIYAMOTO DAVID L. INMON RICARDO L. ARAGON THE FOLLOWING NAMED LIMITED DUTY OFFICERS FOR JAMES D. KENKEL SAMUEL A. ARIEFF APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE MICHAEL F. KENNY JASON M. ARMSTRONG UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., LEO A. KILGORE JOHN C. ARMSTRONG SECTION 624: JOHN D. KLINK KYLE D. ARMSTRONG MICHAEL A. KORMAN ERIC T. ARNOLD To be major ROBERT J. LABRIOLA, JR. KIM M. ARNOLD KURTIS E. LANG BEN J. ARONHIME DONALD F. CARTER, JR. RAYMOND J. LIDDY JACK R. ARTHAUD JERRY R. COPLEY JOSEPH P. LISIECKI III ERIC J. ARTZER JOSE L. SADA DAVID P. LUCCI MARK A. ARZATE JAMES R. TOWNEY JAMES A. MACMURTRIE, JR. CHAD C. ASHCRAFT THE FOLLOWING NAMED LIMITED DUTY OFFICERS FOR SEAN M. MAGEE KAREN M. ASHTON APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE HENRY D. MALANOWSKI MIKE D. ATCHLEY UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., BRADLEY G. MCALLISTER RICHARD A. ATWELL, JR. SECTION 624: ARLENE M. MCCUE CHRISTOPHER M. AUGER THOMAS W. MCKNIGHT JOSEPH R. AUGUSTINE To be major MICHAEL P. MCSWEENEY DAVID N. AUMACK CHRISTOPHER J. COX STEVEN T. MELBOURNE BENJAMIN W. AUVILLE DOUGLAS M. TAYLOR CATHERINE J. METZGER SCOTT M. AVENT STEPHEN E. MOTSCO JOHN H. AVERY THE FOLLOWING NAMED LIMITED DUTY OFFICERS FOR KRISTIN L. MOXLEY TODD J. AVRITT APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE ROBERT R. MULLINS, JR. MANUEL J. AYALA UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., DAVID M. MYERS NATHAN P. AYSTA SECTION 624: TIMOTHY F. OKEEFE SCOTT M. BABB To be major DOUGLAS G. OLBRICH WILLIAM J. BABBITT TAZ R. OLSON JOSEPH E. BABBONI ROBERT A. DILL JEFFRY L. PARSHALL SEAN P. BAERMAN BRUCE A. JONES LAWRENCE A. PECCATIELLO BEVERLY A. BAKER

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CHUNICHI R. BAKER ROBIN L. BOWMAN JAMES J. CHAPA DARIAN W. BAKER SHAWNA L. BOWSHOT JESSICA R. CHAPMAN JULIE A. BALDUF CHRISTOPHER J. BRADLEY MILES A. CHAPMAN II JOHN E. BALES DENOAH BRADLEY PAUL J. CHAPPELL TIMOTHY J. BAMFORD RAYMOND BRADLEY III DARRELL R. CHARBENEAU GREGORY E. BARASCH ZACHARY J. BRADY RAJA J. CHARI JOSEPH S. BARBARE CHRISTOPHER M. BRAGDON WILLIAM H. CHARLTON III DONNA L. BARBER MATTHEW G. BRANCATO LANG M. CHARTERS KRIS E. BARCOMB PHILIP W. BRANDT DONALD R. CHATHAM RYAN M. BARE AMY E. BRANTLEY AARON M. CHATRAW MICHAEL B. BARKER ALBERT J. BRASSEUR III WILLIAM S. CHEAL MICHELLE L. BARKER AMY H. BRAUTIGAN STEPHEN A. CHEEK JASON H. BARLOW ALONZO C. BRAY, JR. TED G. CHENEY MARTIN A. BARNARD CARLOS BRAZIEL JOSEPH C. CHENNAULT GREGORY J. BARNHART GEREMIAH J. BREKKE JOSEF P. CHESNEY MERRICK P. BARONI JAMES A. BRENNING ERIC S. CHIN SEAN R. BARR KEVIN J. BREWER ROBERT J. CHINNOCK MICHAEL E. BARRON MICHAEL E. BREWSTER DANIEL R. CHRIST KEVAN A. BARRY PATRICK J. BRIDGES CHAD C. CHRISTENSEN SHAWN J. BARRY MORGENSTARR K. BRIENZA DAVID J. CHRISTENSEN FRANK J. BARTEK JOHN H. BRINER NEIL E. CHRISTENSEN CHRISTOPHER D. BARTH CHARLES P. BRISBOIS III ROGNALD E. CHRISTENSEN PAUL R. BARTHEL LATISHA R. BRISTOW JASON S. CHRZANOWSKI DERRICK R. BARTHOL DANIEL S. BROCK ALEXANDER J. CHUMPITAZ BENJAMIN A. BARTLETT DAVID L. BRODEUR GEOFFREY I. CHURCH KEVIN S. BARTLETT AARON D. BROOKS DENNIS J. CLARK ROBERT L. BARTLOW, JR. LEONCE K. BROOKS SKYLAR R. CLARK PHILIP A. BARTOO MICHAEL A. BROOKS STEPHEN J. CLARK JOHN BASEL III DARRYL P. BROOME STEVEN W. CLARK ALFRED B. BASIOA, JR. ANDRE L. BROWN PAMELA J. CLAUS DARREN E. BATES BRIAN L. BROWN ALLEN R. CLAY AUDRY J. BATISTE CHRISTOPHER E. BROWN ASHLEY B. CLAYBORNE CHRISTOPHER G. BATTERTON CRAIG S. BROWN ERIC C. CLEVELAND JOHN J. BAUM DAVID J. BROWN GREGORY L. CLOER CORETTA BAWN DEMETRIUS O. BROWN THOMAS M. CLOHESSY KEVIN S. BEACH JASON P. BROWN BRIAN L. CLOUGH AARON J. BEAM MATTHEW G. BROWN BUD A. CLOUSE GREGORY S. BEAULIEU PAUL N. BROWN SUMMER A. CLOVIS HERBERT S. BEAUMONT ROBERT L. BROWN BRETT S. CLUTTER COREY A. BEAVERSON WILLIE J. BROWN COLLIN P. COATNEY JOHN L. BEBO BRADLEY J. BRUMBAUGH TAMEESHA P. COATNEY CATHERINE M. BECK DARREN L. BRUMFIELD ADAM S. COFFMAN JEFFERY D. BECKER JAMES E. BRUNNER PATRIC D. COGGIN RICHARD R. BECKMAN DAVID BRUTON MACK R. COKER ROBERT C. BEEBE GABRIELLE J. BRYANTBUTLER JAMES P. COLBERT PHYLLIS M. BEGOSHASHLEY ROBERT M. BRYANT KERRY M. COLBURN GABRIEL M. BEHR STEVEN E. BRYCE BRIAN R. COLBY JONATHAN W. BEICH CHAD T. BUBANAS FREDERICK A. COLEMAN III BRIAN E. BEISHEIM DAVID A. BUCHANAN EDWARD P. COLFER ANDREW P. BEITZ MICHELLE C. BUCHANAN GLEN D. COLLINS LEONARD E. BELARMINO, JR. ROBERT E. BUCHANAN LEWIS B. COLLINS MICAH K. BELL ERIC W. BUCHEIT THOMAS E. COLLINS PAUL M. BELL HEIDI A. BUCHEIT FERNANDO COLON, JR. TRACY L. BELL MARK W. BUCHHOLZ ROBERT M. COLPITTS DAVID G. BELLAS SCOTT A. BUCHTEL JESSE P. COLWELL MARK M. BELLOTT CORBETT H. BUFTON MICHAEL J. CONTE ANDREW J. BEMIS MICHAEL E. BULLARD PAUL W. CONTOVEROS ELIZABETH T. BENEDICT BENJAMIN J. BULLER CORY A. COOK NATHAN T. BENN JARED R. BURDIN JOSEPH T. COOK LANCE R. BENSON JONATHAN B. BURKE MICHAEL T. COOK TODD J. BENSON THOMAS E. BURKE SHAWNDA P. COOKE RICHARD S. BENTLEY SPENCER A. BURKHALTER CHARLES D. COOLEY BROCK C. BENTZ RUSSELL C. BURKS BRADFORD B. COOLIDGE DAVID M. BERGIN RAYBURN S. BURNS AARON J. COOPER CLAUDIA E. BERMUDEZ AUSTIN F. BURRILL KATHLEEN A. COOPER DEAN P. BERRY KIMBERLY M. BURT SARA F. COOPER MATTHEW O. BERRY STEVEN E. BURY WILLIE L. COOPER III BRYAN L. BEST JAMES W. BUSCH MICHAEL C. COPPOLA RONALD L. BETTS JONATHAN D. BUSCH JASON M. CORBETT TODD G. BETZ KEITH J. BUTLER DANIEL L. CORNELIUS MATTHEW H. BEVERLY SEAN C. BUTLER JAMES W. CORNELIUS JOHNNY D. BEVERS MARCINDA L. BUTTIE STEVEN W. CORNELSON GREGORY L. BEYER JASON D. BYAL CHRISTOPHER L. CORREY JASON D. BIALON JUSTIN L. BYBEE BARBARA A. COSTA DANIEL V. BIEHL WILLIAM L. BYERS THOMAS L. COTHRON ROBERT M. BIGGERS JONATHON E. BYRNES JONATHAN S. COTTON KEVIN M. BIGGS DONA L. BYRON MARK A. COTTON ERIC R. BIPPERT CHARLES B. CAIN MATTHEW I. COTTRILL KRISTOPHER T. BIRD JONMICHAEL V. CALHOUN DANIEL W. COUNTS MICHAEL P. BITTENBENDER NICK D. CALLAWAY BRIAN E. COVEY KEITH W. BITTLE THOMAS R. CALLEN MARK A. COWDEN ERIC S. BIXEL JASON A. CAMILLETTI KEITH E. COWELL SCOTT T. BJORGE LANCE G. CAMPBELL CRAIG COWLEY JASON S. BLACKERBY NATHAN E. CAMPBELL BENJAMIN G. COX CAROL A. BLACKINGTON SCOTT A. CAMPBELL STEVEN E. COX CHRISTOPHER M. BLACKWELL MICHAEL P. CAMPOS BRIAN V. CRAWFORD CODY L. BLAKE DAVID M. CANADY, JR. CHRISTOPHER M. CREDNO TERRY J. BLAKEMORE ASHLEY E. CANNON JOHN E. CREIGHTON ADAM L. BLANCHARD KEVIN A. CANTERA KENDRA L. CRIDER JAMES M. BLANTON GABRIEL A. CANTU NIGEL H. CRISP THOMAS S. BLAZNEK, JR. STEVEN T. CAPPELLI JEFFREY C. CRIVELLARO JAROD P. BLECHER ROBERT N. CARDEN DIXON D. CROFT KARL J. BLINKINSOP MICHAEL L. CARDONA MICHAEL P. CRONIN JOHN W. BLOCHER EHREN W. CARL MICHAEL D. CROOKS MICHAEL T. BLUNT ANGELA V. CARLINGTON TODD R. CROOKS BRANDON D. BLY CHRISTOPHER L. CARMICHAEL BENJAMIN L. CROSSLEY RICHARD D. BOATMAN JENNIFER S. CARNEGIE SHIRLEY D. CROW RICKARDO B. BODDEN CLINTON G. CARR III KELLYE A. CROWDER LEE M. BOEDEKER ALICIA A. CARROLL MATTHEW C. CROWELL BENJAMIN D. BOEHM KEITH CARSON GEORGE M. CROWLEY JOHN A. BOEN JAMES M. CARSTEN BRIAN A. CROZIER JILL M. BOESE JAYME S. CARTER CHARLES E. CSOBOTH JESSE B. BOGART CHAD M. CARTIER ERIC I. CUEBAS KELLY W. BOLEN TONY D. CARTWRIGHT CHRISTOPHER P. CULLEN JONATHAN M. BOLING VALERIE L. CARUSO KEVIN D. CUMMINGS ANNETTE D. BONARO DAVID A. CASE DAVID L. CUNNINGHAM BYRON R. BONE DAVID G. CASH DARLA L. CURNUTTE JAMES M. BONO MATTHEW J. CASTILLO TIMOTHY J. CURRY TIMOTHY B. BOOHER KENNETH P. CATES JEFF D. CURTIS MELISSA F. BOOKMAN LUCIUS A. CATTLES, JR. RICHARD A. CURTIS MICHAEL J. BOOMSMA MATTHEW W. CAUDELL PHILIP A. CURWEN WYATT D. BORA MARK L. CAUDILL MARIE N. CZERNIAK SEAN M. BORLAND MICHAEL R. CAVANAUGH RYAN J. DAHLIN AARON M. BOSTON JUSTIN T. CENZANO BENJAMIN A. DAHLKE ANDREW G. BOSTON TROY A. CERNY JASON R. DALESSIO JENNIFER U. BOUDREAU CHARLES L. CHANDLER LORNA C. DALLY KENNETH N. BOURQUE CHRISTOPHER L. CHANDLER CHRISTOPHER J. DAMICO

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JEFFREY T. DANIELSON MARY R. ELLINGTON CHRISTINE M. GANGAWARE DEBORAH J. DANYLUK BUDDY R. ELLIOTT, JR. DONALD L. GARBADE JEFFREY B. DARDEN ANDREW J. EMERY CHRISTIAN D. GARBER SEAN D. DARRAGH STEVEN M. EMPEY ANDRE C. GARCEAU CHRISTOPHER B. DAVIDSON STEVEN V. ENGBERG ABRAHAM GARCIA KEVIN A. DAVIDSON RICHARD D. ENGELMAN CAESAR I. GARCIA NATHAN L. DAVIDSON TRAVIS R. ENGLER CHRISTOPHER N. GARCIA EARL W. DAVIS KENNETH N. ENGLESON III JOE F. GARCIA, JR. GARETT D. DAVIS TOBIAS J. ENSELE JAMES R. GARDNER JASON A. DAVIS GLORIA N. ENSSER SHELDON M. GARDNER JASON M. DAVIS STEPHEN J. ERICKSON CHRISTOPHER J. GARNETT MATTHEW S. DAVIS JOSEPH A. ERICSON, JR. MATTHEW R. GARRISON STEPHEN C. DAVIS JEFFREY G. ERNEST MATTHEW T. GARRISON STEPHEN C. DAVIS PATRIC J. ERNSBERGER DAVID C. GARVIN TODD A. DAVIS JAMES A. ESENWEIN RAFAEL H. GARZA, JR. OLUF P. DAY STEPHEN J. ESPOSITO JAMES P. GATES SETH R. DEAM STEFAN D. ESSIG KATHERINE M. GAULKE BENJAMIN T. DEAN RAYMOND G. ESTELLE II KRISTOPHER M. GEELAN JAMES C. DEARMOND MICHAEL I. ETAN DIANNA S. GEHRICH BRIAN T. DEAS BRYCE M. EVANS JEREMY S. GEIB JASON M. DEATON DAVID E. EVANS MICHAEL H. GENEWICK JEFFERSON R. DEBERRY MICHAEL J. EVANS RICHARD D. GERHARDT JENNIFER S. DECATUR NICHOLAS B. EVANS DENNIS M. GERMANN KENNETH R. DECEDUE, JR. LAWRENCE G. EVERT JOHN D. GERRIE MALCOLM S. DECKER TIMOTHY E. EWING MICHAEL L. GETTE DAVID DECOURSEY MATTHEW L. EWOLDT CLINT B. GHARIS CHANDRIA Y. DEDRICK JASON C. EXUM MATTHEW J. GHORMLEY KARRINA M. DEGARMO MATTHEW D. EYSTER AARON M. GIBNEY ANTHONY R. DEGUCHI KEELY M. FAHOUM AARON D. GIBSON JENNIFER DEHART MICHAEL J. FAILLA GLEN R. GIBSON JOSHUA M. DEIM BRIAN D. FALLIS GREGORY R. GIBSON LAURA S. DEJONG JOHN B. FANN WILLIAM T. GIBSON RYAN M. DEKOK COURTNEY A. FARLEY PHILLIP C. GILCREAST DIVISAT B. DELORBE MONIQUE L. FARNESS CHARLES E. GILLIAM MARIA Z. DELACRUZ PATRICK F. FARRELL DAVID B. GILLIS ALEJANDRO DELAMATA DANIEL A. FARRICKER, JR. MARCUS D. GIPSON JOSE DELGADO, JR. DAVID A. FAZENBAKER JOHN L. GLASS MICHAEL P. DENISON TIMOTHY A. FEELY JOAQUIN D. GLOMSKI GREGG A. DENNIS KATRINA L. FELDER APRIL L. GLOVER JOSEPH D. DEPORTER ERIC A. FELLHAUER JASON J. GLYNN CHRISTOPHER E. DEPPE TIMOTHY A. FELTIS RICHARD A. GOCKLEY TROY J. DESCHENEAU MANUEL R. FERDINANDUS JASON M. GOLABOSKI FERDINAND K. DESIR JACK W. FERGUSON KEVIN P. GOLART KURT D. DEZEEUW LEANN J. FERGUSON GARY M. GOLDSMITH RICARDO A. DIAZ PAUL J. FERGUSON GLENN M. GONZALES DANIEL C. DIEHL KENNETH A. FERLAND JONAS R. GONZALES JOSEPH M. DIETZ STEPHEN R. FERNANDEZ ALONZO GONZALEZ ADAM R. DIGEROLAMO BRYAN A. FERRARI JASON S. GOODALE SCOTT M. DIGIOIA JAMES E. FERRELL JEREMY S. GOODWIN JOSEPH P. DILIBERTO IV AARON R. FFRENCH ANTHONY C. GRAHAM JASON L. DILLON JAMES D. FIELDER JARED B. GRAHAM TRAVIS T. DILTZ CHRISTOPHER A. FIELDS JONATHAN W. GRAHAM JOHN E. DINES WILLIAM E. FIELDS JULIE A. GRAHAM JOHN F. DINGEMAN KURT D. FIFE ALLAN M. GRANDGENETT SAMUEL L. DIXON LOREE J. FILIZER JASON M. GRANDY MARK C. DMYTRYSZYN BRIAN A. FILLER JOSEPH J. GRANISTOSKY, JR. TIMOTHY J. DODD DARIN D. FINDLING ERIK C. GRANT THOMAS J. DOHERTY ROBERT A. FIRMAN RYAN M. GRANT RICHARD V. DOMINGO RYAN M. FISH TOMMASINA GRANT DALE J. DONCKELS MATTHEW A. FISHEL CARLIN S. GRAY MARK E. DONOHUE BRIAN J. FISHER JUSTIN M. GRAY GARY L. DONOVAN JAMES M. FISHER JOSEPH F. GREENE MATTHEW J. DOOLEY JESSE FLANIGAN IV ROBERT T. GREENE SEAN P. DOREY HEATHER FLEISHAUER JAMES A. GREENFIELD JAMES J. DORN ALAN J. FLESCH JASON R. GREENLEAF WILLIAM H. DORSEY IDA FLORES DARIN M. GREGG DANIEL J. DORSON CHRISTOPHER M. FLOYD GARY R. GREICAR KEVIN G. DOUCET JOHN S. FLYNN BENJAMIN F. GRIFFITH KEVIN G. DOUGLAS MANUEL I. FOLSOM, JR. JAMES A. GRIGSON STEFANOS DOUMTSIS ERICK G. FONSECA GREGORY A. GRIMES GEORGE H. DOWNS PAUL A. FONTAINE PATRICK E. GROLEMUND JONATHAN C. DOWTY JACQUELINE R. FONTENOT GREG G. GROZDITS DENNIS L. DRAKE KRISTIN M. FORD JASON W. GRUBAUGH BRADLEY A. DRAPEAUX ROBERT M. FORD, JR. CLINTON L. GUENTHER RUSSELL T. DREESMAN JOHN D. FORTENBERY VERNON GUENTHER JOHN E. DRESS MICHAEL S. FOSTER ALMA E. GUERRERO BRYAN G. DRESSER TIMOTHY J. FOSTER CASEY E. GUERRERO MICHAEL P. DRISCOLL RICHARD M. FOURNIER LOUIS E. GUERRINI ALAN R. DRIVER STANLEY S. FOWLER EDUARDO N. GUEVARA, JR. ROSALIE A. DUARTE JAMES C. FOX MICHAEL D. GUNN DAVID A. DUBOIS BRYAN T. FRANCE RICHARD L. GUNN KRISTINE J. DUBOIS BENJAMIN A. FRANKENFIELD DEIRDRE M. GURRY ERIC R. DUDAK ANTHONY J. FRANKS DARCY D. GUSTAFSON DENNIS J. DUFFY ROSS P. FRANQUEMONT THOMAS L. GUSTIN ALTON J. DUGAS, JR. THERESA C. FRANZ JOSE R. GUTIERREZ ANTHONY C. DUGGAN EDWIN B. FRAZIER III STEPHEN R. GWINN TAMARA S. DUKEPATRICK STACEY L. FRECHETTE MICHAEL A. HAACK BRYAN D. DUKE WILLIAM J. FREE ERIC T. HAAS MICHAEL R. DULSKI ANGELA M. FREEMAN CHRIS E. HABERSTROH KELVIN D. DUMAS DOUGLAS FREEMAN CAROLYN M. HACKWORTH LOUIS D. DUNCAN RYAN M. FREEMAN MICHAEL C. HAGEE MICHAEL A. DUNLAVY MATTHEW J. FRENCH DAVID A. HAIGH SCOTT M. DUNNING ROBERT A. FRENCH CHRISTOPHER B. HAINES NOEL J. DUPONT JOSHUA E. FREY DAVID J. HALE JUSTIN M. DUPUIS TIMOTHY A. FREY TODD W. HALE GARY A. DURST WILLIAM T. FRIAR WESLEY R. HALES JAMES E. DYKAS DAVID A. FRIEDMAN FREDERICK M. HALEY III NICK J. DYSON CHRISTOPHER L. FRIZZELL CHRISTOPHER E. HALL JASON W. EARLEY STEVEN A. FRODSHAM DOUGLAS W. HALL DARIN S. EARNEST PATRICK D. FRONK GREGORY S. HALL BRIAN E. EARP BRUCE A. FROST HARRIS J. HALL KEVIN S. EASTLER WAYNE M. FROST JAMES A. HALL RYAN P. EASTWOOD ERIC L. FRYAR KEVIN M. HALL GEORGE E. EAVENSON II GEOFFREY S. FUKUMOTO LESLIE C. HALL III JOHN R. ECHOLS JAMES S. FULLER RYAN E. HALL MATTHEW G. ECKLES JENNIFER J. FULLER PETER S. HALSEY MICHAEL A. EDMONDSON JOHN D. FURR CARMEL B. HALSTEAD MATTHEW S. EDMONSON SAMUEL G. GAGLIO MICHAEL D. HAMER BENJAMIN R. EDWARDS MATT J. GAINES SETH N. HAMILTON JEFFREY L. EFRON ADRIAN H. GALANG JABUS M. HAMM CHRISTIAN J. EGAN BENJAMIN S. GALLAGHER MICHAEL A. HAMMACK KRISTOFER D. EGELAND EVAN J. GALLEGOS KIMBERLEY D. HAMMOND LISA K. EGGLESTON JOHN B. GALLEMORE AARON Y. HAN CALLISTUS R. ELBOURNE JOHN D. GALLOWAY, JR. CHRISTOPHER V. HAND MITCHELL J. ELDER CATHERINE A. GAMBOLD JOSEPH M. HANK PATRICK R. ELDRIDGE LISA Y. GAMBREL SEAN P. HANLEN THOMAS J. ELLER LAUREL V. GAMMON ERIC J. HANLEY

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PATRICK J. HANLEY JAMES M. HOWARD SANG W. KIM KELLY M. HANNUM JEREMY J. HOWARD MICHAEL E. KIMBLE CHRISTOPHER V. HANSEN RICHARD C. HOWARD MATTHEW B. KIMSAL MICHAEL A. HANSEN JASON B. HOWELL WILLIAM R. KINCAID JAY M. HANSON MICHAEL S. HRECZKOSIJ CHRISTOPHER N. KING JENNY M. HANSON JULIUS P. HUBBARD IVEN L. KING, JR. BENJAMIN T. HARDER ROBERT A. HUBBS RICHARD R. KING CHARLES B. HARDING RUDOLPH V. HUBEK WAYNE T. KING DANIEL S. HARDING SCOTT E. HUDSON OFAYO V. KINGSBERRY DORY M. HARDY DANIEL P. HUFFMAN KEVIN P. KIPPIE DENNIS R. HARGIS ALEXIS S. HUGHES JASON A. KIRK MICHAEL A. HARMON MICHAEL L. HULIN JASON R. KIRKLAND MICHAEL M. HARMON MATTHEW J. HUND KEVIN J. KIRSCH, JR. BRENT N. HARMS JOHN F. HUNDLEY DOUGLAS K. KISALA BRIAN D. HARPER WILLIAM L. HUNT CHRISTOPHER J. KISER DANIEL W. HARRIS BARRY J. HUNTE ERIK V. KISKER VERONICA M. HARRIS DANIEL R. HUNTER SHAWN M. KITCHIN TANYA R. HARRISONRIVERA MICHAEL S. HURT LAWRENCE C. KLEIN AMY S. HARSHNER MORGAN P. HURT RANDALL W. KLEIN MONTY L. HARSHNER NATHANIEL R. HUSTON NEAL B. KLEINSCHMIDT ELIZABETH J. HARTZ ROBERT J. HUTT CLINTON J. KLIETHERMES ELIZABETH M. HARWOOD HUY H. HUYNH FRANK J. KLIMAS MARC A. HASBERGER THOMAS K. IKEHARA SEAN P. KLIMEK JASON M. HASKER MICHAEL J. INGISON DAVID A. KLINE DANIEL M. HASLEY TODD T. INOUYE COREY J. KLOPSTEIN AARON M. HATCH EDWARD J. IRICK KEVIN M. KLUMPP DANIEL L. HATCHEL JOSEPH C. IUNGERMAN THOMAS M. KNAUST MARIA N. HATCHELL JOHN R. IVES TIMOTHY F. KNEELAND MATTHEW D. HAUKE CLINOS M. JACKSON WESLEY R. KNICK MARK A. HAUSER MATTHEW B. JACKSON JEFFREY P. KNOWLES CHRIS M. HAUVER BENJAMIN R. JACOBSON JUSTIN R. KNUTZEN MICHAEL D. HAWKINS ERIK J. JACOBSON MIKE H. KOBAYAKAWA RONNIE D. HAWKINS JASON S. JAEGER JOHN M. KOEHLER II JAMES E. HAYES TOMAS JAIME ANDREW C. KOHN ERIK K. HAYNES CHAD R. JAMES CHRISTOPHER J. KOLOSKY DANIEL J. HAYS JOSHUA C. JAMES MATTHEW S. KOMATSU BRIAN D. HAYSLEY NATHAN L. JAMES RICHARD D. KOMUREK BRIAN C. HEALY NICOLE E. JAMISON DEANE R. KONOWICZ DANIEL R. HEANEY KEVIN F. JANASIEWICZ ROBERT A. KOON JASON A. HEARD ANDREW S. JANSSEN CHRISTOPHER R. KOPACEK MARK L. HECKER MICHAEL L. JANSSEN JENNIFER B. KORBY JOHN P. HEIDENREICH JEREMY M. JARVIS MICHAEL S. KORBY ROBERT J. HEIM DANIEL JAVORSEK JOSHUA KOSLOV KARL B. HEINRICH PAUL C. JEFFORDS DEVLIN A. KOSTAL JAMES F. HELLE JAKE R. JELINEO STEVEN E. KOZIELECKI KURT C. HELPHINSTINE JOSEPH C. JENKINS JOYCE A. KOZTECKI BRIAN R. HELTON JOSHUA S. JENKINS SAMUEL J. KRAEMER JUSTIN P. HENDRICKS JASON D. JENSEN JOSEPH K. KRAMER RYAN H. HENDRICKSON JOSHUA J. JENSEN TERRY R. KREBS DANIEL G. HENDRIX ROBERT T. JERTBERG JOHN S. KRELLNER ZACHARY B. HENSHAW AMY D. JEWELL JACOB A. KREMMEL COREY A. HERMESCH JOHN R. JOCHUM CHRISTOPHER A. KRESKE JASON R. HERRING JEFFREY D. JOHNS CRISPIN D. KRETZMANN ANGELA K. HERRON LARS C. JOHNSEN TODD J. KREUTZER JENNIFER F. HERRON ALIDA M. JOHNSON JEFFREY N. KRULICK STEVEN M. HERTENSTEIN BLAKE P. JOHNSON DENNIS R. KRUSE BENJAMIN W. HESLIN CHRISTOPHER A. JOHNSON JOSEPH S. KUBINSKY HARRIS O. HESLIP DANIEL H. JOHNSON RUDOLF W. KUEHNE, JR. DAVID F. HETZLER DEMETRIA F. JOHNSON MATTHEW J. KUHN CHARLES E. HEWINS JAY A. JOHNSON DAVID D. KUNICK JUERGEN A. HEYMANN KASEY K. JOHNSON PAULA F. KURTZ DAVID A. HICKERTY MARC E. JOHNSON BRIAN K. KUSIAK CHRISTOPHER A. HICKOK MATTHEW M. JOHNSON MICHAEL S. KUSIK BRIAN D. HIDY ROBERT K. JOHNSON JONATHAN A. KUSY DUSTIN R. HIERS THOMAS J. JOHNSON II JENNIFER M. KYSETH TRAVIS V. HIGBEE WILLIAM B. JOHNSON, JR. TODD J. KYSETH JEREMY J. HIGGINS ELIZABETH E. JOHNSTON JONATHAN F. LAATSCH SEAN M. HIGGINS JUSTIN L. JOINES ALFREDO LABOY II THOMAS V. HIGGINS II DAVID A. JOKINEN JAMES R. LACEY ALI J. HIGHSMITH NATALIE K. JOLLY DANA M. LACLAIR SONNY J. HIGNITE BETH A. JONES RANDOLPH L. LAKE JASON C. HILBURN DAVID A. JONES CHRISTOPHER M. LAMB GABRIEL S. HILEY DONALD W. JONES DAVID E. LAMIQUIZ JEFFREY K. HILFIKER EUGENE P. JONES SCOTT W. LAMONT CHRISTENSEN T. HILL JIMMY A. JONES JEFFREY A. LAMPORT PERRY G. HILL LEE V. JONES ROBERT C. LANCE RYAN L. HILL MARK H. JONES CLINTON J. LAND CHAD J. HILLBERG MATTHEW E. JONES DONALD L. LANDGREBE HANS J. HILTERMAN NATHANIEL P. JONES ALAN C. LANDIS ROBERT T. HINES, JR. RONNIE A. JONES MONICA D. LANDRUM GILBERT HINOJOSA III BENJAMIN R. JONSSON JAMES H. LANDSBERGER BENJAMIN G. HINSPERGER SAMUEL K. JOPLIN CORY T. LANE CHINTAPORN HIRANSOMBOON KENDALL D. JORDAN DAVID E. LANE CODY M. HOAGLAND ADAM J. JUNG JEREMY D. LANE BRIAN T. HOBBINS DANIEL D. JURGENSEN CHRISTOPHER D. LANG DIANNE W. HODGE INGRID C. KAAT DANIEL T. LANG CHARLES A. HODGES JENNIFER J. KABAT NICHOLE M. LANG DONNIE L. HODGES JOY M. KACZOR ROGER A. LANG CHRIS E. HODGIN DANIEL J. KAERCHER ANTHONY G. LANGFORD SHAWN V. HODGIN ANDREW J. KAMATARIS KIMBERLY R. LANGLEY SHENENDOAH HOEFFERLE RYAN D. KAPPEDAL THEODORE A. LANGSTROTH LANCE R. HOFER SCOTT F. KARL MARK M. LANKOWSKI ANDREW L. HOFFMAN WADE S. KARREN LAURIE AN LANPHER TIMOTHY J. HOFMAN CHRISTINA D. KARVWNARIS GEORGE P. LANSBERRY EDWARD T. HOGAN MARK A. KASAYKA ERWIN A. LARIOS ELLIOTT B. HOGANS KRISTOPHER R. KASPEREK HANS J. LARSEN JASON M. HOLCOMB DAVID W. KATWYK TODD M. LARSEN JENNIFER E. HOLCOMBE WILFORD L. KAUFFMAN ROSE K. LATHROP TRENTON HOLDEN TRAVIS D. KEENAN VINCENT W. LAU CHAD E. HOLESKO DAVID A. KEGERREIS MATTHEW T. LAURENTZ BENJAMIN C. HOLLAND DARRELL L. KEITH II ADAM J. LAURIDSEN CHARLES M. HOLLAND HEATHER J. KEKIC CHARLES M. LAW PATRICK S. HOLLAND COREY D. KELLETT JEREMY P. LAWRENCE THOMAS M. HOLLENDER SHAWN E. KELLETT JOSEPH S. LAWRENCE B.J. HOLMAN BRANDON M. KELLY KIMBERLY K. LAYNE JEREMY M. HOLMES KRISTOFOR D. KELLY NATHAN J. LEAP LISA L. HOLMES DAVID M. KENDALL MATTHEW A. LEARD SHAWN D. HOLSINGER PATRICK J. KENDALL JEREMY E. LEARNED RAYMOND G. HOLSTEIN III MICHAEL S. KENNEBRAE BERTON R. LEE MATTHEW E. HOLSTON BRIDGETTE KENNEDY CHRISTOPHER B. LEE EDWARD G. HOLZLEIN RYAN S. KENNEDY GARY J. LEE PETER J. HORINE DAVID J. KERN DOUGLAS E. LEEDY RONALD L. HORN JOHN J. KEYS STEPHEN D. LEGGIERO ANNEMARIA H. HORNBY DAVID L. KIEREIN STEVEN R. LEHN NATHAN M. HORNER RYAN M. KIERNAN DANNY LEIMBERGER SAUL J. HORNER JOHN T. KIEWEG HAROLD A. LEMAIRE JEREMY F. HOUGH PETER K. KIM VALERY A. LEMAIRE

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DAVID A. LEMERY TIMOTHY J. MCCANN JUSTIN W. MORRISON ROBERT B. LEO COLIN E. MCCLASKEY DARRICK MOSLEY DOUGLAS W. LEONARD MARK C. MCCLAY BRAD A. MOSS WALTER J. LESINSKI WILLIAM A. MCCLELLAND DAVID M. MOSS KATHLEEN B. LESSNER MICHAEL L. MCCLELLEN GABRIEL D. MOUNCE CHARLES M. LEVER CHRISTOPHER K. MCCLERNON GEORGE D. MOUNCE RENARDO L. LEVINE RICHARD E. MCCLINTIC WILLIAM MOYER GARY N. LEWIS JAMES J. MCCLOUD JEFF J. MRAZIK JOHN J. LEWIS NATHAN A. MCCLURE JEFFREY A. MROZINSKI MICHELLE LEWIS JOHN M. MCCRACKEN JAMES W. MULLINAX, JR. ARNEL C. LIBARIOS RODNEY E. MCCRAINE MICHAEL D. MULLINS JEFFREY W. LIEGL SHANE M. MCDERMOTT JONATHAN D. MUMME HANS M. LIENKE BRANDON K. MCDONALD JAMES J. MUNIZ DENNIS S. LINCOLN KENNETH A. MCDONALD TONY MURO CRAIG D. LINDSTROM TRAVIS W. MCDONNOLD TAMARA A. MURPHEY KEITH A. LINENBERGER MATTHEW R. MCDONOUGH DAVID J. MURPHY JOSEPH N. LIPPE JOSEPH C. MCELROY LIANE MURPHY MARK A. LITTLEJOHN JAMES C. MCFARLAND RHETT B. MURPHY MICHAEL B. LITZ CHARLES L. MCGEE MARK J. MURRAY FRANKLIN M. LIVINGSTON CALLUM D. MCGOUGH NICHOLAS A. MUSGROVE SCOTT A. LOFTON DAVID A. MCGOURIN DARYL V. MYERS CATHERINE M. LOGAN SCOTT A. MCGOVERN JONATHON J. MYERS MEGAN E. LOGES LAURENCE R. MCGRAW MICHAEL J. MYERS ANTHONY G. LOICANO CARRIE I. MCGREW SUZANNE M. MYERS KRISTOPHER R. LONG JASON D. MCGROGAN PAULA A. MYNES KYLE A. LONG JOHN R. MCINTYRE ALAN W. MYRICK MOLLY A. LONG TYESHIA MCINTYREBRAY CORY J. NADDY HOLLIE B. LOSEE TOBIN K. MCKEARIN SHANE H. NAGATANI JAMES T. LOTSPEICH ANTHONY W. MCKEE NATHAN S. NAIDAS CHRISTOPHER J. LOVEGREN JOSEPH W. MCKENNA JASON T. NALEPA ROOSEVELT LOVELESS, JR. GREG A. MCKENZIE MICHAEL E. NAVICKY MICHAEL S. LOWE ANGELA L. MCLANE BRIAN S. NAZARIAN PATRICK M. LOWE JASON R. MCMAHON LOUIS A. NEARING, JR. MATHEW C. LOWREY DAVID A. MCMILLAN MICHAEL D. NEDROW RYAN T. LUBINSKI MICHAEL F. MCPHERSON JOEL M. NEEB DAVID M. LUCAS RAY D. MCPHERSON BRIAN J. NEFF RANDALL F. LUCAS KIMBERLY L. MCQUEEN TERRY M. NEIDECKER PAUL W. LUCYK TRACEY A. MCQUISTON SEAN B. NEITZKE WILLIAM T. LULAY DANIEL D. MEEKS MATTHEW E. NELMS PATRICK T. LUNA JOHN M. MEHRMAN DEXTER G. NELSON FREDERIC W. LUNAS STEVEN E. MEISSNER RODGER M. NELSON JEREMY R. LUSHNAT KEITH A. MELANCON AMY M. NESBITT BRIAN J. LUTZ FLOYD MELCHOR SHANE W. NEUBAUER ARTHUR J. LYNCH AMILCAR MELENDEZCRUZ MATTHEW C. NEUMAN SARAH R. LYNCH CHAD W. MELONE JON C. NEW JENS D. LYNDRUP STEVEN P. MELVIN MARK D. NEWELL ROBERT M. LYON SHLOMO D. MENASHI CHAD A. NEWKIRK GEORGE T. LYONS III SHELLY L. MENDIETA DEBORAH H. NEWMAN JOHN E. MACASEK FEDERICO R. MENDOZA DYLAN K. NEWMAN CHRISTINA L. MACGREGOR SCOTT L. MENG FARRAH R. NEWMAN TIMOTHY A. MACH PATRICK M. MERRIMAN JASON B. NEWMAN ANITA T. MACK DANA G. METZGER CHRISTOPHER H. NEWNAN BRIAN C. MACK ANDREW J. MEYER ROBIN NEWTON DION E. MACK ERICA J. MEYER MINH C. NGUYEN ALEXANDER S. MACLEAN MATAN T. MEYER SCOTT T. NICHOLS THOMAS J. MADELINE, JR. KEVIN D. MICHAEL ERIC A. NIMKE THOMAS S. MAFFEI SCOTT C. MICHALOWSKI CALEB M. NIMMO ROBERT C. MAGNUSON MILES T. MIDDLETON MICHAELE L. NOEL ANGELINA M. MAGUINNESS MATTHEW D. MIEREK JAMES R. NOLAN MICHAEL P. MAHAN TRAVIS T. MIKEAL SAMUEL J. NOLAND KEVIN L. MAHAR CHRISTINE A. MILLARD JASON C. NORGAARD ISOBELLE L. MAHONEY RICHARD L. MILLARD VIDET NORNG GARY W. MAKI ANDREW J. MILLER JARROD M. NORRIS NICOLE R. MAKINDE BEAU D. MILLER CHRIS Y. NORTHAM JESSEN A. MALATHU BRIAN A. MILLER MICHAEL R. NOSS JAMES R. MALCOM BRIAN R. MILLER WILLIAM E. NOTBOHM EDWARD J. MALDONADO HEATH R. MILLER BRIAN J. NUTT SANJOY C. MALHOTRA JEREMY L. MILLER DARYL L. NUUTINEN MICHAEL I. MALLORY KARA L. MILLER RYAN S. NYE MARCAS E. MALTBY LAUREN M. MILLER NATHAN E. NYSETHER JOHN L. MALTON PAUL J. MILLER JASON C. OATLEY BRENT J. MANBECK SAMUEL N. MILLER FREDRIC M. OBERSON MALCOLM MANGELS TRENT S. MILLER RICHARD L. OBERT GERARD C. MANGENOT WILLIAM T. MILLER STEPHEN P. OBRIAN DAVID B. MANHIRE GINA A. MILLS JASON E. OBRIEN SALVATORE MANISCALCO JEFFREY E. MILLS MARTIN J. OBRIEN SAMUEL V. MANTRAVADI SCOTT C. MILLS TIMOTHY K. OBRYAN DINA J. MARION RAWLEY M. MIMS KENNETH L. OCKER, JR. JOSEPH MARK FRANCIS M. MINDRUP JOHN P. ODELL III CHRISTOPHER D. MARKLE AARON R. MINER TAMARA L. ODONNELL ERIC D. MARSH JEFFREY S. MISER KEVIN M. OGLE HEATHER C. MARSHALL CAROL J. MITCHELL PATRICK C. OHALLORAN MILES D. MARSHALL GRANT A. MIZELL JASON S. OHRENBERGER RICHARD K. MARSHBURN JONATHAN L. MIZELL MONIQUE C. OKORIE MICHAEL A. MARSICEK NATALIE M. MOCK JAMES T. OLDEN ANDREW C. MARSIGLIA II TODD A. MOENSTER JUSTIN E. OLDT DAVID H. MARTEN JEFFRY D. MOFFITT MARK M. OLGUIN CHAD T. MARTIN JUSTIN P. MOKROVICH GARY M. OLSEN CRAIG T. MARTIN DANIEL J. MOLLIS MELANIE L. OLSON MATTHEW C. MARTIN MATTHEW J. MONEYMAKER MAISHA J. ONEAL SHAWNN L. MARTIN ERIN J. MONTAGUE RYAN L. ONEAL DAVID M. MARTINEZ BENJAMIN B. MONTGOMERY BRADLEY R. OPP STEVEN L. MARTINEZ JEFFREY M. MONTGOMERY AUDREY J. OREK RICHARD A. MARTINO RYAN T. MOON RYAN J. ORFE JONATHAN D. MASON THOMAS D. MOON BRAD E. ORGERON JOSEPH A. MASON, JR. LEA C. MOORE JOE K. ORLANDI DANIEL E. MASSEY MARIA A. MOORE JOSEPH J. OROURKE JOSHUA J. MASSIE MAURICE H. MOORE PATRICK R. OROURKE MICHAEL MASTERS RICHARD M. MOORE JOSEPH F. OSBORNE EDWARD R. MATHIAS SAMUEL L. MOORE DERRICK W. OSSMANN JOHN C. MATTHEWS TIMOTHY L. MOORE LUIS G. OTERO MICHAEL K. MATTHEWS WENDEL I. MOORE JAMES T. OTOSKI TYRELL O. MAYFIELD MIGUEL A. MORA GLENN D. OTT DENNIS R. MAYNARD MICHAEL MORALES STEPHEN D. OTT CHAD D. MCADAMS MICHAEL J. MORALES WILLIAM L. OTTATI DANIEL A. MCAFFEE DAVID M. MOREY DALE L. OVERHOLTS II JAMES M. MCALEVEY KHIRAH MORGAN ROBERT E. OVERSTREET MATTHEW J. MCALISTER SCOTT C. MORGAN ZACHARY D. OWEN JOSHUA L. MCALLISTER DANIEL P. MORIN KAREEM S. OWENS ROBERT D. MCALLISTER MARK J. MORIOKA SEBRINA L. PABON KYLE R. MCATEE GREGORY A. MORISSETTE MIGUEL PAGAN BRANDON L. MCBRAYER WILLIAM E. MORLAN JARED W. PAINE DAVID W. MCCAIN MARK R. MORRELL FELISA M. PALFERY TERRILL J. MCCALL GERALD W. MORRIS, JR. JASON C. PALMER DONALD L. MCCALLIE STEPHEN W. MORRIS JACOB S. PANTER SCOTT A. MCCANDLESS THOMAS A. MORRIS BRADLEY C. PANTON JOHN T. MCCANN CRAIG M. MORRISON DENIS J. PAQUETTE

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JILL L. PARKER NATHAN E. RAGAN CLAY A. RUFFINO WILLIAM J. PARKER III PETER J. RAKOVALIS TRAVIS D. RUHL JEANANDRE J. PARMITER IAN S. RAMAGE JERRY D. RUIZ MATTHEW M. PARODA LAURA C. RAMOS JOSEPH R. RUNCI TRACY L. PARRISH TODD C. RAMSAY FRANCIS X. RURKA WILLIAM E. PARROTT KEITH A. RAMSDELL MICHAEL C. RUSSELL JAMES J. PARSLOW LYNDON J. RAMSEY SCOTT K. RUSSELL A. WADE PARTON RICHARD P. RAMSEY CHRISTOPHER T. RUST JON A. PASKEWITZ BRIAN M. RANAUDO CHARLES M. RYAN CHRISTIAAN P. PASKVAN TINA K. RANDALL JOSEPH B. RYTHER ERIK M. PATCHEN STEVEN D. RANDLE TIMOTHY J. SABLOTNY SAMVED S. PATEL MARTIN J. RANN MARK D. SAEGER TRENT D. PATTERSON JACOB B. RASER JACHIN SAKAMOTO CHRISTOPHER L. PAULHAMUS CODY C. RASMUSSEN MARTIN SALINAS II ERIC D. PAULS SPENCER T. RASMUSSEN CHARLES M. SALLEE JOEL E. PAULS ERIN J. RAY CHRISTOPHER A. SAMPLE ANTHONY B. PAULSON MARK A. REDFERN GERARDO SANCHEZ MARK R. PAULY JASON E. REDLIN MANUEL L. SANCILLO SAMUEL F. PAYNE KERRY P. REDMANN STEVEN T. SANDERS ABRAHAM M. PAYTON JEFFERY C. REED JASON K. SANDERSON AVERIE R. PAYTON DEEDRICK L. REESE BRIAN T. SANDIDGE ZACHARY J. PEACOCK PAULA R. REESE POLLY K. SANDNESS MATTHEW W. PEARSON JEREMY R. REEVES GARY R. SANDT JOHN M. PEASE NICHOLAS H. REGISTER MELODY A. SANTO MICHAEL E. PECHER DAVID J. REICHERT JOSE M. SARDUY TIMOTHY A. PECKHAM LAURINDA M. REIFSTECK PAUL E. SASKIEWICZ NICHOLAS J. PEDERSEN DONEVAN A. REIN TORRENCE T. SAULSBERRY PAUL A. PEDERSEN SEAN M. REITER JOHN F. SAUNDERS VEASNA PEL MARK G. REITH STEPHEN R. SAVELL DARYL A. PELLETIER CHRISTOPHER A. REMY LUKE D. SAVOIE GARY D. PELTON, JR. MATTHEW W. RENBARGER TRASTINE L. SAXBY ANDREW J. PENCE BRIAN S. RENDELL ROBERT J. SCHABRON WILLIAM F. PENDLETON ANDREW C. RESCH JOSEPH V. SCHAEFER GARY J. PENNA, JR. DANIEL L. RESSEGUIE STEVEN J. SCHAEFER ALAN E. PENROD CHRISTOPHER T. REYES MICHAEL D. SCHANER CLAYTON J. PERCLE KERYA REYES STEVEN A. SCHEARER ABRAHAM S. PERRAS RICHARD G. REYES, JR. JAMES A. SCHEIDEMAN DONALD K. PERRY WILLIAM A. REYNOLDS THOMAS P. SCHILLING TIMOTHY W. PESEK WILLIAM H. REYNOLDS CHRISTOPHER E. SCHLACHTER RYAN M. PETERSEN TIMOTHY B. REZAC KYLE W. SCHLAPPI ANTON C. PETERSON NATHAN P. RHODES TAMMY L. SCHLICHENMAIER JAMES S. PETERSON DAVID J. RICE CARL C. SCHLUCKEBIER MATTHEW G. PETERSON JOSHUA C. RICE JEFFREY C. SCHLUETER STEFANIE S. PETERSON DANIEL E. RICHARDS CHRISTOPHER M. SCHMIDT TRAVIS S. PETERSON EMILY D. RICHARDS ERIC C. SCHMIDT MIRIELLE M. PETITJEAN ANGELA D. RICHARDSON MARK A. SCHMIDT JOSEPH M. PETROSKY JEAN RICHARDSON ANDREW B. SCHMITT DAVID R. PFANCOOK, JR. RYAN E. RICHARDSON DANIEL T. SCHMITT ROBERT J. PFEFFENBERGER RYAN W. RICHARDSON JEFFREY D. SCHNAKENBERG CHADWICK K. PFORTMILLER ALEXANDER RICHBURG HEATH M. SCHNEIDER JOSEPHINE F. PHILIPS BLAINE H. RICHIE RONALD M. SCHOCH DENNIS M. PHILLIPS MATTHEW B. RICHTER ALISON Y. SCHORR JEFFREY A. PHILLIPS GREGORY S. RICKERD MATTHEW D. SCHORR CHRISTOPHER H. PICINNI GERAD R. RIESTER BRANDON B. SCHRAEDER LISA M. PIERCE GWYNNE A. RIGGEN RICHARD E. SCHREIBER TIMOTHY E. PIERCE KIMBERLY A. RIGGS JEREMY A. SCHROEDER DOUGLAS P. PIERRE JAMES A. RIGSBEE WILLIAM A. SCHROEDER RUSSELL T. PIGGOTT JAMES L. RILEY ERICH J. SCHROEGER MATTHEW J. PIGNATARO MEGAN M. RILEY MARK W. SCHULENBERG RICHARD A. PIKE SCOTT T. RILEY ADAM M. SCHULTZ DOUGLAS A. PINDROCK MICHAEL S. RIORDAN CHRISTOPHER S. SCHULZ JESSICA J. PINTO ERIK A. RIPPLE CURT A. SCHUMACHER DUSTIN L. PITTMAN SHARON C. RITCHIE MICHAEL R. SCHUPBACH JOSHUA A. PLATT TIMOTHY J. RITCHIE IRA A. SCHURIG JEFFERY T. PLEINIS ALFREDO RIVERA JOHN M. SCHUTTE DAMON F. PLYLER MATTHEW J. ROBBINS MARTIN G. SCHWEIM LOUIS M. POCHET ADAM S. ROBERTS CHRISTOPHER L. SCOTT JAMES M. PODANY JOHN W. ROBERTS, JR. NATHAN L. SCOTT MATTHEW R. POISSON ALAN T. ROBERTSON ROBERT G. SCOTT TIMOTHY R. POLICARPIO DALE H. ROBERTSON TERRY A. SCOTT PHILLIP W. POLK RICHARD M. ROBERTSON CHAD T. SEARLE CHARLES B. POLOMSKY BENJAMIN S. ROBINS KARL W. SEEKAMP BYRON R. POMPA CHRISTOPHER M. ROBINSON SCOTT SEGAL RYAN S. PONACK JOHN M. ROBINSON SCOTT M. SEIGFRIED TRAVIS W. POND JORI A. ROBINSON PATRICK C. SELF JOHN W. PONTON LAURA R. ROBINSON KRISTINA J. SELSTROM MICHAEL T. POPE, JR. RYAN E. ROBINSON JAMES W. SERRA RICHARD A. POPE TIMOTHY M. ROBINSON KEVIN G. SEVERE GREGORY P. POSTON II ROBERT P. ROBISON DAMON P. SEVIER MARK J. POVEC ROJAN J. ROBOTHAM MARTIN T. SHADLE CARLOS A. POVEDA, JR. BARRY D. ROCHE JEREMY D. SHADROUI BENJAMIN E. POWERS MARK A. RODEMOYER BETHANY J. SHANA VERONICA D. PRADO KIMBERLY K. RODGERS CHRISTOPHER J. SHANDERSKY PHILIP L. PRATER RODNEY W. RODGERS GREGORY T. SHANKS CRAIG D. PRATHER JOEMAR M. RODRIGO KEVIN D. SHARPE ALEXANDRIA K. PRESTON ARMANDO RODRIGUEZ BRENDEN G. SHAW DAX A. PRESUTO EDGAR O. RODRIGUEZ MELISSA G. SHEAIRS BENJAMIN C. PRICE RENE A. RODRIGUEZ SUSAN M. SHEETS AARON J. PRINCE ROBUSTINO D. RODRIGUEZ CHRISTOPHER M. SHEFFIELD RYAN C. PRINCIPI ROBERT J. ROECKERS DAVID R. SHELLER KIRK J. PRISTAS WILLIAM D. ROELKER SCOTT E. SHELTON JAMES R. PRITCHETT BRIAN K. ROGERS STEVEN G. SHEPAN KEVIN M. PRITZ JOHN F. ROGERS JASON J. SHEPHARD CALEB R. PROVENCIO SHARON E. ROHDE BRIAN D. SHERRY PATRICK J. PRUETT ERIC D. ROOME RICHARD H. SHERTZER SHEILA P. PUANA AARON D. ROOT ALLEN R. SHEW ERIC C. PUELS LANGDON O. ROOT JASON T. SHIBATA ROBERT C. PULLIAM WILLIAM M. ROSCHEWSKI CAMERON B. SHIRLEY JOEL D. PURCELL STEVEN L. ROSE CAROL J. SHIRLEY JASON A. PURDY JOHN M. ROSS JEFFREY E. SHUCK KENNETH B. PUTNAM STACY T. ROSS ROBERT W. SHULL S. NATHAN PUWALOWSKI MATTHEW S. ROSSMAN MACKENZIE R. SHULTZ JOSHUA B. PYERS ERICA K. ROTH KIMBERLY K. SHURLOW QUAID H. QUADRI DOUGLAS W. ROTTIER ANTHONY F. SIDOTI MARJORIE V. QUANT JAMES M. ROWE JUAN SILVA ERIC A. QUEDDENG KAREN F. ROWE JOSEPH SILVER BRIAN C. QUENETTE ANTONIO B. ROWLAND JEFF A. SIMMONS MATTHEW E. QUENICHET KEVIN B. ROWLEY CHAD A. SIMPSON ADAM P. QUICK JEFFREY N. ROWLISON DANIEL T. SIMPSON MARIE G. QUICK KELLY A. ROXBURGHMARTINEZ CHRISTIE S. SIMPSONMCKENZIE STEVEN S. QUICK MICHAEL B. ROY MICHAEL R. SIMS STEVEN A. QUILLMAN PAUL A. ROZUMSKI ANDREW L. SINCOCK DAVID C. QUINENE JASON A. RUBENSTEIN JAMES L. SIVILLE ANDREW M. QUINN ERIC D. RUCKER CARLA U. SIZER JASON S. RABIDEAU JOSEPH E. RUCKER III DAVID M. SKALICKY KENNETH J. RADFORD, JR. ERIK D. RUDIGER ROBERT W. SLANGER MARK W. RADIO MICHAEL J. RUDISILL STACY N. SLATE

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JEFFREY J. SLIWINSKI LELAND J. TAYLOR PHILLIP WALKER, SR. DAVID A. SLOAT MARLON TAYLOR BRIAN P. WALLACE EDWARD L. SMALLS RYAN D. TAYLOR PRESTON R. WALLECH JASON M. SMESNY STEVEN C. TAYLOR JASON R. WALLS KYLE J. SMET JASON L. TERRY BRIAN P. WALSH JAMIE R. SMICKLAS JOHN A. TESAR TRAVIS D. WALTERS ANDREW F. SMITH CLIFFORD M. THEONY JUSTIN L. WALWORTH BRIAN D. SMITH PETER E. THERN BRANDON WAREING CHAD A. SMITH MATTHEW A. THIEL PHILLIP WARNER DAVID A. SMITH KRISTIAN S. THIELE TIMOTHY M. WARNER JAMES T. SMITH LISA S. THIEM CHARLTON L. WARREN JASON A. SMITH KENNETH G. THILL STEVEN W. WASHKO JASON V. SMITH ANTHONY A. THOMAS MATTHEW N. WASZAK JONATHAN H. SMITH BRIAN J. THOMAS SCOTT D. WATJUS KRISTOFFER R. SMITH JEFFREY D. THOMAS CHRISTOPHER D. WATT NATHAN S. SMITH MATTHEW J. THOMAS DAVID S. WATTS ROBERT R. SMITH MATTHEW M. THOMAS JOHN G. WEAVER STEVEN J. SMITH PAMELLA J. THOMAS SHONRY O. WEBB TIMOTHY A. SMITH ROGER M. THOMAS KEVIN M. WEBSTER TIMOTHY J. SMITH RYAN W. THOMAS JAMES T. WEDEKIND STEPHEN P. SNOW JONATHAN H. THOMASSEE MARTIN W. WEEKS III PATRICK A. SNYDER DAVID S. THOMPKINS SCOTT M. WEHRLE RANDY K. SNYDER CHRISTIAN K. THOMPSON JEREMY F. WEIHRICH JOSHUA D. SOULE NORRIS B. THOMPSON AARON M. WEINER WINSTON L. SPEAR SAMMIE L. THOMPSON, JR. JAMES P. WEIR STEVEN W. SPEARES SANDRA L. THOMPSON TROY C. WELKER BARRY J. SPELLS BRODY J. THOMSON MATTHEW D. WELLING DANNE E. SPENCE TODD A. THORPE GARY L. WELLMAN MATTHEW L. SPENCER BILL T. TICE, JR. BRENT N. WELLS THARON SPERRY WESLEY D. TICER MARION R. WENDALL MARCUS J. SPICER JEFFREY J. TIMMERWILKE SCOTT H. WERLEY DANIEL C. SPIER SHAWN R. TIMPSON CHRISTOPHER W. WERNER SCOTT E. SPILLER FRANK L. TISDEL STEVEN T. WESTBROOK CHRISTOPHER R. SPINDLER KATHERINE A. TODOROV RODNEY E. WESTON JEREMIAH B. STAHR SACHA N. TOMLINSON JEFFREY B. WESTPHAL THOMAS W. STALEY JILLIAN B. TORANGO SCOTT P. WEYERMULLER KENNETH W. STALLINGS II JERI D. TORRERO KEVIN J. WHALEY PAUL M. STANIFER DARAH A. TORRES DANIEL J. WHEELER DALE W. STANLEY III GUILLERMO TORRES SCOTT A. WHINNERY MATTHEW C. STANLEY CLIFFORD A. TORRIJOS STEVEN S. WHISLER MATTHEW L. STANLEY THOMAS E. TORTORELLA MICHAEL S. WHITACRE JOSEPH A. STARR JAMES C. TOTH, JR. ALTON S. WHITE NEIL B. STATEN, JR. CLAY R. TOULA JOHN D. WHITE GREGORY M. STEEGER PETER G. TOVES WALTER J. WHITE, JR. MICHAEL A. STEFANI CRAIG M. TOWELL ROBERT A. WHITED SIDNEY L. STEGALL, JR. PAUL K. TOWER LAURA M. WHITEHEAD PHILIP M. STEIN SEAN M. TOWNSEND RYE M. WHITEHEAD BRIAN R. STELMA ERIC A. TRAMEL SCOTT B. WHITEHURST ANDREW C. STENGEL JASON L. TRANUM DENNIS A. WHITLOCK ANSON B. STEPHENS BENJAMIN R. TRAVERS CODY D. WHITTINGTON JOHN T. STEPHENS ANDREW R. TRAVIS TYLER D. WICKHAM GREG E. STEVENS FRANCISCO L. TREJO JEREMY P. WIEDER JAMES A. STEVENS JASON M. TREW SCOTT M. WIEDERHOLT KAYLE M. STEVENS SETH W. TRIBETT STEVEN T. WIELAND MARK R. STEVENS WILLIAM P. TRICHE ERICK W. WIGDAHL MICHAEL R. STEVENS DANIEL R. TRIPLETT THOMAS T. WIGGINS RODNEY S. STEVENS SONJA C. TRITSCH HOBART D. WILBANKS TIMOTHY J. STEVENS RYAN J. TRUSCHINSKI JOE F. WILDMAN LOUIS G. STEWART GARY W. TUCKER LISA M. WILDMAN MARC F. STEWART GRADY W. TUCKER, JR. KEVIN M. WILEY MATTHEW W. STEWART SEAN E. TUCKER STEVEN E. WILINSKI TREVOR T. STHULTZ RICHARD D. TUNDER CHRISTOPHER D. WILKINSON MICHAEL D. STODDARD CHRISTOPHER H. TURNER DAVID E. WILLARD MICHELLE L. STOFFA JASON A. TURNER AARON J. WILLIAMS MICHAEL R. STOLLEY JASON C. TURNER BRAD D. WILLIAMS CHRISTINA R. STONE ABIZER H. TYABJI BRIAN D. WILLIAMS JOHN H. STONE TERRY L. TYREE, JR. CHRISTOPHER S. WILLIAMS JAMES G. STOVALL KRISTOPHER J. UBER DELVIN R. WILLIAMS JESSE E. STOWELL MONYCA J. UECKER DOUGLAS A. WILLIAMS JOSHUA K. STRAKOS HEATHER M. UHL EARL WILLIAMS III STEVEN C. STRANDBURG HORST K. UHL JENNIFER L. WILLIAMS JOHN A. STRATTON L. WILLIAM UHL JESSICA C. WILLIAMS JENNIFER L. STRICKLAND ROSS G. UHLER JOSHUA J. WILLIAMS KENNETH T. STRICKLAND ROBERT T. UNGERMAN III MARK L. WILLIAMS JASON E. STRICKLER BILLY J. UPSHAW MATTHEW K. WILLIAMS RONALD K. STROBACH SHELLY A. UZPEN REGINALD L. WILLIAMS KRISTOPHER W. STRUVE JOHN L. VALA SEAN M. WILLIAMS CHARLES A. STSAUVER MATTHEW S. VANHOOK STACEY L. WILLIAMS CEDRICK L. STUBBLEFIELD TERENCE J. VANCE TIMOTHY E. WILLIAMS JAMES R. STUBER ROBERT M. VANDAWAKER RUSSELL S. WILLIFORD JASON O. STUTZMAN JAMES L. VANDROSS MICHELLE L. WILLISON ERIC K. STYRON NEAL A. VANHOUTEN LANCE J. WILLOUGHBY AMIT C. SUBRAMANI NATHAN K. VANNATTER JAMES B. WILLS JOHN A. SULLIVAN RICHARD L. VANSLYKE BRIAN W. WILSON JOHN T. SULLIVAN KERRI A. VANTZELFDE ROCKIE K. WILSON LAWRENCE T. SULLIVAN ERWIN VARGAS SANDRA J. WILSON RYAN D. SULLIVAN CHRISTOPHER G. VECCHIONE SCOTT R. WILSON JAMES C. SUMMERS ANDREW C. VENNE TODD J. WILSON MARC W. SUMMERS ERNESTO VERGER WILLIAM H. WIMSATT III DAVID A. SUTTER PHILLIP A. VERROCO GUY J. WINGENBACH ERIC E. SUTTON JOSEPH H. VERSTRATEN JOSEPH J. WINGO MATTHEW P. SUTTON RYAN J. VETTER BRIAN F. WINKLER ERIC J. SVEE KEVIN J. VEZINO JASON J. WINKLER LYLE D. SWAPP ROBERT P. VICARS IV DERRICK B. WINNER JUSTIN W. SWARTZMILLER BRUS E. VIDAL WALTER M. WINTER WILLIAM E. SWARTZWELDER BRIAN H. VILLAVASO CRAIG J. WINTERS ROBERT J. SWEARINGEN MICHELLE K. VILLAVASO AARON A. WIRTZ RYAN J. SWEAZEY JOHN R. VINSON ANDREW I. WISTRCILL PATRICK J. SWEENEY JAMES N. VINUP DONALD W. WITTENBERG ROBERT J. SWEENEY ROBERT K. VITT PATRICK V. WNETRZAK BROOK C. SWEITZER RANDELL D. VOAS JOHN D. WODOCHEK CRAIG M. SWIERZBIN JOSEPH N. VOCCA WINSTON C. WOLCZAK JACK K. SWINEHART KENNETH J. VOIGT, JR. JAMES E. WOLFE JAMES P. SWISHER JOHN R. VOLCHECK MARC E. WOLFE GARY B. SYMON RYAN M. VONEIDA ROBERT W. WOLFE LOUIS M. SZCZUKOWSKI JASON D. VOORHEIS ELIZABETH A. WOOD TIMOTHY K. SZESZULSKI GEORGE M. VRANIAK GARY A. WOOD BREANNE TABOR MATT J. VUKICH JARED W. WOOD ROBERT D. TACKETT, JR. JAMES T. WACKER JOHN D. WOOD KHALIM A. TAHA ALAN R. WADE DOUGLAS A. WOODLEY BRIAN J. TANNEHILL BRYANT P. WADE THOMAS J. WOODRING MICHELLE A. TARKOWSKI MATTHEW T. WAGGONER JOHN M. WOODS DONALD C. TASKER RICHARD H. WAGGONER SABRINA WOODS DEREK R. TATE RICHARD W. WALDROP NOEL M. WOODSTUFF DAVID L. TAYLOR DIETER A. WALDVOGEL CHRISTOPHER WORKINGER DELEMESA M. TAYLOR KENNETH G. WALKER GREGORY M. WRATHER JASON E. TAYLOR MARK T. WALKER DAVID M. WRAZEN

VerDate Aug 31 2005 03:32 Feb 27, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00067 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 9801 E:\CR\FM\A26FE6.035 S26FEPT1 ccoleman on PROD1PC77 with SENATE S1216 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 26, 2008 MICHAEL L. WREY JOSHUA J. ZAKER WITHDRAWALS ALEXANDER E. WRIGHT JASON A. ZARBCOUSIN CHAD R. WRIGHT JEFFREY S. ZDENEK Executive message transmitted by JAMES A. WRIGHT THOMAS M. ZEEFF RENAE L. WRIGHT CHRISTOPHER J. ZEGAR the President to the Senate on Feb- TIMOTHY A. WRIGHT SCOTT D. ZELLER ruary 26, 2008 withdrawing from further ROBERT S. WRINKLE CHRISTOPHER G. ZEPPOS RODNEY Y. WROTTEN YAN C. ZHU Senate consideration the following STEPHEN G. YANTKO III JOHN P. ZIELINSKI nominations: MICHAEL C. YARBROUGH ANTHONY J. ZILINSKY III MICHAEL D. YARINA CHRISTOPHER J. ZILKA CATHERINE G. WEST, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, JAMES B. YEAKLEY TO BE A MEMBER OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE DAVID L. ZIMMERMAN JOHN M. YERGER OVERSIGHT BOARD FOR A TERM EXPIRING SEPTEMBER GARRETT C. ZINDEL KEITH N. YESTER 14, 2008, VICE KAREN HASTIE WILLIAMS, TERM EXPIRED, JULIAN J. YNIGUEZ MICHAEL P. ZINK WHICH WAS SENT TO THE SENATE ON JANUARY 9, 2007. ERIC J. YOAST ANDREW W. ZINN PETER E. CIANCHETTE, OF MAINE, TO BE A MEMBER OF BRIAN K. YOSHIMOTO STEVEN M. ZOLLARS THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE OVERSIGHT BOARD JENINA C. YOST JODY L. ZOLMAN FOR A TERM EXPIRING SEPTEMBER 14, 2010, VICE NANCY DAVID A. YOUNG CHRISTOPHER P. ZORICH KILLEFER, TERM EXPIRED, WHICH WAS SENT TO THE DOMINICK B. YOUNG JOHNATHAN B. ZULAUF SENATE ON JANUARY 9, 2007. GEOFFREY YOUNG MICHAEL M. ZWALVE STANLEY C. SUBOLESKI, OF VIRGINIA, TO BE AN AS- JASON E. YOUNG SISTANT SECRETARY OF ENERGY (FOSSIL ENERGY), ANGELENA R. YULEESMITH VICE JEFFREY D. JARRETT, RESIGNED, WHICH WAS SENT STEPHEN R. ZAISER TO THE SENATE ON DECEMBER 11, 2007.

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