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The North Caucasus: the Challenges of Integration (III), Governance, Elections, Rule of Law
The North Caucasus: The Challenges of Integration (III), Governance, Elections, Rule of Law Europe Report N°226 | 6 September 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Russia between Decentralisation and the “Vertical of Power” ....................................... 3 A. Federative Relations Today ....................................................................................... 4 B. Local Government ...................................................................................................... 6 C. Funding and budgets ................................................................................................. 6 III. Elections ........................................................................................................................... 9 A. State Duma Elections 2011 ........................................................................................ 9 B. Presidential Elections 2012 ...................................................................................... -
Health Sector Field Directory
HEALTH SECTOR FIELD DIRECTORY Republic of Chechnya Republic of Ingushetia Russian Federation June 2004 World Health Organization Nazran, Republic of Ingushetia TABLE OF CONTENTS ORGANIZATION 1. Agency for Rehabilitation and Development (ARD/Denal) 2. CARE Canada 3. Centre for Peacemaking and Community Development (CPCD) 4. Danish Refugee Council/Danish Peoples Aid (DRC/DPA) 5. Hammer FOrum e. V. 6. Handicap International 7. International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 8. International Humanitarian Initiative (IHI) 9. International Medical Corps (IMC) 10. Islamic Relief (IR) 11. International Rescue Committee (IRC) 12. Medecins du Monde (MDM) 13. Medecins Sans Frontieres – Belgium (MSF-B) 14. Error! Reference source not found. 15. Medecins Sans Frontieres - Holland (MSF-H) 16. Medecins Sans Frontieres - Switzerland (MSF-CH) 17. Memorial 18. People in Need (PIN) 19. Polish Humanitarian Organisation (PHO) 20. Save the Generation 21. SERLO 22. UNICEF 23. World Vision 24. World Health Organization (WHO) 2 Agency for Rehabilitation and Development (ARD/Denal) Sector: Health; Food; Non-Food Items; Education Location: Chechnya and Ingushetia Objectives: To render psychosocial support to people affected by the conflict; to provide specialised medical services for women and medical aid for the IDP population; to support education and recreational activities; to supply supplementary food products to vulnerable IDP categories with specific nutritional needs; to provide basic hygienic items and clothes for new-born; to help the IDP community to establish a support system for its members making use of available resources. Beneficiaries: IDP children, youth, women and men in Ingushetia and residents in Chechnya Partners: UNICEF, SDC/SHA CONTACT INFORMATION: INGUSHETIA Moscow Karabulak, Evdoshenko St. -
The North Caucasus: the Challenges of Integration (III), Governance, Elections, Rule of Law
The North Caucasus: The Challenges of Integration (III), Governance, Elections, Rule of Law Europe Report N°226 | 6 September 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Russia between Decentralisation and the Vertical of Power ....................................... 3 A. Federative Relations Today ....................................................................................... 4 B. Local Government ...................................................................................................... 6 C. Funding and budgets ................................................................................................. 6 III. Elections ........................................................................................................................... 9 A. State Duma Elections 2011 ........................................................................................ 9 B. Presidential Elections 2012 ....................................................................................... 12 -
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Danish Refugee Council ASF / Danish People’s Aid North Caucasus Situation Report No. 41 DRC/ASF PROGRAM OF EMERGENCY AND INTEGRATION ASSISTANCE TO THE VICTIMS OF THE ARMED CONFLICT IN CHECHNYA 30 September 2001 Latest developments On 31 August a spokesperson of the International Committee of Other News the Red Cross in Moscow said that more than 2,000 children from Chechnya have undergone mine awareness training, On 10 September Lecha Kadyrov, the nephew of the organized by the ICRC. She said this training program is head of the pro-Moscow civil intended for the Chechen children currently living in Ingushetia, administration was killed in who will have to return to Chechnya soon and may get Chechnya. His car came under confronted with this danger. She announced that the committee fire at about 10:00 am as Lecha had produced a puppet show on the basis of North Caucasian and three of his friends drove fairy tales specially for the Chechen children. from the settlement of Tsentoroy to Kurchaloy to On 18 September, the Head of pro-Moscow civil administration donate blood for Lecha's sister, who is undergoing treatment at of the Chechen Republic Akhmad Kadyrov started a 6-day the local hospital. Lecha working visit to the Middle East, Kadyrov’s press secretary Edi Kadyrov died immediately. Isayev reported. Kadyrov is expected to visit Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Iraq. He will meet a number of regional leaders, On 17 September, Russian including Husni Mubarak, Bashar Assad, King Abdallah II and Federal Security Service’s Saddam Hussein. The main objective of the trip was announced department in Chechnya reported that a technical as "demonstration of Chechnya’s true face to leaders of Middle description of the Boeing-737 East states." Kadyrov is accompanied by top Muslim clerics of jet and pilot’s manual had been Dagestan, Karachai-Cherkessia and Ingushetia. -
Disappearances” in Chechnya
April 2002 Vol.14, No. 3 (D) RUSSIA LAST SEEN . .: Continued “Disappearances” in Chechnya SUMMARY................................................................................................................................................ 1 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Defining Forced Disappearance.............................................................................................................. 3 Russia’s Obligations under International Law........................................................................................ 3 Domestic Law......................................................................................................................................... 5 A Note on Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 6 CASES OF “DISAPPEARANCE”............................................................................................................. 7 “Disappearances” From Grozny ............................................................................................................. 8 “Disappearances” From Groznensko-Selskii District........................................................................... 12 Alkhan-Kala ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Starye Atagi...................................................................................................................................... -
Republic of Tatarstan 15 I
1 CONTENTS ABOUT AUTHORS 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 INTRODUCTION 10 THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN 15 I. POLITICAL ELITE 15 1. Vertical power structure 19 2. Governance model during the period of the President M. Shaimiev 20 3. Governance model during the period of the President R. Minnikhanov 22 4. Security forces as part of a consolidated project 27 5. Export of elites 28 II. PRESERVATION OF ETHNO-CULTURAL IDENTITY 30 1.The Tatar national movement 30 2. The Russian national movement 34 3. Language policy in Tatarstan 37 4. Results of post-Soviet language policy 47 5. Conclusion 50 THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN 51 I. DAGESTAN ELITES AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 51 1. Birth of «clans» 53 2. Adaptation to the growing influence of Moscow 56 3. Mukhu Aliev: attempt to be equidistant from clans 58 4. Elite and the Caucasus Emirate 62 5. Return of the «levashintsy» and attempt at a civil dialogue 64 6. First attempt to eliminate clans 66 II. «EXTERNAL GOVERNANCE» 70 III. PRESERVATION OF ETHNO-CULTURAL IDENTITY 79 1. National movements and conflicts 79 2. Preservation of national languages 82 3. Conclusion 91 FINAL CONCLUSIONS 93 2 ABOUT AUTHORS Dr. Ekaterina SOKIRIANSKAIA is the founder and director at Conflict analysis and prevention center. From 2011 to 2017, she served as International Crisis Group’s Russia/North Caucasus Project Director, supervising the organisation’s research and advocacy in the region. From 2008-2011, Sokirianskaia established and supervised the work of Human rights Center Memorial’s regional offices in Kabardino-Balkariya and Dagestan. Before that, from 2003-2008 Sokirianskaia was permanently based in Ingushetia and Chechnya and worked as a researcher and projects director for Memorial and as an assistant professor at Grozny State University. -
Supplemental Appendix: “Denial and Punishment in the North Caucasus”
Supplemental Appendix: “Denial and Punishment in the North Caucasus” Monica Duffy Toft and Yuri M. Zhukov 6 December 2011 Contents 1 Conflict Diffusion Literature List 2 2 The Epidemic Model 5 2.1 Proof of the stability of equilibrium solutions . .5 2.2 Derivation of empirical R0 statistic . .6 2.3 Empirical model: Markov Chain with spatial spline . .6 3 North Caucasus Violence Dataset 8 3.1 Automated event coding . .8 3.2 Event coding rules.....................................9 3.3 Reliability of automated event coding........................... 11 4 Road Network Data and Dynamic Spatial Weights Matrix 13 5 Coding Rules for Aggregated Data 14 5.1 Geographic locations and dates . 14 5.2 Conflict dynamics . 14 5.3 Control variables . 15 5.4 Interactions (pre-coded for transitional model) . 16 6 Summary Statistics 18 7 Additional Regression Results 25 1 1 Conflict Diffusion Literature List Tables 1-3 show a list of 90 most widely-cited articles on conflict diffusion, mentioned in Footnote 1 of the manuscript. To be included, the articles had to be published in a major peer-reviewed political science journal between 1980 and 2011 and listed in the Web of Science, Social Science Citation Index and/or Google Scholar. For each article, we indicate its level of analysis (cross-national or subnational) and the type of conflict analyzed (interstate war, civil war and insurgency, terrorism, revolutions and protests). The list excludes disaggregated studies of conflict, which do not directly address the question of how violence spreads (e.g. Kalyvas 2006, Lyall 2009). Of the 90 articles, 77 are on the cross-national level and only indirectly address the dynamics of state responses to insurgency. -
Universitas Indonesia BAB II Konsep Etnonasionalisme Dan Terorisme II
BAB II Konsep Etnonasionalisme dan Terorisme II.1 Etnonasonalisme Nasionalisme di dunia, khususnya pada abad ke-20, merupakan suatu fenomena yang sangat kompleks dan merupakan gejala zaman modern. Hal ini dikarenakan banyaknya konotasi serta interpretasinya yang beragam sebagai hasil studi. Nasionalisme di setiap negara tidaklah sama, dikarenakan nasionalisme suatu negara berkembang menurut ide politik dan susunan masyarakat yang sesuai dengan apa yang telah berakar di negara tersebut. Oleh karena itu, perkembangan nasionalisme adalah sebuah proses sejarah yang dapat dilihat. Nasionalisme memegang peranan penting dalam sejarah dunia. Saat ini konsep negara-bangsa menjadi bentuk dominan organisasi pemerintahan, sehingga membuat para sejarawan menggunakan istilah nasionalisme untuk merujuk transisi sejarah dan munculnya serta keunggulan dari ideologi nasionalis. Istilah nasionalisme sendiri merujuk pada sebuah aksi kolektif yang dirancang untuk membuat batasan sebuah bangsa menjadi satu ruang (kongruen) dengan sebuah unit pemerintahan.30 Konsep nasionalisme sendiri terbentuk dari dua unsur, yakni bangsa dan unit pemerintahan31 (untuk lebih mudahnya, disebut negara). Beberapa teori nasionalisme menunjukkan identitas nasional menciptakan pergerakan nasional yang kemudian direspon oleh para unit politis, atau unit sosial itu sendiri yang mempromosikan sendiri identitas nasional mereka melalui kesadaran nasional tersebut. Menurut Gellner, sebuah bangsa tidak akan memunculkan nasionalisme tetapi nasionalisme-lah yang mengakibatkan lahirnya sebuah -
BR IFIC N° 2627 Index/Indice
BR IFIC N° 2627 Index/Indice International Frequency Information Circular (Terrestrial Services) ITU - Radiocommunication Bureau Circular Internacional de Información sobre Frecuencias (Servicios Terrenales) UIT - Oficina de Radiocomunicaciones Circulaire Internationale d'Information sur les Fréquences (Services de Terre) UIT - Bureau des Radiocommunications Part 1 / Partie 1 / Parte 1 Date/Fecha 02.09.2008 Description of Columns Description des colonnes Descripción de columnas No. Sequential number Numéro séquenciel Número sequencial BR Id. BR identification number Numéro d'identification du BR Número de identificación de la BR Adm Notifying Administration Administration notificatrice Administración notificante 1A [MHz] Assigned frequency [MHz] Fréquence assignée [MHz] Frecuencia asignada [MHz] Name of the location of Nom de l'emplacement de Nombre del emplazamiento de 4A/5A transmitting / receiving station la station d'émission / réception estación transmisora / receptora 4B/5B Geographical area Zone géographique Zona geográfica 4C/5C Geographical coordinates Coordonnées géographiques Coordenadas geográficas 6A Class of station Classe de station Clase de estación Purpose of the notification: Objet de la notification: Propósito de la notificación: Intent ADD-addition MOD-modify ADD-ajouter MOD-modifier ADD-añadir MOD-modificar SUP-suppress W/D-withdraw SUP-supprimer W/D-retirer SUP-suprimir W/D-retirar No. BR Id Adm 1A [MHz] 4A/5A 4B/5B 4C/5C 6A Part Intent 1 108068419 ARG 6460.0000 CHAJARI ARG 57W57'22'' 30S44'53'' FX 1 ADD 2 108068420 -
C Structure of Soviet National Daring As Well As Our Caution
Victor KOGAN-IASNYT c ~~ "I :~r·. 1,! ~! ' ,S - --_; s CHECHEN R 0 s s Essays Articles Documents Moscow THE RIGHT TO LIFE AND HUMAN DIGNITY 1995 I f IN LIEU OF A FOREWORD The essays and articles we venture to publish here were written on the heels of events at different times since the outbreak oflarge-scale military operations in Chechnya. Much of what you see is in the nature of a sketch and requires additional material of a factual nature which we plan to provide in subsequent issues. Much of this may appear excessively emotional or declarative. We are fully aware that this publication in a way presumptuous and somewhat clumsy.· But we hope that our readers will understand our gesture. modest as it may be. We did not seek a place in the relevant events, and did not want involvement, but, to be sure, neither did we evade it. We stayed away from danger, we often fell behind, and were often wrong. But we were never indifferent. *** During my latest visit to Chechnya I was treated to tea by very calm and reasonable people from among those who had in the short period of hostilities lost absolutely everything, their families and homes, They were not aggressive. They were not embittered. They were not even suspicious, though they did take all the requisite security measures. To put it simply, they were ready fbr anything. In any case, they were not sony for themselves. And since they were not sorry for themselves, they were not sorry for anyone else either. -
The North Caucasus: the Challenges of Integration (III), Governance, Elections, Rule of Law
The North Caucasus: The Challenges of Integration (III), Governance, Elections, Rule of Law Europe Report N°226 | 6 September 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Russia between Decentralisation and the “Vertical of Power” ....................................... 3 A. Federative Relations Today ....................................................................................... 4 B. Local Government ...................................................................................................... 6 C. Funding and budgets ................................................................................................. 6 III. Elections ........................................................................................................................... 9 A. State Duma Elections 2011 ........................................................................................ 9 B. Presidential Elections 2012 ...................................................................................... -
The Trade Routes and the Silk Trade Along the Western Coast of the Caspian Sea from the 15Th to the First Half of the 17Th Century
ACTA VIA SERICA Vol. 3, No. 2, December 2018: 23–48 doi:10.22679/avs.2018.3.2.002 The Trade Routes and the Silk Trade along the Western Coast of the Caspian Sea from the 15th to the First Half of the 17th Century SHAHIN MUSTAFAYEV The Silk Road usually implies a network of trade and communications that stretched from east to west and connected China and the countries of the Far East via Central Asia and the Middle East to the eastern Mediterranean, or through the northern coast of the Caspian Sea and the Volga basin to the Black Sea coast. However, at certain historical stages, a network of maritime and overland routes stretching from north to south, commonly called the Volga-Caspian trade route, also played a significant role in international trade and cultural contacts. The geopolitical realities of the early Middle Ages relating to the relationship of Byzantium, the Sassanid Empire, and the West Turkic Khaganate, the advance of the Arab Caliphate to the north, the spread of Islam in the Volga region, the glories and fall of the Khazar State, and the Scandinavian campaigns in the Caucasus, closely intertwined with the history of transport and communications connecting the north and south through the Volga-Caspian route. In a later era, the interests of the Mongolian Uluses, and then the political and economic aspirations of the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid State, and Russia, collided or combined on these routes. The article discusses trade contacts existing between the north and the south in the 15th and first half of the 17th century along the routes on the western coast of the Caspian Sea.