1724 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 27

By Mr. VANZANDT: I - MESSAGE FROM' THE SENATE ·Uni-ted .States," as amended by the act of H. R. 6685. A bill authorizing the Presi­ October 14, 1940 (54 S tat. 1119}; dent to present a Congressional Medal of . A message from the Senate, by Mr. H. R. 5026. An act for the relief of the Honor to Gen. Douglas MacArthur; to the Frazier, its legislative clerk, announced Louis Puccinelli Bail Bond Co.; Committee on Military Affairs. that the Senate had passed without H. R. 5413. An act to validate settlement amendment bills and joint resolutions of claims established on sections 16 and 36 the House of the fol~owing titles: within the area withdrawn for the Mata­ PETITIONS, ETC. H. R. 691. An act for the relief of Richard nuska settlement project in Alaska, and for Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Bove; other purposes; H. R . 794. An act for the relief of Catherine H. R. 5481. An act to transfer Blair County, and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Pa., from the western judicial district of and referred as follows: Ward; . H. R. 962. An act for the relief of Multno­ Pennsylvania to the middle judicial district 2492. By Mr. MERRITI': Resolution of the mah County, Oreg.; of Pennsylvania; Carbloc Paving Corporation of Brooklyn, H. R. 1060. An act to vest absolute in the H. R. 5545. An act for the relief of H. Earle N. Y .•. requesting that in the future all as­ city of Dearborn the title to lot 19 of the Russell; phalt pavements the War Department may Detroit Arsenal grounds subdivision, Wayne H. R. 5573. An act for the relief of Mrs. lay for roads in Army bases, runways on air- · County, Mich.; .Noel Wright and Bunny Wright; ports, supply roads, or whatever. may be nec­ H. R . 1647. An act for the relief of William H. R. 5605. An act for the relief of Lt. Col. essary in the line of highway building, be H. Dugdale and wife; J.B.Conmy; built by contractors' forces and not by Gov­ H. R. 1755. An act for the relief of C. M. H. R. 5646. An act for the relief of Joseph ernment forces; to the Committee on Military Sherrod and Daisy Mimms, administratrix of Simon, lieutenant commander {SC), United Affairs. the estate of Arthur Mimms; States Navy. and R. D. Lewis; 2493. By Mr. ROLPH: Resolution of the H. R. 1793. An act to authorize maillng of H. R. 5865. An act for the relief of Build­ Allied Automotive Industries of California, small firearms· to officers and employees of ers Specialties Co.; Ltd., at San Francisco, relative to federaliza­ enforcement agencies of the United States; H. R. 6003. An act to amend an act en­ tion of unemployment insurance program; to H. R. 2300. An act to correct the description titled "An act providing for the zoning of the the Committee on Ways and Means. of land added to the Bryce Canyon National District of Columbia and the regulation of 2494. By Mr. WOLCOTr: Petitions and res­ Park pursuant to the act of February 17, the location, height, bulk, and uses of ()lution adopted by the Common Council of 1931; buildings and other structures and of the Marine City, Mich., to amend section 451 of H. R. 2302. An act to adjust the boundaries uses of land in the District of Columbia, and the Tariff Act of 1930, as set out in House of the Cedar Breaks National Monument and for other purposes," approved June 20, 1938; bill 4768; to the Committee on Ways and the Dixie National Forest, in the State of . H. R. 6072. An act authorizing the States of Means. Utah, and for ether purposes; Arizona and California, jointly or separately, 2495. By the SPE.AKI:R: Petition of the H. R. 2428. An act for the relief of G. F. to construct, maintain, and operate a free Congress of Industrial Organizations, Wash­ Brown; highway bridge across the Colorado River at Ington, D. C., petitioning consideration of H. R. 2460. An act for the relief of Ruth or near Needles, Calif.; their resolution with reference to the Dies Steward, administratrix of the estate of H. R . 6107. An act to authorize the Com­ committee; to the Committee on Rules. Luther F. Steward; missioners of the District of Columbia to H. R. 2718. An act for the relief of Jean N. permit the vestry of Rock Creek Parish to Burton and Laura Jones; utilize for burial sites certain land within its H. R. 2908. An act for the relief of Willlam present holdings in Rock Creek Cemetery; H. ~: vens; H. R. 6270. An act to amend subsections HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES H. R. 2980. An act for the relief of National (b), {d), and (e) of section 77 of the Judi­ Heating Co., Washington, D. C.; cial Code so as to transfer the county of FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1942 H. R. 3014. An act to accept the cession by Meriwether from the Columbus division of the middle district of Georgia to the Newnan The House met at 12 o'clock noon, and the State of Michigan of exclusive jurisdiction over the lands embraced within the Isle division of the northern district of Georgia, was called to order by the Speaker Royale National Park, and for other pur­ and to change the terms of the district court The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Mont­ poses; for the Macon and Americus divisions in the gomery, D. D., offered the following H. R. 3032. An act for the relief of J. G. middle district of Georgia; prayer: Fox; H. R. 6332. An act to revise the boundaries H. R. 3200. An act conferring jurisdiction of the Chickamauga-Chattanooga National Blessed Lord, our heavenly Father, we upon the United States District Court for the M1litary Park in the States of Georgia and pray Thee to enter into the holy land of Eastern District of Arkansas tG hear, deter­ Tennessee; our souls and allow nothing to tarnish mine, and render judgment upon the claims H. R. 6536. An act to change the name of them that we may love Thee and hate of W. M. Hurley and Joe Whitson; Conduit Road in the District of Columbia; only evil. Cleanse us from all unright­ H. R. 3433. An act for the relief of Bessie H. J. Res. 231. Joint resolution to approve eousness and renew a right spirit within Pearlman and George Roth; and authorize the continuance of certain us that we may be deeply conscious of H. R. 3610. An act for the relief of Minnie payments for the hospitalization and care of the eternal truth that whatsoever a man C. Sanders; Leo Mulvey, and for other purposes; and H. R. 3697. An act for the relief of John E. H. J. Res. 260. Joint resolution to authorize soweth that shall he also reap. He who the United States Maritime Commission to sows hate, resentment, or anger shall Newman; H. R. 3829. An act for the relief of Lonnie acquire certain lands in Nassau County, have forgiveness and love thrust out of N. Y, h is life. Many a green and fruitful isle Bales; shall blossom in our sea of sorrow when H. R. 4010. An act for the relief of Thelma The message also announced that the Carringer and others; Senate had passed, with amendments watered by the "wen of life,'' springing H. R. 4019. An act for the relief of John J . out of the surge which beats against the in which the concurrence of the House Jenkins; is requested, bills and a joint resolution lloUl. H. R. 4336. An act to accept the cession by We praise Thee, Almighty God, that the State of Washington of exclusive juris­ of the House of the following titles: somewhere in the pilgrimage of life there diction over the lands embraced within the H. R. 3761. An act for the relief of Mrs. .ts a merciful fountain for smoothing the Olympic National Park, and for other pur­ Willie M. Maye; pathway and cleansing the dust from the poses; H. R. 3966. An act for the relief of Estella wings of the soul. 0 do Thou continue H. R. 4386. An act to provide for the addi­ King; tion of certain lands to the Isle Royale Na­ H. R. 4355. An act for the relief of Bella to abide with us, ever affirming that Thou tional Park, in the State of Michigan, and Cosgrove; art with us and will hold human nature for other purposes; H. R. 4401. An act to provide for the estab­ to its native simplicity and dignity. Oh, H. R. 4414. An act for the relief of Andrew lishment of a commissary or canteen at help us to catch the of transfigured Wichmann; Glenn Dale Sanatorium, Glenn Dale, Md.; sorrow and sanctified suffering, of con­ H. R. 4626. An act for the relief of the legal H. R. 4557. An act for the relief of the estate quered fears and immortal hopes; and of Jane Hawk, a minor, and J. L. of Mrs. Edna B. Crook; Thine shall be the glory and praise for­ Hawk; H. R. 4665. An act for the relief of Harry _ever. Through Christ, our Redeemer. H. R. 4648. An act to amend the act of Au­ Kahn; Amen •. gust 11, 1939 (53 Stat. 1418), entitled "An H. R. 5290. An act for the relief of Mrs. act authorizing construction of water conser­ Eddie A. Schneider; The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ vation and utilization projects in the Great H. R. 5458. An act to amend the Organic terday was read and approved. Plains and arid and semiarid areas of the Act of Alaska; 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1725 H. R. 5473. An act for the reiief of Allene BANKHEAD, Mi. McCARRAN, Mr. OVERTON, The SPEAKER. Without objection, it Ruhlman and John P. Ruhlrr..an; Mr. McNARY, and Mr. JoHNSON of Cali­ is so ordered. H. R. 6291. An act to amend the Merchant -fornia to be the conferees on the part of There was no objection. Marine Act, 1936, as amended, to provide for the coordination of the forwarding and sim­ the Senate. Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, I ask Ilar servicing of water-borne export and im­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS unanimous consent to extend my own re­ port foreign commerce of the United States; marks in the Appendix of the RECORD and H. R. 6375 An act to amend subchapter 2 Mr. MACIEJEWSKI. Mr. Speaker, I to include a letter from the Oakland ·of chapter 19 of the Code of Law for the ask unanimous consent to extend my re­ County (Mich.) Farm Bureau. District of Columbia; marks in the RECORD and include therein The SPEAKER. Without objection, tt H. R. 6550. An act to extend and amend a resolution passed at a mass meeting is so ordered. -subtitle-Insurance of Ti.tle II of the Mer­ held in my district in Chicago, Dl.; and There was no objection. chant Marine Act, 1936, as amended (Public, .also that I may be allowed to extend my Mr. PAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ No. 677, 76th Cong.), approved June 29, 1940, own remarks. and for other purposes; and imous consent to extend my remarks in H. J. Res. 248. Joint resolution to direct the The SPEAKER. Without objection, it the RECORD and to include therein a reso­ Commissioners of the District of Columbia is so ordered. lution adopted by the Puerto Rico Teach­ and the Public Utilities Commission to make There was no objection. ers' Association in its annual convention an investigation and survey to determine the TO PRINT THE PROCEEDINGS COMMEMO­ held at Mayaguez, P. R., on January 31. feasibility of the construction of subways in RATING THE SERVICES OF WILLIAM The SPEAKER. Without objection, it the District of Columbia for both streetcars TYLER PAGE is so ordered. and vehicular traffic. Mr. JARMAN. Mr. Speaker, from the There was no objection. The message alsc. announced that the PAY AND ALLOWANCES OF PERSONNEL &>nate had passed bills and a joint reso­ Committee on Printing, I report (Rept. No. 1833) back favorably without amend­ OF ARMED FORCES DURING ABSENCES lution of the following titles, in which the FROM POSTS OF DUTY AND REPEAL OF concurrence of the House is requested: ment a privileged resolution

United States is at war, or is a member of the be given within six months after the date of . (2} It provided that the pay of the persons military or naval forces of the United States entrance to the service.' covered by the bill may be allotted to.pay the serving on sea duty or outside the continen­ "(d) The amounts deducted and withheld premiums on all types of life ·insurance poli­ tal United States; from the basic salary, pay, or compensation cies instead of upon Government policies "(2) the fifteenth day of the third month of any officer made ineligible for the benefits only. following the month in which the present of such Act of May 29, 1930, as ·amended, by (3) It extended the provisions of the bill war with Germany, Italy, and Japan is ter­ the amendments made by this section to such regarding deferment for a limited period of minated, as proclaimed by the President; or Act of May 29, 1930, and deposited to the time of the payment of Federal income tax "(3) the fifteenth day of the third month credit of the civil-service retirement and dis.: to include the civilian personnel covered by following the month in which an executor, ability fund, and any additional amounts the bill.· administrator, or conservator of the estate paid into such fund by such otllcer, shall be (4} It provided that dependents Emd house­ of the taxpayer is appointed. returned to such otllcer within thirty days hold and personal effects of persons covered Such due date is prescribed subject to the after the date of enactment of this Act. by the bill who are otllcially reported as killed power of the Commissioner of Internal Rev­ "SEC. 17. The existing project for the Great or missing in action as a result of military or enue to extend the time for filing such return Lakes and connecting cha.nnels is modified naval operation may be moved at Govern­ or paying such tax, as in other cases, and to to provide for a new lock about eight hun­ ment expense to such locations as the head of assess and collect the tax as provided in sec­ dred feet long, eighty feet wide, and thirty the Department concerned may consider tions 146, 273, and 274 of the Internal Rev­ feet deep, at Saint Marys Falls Canal, Mich­ necessary. enue Code in cases in which such assessment igan, together with suitable approaches (5) It struck out of the House bill the sec­ or collection is jeopardized and in cases of thereto, said lock to replace the present tion which provided that the head of the . bankruptcy or receivership. For the purpose Weitzel lock and approaches, all in accord­ department concerned was authorized to set­ of this section, the term "continental United ance with the recommendations contained tle the accounts of persons covered by the States" means the States and the District of In House Document Numbered 218, Seventy­ bill and that such settlement should be con­ Columbia, and the terms "individual" or seventh Congress, first session. clusive upon the accounting officers of the "member•· o! the military or naval forces of "This improvement is hereby adopted and Government in effecting settlements of the the United States means any person in the authorized and shall be prosecuted in the in­ accounts of disbursing otllcers. Army of the United States, the United States terest of national defense under the direction (6) It provided for a modification of the Navy, the Marine Corps, the Army or Navy of the Secretary of War and supervision of existing project for the Great Lakes so as to Nurse Corps (female), the Coast Guard, the the Chief of Engineers, subject to the con­ pro-vide for a new lock at St. Mary's Falls Coast and Geodetic Survey, or the Public ditions set forth In said document. Canal, Mich. Health Service. (7) It provided for a 20 per centum in­ "SEc. 18. Hereafter the base pay of any crease in the base pay, in the case of P-nlisted "SEc. 14. The provisions of this Act, ap­ enlisted man, warrant otllcer,. or nurse men, warrant officers, and nurses (female), plicablt: to persons in the hands of an enemy, (female) in the military or naval forces of and 10 per centum in the base pay in the shall also apply to any person beleaguered the United States shall be increased by 20 case of commissioned officers, for any period or besieged by enemy forces. per centum and the base pay of any commis­ of service while on sea duty or on duty in any "SEc. 15. This Act, except sections 13, 16, sioned otllcer in such forces shall be increased place beyond the .continental limits of the 17, and 18, shall be effective fro~ September by 10 per centum for any period of service United States, or in Alaska 8, 1939, and shall remain in effect until the while on sea duty, or duty in any place be­ ( 8) It repealed so much of section 3 of the termination of the present war with Ger­ yond the continental limits of the United Civil Service Retirement Act of 1930 as made many, Italy, and Japan, as proclaimed by States or in Alaska, which increases in pay elective officers and heads of departments the President, and for twelve months there­ shall be in addition to pay and allowances eligible to the annuities provided in that act. after. as now authorized: Provided, That the per The conference agreement contains the ''SEc. 16. (a) The last sentence of subsec­ centum increases herein authorized shall be provisions of the Senate amendment de· tion (c) of the first section of the Civil Serv­ included in computing increases in pay for scribed above in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and ice Retirement Act, approved May 29, 1930, aviation and submarine ·duty: Provided fur­ ( 4). The conference agreement also con­ as amended, is amended by skiking out "any ther, That thi~ section shall be effective from tains the provisions described above in para­ elective otllcer,". December 7, 1941, and shall cease to be in graph ( 5) , which was stricken from the House (b) Subsection (a) of section 2 of such effect twelve months after the termination of bill by the Senate amendment. The provi­ Act of May 29, 1930, as amended, is amended the present war is proclaimed by the sion of the Senate amendment providing for by striking out ": Provided, however, That President.'' an increase in base pay for sea duty and for .no provision of this or any other Act relat­ And the Senate agree to the same. service outside the United States is also con­ ir.g to automatic separation from the service That the House recede from its disagree­ tained in the conference agreement in an shall have any application whatever to any ment to the amendment of the Senate to the administratively workable form, but its ap­ elective officer". title of the bill and agree to the same. plication is limited .to the period beginning " (c) Subsection (a) of section 3 of such CARL VINSON, December 7, 1941, and terminating twelve Act of May 29, 1930, as amended, is amended P. H. DREWRY, months after the war. The conference agree· to read as follows: MELVIN J. MAAS, ment also contains the provisions of the " ' (a) This Act shall apply to all officers Managers on the part of the House. Senate amendment providing for a new lock and employees in or under the executive, at St. Mary's Falls Canal, Mich. judicial, and legislative branches of the DAVID I. WALSH, M. E. TYDINGS, The provisions of the conference agree­ United States Government, and to all officers ment with respect to the Civil Service Retire;, and employees of the municipal government JAMES J . DAVIS, Managers on the part of the Senate. ment Act are, except in one respect, the same of the District of Columbia, except elective as the Senate amendment, in that they ex­ officers and heads of e,?ecutive departments: STATEMENT clude from the coverage of the Retirement Provided, That this Act shall not apply to Act the President, the Vice President, Mem­ any such officer or employee of the United The managers on the part ·of the House bers of the Senate and House, and heads of States or of the municipal government of the at the conference on the disagreeing votes of departments. District of Columbia subject to another re­ the two Houses on the amendment of the "Department" is defined tl the first sec­ tirement system for such otllcers and em­ Senate to the bill (H. R. 6446) to provide for tion of the conference agreement to include ployees of such governments: Provided fur­ continuing payment• of pay and allowances the executive departments, independent es­ ther, That this Act shall not apply to any of personnel of the Army, Navy, Marine tablishments, and agencies (including Gov­ officer or employee in the legislative branch Corps, and Coast Guard, including the re­ ernment corporations) in the Executive of the Government within the classes of of­ tired and Reserve components thereof, and branch of the Government, and it is the ficers and employees which were made eli· civilian employees of the War and Navy De­ heads of depar.tments, as so defined, which gible for the benefits of this Act by the Act partments, during periods of absence from are thus excluded. of July 13, 1937, until he gives notice in writ­ post of dqty, and for other purposes, submit The provisions of the Senate amendment ing to the disbursing otllcer by whom his the fo!lowing statement in explanation of prohibiting the payment of retirement bene­ salary is paid, of his desire to come within the effect of the action agreed upon by the fits to any person for any period during which the purview of this Act; and any officer or conferees and recommended in the accom- such person is receiving any benefits under employee within such classes may, within panying conference report: · a retirement system .of any State, is omitted sixty days after January 24, 1942, withdraw The Senate amendment differed substanti­ from the conference agreement. from the purview of this Act by giving sim­ ally from the House bill in the following CARL VINSON, ilar notice of such desire. In the case of any particulars : P. H, DREWRY, officer or employee in the service of the legis­ (1) It extended the bill to include officers MELVIN J. MAAS, lative branch of the Government on January of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Manager~ on the part of the House. 24, 1942, such notice of desire to come within Public Health Service, and civilian personnel ·the purview of this Act must be given within of the various Government departments the calendar year 1942. In the case of any serving outside the continental limits of the Mr. VINSON of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, officer or employee of the legislative branch United States, who have been reported· as so that the Members may thoroughly un· of the Government who enters the service missing, miss~ng in action, interned in a neu­ derstand what is going on and everybody after January 24; 1942, such notice of desire tral country, or captured by an enemy, and ·be fully apprised· of the situation, I ask to come within the purview of this Act must who are not presumed to be deaa or deserted, your indulgence while I explain the ~728 CONGR·ESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 27 action of your conferees in regard to H. R. the section was reinserted. The section the payment of a hundred dollars· a 6446. You will recall that when this bill struck out dealt with giving the NavY and month to those dependents? · _ was presented to the House it was a Navy the War Department exclusive jurisdic­ · Mr. VINSON of Georgia. That is cor­ bill dealing with taking care of the fami­ tion of determining a new roll that may rect. The dependents of every civilian lies of sailors and soldiers who have been be made up after a ship has been· sunk who was captured at Wake is paid $100 a captured or interned, or who are missing. ' and the roll is lost or after a company month, and the Navy Department has When the bill reached the Senate three roll has been destroyed. Under our view, set aside $5,000,000 for the purpose of separate amendments were added. One and according to the view of the military supporting their dependents. I d9 :sot of them is known as the Byrd amend­ authorities, the establishment of that know whether the Congress sl}ould go ment, the second is known as the Brown roll should be conclusive. The Senate one step further and say to that civilian·, amendment, and the third is known as did not agree with us in the first instance, "We are going to pay your full salary the Clark amendment. but I am happy to say that in the con­ while you. are interned or while you are I think it important to call the atten­ ference the Senate recedes and adopted in captivity." tion of the House to the difference be­ the viewpoint that whatever roll the Mr. HINSHAW. I have a bill pending tween the House bill and the Senate bill Army or Navy established, it is final and before the gentleman's committee pro­ with reference to the naval phase of it conclusive on the Accounting Office of the viding for payment of two-thirds of that over which we had original jurisdiction. Government. salary. _ Bear in mind that all of these other That covers everything with reference Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. What things were dumped on this naval bill to the Navy end of the bill. I may say benefits are conferred under the bill to . because it was floating around over in that in debate in the Senate a question those serving beyond the continental lim­ the Senate. The change between the was asked if this bill applied to the 1,000 its of the United States? House bill and the bill as sent back by workers captured at Wake. It does not Mr. HARE. Does the gentleman mean the Senate with reference to naval mat­ apply to any of those men who were cap­ to convey the idea that, if a civilian em­ ters are in five different respects. These tured at Wake, because a bill that we . ployee is captured, every member of his are the changes: It extends the bill to passed on February 6 takes care of those family will get a hundred dollars a include officers of the Coast and Geo­ people's.dependents. The Navy Depart­ month? detic Survey, the Public Health Service, ment has already set aside $5,000,000 to Mr. VINSON of Georgia. No; not at and the civilian personnel in various meet the emergency of those people. In · all. If a civilian employee of the Gov­ Government departments serving out­ my opinion, it has become necessary to ernment is captured-and 13 of them side the continental limits of the United have further legislation to do justice to were captured-under this bill his salary States. these civilian employees of the ·contractor goes right along, just as if he were doing When we had the bill before us we only by the Naval Affairs Committees of the the work for the Government. However, dealt with the Army and Navy. The Sen-. House and Senate, and those two com­ there is nothing in this bill to pay the ate, however, has included in this the mittees will give the matter considera­ contractor's employees, because that was Coast and Geodetic Survey, the _Public tion. dealt with in a bill passed on Febru~ry 6. Health Service, and civilian personnel of Mr. ANDREWS. Will the gentleman Under that arrangement we are giving to the various departments, such as the yield? the family of each such employee $100 to Treasury Department. There were some Mr. VINSON of Georgia. I yield to the support that family while the head of the 13 or 14 employees of the Treasury De­ gentleman from New York. . _family is interned, probably, in Shanghai partment who' were captured and are Mr. ANDREWS, As I recall it, a sol­ or somewhere else. now interned· when Cavite and Manila -dier or sailor, insofar as a mortgage is Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. were seized. That is how far and to concerned, is covered by the Soldiers and Speaker, will the gentleman yield? whom it applies. Sailors' Relief Act. What about a civil­ Mr. VINSON of Georgia. I yield to It also provides that the pay of missing ian, is he covered on a mortgage? the gentlewoman from Massachusetts. persons may be allotted to pay the premi­ Mr. VINSON of Georgia·. If he had Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. What ums on all types of life -insurance, instead given a mortgage to some private con­ will be done for the families of the sol- of just Government policies. When the cern, we do not deal with that. He is diers? · bill was considered by the House we con':" protected under the Draft Act. Mr. VINSON of Georgia. I may say fined it entirely to taking a part of the Mr. HINSHAW. Will the gentleman to the gentlewoman that that is the very enlisted man's money and ·paying his yield? purpose of this bill. Government insurance. The Senate has Mr. VINSON of Georgia. I yield to the Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. That amended it to include the payment of gentleman from California. . is what I understood. .any private contract insurance that he Mr. HINSHAW. Would the gentleman Mr. VINSON of Georgia. If he has may have had. · state how he personaUy feels with refer­ not made any ·allotment, then the Gov­ It extends a provision of the bill with ence to what should be done in the future ernment can step in and, based upon regard to deferment for a limited period for these civilians who were on Wake or the pay he was drawing, can give it all of time to the payment of Federal income Guam Islands? to support his family. That is the pur­ taxes to include civilian employees and Mr. VINSON of Georgia. Well, it is a pose of the bill. officers of the Government. We merely very doubtful question as to what is the Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Will confined it to the Army and Navy with proper·thing to do. We have adopted the it give any more than that? reference to income tax returns, but this policy here of paying a civilian employee Mr. VINSON of Georgia. Not any extends it to civilians who may be out­ who is captured his pay right straight more than what he was earning. side the continental limits of the United along just like we do with an Army or Mr. Speaker, I think this covers every­ States. Navy man who is captured. His pay runs thing with reference to the NavY. We made no recommendation with re­ along. I do not know whether or not we Another provision placed in this bill gard to household effects. The senate should adopt the policy that a man who was to give to the officers and enlisted put a new provision in it providing that is employed by a contractor, and who may men of the armed forces a 10-percent the household effects of dependents killed be captured, and making three or four and a 20-percent increase in pay for or missing in action as the result of mili­ hundred dollars a month, and who may serving outside the continental limits of tary or naval operations may be moved be interned for a period of 12 months or the United States. The Senate agreed at Government expense. That was a new longer, should be paid his salary or wages to the House interpretation of that sec­ thought that was put in the bill by the by the Government during the time he is tion. When the bill passed the House Senate. In other words, if the main sup­ in captivity. We have already said that no such provision was in the bill. Sena­ port of a family, a husband, for instance, we will take care of his dependents. That tor CLARK of Missouri offered an amend­ has been killed and the wife desires to is as far as we can go on that question ment having the same effect as a law in move her personal effects to-some other just at this time, because it is a new one effect during the World War under place, then the Government pays for the that we have to reach a decision on only which soldiers and sailors serving out­ removal of the personal effects. after·careful consideration. · side the continental limits of the United · The Senate struck out a section known Mr. HINSHAW. ·As I · understand it, States _got an increase amounting to 20 as section 12 of the bill, but in conference the Navy Department i.s now a.uthorizins percent of their' base pay in the case of 1942 • > CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1729 enlisted men and 10 percent in the case·· lations 13oard, the Home. Loan 'Bank . Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Does the gentle­ of officers . . We rewrote the amendment , Boar_d, the Federal Power Commission, man have any estimate of the amount of in conference to make it administrative­ the Interstate Commerce Commission, the pay roll that will be involved in this ly workable. · That is all in regard to the Maritime Commission, the· Board of group which the gentleman defines as that. Directors of the Tennessee Valley Au­ executive heads, and so forth? Senator BROWN offered an amendment thority, the Board of Directors of the Mr. VINSON· of Georgia. I have seen with reference to the Soo locks; a very Reconstruction Finance Corporation, the ~tatement, .and I read the hearings important amendment, and I am glad to and other Government corporations. before the Civil Service Commission, and state to the House that we accepted that The term "heads of departments" also it said to administer the law would have amendment. includes heads of the defense agencies cost about $19,000,000. The gentleman This brings us down to the much-dis­ like the 0. C. D., the War Production from Ohio has figures going to show it cussed civil-service amendment, known Board, the Board of Economic Warfare, will cost about $68,000,000. I do not know as the Byrd amendment, and I want the the Office for Emergency Management, what it is going to cost; I was trying to House to listen to what I have to say the Office of Price Administration, and get at the new coverage and eliminate with reference to that. the like. them, but I could not do so under the With reference to the Civil Service All of that group falls under our classi­ parliamentary situation. • Retirement Act, the conference agree­ fication "heads of departments," and Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Maybe the gen­ ment follows the provisions of the Senate therefore they are excluded from the tleman does not quite understand my amendment, except in two respects: benefits of tne Retirement Act. question. First. That provision of the Senate Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, will the Mr. VINSON of Georgia. Yes; I un­ amendment which prohibited an em­ gentleman yield? derstand the gentleman's question. ployee from receiving on retirement any Mr. VINSON of Georgia. I yield to Mr. SMITH of Ohio. I merely wish to benefits from the civil-service retirement know what the pay roll will likely be of the gentleman from Michigan. the group that will be excluded under fund during any Period during which he . Mr. DONDERO. Does it include of­ is receiving retirement benefits from any your definition of executive heads. ficials of the various States nominated Mr . . VINSON of Georgia. No; of State or political subdivision thereof. is or appointed under theW. P. A. agency o:mitted from the conference agreement. course, I have not figured that out. · of the Government? Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Does the gen­ There are many employ€es who were Mr. VINSON of Georgia. If he comes State employees prior to their Federal tleman have any idea of the approximate within the group that is classified as amount? serv:ca, and these employees have made heads of departments, he is excluded. payments both into the State fund and Mr. VINSON of Georgia. I have not. This is what your conferees tried to Mr. SMITH of Ohio. It would not be the ~ederal fund. It seemed to the con­ do, and I think we were backed by the very much compared with the total cost ferees unfair to deprive these employees sentiment of the House. of the Federal benefits for which they involved in blanketing in under the have paid a portion of their salary each It was the intention of the conferees Ramspeck Act the 250,000 appointive montq simply because they have also on the part of the House to bring back to officers, would it? paid for the benefits they are receiving the House a conference report under Mr. VINSON of Georgia. Anyhow, it from a State fund. which the coverage of the Civil Service reaches that group of officials whose There are probably only four States in Retirement Act would be restored to ex­ salaries are over or around $9,000. actly what it was prior to the enactment Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Let me ask the th~ Union that have a retirement law, of the ,act of January 24 and we had pre­ gentleman one more question. This con­ the State of New· York, the State of pared an amendment to that effect which N01;th Carolina, and probably one or two ference report, as I understand, excludes was tentatively' agreed to· by the con­ the pcssibility of eliminating the im­ other States which I do not now recall. ferees on the part of the Senate. After The conferees struck out that provision mense group that was blanketed in under showing this amendment to the Parlia­ the Ramspeck Act. and said that . if these employees who mentarian of the House, however, I was worked for the States before they came Mr. VINSON of Georgia. We could advised that it was beyond the powers of not do that. That is what the conferees into the Government service were mak­ the conferees and that they were limited ing payments and thus were included wanted to do, but the conferees could not to dealing with the changes that the Sen­ do that under the parliamentary situa­ under the prior retirement acts, they can ate amendment had made in existing law. continue to make their payments as they tion. Therefore, we merely broadened I was hopeful that we might bring back wJ;lat was meant by heads of executive have done in the past. the coverage as it was before January 24, S:;cond. The conference agreement departments, and· I have read you a but we could not do that under the parlia­ partial list of those heads that cannot clarifies the meaning of the term "heads mentary situation, for it would have been of. departments" as that term is used to participate in this retirement. subject to a point of order. However, if the conferees could have describe ·a class of officers who are not Mr. Speaker, that covers all the ex­ to be entitled to the benefits of the Re­ eliminated all of the 285,000 people cov­ planation I have to submit~ If there are ered by the act of January 24, 1942, most tirEment Act. The first section of the bill any questions, I yield now. deijnes the term "department'' when of them .would have come under the re­ used in the bill, including such term Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, tirement law within the next 18 months, when used in the amendment made to will the gentleman yield? because they will be classified as civil­ the Civil Service Retirement Act, to Mr. VINSON of Georgia. I yield to the service employees under the civil-service mean any executive department, inde­ gentleman from New York. extension law passed in 1940. . pendent establishment, or agency-in­ Mr. COLE of New York. Referring to Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Accordingly it cluding Government corporations-of commissions, such as the Securities and appears, then, that the conferees were the Federal Government. Thus, under Exchange Commission and the Board of willing to repeal the provision that blan­ t.he Senate amendment, not only are the Tax Appeals, does the provision referred kets in those 250,000. President and his Cabinet, the Vice to cover just the head of that Commis­ Mr. VINSON of Georgia. That is President., and Members of the Senate sion or all the members of the Coinmis- right. · and House excluded from the coverage of ~on? · Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Then the gentle­ the Retirement Act .but also the heads Mr. VINSON of Georgia. While you man would join in repealing pensions for of agencies like the Federal Security have· a .Chairman of the Commission or this group of 250,000? · Agency, the Federal Works Agency, the Board, yet the whole Board constitutes Mr. VINSON of Georgia. I may say Federal Loan Agency, and like agencies. the head, and there is no doubt that'i am that, so far as I am individually con­ The same is true of members of commis­ correct on this because we went into that cerned, I would not extend the coverage sions and boards, such as the S:=curities very question. · to anybody beyond January 24. and Exchange. c ·ommission, the Employ­ Mr. SMITH of Ohio. _ Mr. $peaker, will Mr. SMITH of Ohio. That is, after ees Compensation .Commission, the the gentleman yield~ the time the bill passed. Cpminunications Commission, the Board Mr. VINSON of Georgia. . I ,yield to Mr. VINSON of Georgia. And I mean of "I:ax: AppealS, th.e National Labor· Re- the. gentleman fr.Qm .Ohio. I wo:uld stop there and would not have 1730 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-l;IOUSE FEBRUARY 27 enacted the new bill. May I say in this Congressmen, it would also include a amend Subtitle-Insurance of title II of connection that I am trying to explain provision which would cover in, under the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, as this report so that no Member will be the law, an additional number, some­ amended

the field. I have one pair of shoes, socks, The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Mr. BULWINKLE. Of the laws th~t it and coveralls to my name. Well, I must close North.Carolina is recognized for 5 min­ suspends . . now. Lord knows when I'll be able to 'Write utes. Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Every section again. I love you both and I'll see you soon. Mr. BULWINKLE. Mr. Chairman, I that fixes hours and wages. (b) It. sus­ JACK. rise at this time to ask the gentleman pends that part which requires compen­ Mr. Chairman, . I ask unanimous con­ from Virginia, the author of the amend- . sation at a .higher wage than usually paid sent to revise and extend my remarks. · ment, if he will give me the sections of by an employer. The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the Communications Act of 1934 .which Mr. BULWINKLE. What section is it is so ordered. his amendment attempts to repeal or that, sir? , · There was no objection. suspend. Mr. SMITH. of Virginia. That is sec­ Mr. CASEY of Massachusetts. Mr. Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Chair­ tion (b) of the amendment, section No.1. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? man, will the gentleman yield? Mr. BULWINKLE . . Of the original Mr. HINSHAW. I yield. Mr. BULWINKLE. I yield. Communications Act. That is what I am Mr. CASEY of Massachusetts. Does Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I take ex­ trying to get. . -the gentleman think the passage of this ception to the gentleman's Use of the Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I do not know Smith amendment would expedite pro­ word "repeal," because it· does not repeal what it is, and it is not material what . duction at the Lockheed plant which was any .provision of law; it merely suspends · section number it is . . mentioned in the letter?· -them during the emergency. Mr. BULWINKLE. It is not? Mr. HINSHAW. I am not attempting, Mr. BULWINKLE. I said "or sus­ Mr. SMITH of Virginia. No; of course at this point, to discuss the Smith amend­ . pend." it is not . ment. I merely offer this view of the Mr. SMITH of Virginia.· The gentle­ Mr. KEEFE . . I can tell the gentleman. ordinary soldier, who is doing the actual man will find in the RECORD of day before Mr. BULWINKLE. Does not the gen­ fighting and dying. I hope the Lockheed yesterday a full and complete reference tleman think it is material to the mem­ plant will continue as it is now, producing to all laws sought to be suspended. bership that it should know what is to be ·far in excess of its schedule. It is far Mr. BULWINKLE. I am asking the repealed, what we are acting on? ahead of its program, all of which would gentleman now if he can state to me that Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I am certain be good news to the writer of that letter particular section? · I do not follow the. gentleman. Will the if .he could but hear it. Mr. SMITH of Virginia. If the gen­ gentleman yield further? Mr. CASEY of Massachusetts. That is tleman will yield further, if he will read Mr. BULWINKLE. There is a gentle­ what it is doing at the present time with­ the provisions of H. R. 6616, which is this man over here who says he knows which out the Smith amendment? amendment, he will find exactly what is section of the law it repeals. I would Mr. HINSHAW. Yes. In fact, they are· suspended. No law is suspended in toto. like for him to tell me. so far ahead of schedule that it has been Mr. BULWINKLE. I am asking the Mr. KEEFE. - It is perfectly obvious found necessary temporarily for them to gentleman again if he can and will tell that any law or any sections of the Com­ .drop back to the 5-day week in order to the Committee what portion of the act munications Act are only the sections give their subcontractors and material of July 21, 1932, which applies· to the that are touched in the particular speci­ supply men time to catch up. Reconstruction Flnance Corporation is .fied in the Smith amendment. It seems Mr. Chairman, as I read the Smith suspended? to me that we ought to get down to some amendment, it does not affect any of the · .Mr. SMITH cf Virginia. And I reply real argument in connection with this rights of collective bargaining, and, in again to the gentleman that if he will matter instead of being capricious and fact, it has very little effect, if any, upon look at the extension of remarks which I captious about it. Anyone who has read wage-and-hour agreements now in force. put in the RECORD day before yesterday ·this law knows what is in it. · I doubt that it can have any force or ef­ .he will find that out. Mr. BULWINKLE. Has the gentle­ fect upon any contract now existing be­ ·Mr. BULWINKLE. May I inquire of man read the original law to know what tween an employer and his employees. the gentleman: Does he not know what he is repealing? · Consequently it can only affect the em­ ·he n:peals? Mr. KEEFE. I will tell the gentleman ployment conditions of that great body· of Mr. SMITH of Virginia. If the gen;;. in a few. minutes when I take the floor, workers, unorganized, who have no con­ tleman is not going to allow me to answer and I will not take pp a lot of foolish time, tracts with their employers, and these his question, I cannot ·enlighten him. either. workers are not employed to any great Mr. BULWINKLE. I am asking the Mr. BULWINKLE. I will gl.ve the gen­ extent in defense industries.- I believe the gentleman for information. tleman time now if he will tell me. amendment is intended by its author to Mr. SMITH of Virginia. If the gen­ Mr. HEALEY. Will the gentleman prevent the payment of time and one­ tleman will permit me to answer, I will. yield? . half and double time to employees in de­ Mr. BULWINKLE. I yield to the gen~ .fense industries when they work over"" Mr. BULWINKLE. Answer. That is . tleman .from Massachu·setts. · time or on Sundays or holidays, but these what I am trying to get. Mr. HEALEY. Does the gentleman provisions exist in contracts or agree­ · Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I cannot an-· think it is good ·legiSlative practice to ·ments between workers and employers in s,wer if the gentleman persists in fnter­ attempt to suspend or repeal a section defense _industries. I doubt that any law ·rupting me. of law .without referring specifically to .we could pass could abridge .those con­ Mr. .B'ULWINKLE. Go ahead, sir. 'the section? · tracts. If that be true, then this amend­ . Mr. SMITH of Virginia·. I set forth in Mr. BULWINKLE. No; I do not; and ment merely opens up to exploitatiqn that my extension of remarks the laws that 'that "is the very reason why I speak before great body of workers not wox:king under are affected. Now, in a few · minutes' -the Committee now, because, with 435 wage-and-hour contracts and not em­ time, if the gentleman ·has not had tinie ·Members . on the ·fioor of the House, ployed in defense industries. to read it by thim, I can answer his ques- · some information ought to ·be given. . I Mr. Chairman, the ·ramifications and tion turther. I cannot offhand. · : listened to the speech of . the gentleman far-reaching effects of this amendment . Mr. BULWINKLE. Cannot the gen­ from Virginia yesterday, and not one should be carefully studied by a commit­ .tleman tell me what part of the Com­ word was stated pointing out the par._ tee of this House, and a carefully·thought­ .municatiqns A,ct it suspends? ticular sections in any act which it .was out measure submitted before I care to Mr. SMITH of Virginia. If the gentle­ attempted to repeal. vote on the questions involved. I shall; man will yield, it would not be necessary Mr. McCORMACK. Will the gentle­ therefore, vote against this amendment, for me to tell him if the gentleman would m~n yield? while recognizing that there are great -read the amendment, which is this: It Mr. BULWINKLE. I yield to the gen­ questions here yet to be solved. suspends that part of each one of those tleman from Massachusetts. Mr. BULWINKLE rose. laws which prescribes maximum hours, Mr. McCORMACK. May I call · the The CHAIRMAN. For what purpose days, or weeks of labor. attention of the gentleman from Wis­ does the gentleman from North Carolina .. Mr. BULWINKLE. · What are the sec­ consin [Mr. KEEFE] ·to the fact that the rise? tion numbers?- . gentleman from North Carolina ~ [Mr. Mr. BULWINKLE. In opposition·to the Mr. SMITH of Virginia . . Section num­ BuLwiNKL'El--is one of-the most hono~­ amendment. bers of what? able Members of the House and very sel- 1942 :CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1739 dom bothers the House by taking ·up its Mr. CASE of South -Dakota. Mr. -the A. F. of L., and not the men who are time. Chairman, I m~rely wish to -observe that members of the brotherhoods, because Mr. BULWINKLE. I thank the gen- as I heard the proposed substitute amend­ they have existing contracts they have tleman. _ ment read it deals with the same subject negotiated which guarantee them time Mr. WHITTINGTON. . Will the gen­ . as the Smith amendment and does not and a half for overtime. Therefore, who . tleman yield? expand the scope of the Smith amend­ would the amendment affect? It would Mr. BULWINKLE. I yield to the gen­ _ment. It has modified rather than ex­ affect those who- toil and are not cov­ tleman from Mississippi. panded it. If that is true, it is germane ered by existing union contracts, those Mr. WHITTINGTON. Is it not true and the question of germaneness would who need our help, those who are not that if there is no provision of the Com­ rest upon the same grounds as the Chair getting high wages. munications Act of 1934 respecting hours held the Smith amendment germane yes­ Mr. Henderson testified before a com­ or respecting compensation that act will terday. mittee recently that two-thirds of the not in anywise be repealed by this The CHAIRMAN es gentleman has very well stated the case. LEY of Pennsylvania, WASIELEWSKI, not kilow whether he is going to make In addition to doing nothing to stimulate DOWNS, FOGARTY, COFFEE of Nebraska, the same speech all over again or ·not. the flow of production, the passage of SAOKS, ELIOT of Massachusetts, HARE, Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Chairman, did this Smith amendment will throw into McGRANERY, THOM, KERR, MASON, CRAW­ the vote taken a moment ago preclude the field of bargaining between employer FORD, MURDOCK, JOHNSON of West Vir­ substitutes for the pending amendment? a.nd employee the question of time and a ginia, SUMNERS of Texas, BUTLER, RoB­ The CHAIRMAN. It does not pre­ half. What a field of contention and SION of Kentucky, and CLASON. clude the offering of substitutes. It only strikes that will be. The Chair now inquires whether the fixed time on debate on the pending Mr. KEEFE. Exactly. Now let me say name of any Member seeking recognition amendment and all amendments thereto. this also to the Members of this body: on this amendment and who was stand­ Mr. MURDOCK. It does not preclude We are going to have to deal with this ing has been omitted. the offering of a substitute amendment? problem. We are not going to just shift Mr. GIDSON. Mr. Chairman, i de­ The CHAffiMAN. The motion did not the responsibility. The public of the sire to be heard on the amendment. preclude that. United States are demanding that we deal The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman's Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Chair­ with this problem. Merely to offer this name will be added to the list. man, I was on my feet when a notat!on ·amendment and send out word to the Mr. WHITE. Mr. Chairman, I was on was made of the Members who desired to public that the adoption of this amend­ my feet seeking recognition. · speak. ·ment deals with the problem is to me . The CHAIRMAN. The name of the The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman's demonstrating the impotence of Congress. gentleman from Idaho [Mr. WHITE] will name does not appear on the list. Does We must deal with this problem effec­ he desire to be recordeq as seeking recog­ tively and encourage the patriotic work­ be added . . nition on the pending amendment? ers to drive from their midst the rack­ Mr. BRADLEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully request that the Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Yes. eteers and alien leaders who would slow The CHAIRMAN. There are 34 names up or destroy our productive effort. Chair take my name from the list. The time to be allotted to each Member will on the list. This will mean 2% minutes Remember labor must do this job. for each Member. The gentleman from Generally it is responding to the country's not be sufficient for any data to be pre­ sented. Pennsylvania [Mr. WRIGHT] is recognized. call. The rank and file of labor want to Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Chairman, I have get rid of the racketeers in their midst. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman's noticed recently that most of our labor Let us help them do it. I am sure that name will be taken otr the list. legislation has obtained its principal sup­ with the support of the people and the Does any other gentleman desire his port from the agricultl,lral -sections. Congress the rank and file of labor itself name to be taken from the list? (After Those ·gentlemen who wish to legislate on will carry on the fight to stop any effort a pause.] The Chair hears no response. the problems of the workers in mills and that slows up production. · Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. . Mr. Chair­ factories in the main have no mills or [Here the gavel fell.] man, the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. factories in their districts. I wonder if a Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Mr. Chair­ McLAUGHLIN] is momentarily absent. I more intimate knowledge of industrial · man, we have taken a lot of time on this do not know whether he desires recog­ relations, of their history and background, amendment. ·I would like to see if we nition on this amendment, but I would and of. their more recent trends, would cannot determine upon time for debate. like a place reserved for him, if possible. not move some of the gentlemen from I would like to know · how many gentle­ The CHAffiMAN. The name of the their present position. Such a knowl­ men wish to be heard. gentleman · from Nebraska [Mr. Mc­ ·edge cannot be obtained entirely from · The CHAIRMAN. If the gentleman ·LA UGHLIN J will be added to the list~ - the press or even from testimony adduced will indulge the Chair, when the first ef­ Mr. HARE. Mr. Chairman, a parlia:.. before a legislative committee. It is al­ 'fort was made to limit debate 16 Members mentary inquiry. most necessary to live among these prob- 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1743 lems, to discuss them with the workers, selves to a day of 8 hours. What this of fascism which we are seeking to over­ with their chosen representatives, and amendment will do is to unfairly discrim­ throw by force of arms and production. with representatives of their employers. inate against them when their employ­ This amendment is not only antilabor, it I think the gentlemen would find that ers are left untouched. For Congress, is contrary to the best interest of the war these problems are not as simple of solu­ without any hearings, with no show of effort, it establishes in America the doc­ tion as they would like to think. necessity to pass this ill-considered trine of vicious Vichyism, a Fascist doc­ I come, as you know, from the very amendment in the heat of debate, would, trine that led to the conquest of France. center of the heavy-steel industry. The I am confident, profoundly disrupt both This is a peoples' war and the people mills and mines and factories of the morale and production. will not permit the exploitation of Amer­ Pittsburgh district are already operating There is another method to win this ican labor. at such a peak capacity that the Govern­ war-the democratic method of volun­ [Hare the gavel fell.] ment has found it necessary to order the tary cooperation. Let us not abandon The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman construction of vast new plants so that democracy in our effort to preserve it. from Michigan [Mr. HOFFMAN] is recog­ war production may be again and -again Let us not be deceived that despotism is nized for two ·and a half minutes. increased. Work stoppages by reason of more efficient than liberty. Admittedly Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, with­ labor disputes have been insignificant in it has taken us precious time to get under out bitterness, unreasonableness, or per­ our mills. This has been recognized by way. Admittedly the. division of senti­ sonal animosity, come, let us reason the Navy, which has awarded the out­ ment throughout the country has delayed together. standing performance of both manage­ our war effort but we are at last united Whenever legislation of this kind is ment and workers by conferring upon and geared for production. This delay brought before the House it is met by a several of our mills the Navy "E," and has not been all loss. We have gained certain well-defined group with at least· another such award will shortly be made scmething precious and of the spirit. We three arguments: · to a shipbuilding concern in this area, the have finally as a people arrived at the First. It is charged with being spon­ Dravo Corporation. firm and unalterable conviction that this sored by antilabor, labor-baiting Mem­ The workers are a hardy, self-respect­ war is not the President's war, not the bers and interests. ing lot. They have won literally by hun­ Army's war, but the personal war of every Second. That the occasion on which it ·ger and bloodshed over a period of gen­ American. We will each of us fight it is offered and the manner of procedure erations certain fundamental economic according to our station and to our best is neither the proper time nor method, rights, without which to them political ability to the final extinction of the and that, while its objective may possibly rights are an empty shell. Important enemy who would enslave us. Let· us not ·be good, some other occasion, some other among these are the right of collective destroy that spirit in the American way, should be found. bargaining and the right to a basic 8- people. Third. It is always contended that the hour day. These guaranties are the The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ result of the legislation will deprive the workers' only protection against a recur­ rJzes the gentleman from New York [Mr. American worker of some fundamental rence of the old industrial peonage from MARCANTONIO]. right. which they have emerged. To them these Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Chairman, First. The charge yesterday so ve­ ·benefits are a fundamental part of that it is very significant that the pending . hemently made that .these amendments free America in which they live and for amendment is offered and supported by were introduced and sponsored by labor­ which they would gladly die. They are those who opposed labor-protecting legis­ baiting, antilabor Congressmen rests jealous of these rights and will resent any lation in peacetimes. They sought to upon the false assumption that only self­ effort to destroy them. They are suspi­ defeat such legislation then, and now use appointed spokesmen who oppose legis­ cious of the motives underlying the con­ the war as a pretext to perpetuate the lation of this type are friends of labor. stant sniping to which these rights have exploitation of labor. · There is no more truth in that charge been subjected. They feel that such ef­ The argument has been made that pro­ than there would be in the charge which forts are prompted not so much by duction is restricted to a 40-hour week; I might make that the gentlemen from patriotism as by a reactionary antilabor This argument is dishonest. You must Massachusetts, Mr. McCoRMACK and Mr. philosophy which uses the war as a pre­ know that there is nothing under exist­ HEALEY, the Member from New Jersey, text to first temporarily and at last ing law which prevents workers from Mrs. NORTON, the gentleman from New permanently turn back the calendar to working for more than 40 hours a week.­ York, Mr. CELLER, are each and all the the dark ages of American industry. All that is required is payment of time spokesmen for, the mouthpieces of, union Certainly we are at war, certainly our and a half, which helps insure a living gangsters and politicians. first thought must be the winning of the wage, particularly at a time when the That charge, neither directly nor in­ war, certainly we must be prepared to cost of living is going up to extraordi­ ·directly, by innuendo or by insinuation, sacrifice our privileges-even, if need be, narily high levels. Hence, this legislation do I make. There is no foundation for our lives-to preserve our country. is advanced for only one purpose, and such a charge. Nor is there any more All of us plan first the winning of the that is to destroy the protection we have reason for the charge which some Mem­ war. We differ in our choice of methods. given labor against exploitation and at bers make that I and others whose phi­ One method is the conscription of labor the same time to increase the profits of losophy I follow are antilabor. by legislative and executive controls. those who are becoming enriched as a It is undoubtedly true that legislation That is Hitler's method. I hope to God result of this war situation. of this type is abhorrei)t to labor politi­ we never have to resort to it. If our posi­ We are not fighting a mere war, we ·cians, to· labor gangsters, and racketeers, tion becomes desperate we may have to are engaged in·an international civil war, to all those who use the name and the tell our men and women where they shall we are fighting an anti-Fascist war, and cause of labor as a false front behind work and for what hours and for what in order to win this war we need the sup­ which they carry on their own unfair, wages. The Government may have to port of the masses, of the workers, of -unlawful practices to further their own conscript industry and operate the mills the people not only of the United States, personal ends. So much for that. and factories without profit to the owner. but of Britain, India, China, Russia, and Second. Now, having reached the com­ But the workers will then under patriotic of various other parts of the world. If mon ground where we all accord to every leadership voluntarily submit themselves we adopt· the Smith amendment we shall Member of this body that sincerity and to the orders of their Government, in raise doubts in the-minds of the people right thinking which we all must possess the same manner as they have now vol­ of the world as to the character of the and exercise ·if .we are to be true repre­ untarily agreed that they will not strike war we are waging, because we will be sentatives of our people, let us turn to the regardless of provocation. adopting toward ·labor the same attitude ·argument that the procedure here today But we have not yet arrived at that that Fascist countries adopted toward is unusual. last-ditch st .d. Our plants are being labor. On the other hand, a defeat of The procedure is not that heretofore operated by their owners under contracts this amendment will be an assurance to customarily followed by the House of made with the Government and I have the masses of the people throughout the sending bills concerning certain topics to never heard it suggested that they are world that we are conducting a war certain committees organized to consider operating at a loss. against fascism,. that it is an anti-Fas­ them. , Whether or not this -amendment be cist struggle, and-that we refuse .to im­ It is, however, the procedure frequently passed our workers will not confine them- pose upon American labor the bondages followed in the other body. Moreover, 1744 CONGRESSIO:NAL RECO -RD~HOUSE this bill is a most unusual- -bill. It is an humble judgment, these - amendments and whiCli ·is intolerable, with which we omnibus wartime bill, and, as the Chair­ would, if pr~ented to· labor organiza­ are all familiar, the rising·tide of public man of the Committee of the Whole so tions, receive the overwhelming support indignation, which manifested its P<>wer appropriately stated yesterday, the title of the rank and file; the opposition of more than a year ago when this House ·and the provisions which it is sought to only the labor ·politicians, gangsters, and adopted, by a vote of 2 to 1, the Smith add to the bill by these amendments are racketeers. · amendments to the Wagner Act, \vill as germane to the title of the bill as are Any other conclusion, any other result, · overwhelm this Congress and sweep on any of the titles and provisions originally would be an indication that the organ­ to wipe out labor's gains of the last 50 contained in it. ized American workingman asserts his years. In one fell swoop, this bil1 takes from patriotism with a reservation, a string Just a few days ago this House, driven many of our citizens constitutional guar-­ attached to his declaration of loyalty; by the lash of public opinion, with com­ anties of protection heretofore enjoyed that he will work in defense of his coun­ plete loss of dignity, ran like a bunch by them. It will pass this House only be­ try but ~ certain numb2r of hours; and, of boys routed from a melon patch to cause of the great danger in which we if more than the prescribed number, only the bomb shelter of repeal of the so­ find ourselves and because we all realize if he receives additional COJI1.pensation. called Pensions for Congressmen Act. that there should and must be a central With that conclusion, I cannot agree. Let us profit by the lesson we then control of our war activities; that, in My argument is that those who assert learned and follow now the reasonable wartime: the rights of the citizen must that the average American worker is now demand of our constituents--of the work­ be submerged for the preservation of the insisting in this time of danger to his ingmen of America themselves-that Union. country that he be paid a wage and a we free them from the shackles which One Member, announcing his inten­ half or a double wage for necessary serv­ hinder them in rendering full patriotic tion of voting for·the bill, evidently re::>.T­ ice are completely mistal{en; that they service to their country in this, her hour . izing what he was doing, the rights of his unwittingly make the gravest and un­ of danger. ·constituents which he was voting to sur­ founded challenge to the patrioti~m-to The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ render, evidently from· the depths of his the loyalty--of a large group of our nlz3s the gentleman from Washington heart said; citizens. [Mr. COFFEE]. I hope and I believe that an all-wise Crea­ You cannot make me believe that the Mr. COFFEE of Washington. Mr. tor will forgive me for supporting much of American worker-a loyal union mem­ · Chairman, in my conception, the Smith the legislation passing the Congress in recent ber, who has a son in the Army;. Navy, amendment will eventuate in the same weeks. or Air Corps-will not work to su13ply sorry spectacle ·as was the aj:lliction of Third. The charge made by the Mem­ that boy with the things he needs unless France if allowed to become law and un­ ber from New Jersey [Mrs. NoRTON] that he is paid a premium for the extra hours. changed, and if relater bills to eviscerate the adoption of these amendments would Gladly and willingly will that American labor are considered and adopted. enslave the worker; the charge made by workingman-yes; and his wife and the France has often been cited as the hor­ others that the amendments were a di­ other members of his family-work rible example which we should shun. _ rect challenge to the patriotism of the throughout the day and far into the What happened in France? In J!lnll.­ American worker, are utterly without night in support of the absent one. ary and February of 1939, ~ _ months be­ foundation. Something was said yesterday in the fore her participation in World Wa'r No. As has been pointed out, these amend­ debate about the demand of the farmers 2, France embarked upon a program I;e­ ments do not repeal any law. They for special treatment. Do not be too markably simiJar to that for:eshadow~d merely suspend for the duration certain harsh on the farmers. They are no more by the Smith amendment, all corppo­ special privileges which have been greedy-no more self1Sh-than the rest nent parts of the fabric of fascism. The granted to a group or class of our popu­ of us. new French leaders clamped down on lation. For several years now the bureaucrats, organized labor; they extended the hours These amendments, if adopted, would r .' emulating Satan of old, have taken our of work; they cut out overtime pay; they not prevent the payment of a wage and · farmers up into the high places and have threw the liberals out of the French a half for overtime nor of double wages : .shown them the promised land of soil­ ·chamber of Deputies;, they established a for Sunday and holiday work. Now do · conservation payments, of parity legis­ dictators.hjp; they put Daladier in 'ip not forget that fact. lation, of special payments for this, that, March 1939. Six months later the Worl4 As the law stands today, no man can ~ and the other. War began, and 10 .months later France work overtime unless he is paid added , Some farmers, knowing full well that ·fell, a monument to the· stupidity and compensation. If he works in df!fense ' other individuals-other groups-have the lack of fores:·ght of hel.' totalitarian of his country more than a certain num­ received special consideration from the · ministers. Why? Because they de:­ ber of hours, it is a criminal offense if he Federal Government, being human, feel­ stroyed the spirit and the enthusiasm of be not paid, even though he does not ask, ing the pinch of poverty, swayed perhaps organized labor, which provided th~ te.m­ at a wage and a half for the overtime. , by what they consider rank injustice, have per and was interwoven into the fiber As the law stands today, a patriotic 1 not turned their backs completely upon and the soul of France. They killed that American worker cannot, in his usual : the temptation offered by these Federal soul by making labor think it was sus­ employment, give in the service of hi.s ~ gr~tuities, and have been getting theirs i pect, that in their minds their parlia­ country one single hour's time without l while the getting was good. · mentarians, purged of lRbor's spokes­ rendering his employer guilty of a crimi- Another grouP--Organized labor-there men, did not ·believe the French worker nal offense. i being a surplus of deVils in this country­ to be patriotic. · 1 These amendments do not take away has also been taken up te5 the mountain­ Are we . goiqg to ~gnore the lessor) the right of the employee and the em- ' ·tops by certain labor politicians and France has ta:ught us? Do we want to player to bargain collectively for the pay­ .organizers, and tempted with the prom­ give to the _worker of the United States ment of wages and a half for overtilLe~ ' ise of an ever-increasing wage, an ever­ the feeling that in the minds of the men of double wages for Sunday and holiday ; lessening workday, has momentarily in Congress labor is not Plltriotic? work. They merely make it permissible yielded to the temptation, as Congress­ Mr. Chairman, we have had letters for the patriotic worker to put in more men yielded not so long ago to the lure i cited on this floor purporting to come than the specified number of hours in of a ·retirement fund. frOJil boys who are in service in Bat11an, defense of his country, in support of. the Come hell and higp water, fair weather in the Philippines.. It has been made to fighting men, without being compelled to or foul, each and all of us have our ·· appea):' that the men in_the armed serv-:­ receive, or his employer to pay, a prem­ moments of _weakness. Today, in our ;. ices of the United Sta.tes came from some ium for that sort of patriotic service. .hour of danger, not for one moment do , f_amilies, fm;sootl:l •. who must have "been The amendments will not abrogate one I believe that organized labor, as distin- ; living in ~n ivory to:we.r, sep.a:rate .fl:om single collective-bargaining contract now gJ..tisP,ed from some. of its le~~ers, wpj · tl;le . org a q ~ zed worke ~s . of the · Un_ited in force. condemn us for the adoption 'bf these States, Who supplies the . men in the The amendments will free the Amer­ amendments. · · . · · · . · .<.; • armed 'servic.es Qf our ·Natton?. \VbenGe ican worker from the limitation now _Unless. we tak~ so~e m~. asur~ to felll ~ do tJ:l,~s.e boys, these'.yoqqg men~ ({~me? placed upon pis patriotic ·service. In ~Y . edy the sitl..latiQp wJ1i.ch now ..confroi]; ~( P,,;; :£:~e,y cqme frg~_Jh~.-fai11Hies'_ of. Wl)rk~{ ~ ~ · · co·NGRESSJONAL 'RECORD-HOUSE .t. 1745 organized and unorganized, whether they · wartime profits of industries directly .or a certain number of hours are ·Worked are in the factory, the foundry, or the indirectly engaged in war production. time and a half shall be paid. The is­ farm; but we have had men get on this In the last war Woodrow Wilson inaugu­ sue has been· described by other gentle­ fioor who. have .the temerity to fulminate rated the 8-hour day and became the men who have pointed out that the issue and asseverate to their colleagues in this leading exponent of legislation and con­ is how much· pay men shall recei-ve, not House that .the men in the armed serv­ tracts providing for overtime pay . and how many hours they shall work. ices of the United States must come from reduction of hours. It has also been pointed out, and very an entirely separate and distinct group. The zeal and enthusiam of labor must effectively, that if we really feel that our Are we in the House of Representatives be stimulated. One cannot legislate into war effort is not going forward as rapidly going to penalize labor? I hope to God the heart and the soul of the toiler, pa­ a~ it should, we then must consider it we are not, because I believe in the fu­ triotism. It is indefinable and intangi­ fairly and from every standpoint. ture improved social-economic order of ble. It is that quality which somehow I have received too many letters from this, our beloved United States, in which partakes of the spiritual. It is either men working in plants, and from other labor will indispensably participate, and there or it is not there. The Soviet Union people as well, complaining that workers which will embrace as a necessary in­ has it in abundance. France lacked it, are told by their foremen and superin­ gredient the four freedoms and ideals following the crack do.wn upon liberalism tendents to "go slow" or "take it easy," which we hold out to the distressed rac~s and upon the toiler. The Japs and the for me to fail to see that in these cases it of the world. Nazis, though we may not like to admit is management that is responsible for Why should we single out the forces of it, have shown that fervor and esprit de retarding production. We cannot over-· labor as suspect? Do we want the coun­ corps which makes them willing to en- · look the fact that a lot of our contracts try to appear to point the finger of sus­ dure any hardship in battle. The United are cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts, and picion at those who toil? The effect of States has that spirit in abundance. But tllat the higher the cost on one contract the Smith amendment is not to strangle we are a nation confused. We are a the larger can be the fee oli the next one. the men and women identified with or­ people afflicted with frustr.ations, con­ I do not believe such practices are gen­ ganized groups, but, rather, to require fusions, and prone to look for scape­ eral by any means, but they should not bank clerks, office accountants, and goats upon whom to visit our anger. exist at all, and certainly they should be white-collar workers generally, who have This Nation is made up of the families condemned as roundly and ·as universally no unions, particularly in certain areas, of millions of toilers. The Army and the as some of labors faul~ about which so to fight the battle in their behalf. These Navy are drawn from their ranks in a much is made. workers have no signed contracts with large part. We cannot pay for this war Mr. Chairman, the amendment of the their employers assuring them fair by greatly adding to the tax burden while gentleman from Virginia is very wide of wages, · overtime pay, and reasonable limiting the wages and reducing them the mark. The· mark is increased pro­ hours. with respect to tpe men and women of duction, tll.e removal of every obstacle Labor has all along exhibited an in­ brain and brawn who produce the ar­ to such increase. Hours of labor now are spiring desire to· make sacrifices corre­ ticles of war. Judging from the debate so far as I am able to determine, in most sponding with all other segments of our. on the Smith amendment one would as­ cases, just about as long as men can ef­ population. But it· naturally feels that sume that all the soldiers and sailors fectively work. There are other limita­ a genuine price-control bill, with teeth in were spending their time cursing and· tions. Complaint was made the other it, should be on the statute books, and cussing the skilled m·echanic at home who day about an airplane plant going on that the profits of war industry should provides the artillery, ammunition, a 5-day week. It was not mentioned be drastically limited. · tanks and planes with which the· man in that the plant works 24 hours a day. There is no provision in this bill for a the armed services carries on the war Nor was it pointed out that the reason recapture by the Federal Government of against our common foe. Yet very often for the 5-day week was purely and simply the funds saved by not paying overtime that soldier or sailor is· the. brother or the fact that certain materials necessary wages for work performed above and son, or even the grandson, of the skilled for the particular type of plane being beyond the 8-hour day· and on Sundays. worker at home. made 'Qy this company had been assigned and holidays. There is·· no refund 'for Mr. Chairman, I'trust this amendment by the War Production Board to other extra added profits by reason of these authored by the learned legal scholar companies so other types of planes could economies. Why should we punish labor - from the Old Dominion, HOWARD SMITH, be produced in larger quantity. That is and contemporaneousiy augment the will be decisively defeated. not labor's fault, nor management's profits of war industries? Is this a . The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ fault, for that matter. Neither has it scheme for circumventing the wage-~nd­ nizes the .gentleman from California [Mr. anything whatsoever to do with the hour bill? There is a law of diminishing VOORHIS]. . Wages and Hours Act. returns. If men are worked for too long Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. Again many Members have quoted the days and for too protracted periods, their Chairman, the cause for which America · first part of an article in the W-ashing­ efficiency is impaired and their unit-per­ fights in this war is the cause of the. com­ ton Post of ·Wednesday of this week hour production is reduced. mnn people of the world. When we for­ wherein the headlines. simply indicated Do we propose now to turn the clock get that we have forgotten the most im- that employees of Bethlehem Steel in back for 50 years? Shall we, at one portant thing about it all. · California had refused to work 10 hours. stroke, abrogate labor's legislative gairis The Smith amendment must be de­ Anyone· who did not take the, trouble to following decades of bitter struggle? feated for one primary reason, and that turn the page and read the whole article The sponsors and chief supporters of primary reason is that without in any did not know that what these workers this amendment are the most persistent way extending the length of time that were asking was as a matter of fact, 24- opponents of labor legislation in Con-. can or will be worked on defense mate­ hour operation of the shipyard instead gress. Is it not, therefore, ironical for rials and war production. it will deprive of 20-hour operation. They wanted them to seize upon our involvement in the poorest workers, those least able to three 8-hour shifts instead of two 10- war as the pretext for adopting some of defend themselves and their standards in hour shifts. And anyone who has ever the schemes of fascism? this whole Nation, of one of the protec­ worked in industry will know that three The President of the United States is tions the Congress gave them precisely 8-hour shifts. can turn out work far in our Commander in Chief. He vigorously because they are not organized, namely, excess of two 10-hour shifts. In what opposes the Smith amendment. He is the right to draw time and one-half pay way the passage· of the Smith amend­ charged with responsibility for directing when they work overtime. ment taking away· time and a half pay our war activities and is in a position If I knew of a single statute on the for overtime would help to solve this to make the appropriate recommenda­ books of this country that imposed an problem, I am utterly unable to see. tions as .-to those measures best designed absolute limitation on the number of Moreover, there is this to be said. to facilitate and expedite war production. hours a man could work,. and thus pre­ There are still men out of work-unem­ In this war Great Britain and Canada vented war production from being at the ployed-in this country. One thing that have not seen fit yet to adopt such legis­ very maximum, I would vote for its sus.:. will help production is to get every single lation as is here promulgated. pension. That is not the issue. These one of them into a job. Which may have . Yet, Great B.ritain has had the cour­ laws do not limit the hours that can be been in the minds of the men who asked age to impose a 100-percent tax upon worked. They only say that if more than that instead of their being given 2 hours 1746 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY -27 of overtime more men be hired and a importance has taken place since the war abandon our present general policy of de­ third shift put on. began, but there have been some little pending on the patriotism of labor and Now, no one as yet has put into this ones. There ought not to have been any. management to deliver the production we record the facts about the number of I am not saying-nor can anyone say­ so desperately need then .the remedy is hours actually being worked today. I they have been labor's fault in every case clear. It is not to pass a bill that cuts the have taken the trouble to secure the lat­ or even in a majority of cases, but they wages of poorly paid workers. Neither is est available figures {rom the Bureau of ·have happened. And I wish it were pos­ it a bill that would unfairly penalize em­ Labor Statistics. Here they are. Not sible to have the men in positions of labor ployers for labor's benefits. Mr. Chair­ over 20 percent of all the workers in leadership in the locals where these man, when the House believes it must go America are today working as little as a strikes have taken place understand how to some other program it must go into it 40-hour week. And two-thirds of these deeply every single strike that takes place, with its eyes open and in thoroughgoing who do not work more than 40 hours are however small and unimportant it may fashion. That would be to say that only in continuous-process industries--indus­ be, is today hurting the cause of labor. by cutting out all profit and chance for tries where the ·plant never stops operat­ The newspapers will play up to the utmost gain, and suspending at the same time ing at all and·where in everyone's opinion every such occurrence, and in many cases the normal functioning of our labor laws the best organization of working hours is all the facts will not be told. For the can we achieve the production we need. three 8-hour shifts. duration of the war the no-strike policy Are we ready to say that? If we are, then The other 80 percent of the workers of has got to be a complete no-strike policy, we should put everyone and everything the country, I am informed, are working with no exceptions. connected with the war-production in­ in practically all cases at least-48 hours Moreover, there ought not to be any dustries into the service of the Nation. a week. Most of the workers even in cases where a closed shoP-closed union­ We should, for the period of the war, op­ continuous-operation plants are working practice exists. By that I mean there erate the plants not for private profit but 48 hours. Many are working as much as ought not to be any cases where a union for the national need. We should pay 60 hours. One of the largest plants in that has a closed shop, either by t.he salaries to the executives and fair wages, Detroit just recently went off a 70-hour charging of high initiation fees or by any determined by the War Labor Board, to shift onto a 56:.hour shift. I spent the other means, excludes from employment the workers. And then, gentlemen, if we better part of of 2 years of my life work­ any qualified worker at all. As I have do all that, will be the time and the only ing on factory assembly lines and I know said before in the House, the extent to time when Congress can suspend the op­ that more will be turned out by men which the closed shop is extended makes eration of labor laws and forbid strikes, working 56 hours than by men working it the more certain that Congress will one for then all these men will be working 70 hours. day enact a labor code in this country for the Government and there will be no In machine tools average hours today which, without taking from labor any of profit but only a fair and just return to are 53.8 per week; in other machinery, its rights, will be protective of the rank all. 46.3; in aircraft, 46.2; in aero-engines, and file. There may be a real ·question as to 49.9-and so it goes. Furthermore, these Any union practices or rules that which method we will have to use before are hours actually worked per man and hamper in any way the full output of we are through. Every strike, every dere .. all time out for accidents or sickness are every man should be suspended for the liction on the part of management, every excluded so that the actual number of duration of the war. grasping for additional profit will be a hours worked per worker is substantially On the other hand, there must not be a blow at our present relatively free method higher than the figures I have given. And slow-down policy on the part of any com­ of handling things. I hope these b!ows yet in the face of these facts Members pany. I have had too many reports of will not be struck. I hope we can win have repeatedly said that we must do situations where men eager to work at through · with a minimum of govern-· something to get rid of the 40-hour week. full tilt have been advised by their super­ mental control. But win we must and By and large there just is not any such intendents and bosses to slow down for whatever it takes to do it we must do. thing right ·now. me not to believe that there is sub­ The foundation stone upon which every What then would be the effect of the stance to these .reports. If strikes on the act of Congress must be based is that 1t Smith amendment? It would be two­ part of labor are wrong today, so, cer­ makes more fair and equitable and never fold. First the wages now being paid tainly, is this sort of thing. Indeed it is less so the distribution of the burdens of would be cut-not in highly paid indus­ far less excusable. And so far as I can this war and the sharing of all groups in tries where collective bargaining prevails discover, the reason this sort of thing America's great effort today and in the but in the low-paid industries where the takes place is in order that costs may be hope she can afford to every person in a only protection is the Wages and Hours increased and a larger fee justified for happier tomorrow. Act. And this in the face of a rising cost the. companies. America's cause is the cause of all the of living. Is this the story we want -to And, furthermore, as the gentleman common people of the world. Let us send round the world, as the Axis radio from Wisconsin has so well said, there never forget that for a single moment. will certainly do? I think not. Second are corporations which as a result of this The Smith amendment should be de­ result will be that profits of corporations war are making exorbitant and unjusti­ feated. would be correspondingly increased, un­ fied profits. Nor will our present tax laws The CHAffiMAN. The Chair recog­ less labor .itself took steps to protect effectively reduce them to justifiable nizes the gentleman from Iowa [Mr: itself. Is that a situation that will pro­ earnings. As long as this situation exists, JENSENJ. mote production? I think not. Neither to pass a law, like the Smith amendment, Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Chairman, 10 min­ do I think it fair. which will merely cut down the earnings utes ago I was called to the telephone The truth of the matter is, though few of labor would be an act so patently un­ and had the privilege and pleasure of people seem to realize it, that we are do­ just as to make Members in the future talking with an old friend of mine, a ing pretty well. In many lines our pro­ ashamed to have done so. Democrat whom I know to be honest and duction is even ahead of the goals the No, Mr. Chairman, I am not attempt­ upright, and who today is connected very President has set. And the millions of ing today to say that labor must not be closely with the laboring men of this American workers are the only people on asked to give ·up anything. Labor, like country, union men, in defense indus­ earth who have been or can continue to every other group in our society is giving tries. He said, "Ben, I yvant you to know be the backbone, strength, and sinews its sons to the Army and to the Navy. that at least 90 percent of the union men of that production record. Labor in America is the basic dependence are willing that this 40-hour week be But we are not doing as well as we of all the United Nations around the taken off and canceled out. Mr. Chair­ ought to do. Nor will we be doing that world. Without the men and women who man, I yield to no man in my support of well until every bit of selfishness is today are laboring in the mills and shops the men and women who toil. They are buried away and every bottleneck broken. and plants of this Nation, America and patriotic. They resent the idea that That is a big order. But not too big for all the nations with whom she fights Members on the floor of Congress and America to fill. would inevitably suffer defeat. other people as well say that while every-: It requires that several things happen. My final appeal is that Congress must body - else is doing his part in this It requires that labor do certain things. so act that everyone in America will war effort, and while our boys are fight­ It is true that not a single strike · of any know -we have been fair. If we are to ing and dying, labor is demanding time 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1747 and a half for overtime and double time These statements made by the .gen­ to our two sons joining the armed forces for Sundays and holidays." They want tleman from Virginia [Mr. SMITH] and 2 years ago and signed their papers accord­ ingly, David being just 18 years 4 months to work and work hard at regular pay. I those made by the gentleman from Mis­ old and Jim 17 years and 4 months old . do have a feeling that we would have .sissippi, to which I have referred, are Knowing as I do what happened in the last been better off in this Nation if we had .erroneous. For instance, take our plane war, I wan ted my two boys to be trained in not entered into the program of appeas­ production. We produced over 3,000 the tactics of war and have the knowledge -ing the Japs. If we are going to start .planes last month, which was all that of the weapons used. I agreed with Presi­ appeasing the very small minority of we expected to produce; and the only dent Roosevelt for his wisdom in the creating labor who are against doing everything reason we are not producing more is be­ of the draft for young men to the service of and all they can in this all-out war ef­ cause the automobile manufacturers our dear land. But whilst Mrs. O'Hara and I are willing ·fort, then we may find ourselves and our .failed to heed the advice and warning to sacrifice the most precious jewels we pas:. .country in a very precarious position at .given a year ago with regard to readjust­ seas-namely, our sons-in the defense of our the most critical time. ing their assembly lines and for the fur­ democracy from without, we abhor the action I know that next spring, next -sum­ ther reason that the Aluminum Co. of from within by our own House of Repre­ mer, next fall, next year, and maybe America monopoly failed in warnings sentatives in suppressing free labor and turn:­ longer, you will see old men, old women, and orders given them over a year· ago to ing this Republic into a Nazi state. We o~ -PrOduce aluminum and manganese so the working class know that the action of and young children by the thousands ·the House gave comfort to the industrial ·working almost night and day on the vital to plane production now. Even with barons and that they were licking their chops farms to produce more food and more that failure by industry and through no because they now feel their employees will fiber for this Nation and our Allies be­ fault of ·labor, we will be producing the ·become industrial slaves again, and that they cause their sons and hired men have left 60,000 planes which the President pre­ ·Will have a better chance to become war ·the plow in defense ·of their country; -dicted we ·would be pz:oducing before the .profiteers aa in. the last war. , · ·Mr. Chairman, I feel this amendment · ·end of·1942. Let-us not-be hysterical and . My sons will be. .in the front line of attac~ blame labor for every trouble in the for the defense of this Nation; that is where should be adopted~ I want them to be. But· if we are going to - The CHAIRMAN:: The Chair recog­ country. - We are away ahead of sched­ have some form of nazi.:.ism or any other ·nizes the gentleman -from -Pennsylvania ' ule on the entire industrial fron~. "ism" except Amertcanism, I hope to God they . [Mr. WEISS] • . Let us take up the matter of profits, die before taking the field. I also know that Mr. WEISS. Mr.-Chairman, I rfse to · because little has been said in the House .some of those industrialists with the one ~ answer some' of the statements made by ' during the present debate about that. son, who are always looking in Washington .for comfort from. labor . union~. will also, be the distinguished gentlemen -from Vir- r Neither ·the gentleman from Virginia · -ginia and Mississippi. . Yesterday, on . [Mr. SMITH] nor · tqe gentleman froin .looking _foi: deep dug-out jobs In the Army ·Mississippi [Mr. WHITTINGTON] made for that one son of theirs if inducted. 'page 1713 of the RECORD, the gentleman · The United Mine Workers of America made ·from Virginia [Mr. SMITH] said: any .effort to recapture the profits of ·a 3-year contract in the last war of $5 mini- industry. Let me say to this House that . mum when coal was $2.25 at. the tipple. : I th~nk we have been handi_capped enough-God knows--:-by strikes anp stop­ for the first half ·of this year General ·When the last war finished, the coal opera­ pages of work for sllly reasons. ·Motors showed a profit of $126,000,000, tors were getting from $12 to $18 a ton, but which was 26 percent over the profits of . the mine worker was still . getting the $5 On page 1715 the gentleman from · .the last half of last year; American minimum. . Mississippi [Mr. WmTTINGTON] said: & If democracy is worth having, it's worth Telephone Telegraph showed profits of fighting for. That is why we of the United · Defense is lagging, tanks are not being pro­ $117,000,000; and Standard Oil showed . Mine Workers send our sons today to de­ duced, planes. are. not coming ·off· of the ·profits of $77,000,000. Will anyone ques- . fend it just as 70,000 United Mine Workers ·assembly line. tion the right of labor to receive time of America sons were in the armed forces of and one-half· for overtime in view of the last war. If we are to be a .democracy, Every Member of the House knows that these ,tremendous profits of industry? A · let's have it, don't. take it away from us. these statements are not true. They, no decent standard of ·living to the working­ ~n expressing my thoughts herf!, I feel I ·doubt, have been inadvertently made, be- . man is just as vital as a decent schedule am also expre5sing the th.oughts of those cause every Member of the House knows whose lot it is to toil for a living and who of airplane production. are the backbone of these Unit'ed States, and that the shipbuilding facilities engaged Let us play fair both with labor and the greatest of all Americans. 1n production in this country, including capital. Let us not try to h~mstring Very truly yours, every shipyard in the country, is from 3 . labor in this critical hour of a great war JOSEPH O'HARA. months to 19 months.ahead·of schedule . . in which the liberties and freedoms that To verify my position of production Let me also say this. Coming from are our heritage are not only threatened exceeding expectation, I herewith include one of the largest steel industrial dis­ but civilization itself. Let us strive for a newspaper item by Mark Sullivan. tricts in the country, the city of Pitts­ unity, so essential to the successful clearly proving labor is on the job in. burgh, every plant in this area since De­ prosecution of this war. Let Govern­ producing implements of war: cember 7 is producing far beyond antici­ ment, industry, and labor work hand in pated expectation. One example is the hand, and we cannot fail. Two CHEERING DEVELOPMENTS SEEN iN WAR­ Christy-Parks Works, of McKeesport, As Kipling so well said: MATERIAL Is ROLLING BE'I"l'ER THAN QUOTA­ Pa., the same plant that led in the man­ FEW TIE-UPS Now It is not the individual or the army as a (By Mark Sullivan) ufacture of shells during the last World whole, War, is far ahead of its schedule, as evi­ WASHINGTON, February 24.-There are two :aut the everlasting teamwork of every bloom­ definite, cheering developments. One is, the denced by the production charts showing ing soul. production during the months of Decem- stuff is rollfng out of the factories. The Pres­ The sons of labor, too, are serving in ident, in his speech last Monday night, really . ber and January and up to the 16th of understated it.- Every important war ma~ this month. I am reliably informed this the armed forces of America and more terial, including ships, is coming out of the morning that all plants are far beyond than willing to. give thei.r lives for you mills and yards at a pace greater than was anticipated production throughout the and me. anticipated, hence more than enough to entire steel area. The Pittsburgh Steel And I include herein a letter from meet the immense program for this year and Foundry, of Glassport, Pa., which is pro­ Mr. Joseph O'Hara, a member of the next, which Mr. Roosevelt laid before the United Mine Workers of America: opening session of Congress last month. If ducing anchors for the Navy, is way there is a possible exception, it is the bigger ahead of its schedule of production. Han. SAMUEL A. WEISS, planes. These lag behind tanks and some There is no stoppage, and there has been House of Representatives, other. forms of war material. But planes lag · no stoppage in the production of any rna­ Washingtop,, D. C. behind the o:thers only because. the others . terials of war in our Pittsburgh steel in­ - DEAR MR. WEISS: I am writing you in pro­ are so far ah~ad of program. As to pla~es and dustrial· district or in any other indus­ test of the House of Representatives' action everything else, the pace today is faster than 'in passing the Smith bill to suppress what enough to meet the program. trial section, for that matter, because was free labor in a land of democracy, hoping That program, when the President laid it , labor is doing its part and showing its and praying that the Senate will be more down on January 6, was called by some fan­ true spirit, loyalty, and patriotism in discreet in their action toward labor. tastic. Today it is in.sight of fulfillment. If aiding in the successful prosecution of It was with the thoughts of preserving our __the program Js not. met, it will be because of this war. democracy that Mrs. O'Hara a~d I consent~~ unforeseen co!!ditions arising. in the future. 1748 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE FEBRUARY 27 The fulfillment that is in sight, if not inter­ open and not on the misinformation ployees of the military departments (se' rupted, actually will turn out to be more than which has been given in this House. Executive Orders Nos. 8816, 8860, 8876). fulfillment. For once a process of this kind I hope you realize that when you vote 5. Act of June 30, 1936 {41 U. S. C. 35-40, gets headway, it gathers momentum which Walsh-Healey Act), providing 8-hour day·and carries it beyond early expectations. for this bill you are not increasing pro­ 40-hour week stipulations in Government How did this come about? One reason is, duction. What you are doing is increas­ supply contracts of over $10,000 worked in the American system of factory mass produc­ ing the profits of the manufacturers on excess of 8 hours a day and 40 hours a week tion was at last given a chance. To achieve contracts, which have already been en­ permitted at time and one.-half. Upon find­ factory mass production, certain conditions tered into on the basis of time and a half ing and need by contracting department, all are necessary. One is agreement upon . a for a week in excess of the 40-hour week. overtime requirements may be suspended by model-and agreement not to change the So the gentleman from Virginia, when he the Secretary of Labor. model. This condition now exists .generally. neglected to bring in companion legisla­ 6. Act of October 10, 1940 (Public, No. 831, For more than 2 years, before the defense 76th Cong.), prescribes 8-hour day and 40- program got into the factories, while it was tion covering also the profits of these cor­ hour week on Maritime Commission contracts; still in the hands of Washington, Washin~on porations, which would be increased as overtime permitted at time and one-half. kept changing the models. To this, no blame the result of his proposal, certainly, in 7. Act of June 28, 1940 (Public, No. 671, attaches. The technical men at Washington, my opinion, failed in his responsibility to 76th Cong.), Navy speed-up act providing watching the war abroad, saw defects arise in the House. 8-hour day and 40-hour week for certain existing planes and other war materials. Now, I am not going to impugn his mo­ specified employees of Navy Department and They saw improvements made by practically tives, but I have been here for 5 years and Coast Guard with time and one-half for over­ all the countries in the war. That our tech­ my recollection is that during that time time; suspends during the emergency the pro­ nical men should take advantage of these im­ visions of law prohibiting more than 8 hours provements was necessary. That they should the gentleman from Virginia has opposed of labor in any one day on Army, Navy, and try to devise even great er improvements of every piece of legislation that would be Coast Guard contracts. (NoTE.-8ee No. 15, their own was desirable. It was not merely beneficial to labor. My further recollec­ below.) a matter of more planes, it also was a matter tion is that every time a national defense 8. Communications Act of 1934, as amended of better planes. But all this led to constant bill has been offered in this House the by the act of March 23, 1941 (47 U. S. C. 154 changes in design. It distracted the factory gentleman from Virginia has attempted (f) (2)), provides for additional compensa­ managers. Orders were given in compara­ to use it as vehicle enact legislation tion for Federal Communications Commis­ tively small lots, and even when planes were a to which would be unfavorable to labor. sion inspectors for· night work and holidays. going through the factories, changes were 9. Act of March 2, ·1917 (48 U. S. C. 737), made in blueprints. Mass production was I am. wondering, in all charity toward him, because I shall not question his Organic Act of Puerto Rico, providing an impossible. 8-hour day for laborers and mechanics on There are other reasons. Preceding Pearl motives, whether or not in his zeal and public work by or on behalf of Puerto Rican Harbor there were countless strikes; since in his enthusiasm, he perhaps is not in­ gove_rnmerit. . No. 15, d~scribed below, per­ Pearl Harbor there have been few. Also, :fiuenced in the present instance because mits overtime after 8 hours upon payment throughout the early period some labor lead­ of his animosity toward those things of time and one-half for contract work with ers wished to bring about a fundamental which have meant so much to labor and Puerto Rican government. · change, wished to get for themselves a voice 10. Act of May 2, 1941 (Public, No. 46, 77th equal to that of management in the con­ which he has always opposed. I think we have, as the previous speaker Cong.), extends No. 6, above, to emergency duct of industry. The economic, social, and contracts for Maritime Commission. said, to keep our eyes on the ball and not; ultimate political aspects of that need not 11. Act of July 21, 1932 (15 U.s. C. 605 (b)), be discussed now. Even if a new way of under the pretense of correcting a · condi­ empowering the Reconstruction Finance Cor­ conducting industry were known to be better tion which needs no correction, legislate poration to require a 30-hour week so far -as than the old, making the change would, at here to increase profits and create a sit­ practicable on liquidating proJects (merely the very least, cause delay. Mere agitation uation which would only cause disunity hortatory)...... for it caused delay. Apparently the agita­ tion 1S now abandoned. Whatever the de­ and perhaps dislocate present industrial 12. Act of· J-qne 25, 1938 (29 U ~ S. C.. 207,- fects of the old way, it works-and now it schedules. It seems to me that the real 208), wage-and-hour law requiring time and is given a chance to work. purposes of the amendment are con­ one-half after 40 hours a week for employees To feel cheer over the production of war cealed and are other than the ones em­ in or producing for interstate commerce. · 13. Act of June 19, 1912 (40 U. S. C. 324- materials may l~ad to unfortunate compla­ phasized by the gentleman from Virginia cency. War materials pouring out of the [Mr. SMITH] . 325), prescribing an 8-hour day for laborers and mechanics on public works. No. 15, be­ factories is one thing, war materials on the The following is a resume of the acts battle front is another. Between the two low, suspends prohibition if. time and one­ are many hurdles. There is a monstrous affected ty the Smith amendment to the half is paid. hurdle of distance. To carry war. material second War Powers Act. A careful 14. Act of August 1, 1892 ( 40 U. S. C. 321- from an American port to practically any of reading of this analysis will prove the 323), prohibiting work in excess of 8 hours tts destinations is a 2-month · trip for a accuracy o! the contention I have a day on public works by Government or its cargo vessel, 4 months for the round trip, made-that there is no prohibition contractors. So far as Army, Navy, Coast as President Roosevelt pointed out Monday. against the working of hours in excess of Guard, and Maritime Commission contracts are concerned, this law was suspended by night. There is the further problem of judg­ 40 in 1 week by any of these measur~s. ment in determining which· shall be the des­ No. ~ and No. 7, above . . As to direct em­ tination for a given tank, or gun, or plane­ 1. Act of July 2, 1940 (Public, No. 703, 76th ployees of the Government, the law has been whether to Australia, or to China, or to Cong.), Army speed-up bill prescribing 40- suspended with respect to Army, Navy, Russia, or to North Africa, or elsewhere. hbur week and 8-hour day for laborers and Panama Canal, and Coast Guard Executive There are immense and intricate problems mechanics employed. directly by the War De­ Orders, Nos. 8623 ,' 8797, 8837, 8848, and 8859, of coordination. For these problems we can partment engaged in the manufacture or pro­ leaving unaffected only normal activities of hope we have the talent or can find it. That duction of military equipment, munitions, or peacetime agencies. As to these, the President the materials are being made is the first step, supplies. Overtime may· be worked upon 'pay- has full authority to make suspensions by it is going satisfactorily, and that is cheering. ment of time and one-half. · Executive order. . 2. Act of October 21, 1940 (Public, No. 873, 15. Act. of September_ 9, 1940 (40 U. S. C. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ 76th Cong.~ . prescribes 40-hour week with 325 (a)), amends No. 13, above, to permit nizes the gentleman from Pennsylvania time and one-half for overtime for specified , overtime after 8 hour .a day .at time and a [Mr. BRADLEY]. field employees of the War Department and half on .. Public works contracts with tl:ie Mr. BRADLEY of Pennsylvania. _ Mr. of the Panama Canal. . United States. (By act of March 4, 1917, 40 Chairman, I have prepared an analysis, 3. Act of June 3, 1941 (Public, No. 100, 77th' U. S. C. ::126, President had corresponding Cong.), provides time and one-half for over power to permit overtime at time ~nd a half:) assisted by competent authorities, of 40-hour week for per annum employees of 16. Act of March 3, 1931, original Davis­ every one of the 17 measures affected by War Department, Panama Canal, Navy De- · Bacon Prevailing Wage Act, which was revised the so-called Smith bill, and I challenge partment, and Coast Guard, and provides ad­ and amended by act of August 30, 1935 ( 40 the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. SMITH] ditional compensation for employees of War U. S, C. 276 {a.)), providing for a predetermi­ to show in any of these acts anything . Department and Canal Zone foregoing vaca­ nation of minimum wages for laborers and which prohibits a workweek of over. 4o tions. mechanics on Government construction con­ hours. No one knows the provisions of . 4. Act of March 3, 1931 (5 u: S. ,C. 26 (~)'), tracts over $2,000. (This act contains no these aat,s better than the gentleman provides Saturday half holiday for civil em­ maximum-hour restrictions to be suspended.) ployees of Federal Government and District: from Virginia, and he knows that more 17. Act of March 4, 1917 (40 U. S. C. 326), of Columbia, exclusive of ~mployees of certain empowers the President to permit work over 8 than 40 hours is not prohibited. departments, and· contains provision for .com-' hours, notwithstanding No. 13, above, if time Mr. Chairman, I hope the Members pensating time off. · Executive orders have, and a half is paid. This statute ~ made will vote on this question with their eyes• ·suspended this act as to certain civil e~- . obsolete by No. 15, above. 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1749 - Mr: WASIELEWSKI. Mr. Chairman, section of Public Lav' No. 2-chapter 2, defel).se workers are being paid high ' we are engaged in a war, the result of Seventy-seventh Congress, first session­ salaries. That is true. It was true in which will affect the future of each and H. R. 1776, the first Lease-Lend Act. the last war, but may I point out that a every one of us. It will affect the future Section 3-A of that act reads as follows: large majority of the boys in our fighting of industry, agriculture, and labor alike. Notwithstanding the provisions of any fvrces are the sons of men and women It calls for an all-out effort on the part of _other law, the President may from time to in the laboring group. Many of them time, when he deems it in the interest of ha,ve gone from the ranks of labor into all Americans. This is no time for us to national defense, authorize the Secretary of be group conscious. Above everything we War, the Secretary of the Navy, or the head the service themselves. I know of one must remember we have a job to perform of any other department or agency of the defense worker, toiling long hours, who in the preservation of our American way Government: has six sons ir: the service of his country; of life by winning this war. If we lose (1) To manufacture in arsenals, factories, I know of another with four sons in the this war, the rights and privileges of and shipyards under their jurisdiction, or service, and still another with three. industry, labor, agriculture, or any other otherwise procure to the extent to which C~rtainly the patriotism of these men group will mean nothing. sums are made available therefor, or con- · cannot be questioned. tracts are authorized from time to time by Under the present law there is no limit S2veral years back before the clouds of .... the Congress, or both, any defense article war began to take definite form, we had for the government of any country whose on the number of hours a man can adopted legislation in this country that defense the President deems vital to the de­ work. If this amendment is adopted, I would take the profit out of war, hoping fense of the United States. am afraid it will only serve to increase thereby that we would avoid war. We profits and lower production. These are have found, however, that whether or not I am not a lawyer, but I have shown days when this Nation is crying for unity, we were to engage in war depended not this section to many good lawyers in the and certainly a slap at the defense work­ alone on our own choice. Now that we House. They are of the opinion that ers of this Nation now is not going to are at war, no person nor group should the President now has the power which bring about a greater degree of unity. In be allowed to make a profit from it. Yet the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. my opinion, it is going to create disunity. on every side we find that our Govern­ SMITH] wishes to give him in his amend- It is time that the people and the legis­ ment is paying more for certain products, ment. · lators stop sniping at the administration, for certain labor, and for certain agricul­ Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will the Army, the Navy, and labor, and turn tural commodities than does a private the gentleman yield? to the task of winning this war. If we buyer. If we are to bring this war to a Mr. POWERS. Yes. do not bring this war to a successful con­ successful conclusion this condition can­ Mr. DONDERO. I have listened to the clusion, it will not make a great deal of not continue. We cannot expect to build reading of that clause, and if any lan­ difference what happens to any of us. morale in our armed forces where men gu~ge is explicit, that is that the Presi­ It is my hope that the Members of this are asked to give service to their country dent now has the authority sought to be House will use sane and sound judgment at $21 and $30 a month while men at given to him by the Smith amendment. and not throw this country into turmoil home, who are no better than they, and Mr. POWERS. The President, in the by adopting this amendment today. I no better trained than they, are permit­ opinion of many good lawyers in the urge that it be voted down in the interest ted to earn many times that sum in 1 House, already has that power. of our country-the greatest Nation on week. We are all in this war and we Mr. WHITTINGTO~. Does not that the face of this earth. should shoulder the responsibility and power expire in practically all of those The CHAIRMAN. The time of the burden of it equally. acts on the 30th of June 1942? gentleman from Connecticut has expired. The 40-hour week was adopted in order Mr. POWERS. I am not speaking Mr. FOGARTY. Mr. Chairman, I that the work available might be spread about the expiration of the law, but I am speak to you today not only as Mem­ among more men. The employer was in a stating that the President has the power ber of Congress but as one of those whom sense penalized to the extent of paying now. . this bill is aimed at, namely, a labor man time and a half, or double time, for using Mr. WHITTINGTON. And that is the or labor leader. In the State of Rhode his employees beyond said hours. In our reason it should be reenacted, because Island we have, I believe, by far the out­ war effort today we need 18 men in in­ the power does expire at that time. standing labor leaders in the Nation. dustry and agriculture to support 1 man Mr. POWERS. Then you admit he has We have our share of defense work and in the front lines. There is a threatened the power? we have had no trouble with strikes on shortage of skilled mechanics and labor. Mr. DOWNS. Mr. Chairman, I did not defense work. The gentleman from To meet this situation it is as fair to ex­ intend to take the floor to discuss the Georgia yesterday referring to this bill pect our workers in the plants to suspend Smith amendment, but I feel, in all fair­ included all labor leaders as racketeers. the rights and privileges of the 40-hour ness to the tr.ousands of laboring people Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from week, just as we expect our men in the in my district, that I must raise my voice Georgia by that remark also referred armed forces not to be bound by any in their defense. to me because I am still considered a such laws and provisions. It is proposed, with a single stroke, to labor leader in Rhode Island. I hold I feel constrained to vote against the wipe out the entire progressive advance­ office in my local union in Providence as amendment proposed by the distin­ ment of labor and return to the days of president emeritus of the Bricklayers, guished gentleman from Virginia because 1892. Some of the largest defense plants Masons and Plasterers Subordinate Union his bill does not go far enough. His in this entire country are located in the of Providence, R. I. I am still interested measure, if adopted, would limit the · district which I have the privilege of in them, -their problems are mine and profits from war only to the workingman r~presenting in this House. We have had as long as I am a Member of Congress and laborer. It makes no attempt to no labor t .. oubles of any consequence in I will do everything within my power to limit or control the profits of industry this district. These people have toiled defend them against such unwarranted­ and agriculture. I wish, if I may, make long and willingly to turn out planes, attacks as we are listening to today, and a suggestion to the gentleman from Vir­ boats, guns, and ammunition, and other I want to inform the gentleman from ginia that he bring before the House leg­ ci6fense materials to carry on this war. Georgia that I am just as patriotic as he islation that will take profit out of the I cannot stand by and see them unjustly is and that he is no more patriotic than war for industry, agriculture, labor, and penalized without raising my voice iri all the labor leaders in Rhode Island or al! other groups alike, and I will support protest. any person in the State of Rhode Island it. I do not claim that every act of labor in who earns his bread by the sweat of I am sure that in such action we will this country has been right, but I have his brow, regardless of whether he or have the support of our Nation, and that stated in the Well of this House several she is a member of a union or not. such action on the part of Congress will times, that we ~hould not penalize the The gentleman from Georgia said bring about unity, promote morale, and rank and file for the acts of a few rene­ yesterday let us be real, let us be men, an early victory. It is our solemn duty gade leaders. let us be Americans rather than the to limit all war profits now and not wait I have heard other Memters in this de­ representatives of some organized group. until the war is over. bate point to the fact that the boys in I say to the gentleman from Georgia if Mr. POWERS. Mr. Chairman, I our armed forces, today, are receiving he wants to be real, wants to be a real merely rise to read to the Committee a a low salary of $21 per month while American, would he vote for the repeal 1750 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 27 of the antilynching law, would he vote On several occasions yesterday during de­ labor to work overtime without· paying to repeal the poll-tax law which · keeps bate I listened to Members quoting from time and a half. · the poor whites and the colored from the headlines of,various newspapers mis­ Let me show the difference in patriot­ voting in the district he represents, will leading stories in regard to the labor ism between the laborer and the em­ he or the rest of you who are support­ situation of today. Mr. Chairman, those ployer in my district. The iron workers ing this amendment and who represent of us who know labor pay no attention and steel workers in my district worked an agricultural district speak and vote to these stories; we know that tlie al­ 1 day and gave all their pay to the Navy against the agricultural bill which has legedly free press owe their loyalty to the relief, which amounted to $50,000. It just passed the Senate which will cost moneybags who control their publica­ was presented last Sunday to the Navy the consumers at least $1,000,000,000? tions; we know they speak the policy of relief. Did the employers take the profits The supporters of this amendment pro­ big business; we know they hate and of that day and give it to the Navy relief? claim that this is just a suspension of fear labor; we know they seize upon No. the laws for the duration; well, I fail to every opportunity to smear labor; and Let us not question the motives of agree. I maintain that this is just the be­ those in this House who hate and fear those who toil and are vitally interested ginning of a drive that is being carried labor take a great d,eal of pleasure in in this war. They do not want the ideol­ out an over the country conceived and reading into the RECORD these biased dis- ~ ogy of nazi-ism to triumph. They are sponsored by the manufacturers, the in­ torted, viciously ridiculous, misguided, fighting this war to Pfotect democracy. dustrialists, the press, and those of you and silly stories in regard to organized We ought not impugn their patriotism. in and out of Congress who hate and fear labor. . American labor is patriotic. Their sons labor, the ultimate purpose to shackle Why do they not go back to the days are in the Armies and Navies of this labor, to take away from them everything when this program was started, when great 'Nation. They are ready to give they have gained during the past 50 the manufacturers held up this defense their all. Must we by legislation brand years, to drive them back to the sweat­ program for 6 months in order to get them as selfish and unpatriotic? To shop days, back to the cut-throat con­ the terms that they wanted from the pass -this would be doing such. I. am ditions, back to the days of starvation Government? Did they get them? They opposed to the Smith amendments. All wages and unlimited hours; yes, back to did get them. They claim on the floor of our experts tell us our production is the days of slavery. When the gentle­ this House that this is not an antilabor · ahead of schedule. This properly estab­ man from Virginia or the gentleman bill. Do any of those gentlemen think I lishes labor as doing its share. Let us from Georgia or the gentlemen from am silly enough or dumb enough to know not by legislation again revert to the era Mississippi get up on the floor of this that it is not an antilabor b111? Do you of exploitation and economic slavery. House and claim that in the interest of think I am silly enough or dumb enough Let us not be economically patriotic and national unity they are sponsoring or to think it is for the benefit of labor? use it as a cloak to destroy progressive, supporting a bill that has to do with These men who are working in the de­ liberal legislation. This war must not labor, I question their sincerity. I have fense p1ants today are not only producing be a vehicle where selfish interests again been here for only 14 months but it took the arms and ammunition for our boys, dominate American legislative halls. me only 2 months to find out those who but they are also producing in another Defeat 1942's on American were attempting to do whatever they way. They are not practicing birth con­ labor by the old, selfish interests of en­ could to take away from labor in this trol like the idle rich, the 400. the leaders slaved labor control. country everything that it has gained and of society. It is the working men and The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ day in and day out attempt to scuttle the women of this country who raise the nizes the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. labor laws that have been so justly families and have to support them. They DINGELL]. earned. · are the ones who are fighting our wars Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Chairman, we Mr. Chairman, the very men who are today. have been discussing the Smith amend­ seeking to have this amendment adopted Mr. Chairman, I hope this amendment ment for several hours. There seemed under the guise of national unity op­ is defeated in order that this country to be much discussion with regard to the posed· this very same labor legislation may be the country in the future that patriotism and motives of labor, par­ when it was being enacted. you and I and our brothers and sisters, ticularly as it applies to organized labor. If they are sincere, why do they not our sons and daughters were privileged That sort of an argument is superficial. come down to the Well of the House and to have lived in during our lifetime. Let Of course, I have many organized workers tell the truth; why do not they give all us go forward as real Americans and in my district, both A. F. of L. and C. I. 0. sides of the story? Why do not they play defeat this amendment so that we will However. there is something that this the game on the level, be square and be not create disturbance, disorder, discord, House has overlooked in this debate. I fair. Why does not the sponsor of this dissatisfaction, but create unity and get refer particularly to those present who do amendment explain to the Bouse both the planes off the paper and into the air. not have the problem of organized work­ sides of the story that he told yesterday [Here the gavel fell.] ers. Do you realize that the organized in regards to the walk-out at the Bethle- The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman worker, in most instances, is fully pro­ . hem Steel Corporation in Los Angeles from Pennsylvania [Mr. SACKS] is recog­ tected on the overtime and time-and-one­ which is that when the Bethlehem or­ nized. half feature by· contract, which is valid dered two 10-hour .shifts instead of Mr. SACKS. Mr. Chairman, the at­ and enforceable and which will hold re­ three 8-hour schedules they defied the tempt on the part of those who would gardless· of what action we might take? Navy Department, the Maritime Com­ suspend all labor laws is one that they What I am interested in and what I am mission, and the War Production Board? say is in the interest of unity. Some­ calling to your attention very forcefully, _The company took the position that it body on this fio01 the other day said, for it applies to the unorganized work­ was ahead of schedule on ship construc­ "You cannot legislate unity; you cannot ers of 80 percent of the Members in their tion and that it should not be bothered legislate patri"Otism." I know and you districts, is that this is going to a.ffect by the Government. They also claimed know that this attempt is not one for the more directly and vitally the interests that a night shift is not efficient; but all benefit of increased war production, be­ of the unorganized worker, the worker in other shipbuilders have found out other- 1 cause if it was, if this was a question of the big chain mercantile store, in the wise. The union at the plant tried by production, they would also include in small town, and to thousands of others negotiation to have the company rescind this bill a limitation on the profits. deep in the hinterland and far removed its new policy but to no avail. This story I do not know who it was, but some­ from the industrial districts. These are was also carried by the press of the body said that profits by some are a sign the people who will pay the price if you country in such a way as to discredit the of their patriotism. A committee in the take away this minimum protection af­ union and their leaders, which is nothing other Chamber found that the profits forded by law. They will return to a. new for the press to do. The news­ were excessive in many instances in the 60- to 72-hour week at a 50 percent cut papers do not seem to be interested in preparation of our war effort. There is in their wages. constructive labor news; on the contrary, nothing in the amendment presented by I want to call this to your attention­ everything they can dig up that wlll be the gentleman from Virginia that would those of you who do not have the organ­ detrimental to organized labor is what prevent the employers from taking the ized workers in your district. You are they delight in giving the fro.nt page. profits tha.t they would make by forcing voting away their best interests-wiping 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1751 out their hard-won gains. The workers The action of the Congress for the last 3 realize the war is on. The battle is rag­ in our districts will be able to take care aays in an effort to pass the bill might ing, and men in the front lines are beg­ of themselves as long as they are organ­ indicate that it is doing just about as ging for weapons to protect their own ized and as long as their contracts are ·much to delay the war efforts as other lives and to preserve the country they in effect and hold. But in your cities and agencies by its insistence to discuss mat­ love. small towns-deep in the interior, where ters really not germane to the subjects Not only the young inen in the armed you do not have the protection of the involved. Our actions suggest ·to me forces are interested in this bill but their C. I. 0. and the A. F. of L. for your · the story of the long-winded Member fathers and mothers are greatly inter­ workers-that is where this Smith of Congress a number of years ago when ested. Many of them have sons already amendment is going to put a crimp in the subtreasury questions were th~ para­ ·on the firing line-sons whose lives they your workers. That is where you will mount issue in public life. After he h8 j are willing to sacrifice on the altar of feel the sting when the time comes. spoken about 2 hours to a country their country provided they are given an I want you take this into account when audience he straightened himself up and equal chance for life with ·equal equip­ you vote on the amendment because you with outstretched arms exclaimed, "Fel­ ment for use in combat. I feel that I are overlooking something. If you think low countrymen, ram speaking for future speak the sentiment of a lot of these fa­ you are going to apply this to the big generations," whereupon a farmer in the thers and mothers, for I happen to be industrial areas and to their disadvan­ audience arose and said, "By gum, if you the father of one of these boys in the ta:ge, you are mistaken. It is going to speak mw~h longer they will be here." front line somewhere in the Pacific and hurt most in your own districts. My thought is if we continue to speak I am anxious to see that he and his com.: [Here the gavel fell.1 on this bill there will be little or no neces­ rades, wherever they may be, are fur­ The CHAffiMAN. The Chair recog­ sity for trying to expedite the prosecu­ nished with such equipment as will give nizes the gentleman from Massachusetts tion of the war effort. The war may be them at least an equal chance in the bat­ [Mr. ELIOT]. over before we get ready for it. tle for liberty and freedom. His father Mr. ELIOT of Massachusetts. Mr. But my purpose, Mr. Chairman, in ask­ and mother will not complain if he Chairman, I rise merely to state two facts ing for recognition at this time is to say should fall in mortal combat equally and then to ask two questions. The two a few words on behalf of those who are armed with his antagonist, but I am un­ facts are included in correspondence . now in the war, particularly the young able to contemplate my feelings if I which has been handed to me, between ·men who are in it. They are interested should learn he has sacrificed his life be­ the Commissioner of Labor Statist\cs in this bill. They are interested in ex­ cause the Congress of the United States and our majority leader, the gentleman pediting our efforts to end the war. or the people for whom he is fighting from Massachusetts [Mr. McCoRMACK]. They are not in the armed forces with failed on account of strikes, selfish bick­ The first of those facts is that at the the idea of making a military career out erings, and incident delay to furnish him present time in defense industries most of it. They would like to see the war with sufficient bombs or necessary equip­ firms are working many more than 40 brought to a close as soon as possible ment to defend himself in battle with a hours a week. In the airplane indus­ and they would like to have munitions merciless foe. On the other hand, I try, for instance, under most of the big and implements with which to do it. would be mortified and feel like an un­ contracts we find the workingmen work­ They would like to see this war end next worthy sire of a courageous and patriotic ing 52 hours a week. This merely brings month. the next 6 months, or within the son if he should return home in d:;feat. out the fact that there is no Federal law next year in order that they may go home humiliation, and shame, place his hand today limiting the number of hours to be and begin to lay foundations for future upon my shoulder, look me in the face worked. living. They have little patience with and say: "Father, we did the best we The second point in that correspond­ our delay in furnishing them with muni­ could with what we had to do it with, but ence is that there are in outstanding tions and equipment due to strikes in our the battle was lost while you and others contracts about $8,000,000,000 for wage defense activities and bickerings be­ debated what effect an hour's work per payments. ·If this amendment is adopt­ tween labor leaders and industry, day would have on the social life of the ed, a good deal of this moneY, hundreds coupled with Congress debating whether country after the war." of millions of dollars of it which has· al­ this or that program will dovetail into There may be some things in this bill I ready been contracted to be paid to t.he the post-war program. If some of us would not support nnder ordinary cir­ employer, will simply not be paid to the were as anxious to demonstrate our pa­ cumstances, but since it is designed to employee. It will simply be a windfall triotism as Shirley Crow, of Oconee expedite our war effort it is my purpose for the employer at the expense of both County, S. C., who walked 30 miles a to support the bill in toto. the Government and his employees. few days ago to present himself at the [Here the gavel fell.l The two questions are these: The six­ office of the draft board to say: "If my The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman teenth law mentioned in the amendment country needs me, I am ready to go," the from Pennsylvania [Mr. McGRANERY] is offered by the gentleman from Virginia morale of the people generally would be recognized. is the Bacon-Davis law pertaining to better and the morale in thE armed forces Mr. McGRANERY. Mr. Chairman, I .wages on Government construction con­ would be greatly improved. If strikes ask unanimous consent that for the in­ .tracts. It does not refer to hours in any delaying production in defense industries formation of the Committee the Clerk way. I am . wondering why a virtual continue, the morale in both groups will read an amendment, which I have pend­ minimum wage law is included in this grow worse. The services of these boys ing at the desk. amendment. are not limited to so many hours per day The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, The second question is: Why in a or any number of hours per week. They it is so ordered. sweeping amendment of this sort taking are subject to call over 150 hours a week, - There was no objection. away protection from millions of work­ and they know it. They are saying now The Clerk read as follows: ers some groups are excluded? I wish that if they are not supplied with defense personally they had all been ·excluded, weapons Without delay there may not be Amendment to_ be oft'er_ed by .Mr. McGRAN­ ERY_ to the Smith amendment: Page 2, line but they are not; and I hope we shall a post-war program, and if there is con­ 11, after "or durir..g the night", insert "Pro~ ­ learn today why the employees of' the tinued delay on account of strikes for vided, That .the valu.e in dollars and cents· railroads were excluded from this selfish gain I think I can hear them say­ which will accrue to the employer as a result amendment. I hope very much the gen­ ing: "If there is a post-war program we of the adoption of this act in connection· tleman from Virginia in his .own time in will write the formula after we get home with the subject of overtime shall revert to a little while will answer these two ques­ and you are just delaying the whole thing the United States Treasury and the same tions. I hope that then this House will by bothering with it at present." ' shall be collected by the Commissioner of vote down his amendment. The urgent and tragic need right now Internal Revenue." [Here the gavel fell.] is additional fighting equipmeqt, and the Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Chair­ The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman purpose of this bill is to expedite its pro­ man, I reserve a point of order against from South Carolina [Mr. HARE] is recog­ duction. The necessity for haste is so the amendment. nized. pronounced that to me it seems almost - Mr. McGRANERY. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. HARE. Mr. Chairman, th_e purpose unpatriotic to spend days talking about quite agree with my good friend the dis- of this bill, as shown by the title, is to fur­ peacetime recreation, peacetime oqcupa­ . tinguished gentleman from South Caro-­ tiler expedite the prosecution of the war. tion, or peacetime legislation. We should lina, that we should really get down to 1752 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY "27 winning the war. This is no time to Mr. THOM. Mr. Chairman, ·I have most successful c-otton mills in my State. create disunity. we· need unity here and gone to the statute books and I find that Here is what an o:fficial of the Rocky now; and if my good friend the gentle­ the organic law of Puerto Rico adopted Mount Cotton Mills has to say about tlie man from Virginia had thought well of in 1917 contains the following provision·: amendment under consideration: the amendment he proposes here, he That 8 hours shall constitute a day's work RocKY MouNT, N. c'., February 27,t942. would have included in it language which in all cases of employment of laborers and Hon. JOHN H. KERR, would not let benefits accrue to the em­ mechanics by and on beh'alf of the Gov­ House of Representatives: ployer to the detriment· and at the ex­ ernment of the island on public works except I sincerely hope you will oppose the Smith in cases of emergency. amendment to suspend the 40-hour week. pense of the employee. If we are to wln The elimination of overtime will only affect th:s war, we must win it with the work­ It seems to me that the suspension of unorganized labor and permit certain indus­ ing men and women of America; we must the above provision is wholly unnecessary tries to realize more profits. The wage and win it with their loyalty and devotion to for if there is any work that needs to be hom: law bas been a godsend to the working their country in the prosecution of their undertaken because of this war emer­ men and women of this State, and the over­ jobs. They are not going to do it if by gency someone in Puerto Rico who knows time provisions are holding down production reason of the suspension of laws passed more about it than we do has the right is generally made by those who have always opposed such regulation and want to see it for their benefit you take advantages under this statute to lift the 8-hour pro­ destroyed. away from them and let the employer re­ vision affecting the civil employees of Kindest regards. tain profits from the sweat of their over­ Puerto Rico. I can only assume from HYMAN L. BATTLE. time. The employer is undoubtedly un­ these facts that this particular part of justly enriched if the Smith amendment the Smith amendment has not been care­ Mr. Chairman, I know that this evi­ w.ere to pass. Today in almost every fully considered and that. the author did dence will weigh very ·heavily with the instance employer and employee are get­ not advise himself that there is a pro­ membership of the House, and I not only tfng along very well together ; the passage vision in the statutory law itself which place it in the RECORD as confirming my of this so-called Smith amendment will permits lifting of the 8-hour limitation. own opinion about this proposed amend­ in my opinion destroy this relationship. Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Will the gen- ment, .but I want to further convey to this If they are sincere about their amend­ tleman yield? · House that it is the opinion of one of the ment, I ask the gentleman from Vir­ Mr. THOM. I yield to the gentleman. great manufacturers in one of the great ginia now if he will not accept my Mr. SMITH of Virginia. If the gen­ industrial States of this Union. amendment. tleman had read my extension of remarks [Here the gavel fell.J The working men and women of Amer­ the other day in which I endeavored to The CHAIR:l\4AN. The Chair recog­ ica are loyal Americans and if this E:xplain everything that was suspended, nizes the gentleman from Arizona [Mr. amendment is passed and they know he would have found that I stated that it MURDOCK]. that their money is going back into the could be done in case ·of an emergency. Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Chairman; I ask Treasury of the United States they will Mr. THOM. Why include it in this unanimous consent that the Clerk read have no objection to it, but if it is only act, if the power now resides in the Gov­ for the information of the Committee the going to fatten the profits of an em­ ernment of Puerto Rico? amendment I have at the desk. ployer, then, of course, the working men Mr. SMITH of Virginia. If the gen­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection and women of America will feel that we tleman wants me to answer that I will to the request of the gentleman from here have discriminated against theni to bP glad to do so. Arizona? the benefit of the employer and they Mr. THOM. I should be glad to hear · There was no objection. will not have the enthusiasm in their the answer. The Clerk read as follows: jobs they now have. · I sincerely hope Mr. SMITH of Virginia. The purpose Amendment offered by Mr. MURDOCK as a. that the Smith amendment is defeated, of this amendment is to suspend the 8- substitute for the amendment offered by Mr. but if it is to pass, I trust you will adopt hour laws that did not have to do with SMITH: On page 12, after line 11, insert the following: my amendment, which provides for the safety measures. You will find a great "Notwithstanding any other' provision of recapture of profits that would otherwise many in there that may not be very ma­ law. the President is hereby -empowered and go into the pockets of the employer; the terial, but I have undertaken, with the directed, when necessary to speed war pro­ funds recaptured would then be paid into a.id of the. drafting service, to have a duction for national safety, to suspend any the United States Treasury. comprehensive inclusion of all bills which provision of existing law pertaining to hours [Here the gavel fell.] restricted hours and labor. · of labor in defense industries for the durn­ The CHA~RMAN. The gentleman Mr. THOM. Whether that is neces­ tion of the war." from Ohio [Mr. THoMJ is recognized. sary or not? Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Chairman, as a Mr. THOM. Mr. Chairman, I rise to Mr. SMITH of Virginia. That is a father of two soldiers, I can understand make a very pertinent inquiry. I· should :m~tter that the gentleman and I might how parents feel about their sons in the like to know from the author of this differ on. military service who may not be ade­ amendment why the civil employees of [Here the gavel fell.] quately equipped. However, I have no the government of Puerto Rico were in­ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair _recog­ such reports concerning my sons. I un­ cluded in it? If he can give us any light nizes the gentleman from North Caro":' derstand what any delay in military pro­ on that subject I should like to have it. lina [Mr. KERR]. duction, which is so vital now to our Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Puerto Rico Mr. KERR. Mr. Chairman and mem­ winning the war, means, and I want no Js a possession of the United States. bers of the Committee, I regret very such delay. I feel that throughout this Mr. THOM. Is there any particular much that I find myself in disagreement country there is a fear of delay and an defense work upon which these civil em­ with my distinguished friend from Vir­ imperative demand on the part of the ployees are employed at the present time ginia who has offered the amendment to public that nothing be permitted which which would necessitate the lifting of the the bill before the House known as the would retard the production of the war 8-hour law? Smith amendment. I do not think that equipment we must have to win this war. Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I have not this amendment affects any class of labor In spite of that fact, I feel that the been there, but I imagine so. at all except unorganized labor. Smith amendment goes too far, and I Mr. THOM. But the gentleman has Certainly most of us have a very great offer a substitute amendment as a com­ no advices from the goverlunent of respect for the unorganized labor of this promise. Although it has been s~ated on Puerto Rico? Nation and none of us would be willing the floor of the House today that the Mr. BRADLEY of Pennsylvania. · Will to exploit it under ariy circumstances. President already has the power my the gentleman yield? To confirm the opinion which .I have a,mendment would give him, I doubt that Mr. THOM. I yield to the gentleman about this bill I want to read to the House he now has it and i want it to be written from Pennsylvania. · a telegram which should weigh _ very into the law. I do not know whether or Mr. BRADLEY of Pennsylvania. The. heavily with.it as a piece of evidence. It not the President warits this pdwer, as I gentleman from Virginia .says he has not is a telegram from one of the outstand­ have not talked with him for we~ks and been there but he imagines so. I .hope ing cotton manufacturers in the State months. I have no m:eans of knowing this whole amendment is not based on of North Carolina, whqse organiz!ltion whether or not he WOllrd .desire. lt. I imagination. . · · for many _year~ . has conducted on~ _Df. t~e· . know, however,-that the President Qf the. 11 " ' .~ t.t CONGRESSIONAL RE_GQRD-HOUSE 1753 United States is the Commander in Chief - Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Mr. has ever been given to any other Ameri­ of the Army and Navy. On his shoulders· Chairman, the · bill before us under con­ can President in peace or in war, and rests -the responsibility of the military sideration is Senate bill 2208. The title acting with the President are the War phases of this war, and I think that on of the bill states "To further expedite Department, . Navy Department; Hon. his shoulders should · be placed this re­ the prosecution of the war." I dare say Donald Nelson, who has been placed at sponsibility of military production, which that no measure since I have been a the head of our war production. He is is equally vital in the winning of the war. Member of the House covers a wider field ably assisted by General Knudsen, one or' According to the Constitution of the or is more far-reaching in the powers the great production executives of the United States, the President is virtually granted to the President than the bill Nation, and there are other agencies co­ a dictator in time of war. Outstanding before us. We are advised that this operating with the President. Presidents have heretofore been so under measure was worked out in its original I propound these questions to the dis­ their oath of office. George Washington form by the President, the Navy Depart­ tinguished gentleman and good Demo­ was, Abraham Lincoln was, Woodrow ment, the War Department, and other crat from Virginia: Does the gentleman Wilson was, and Franklin D. Roosevelt important departments of the Govern­ contend that the Commander in Chief of must be in the conduct of this war. ment, together with those who are en­ the. Army and Navy is for his amendment? The laboring people of this country gaged directly in the war production.and Does the gentleman contend that the know the President of the United States. in the prosecution of the war. It was Secretary of the Navy is for his amend­ They know very well that labor has never introduced in the Senate and carefully ment? Does he contend that the Secre­ had a greater friend in the White House considered by the Senate. It then came tary of War is for his amendment? Does than its present occupant. Yet he has· to the House and was referred to our he contend that Hon. Donald Nelson, who dealt firmly with labor leaders and labor Judiciary Committee. Our ·committee is the generalissimo in charge of war situations where the welfare of the coun­ heard representatives of the Navy, War, production, is for his amendment? Does try was at stake. Justice, other departments and agencies the gentleman contend that General My amendment would provide simply of the Government charged with the Knudsen, or .any other important direc­ that not all regulations should be sus­ duty of providing for the defense of this tor, leader, or agency interested in the pended, but only those it is found nec~s­ Nation and the prosecution of the war. national-defense effort or in expediting sary to suspend for the proper produc­ The bill covers 16 titles. The subject our war effort, is for his amendment? I tion of war material conducive to our treated in no one title is related to the understand all of these important exec­ national safety. The President would subject treated in any other title. These utives are against his amendment. It has not go beyond due bounds in this respect. several titles cover what the administra­ been heard around here that the Pres­ No man knows better than he what is tion considers .as the additional essential ident would veto this important and nec­ needed. No man is more concerned or powers needed by the Government in or­ essary bill, if it contained the Smith anxious about the outcome of this gi­ der to expedite production and the prose­ amendment. gantic conflict than is the President. I cution of the war. Ordinarily the matters We have every reason to believe that believe American labor will be satisfied contained in these several titles would the Secretary of War, the Secretary of to have confidence in the President's di­ have been referred to several committees the Navy, Mr. Nelson, and all of those en­ rection of any necessary changes in of the House, which, under the rules of· gaged in war production efforts and in working hours conducive to our safety. the House, would probably consider them, charge of our defenses are against his Mr. Chairman, I hope this compromise but in order to expedite prompt consid­ amendment. If the President, who is the amendment will be regarded as wiser than eration and passage · of this important Commander in Chief, the Secretary of the far-reaching amendment offered by bill the administration deemed it in the War, the Secretary of the Navy, Hon. the gentleman from Virginia. interest of the national defense to com­ Donald Nelson, General Knudsen, and [Here the gavel fell.] bine all of these matters in o:he bill and others are opposed to this amendment, The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ have it considered by the Judiciary Com­ there-must be something wrong with the· nizes the gentleman from New York [Mr. mittee of the House. amendment. They are charged with the BUTLER]. With the exception of title 8, this im­ defenses of this Nation. They,. undoubt­ Mr. BUTLER. Mr. Chairman, I do portant measure received the unanimous edly, are interested in doing those things not know that what I have to say will approval ' of the Judiciary Committee. that will expedite the prosecution of the have much bearing on this question, Title 8 was stricken from the bill. Let us war. although I think I am one of the latest bear in mind that this bill was 'worked As the gentleman from Virginia has to come from the labor world into the out by the President and the other de­ intimated that he would speak after me, House. partments and agencies of the Govern­ . I should like -for him to answer these From what I have heard in the last ment for the single purpose of expediting important questions. If the President 2 days regarding this amendment that the prosecution of the war and that the and those in charge of our armed forces suspends the operation of 17 labor-laws bill before us has the approval, as I un­ on land and sea and in the air and in for the duration of this war, I think derstand it, of the President, the War charge of our production efforts are au there is no one here who can explain all Department, the NaVY Department, and of the opinion that the amendment of the the laws that will be suspended. Per­ every other department and agency of gentleman from Virginia will hinder haps we shall go back to the old sweat­ the Government charged with providing rather than expedite the defenses and the shop conditions and child labor, once for our national defense and in the pros­ war efforts of this Nation, the Congres;; these laws are suspended. ·We know we ecution of our war effort. should stop, look, and listen before had a long-drawn-out fight to get these The gentleman from· Virginia [Mr. taking that action. If this amendment is laws enacted-to get laws passed to pro­ SMITH] has offered an amendment to adopted, the bill would go back to the tect the 48,000,000 people who are work­ this bill. It has provoked a great deal of Senate, and to conference where it would ing in the labor world today. Approxi­ discussion and controversy. The impor­ likely provoke a long debate. Those in mately 12,000,000 of the 48,000,000 are tant question is, Will his amendment ex­ charge of our defenses and in our war organized. The 12,000,000 are the ones pedite the prosecution of the war? If it production efforts say that this measure who have fought to get these bills passed will, we ought to adopt it. We are in a is of vital importance and must be passed to protect the other 36,000,000 people, great war, and everything necessary now. · and they are still fighting to protect should be done to bring victory to our It has also been pointed out that the these 36,000,000 people. armed forces at the earliest moment pos­ amendment of the gentleman from Vir­ I do hope that the Smith amendment sible. If the amendment of the gentle­ ginia was introduced from the floor of will be defeated. I do not say this of man from Virginia will not aid produc­ the House. It is far reaching. It pro­ the man who introduced the bill, but the tion of war supplies and will not expedite poses to repeal many important and far­ bill itself has been more or less steeped our war effort, it should be rejected. reaching laws themselves, covering a. in the spleen of hate toward labor, and Under our Constitution the President period of 50 years and involving industry, I hope the Members will defeat it. is the Commander in Chief of our armed commerce, as well as labor. It may be [Here the gavel fell.J forces. Congress has voted for war pur­ that some steps should be taken. No The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ poses alone since July 1, 1940, inore than committee has considered the Smith nizes the gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. $142,000,000,000 and has grarited to Pres­ amendment. Neither the representa­ ROBSION]. . ident Roosevelt much more power than tives of. the Government, nor lndustry. 1754 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 27. nor labor nor commerce have had .an called upon to work m.:>re than 40 hours a time. I personally know that the laborer opportunity to be heard. None of these week? It is perfectly ridiculous to think wants to work more than 8 hours at regu­ proposals have been carefully checked or of winning -this war on any such efforts. lar pay and would gladly sign a waiver of studied by any committee. · The Smith Germany and Japan are working 100 the law if they were permitted to do so. amendment involves much more than the hours per week. Is not our cause as dear It is more than ridiculous that this House question of hours and pay of workers. and priceless as theirs?. Do not our is not only willing but anxious to suspend This Nation is now engaged in the workingmen and women love our coun­ the operation of this law through the du­ greatest, costliest, and .bloodiest war in try as much as their barbarous aggres­ ration, and this is all the amendment which it ever took part. We are now in sors do theirs? The great majority of seeks to do. .. the war. It is not the time or place to labor is willing to work for this victory I appeal to every Member of this House debate as to how we became involved in and want to work for this victory. to rally to the support of our cause and the war. The people of this Nation and I have heard so many remarks about vote for this amendment. its resources must now unite in the most what happened in 1892. For this I am I want to say to you and to the people effective effort to win the war. The in­ not responsible, as I did not discover of the Nation that, if we do not wake up terest of any particular individual . or America until 1893. I am, however, re­ and realize that we have got something group cannot outweigh the national in­ sponsible for actions here now and for besides a grand, sweet song to sing, we terest. If there -are any laws upon our the future of my Nation and the rights may wake up with the flag of Germany statute books or any conditions that can of my people, and I shall give all there is and of Japan floating over your country be and should be corrected by congres­ in me toward a victory that will preserve and mine. I do not believe the American sional action, a measure or measures American freedom for my children and people, with all the glorious traditions should be introduced to repeal any such the children of this Nation and those yet behind them, will tolerate or think about acts and to correct any such conditions, to be born. Where is the man or woman tolerating winning the war against the and then those bills should be referred that is not willing to work more than 40 powers we have got to fight on a 40-hour to the proper committees and hearings hours a week to save a Nation with all its week. Such a thought all but nauseates should be held where all interested glory, that has meant to freedom-loving me. parties, including the Government, will people what this democracy has meant Let me remind you in conclusion that have an opportunity to present their re­ to us. I recall that th£ Holy Writ says the Stars and Stripes were not hoisted spective views, and the committee report in substance that we shall work 6 days over free America on a 40-hour-per-week such measure or measures to the House and rest on the seventh, and further in basis, and that she will not continue to and Senate and there to be consid­ substance, if the ox falls in the ditch on float on free air on such a basis. ered on their merits, looking alone to the Sabbath he may be taken out. If we The CHAffiMAN. ·The Chair recog­ the highest and best interest of our could only rt:alize it, something more nizes the gentleman from Massachusetts country. I have no doubt but. what the precious than your ox is now in the ditch; [Mr. CLASON]. Congress would not hesitate to protect the American eagle is in the ditch, and Mr. CLASON. Mr. Chairman, this the Nation against any or all selfish in­ it is going to take a different type states­ amendment is so framed that I feel it may terests or groups and will take the neces­ manship and war effort than that so far work most unfairly. For instance, the sary action to promote production and exercistd to pull it out. War Department has between 60,000 and expedite the war effort and our national Production of fighting equipment is go­ 70,000 employees in its manufacturing defense. The American people will not ing to be the determining factor in this arsenals. At Springfield, Mass., · in the tolerate the attempts of any individual war, and we have no way of knowing just famous armory which is producing the or group to promote their own selfish how few lost hours will lose it for the de­ Garand rifle, there are more than 8,000 interest as against the welfare of our mocracies. Why take a chance, why not of such per diem employees. Under the Nation. stiffen up our backs and face the issue present law, they may work up to 48 hours The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ without regard to our political future and a week. They can work 40 hours on nizes the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. put our Nation above ourselves? Think straight pay and the 8 hours overtime at GIBSON]. of the sons of our American mothers and pay and a half. They are not limited to Mr. GIBSON. Mr. Chairman, I fathers who are fighting on foreign soil 8 hours in any one day, but they are lim­ strongly favor the Smith amendment, and not alone for the protection of democracy ited to· 48 hours in any one week. If the shall vote for same. but for their own lives, which hang in Smith amendment is adopted, I am ad­ Throughout this debate I have heard jeopardy 24 hours a day, who are in dire vised by an official in the War Depart­ statements for and against this measure, need of fighting equipment. Are you will­ ment that it is very likely these employees and I am forced to say that I fear the ing to desert them now? Suppose they would find themselves in the position real peril facing the democracies of the gently reposed on a 40-hour-week effort. where they might be called upon to work world is going over the heads of many They are either in action 24 hours a daY more than 40 hours a week, perhaps only of us. Are we the guardians of the labor or standing ready. How do you like to 48, or perhaps 60, but they still would be leaders or any other special interest, or walk the streets and argue and quarrel limited, in all probability, to straight pay are we guardians of the peace, liberty, while they are fighting for you and need­ and no overtime. fre t:.. dom, and happiness of our beloved ing the products of your labor? These 8,000 employees of the Spring­ democracy? I wish this question could I would like to r 'mind you that this is field Armory are very patriotic American sink deep into the hearts of the member­ in no sense a repeal of any law affecting citizens. I think the recent report of ship of this House. The life of our the rights of labor. It merely suspends Gen. Douglas MacArthur on the effective­ democracy hangs in the very balance, we the operation of a 40-hour week, thereby ness of the Garand rifle in the Philip­ can lose· this war, and if we do not de­ permitting employers to work its labor pines shows best of all the kind of pro­ part from this schoolboy picnic :philos­ more than 40 hours, and labor, a ma­ duct they are turning out. ophy, we are going to lose it. We can jority of which is fully patriotic, to work In the same community there are win, but it is going to take the best and more than 40 hours per week and thereby thousands of other people employed in all there is .in every citizen of this great do its full part in our war efforts. We similar types of work. They, through country. have sawmills in my district that took their union contracts, are in a position I have no disposition to take any right Government contracts for materials badly to secure overtime pay, time and a half, from any laboring man, and I. further needed in the national defense when la­ or even double time under certain condi­ realize that labor is due its rights of bor was plentiful. '!'heir bids were made tions, when they work over the stipulated protection. However, the rights of labor, and accepted with the knowledge that number of hours a week, usually 40 hours, industry, and every American citizen is they could work two shifts and not be even though this amendment is adopted. critically in peril, and we must all sacri­ forced to pay any overtime. Since thi:m I feel that it is very unfair that in one fice now to save the future of all of us. labor has become so scarce that they community or, for that matter, through .. Think of those in the automobile and oil either must work overtime at time and a out the United States, persons who hap­ business, they have been called upon to half-and therefore lose money on their pen to.be employees of the arsenals of the virtually forfeit their businesses, but they contracts-or either shut down when 8 ·war Department should find themselves have not murmured, and why should hours are up and thereby delay produc­ in a position where they will not be given some other class complain whe~ they are tion ·of material badly needed at this the same kind of treatment as employees 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1755 in private industry will get. Their unions gress by the surrender of controls which constitute a part of the recommendations cannot demand from the Government, logically should be retained by it. Now of the Departments o": War and Navy and and they cannot strike for better wages. we are in war. We must govern our­ others in charge of our war efforts. Fur­ In fact, they would not think of striking. selves accordingly. We cannot haggle, thermore, the amendment is disapproved . They are upholding a most honorable, debate, and procrastinate over what by the President and therefore does not century-old tradition. Their representa­ should be done with respect to acts which constitute a part of the war program de- · tives confer with the armory officials as are necessary to bring success to our signed to expedite the prosecution of the . occasion demands. They are meeting arms. We must lodge the power of de­ war efforts as promulgated by those hav­ schedules regularly in production of the cision over these matters in this critical ing the matter in hand. These 17 sus­ Garands. They are entitled to the same hour facing us in our Commander in pensions of the protective measures here­ treatment as all other Americans. This Chief. tofore enacted have not been the subject amendment discriminates against them. For my own part I determined my of hearings or examinations by the com­ I shall, therefore, vote against its adop­ course on December 7 last when the mittee with a view to determining their tion. war was thrust upon us by the cowardly full scope and the result that might fol-. Mr. BURDICK. Mr. Chairman, I rise acts of the Japanese in their attack upon low from this wholesale suspension of to make this short observation, which Pearl Harbor while professing to be nego­ these enactments. The hardships that· will not take 2 minutes: If we should tiating for peace. I determined then would follow the suspension of these laws pass the Smith amendment today, we that everything that lay within my power would fall most heavily on nonunjon em­ will be doing exactly what the French I would do to help to defeat our enemies ployees who constitute the greatest num­ Nation did before their defeat by Ger­ who are seeking to crush us. I deter-. ber of .the laboring public. Union em­ many. It will be recalled that we read mined then that in order to successfully· ployees-both A. ·F;of L. and C. I. 0. have that labor organizations 'in France were · prosecute the war we would have -to clear their hours of Iaber, pay, and ether work-­ squelched before there was any defending the decks for·battle, lay aside all differ­ ing conditions fixed by contracts entered· done against the German Army. If you ences which would in any way interfere· into as a result of their bargaining rights. - think that is the way to get patriotic with carrying out our war efforts, and In order to win the war we must main- service from labor in America-to abol­ lodge supreme and complete power -in 1 ta-in complete .and sincere unity of pur- ' ish all of the laws that_they have gath­ our Commander in Chief to bring to bear pose among all the forces of-our -Nation ­ ered throughout the last 50 · years for every resource we possess to the one erld necessary for the ·prosecution of ,the· war. their own protection and brand labor as Of winning the ·war. The determina­ Capital, labor, and the general public - unpatriotic-then I say you are taking a tion I made on December 7 I shall en­ ' must join hands wholeheartedlY· in a sin- · step whicL, in my judgment, will lead to deavor to maintain until our efforts are cere and honest effort to work together · a slack defense when we need from successful. , ip unison to bring about the fuliest pro- : unions nearly everything this country This bill now before us, it is true, is an duction in all of our war activities. possesses. omnibus bill covering 16 titles, each of Everything else must be subordinated to _ Mr. WHITE. Mr. Chairman, will the which · is separate and distinct, all of this one·effort. Without the·full cooper- . gentleman yield; which; however, have to do with the one ation of labor we cannot hope· to be sue- . - Mr.- BURDICK. Yes. undertaking to further expedite the cessful. The adoption of this -amend­ . Mr. WHITE. Is it not a fact that when· . prosecution of the war. These war ment with ·its ·far-reaching consequences · the railroad men struck in Fran~e to powers which by the bill are lodged in in th~s critical hour of our Nation's fight · improve working conditions the nation the President as Commander in Chief, to preserve its life would be ill-advised, ealled them to the colors and told them are the result of the labors of all the de­ in my judgment. Particularly so is this. as an .army to run the railroads and partment heads of the Government hav­ tru~ when to adopt it would be against break the strike? ing to do with the prosecution of the war. the recommendations of all those whom . Mr. BURDICK. In any event, the ac­ They have been meticulously examined we have placed in ·charge of. our war ef­ tion against labor in France defea.ted the and determined upon as the powers that forts and· in direct opposition to the de- · French Republic. are ·necessary to aid in the prosecution of sires and wishes of . the President him- · . Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Chairman, I ask the war. They have not only had the self as Commander in Chief, charged unanimous consent to extend my re­ approval of the legal department of the with the duties of bringing our produc- . marks a~ this point in the RECORD on the Government but of the War and Navy tive processes to full capacity. Smith amendment. Departments and others and in addition Mr. Chairman, I urge that we adopt The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? they come to us with the approval and S. 2208 without amendments, except . There was no objection. recommendation ·of the Commander in clarifying ones and those recommended ' Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Chairman, we are Chief himself. The powerful Judiciary . by the committee, to the end that the now in the midst of a devastating war, Committee of the House has given full pz:osecution of the war may be carried world-wide in its scope, which threatens consideration to these recommendations forward without interruption and that. to destroy not only our own liberties and and the bill now comes before us with the production may be increased. to. the 'full­ our country but civilization itself~ Un­ approval of that committee. est extent, so that our fighting forces on der our Constitution our President is the Mr. Chairman, for my own part I feel the far-removed 'Qattle front may be im­ Commander in Chief of our Army and duty bound to give my full support to this plemented with every instrument and Navy and the directing head of all our bill embodying as it does the combined tool for the prosecution of the war that :fighting forces. In every ·war in which recommendations of these key depart­ lies _within our power to give to them. this country has been engaged, beginning ments of our Government and the Presi­ Let us all join hands in the one supreme with the War of the Revolution, we have dent. To do less, I would violate my fixed effort in this grim hour confronting our lodged absolute and complete control and determinat:· m to do everything within N~tion to the end that this devastating. authority in the President as Com­ my power to' uphold the President in conflict may be brought to a successful mander in Chief. It would be impossible meeting the grave responsibilities rest­ determination at the earliest possible to carry on successfully an enterprise ing upon him as Commander in Chief of time. such as the one in which we are now en­ our :fighting forces. Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Chairman, gaged without delegating to the Com­ . Mr. Chairman, we now have presented I have an amendment, which I am send­ mander in Chief the power to direct our for consideration the so-called Smith ing to the des;k, and I ask to have it re­ war activities. We have already passed amendmen' offered by the gentleman ported for information at this time. one bill extending these war powers to from Virginia [Mr. SMITH] which em­ The CHAffiMAN. The Clerk will re­ the President. bodies the provisions of H. R. 6616. This port the amendment for. information. . We now have before us S. 2208, known amendment, if enacted, would suspend The Clerk read as follows: as the second war-powers bill, which has during the national emergency 17 laws Mr. WHrrriNGTON offers the following as for its purpose to further expedite the heretofore enacted by the Congress hav.­ a substitute for the pending amendment: prosecution of the war, . to accomplish ing to do with hours, wages, . overtime, "TITLE IV-A which broad and all-comprehensive and othe: provisions for the protection "That during the national emergency de­ powers are placed in the hands of the of labor. These provisions have not clared to exist by the President on May 27, President. In peacetimes it is true we come to us with the recommendation of 1941, the following provisions o! law, as would not tolerate the abdication of Con- the Judiciary Committee and do not amended, except to the extent that they are 1756 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 27 applicable to employers and employees, per­ they will not do any injustice to unor­ Every one of the 17 laws and the pro­ forming work which the President finds and ganized. labor. by order declllres is not necessary for the visions of the laws were set forth in the prosecution of the war"- · I believe in the man who toils; I favor CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Of Wednesday, collective bargaining. My sympathies February 25. He who runs should have . Mr. WHITTINGTON (interrupting the are with the laboring man. I believe, known just what provisions are sus­ reading). Mr. Chairman, the remainder however, that labor has been imposed pended. of the amendment is an e.xact copy of upon by designing and selfish leaders. All of the 17 acts referred to involve the Smith amendment. I ask unanimous This does not apply to all labor. At heart hours, days, or weeks of labor, and only consent that the further reading be dis­ labor is sound. those provisions of the acts involving pensed with at this time. Again, I believe that labor has in many hours, days, or weeks and involving Sun­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? instances been under subversive influ­ days or holidays or nights and involving There was no objection. ences. Labor is not altogether to blame. payment for time-and-a-half overtime Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Chairman, The country is demanding that labor free are suspended. All of the statutes have do I understand that this is offered as itself from undesirable leaders and un­ to do with either defense plants or with a substitute? desirable influences. The purpose of the Government works. The CHAIRMAN. The amendment is Smith amendment is really to free labor. The act of October 10, 1940, prohibit­ r~ad only for information, and will later I extend to say that, while I have op­ ing more than 8 hours upon work covered have to be offered if it is desired to have posed wages-and-hours legislation gener­ by Maritime Commission contracts stipu­ it considered. ·ally, I have done so in the conviction that lates that the provision terminates on Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Chairman, it was for each State to determine the June 30, 1942. One of the first general the pending motion is the Monroney regulations for that State. I have op­ war-power bills, known as the act of amendment. The Monroney amend­ posed sweatshops and child labor, and I June 28, 1940, authorizes the President ment provides-and I quote: have advocated a square deal for labor, to suspend for the War and Navy Depart­ both organized and unorganized. ments and the Coast Guard the provi­ In plants determined by him to be vital sions of the act respecting 8 hours' labor, to the production of war supplies, the Presi­ I repeat that I was glad to hear the dent may suspend- and the act stipulates that it shall termi­ gentlemen representing districts where nate on June 30, 1942. And so forth. The amendment that there is mucL organized labor, including If it be unfair to labor, either organ­ I propose is really a substitute for the the C. I. 0. and the A. F. of L. organiza­ ized or unorganized, to pass the pending Monroney amendment; and instead of tions, say that the Smith amendment Smith amendment, it was unfair to pass providing that the 'President may sus­ would have no effect on them, that they the acts, from which I have just quoted, pend the hours, days, or weeks of labor, w.:mid be uninfluenced by the passage of in 1940. There is nothing new about the the amendment I propose automatically the Smith amendment. They state that principle. If it were necessary to suspend suspends by the adoption of the Smith organized labor is protected by contracts in 1940 to prepare for war, it is a great amendment those days, hours, and weeks that will run along for some time. The deal more necessary to suspend in 1942 and gives the President of the United complete answer is that if organized labor to win the war. States the authority to declare what work is not affected they have no complaint There is another reason for the sus­ is not necessary to the prosecution of the w?.th respect to the Smith amendment. Pension provided in the pending amend­ war by excepting such work from the The further answer is that if organized ment. One of the statutes at least pro­ Smith amendment-and I quote my labor is not affected, certainly unorgan­ hibits more than 30 hours in any one amendment: ized labor is not injured. The fact is week under loans furnished by the Re­ that none of the real rights of either or­ Except to the extent that they are ap­ con ~ .truction Finance Corporation. Tax­ plica:...le to employers and employees per­ ganjzed or unorganized labor is invaded payers must foot the bill Ot:Pers of the forming work which the President finds and by the pending amendment. No legisla­ statutes only involve the suspension of by order declares is not necessary to the tion against sweatshops and child labor, the 8-hour day in emergencies. No ref­ prosecution of the war. and no similar legislation is involved. erence is made tu the 40-hour week. In a word, the Smith amendment, It is no time for quibbling. A question The amendment contemplates the which has been analyzed by the remarks was asked as to what section and para­ statutory suspension of the provisions in of the gentleman from Virginia, as graph of the Communications Act of any of the laws. and they do occur in shown by the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of 1934, as amended in 1941, was involved. several of the acts. that require payment February 25, 1942, page 1650, suspends Members of Congress have received full of time and a half for overtime and for only the days, weeks, and hours of 17 notice; they know what provision of the holidays and for nights. acts, including the Communication Act, Communications Act is involved. The Such provisions were inserted in the as amended, which has reference to the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. SMITH] act for peacetimes. They are not re­ hours of radio inspectors, and including was careful to state that the pending pealed; they are only suspended for the the Puerto Rico Act affecting only Gov­ amendment was prepared by the draft­ wartime. If soldiers can fight longer ernment work in Puerto Rico. ing service and he was careful to state than 8 hours a day or longer than 40 I am delighted that the gentleman that the analysis of the amendment and hours a week, laborers should be willing from Massachusetts [Mr. CASEY] has that the statutes affected by the amend­ to work longer. said that the Smith amendment can do ment have been placed in the CoNGRES­ There must be no misunderstanding. no injustice to organized labor. The siONAL RECORD in connection with his The amendment does not prohibit the amendment provides that the two acts speech of February 25, 1942, and a full payment of time and a half for over­ where we gave the President the right analysis appears on page 1650 of the time; it does not in any wise prevent to suspend until June 30, 1942, shall be RECORD. The only part of the Com­ collective bargaining; it leaves the em­ continued until December 31, 1944, and munications Act, as amended, that is ployees free to bargain collectively; it provides, not for the repeal but for the affected involves the compensation for leaves unorganized labor just where it is. suspension as respect hours and days and radio inspectors. They are Government There is no discrimination between the weeks of each of these 17 acts that have employees. two. to do either with defense construction or Another question was asked with re­ Some of the 17 statutes, I repeat, refer with Government work, and that they spect to the statute of March 3, 1917, to 8 hours. They do not refer to the 40- shall be suspended for the duration of respecting the government of Puerto hour week. Some of them make no ref­ the war. . Rico. The analysis of the bill' shows erence to time and a half for overtime. I am glad to know that the gentle­ that it refers to the 8 hours with respect The real purpose of the pending amend­ men who spoke from districts where to the employment by the Government ment is to provide for the abolition of the there is organized labor say that these on public works. If the United States 40-hour week in war industries. Wages amendments can do them no injustice. I is to pay for work in Puerto Rico during are not involved-only hours, days, and believe we can depend upon it that if they the war, the workers should cooperate weeks are involved in this amendment. do not do any injustice to organized labor and work longer hours, if necessary. It is intended to apply to defense indus- 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1757 tries. Such is the purpose of the Mon- mention or to describe a single provision The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentle­ roney amendment. · of the pending amendment that will in­ man make that statement as a parlia­ I believe it is time for Congress to jure or destroy a single right of unorgan­ mentary inquiry? speak up. Under the Monroney amend­ ized labor. I repeat that if it will not in• Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Yes, Mr. ment it would be for the President to terfere with the rights of organized labor, Chairman. suspend the hours, the days, and the it will not interfere with the rights of The CHAIRMAN. The Chair invites weeks laws in defense plants. Congress unorganized labor. attention to page 6 of Cannon's Prece­ should not straddle any longer. If it is I put country above labor, either or­ dEnts, where a diagram appears, that sound for the President to suspend, it is ganized or unorganized. No man has de­ clearly shows the parliamentary situa­ equally sound for Congress to suspend. nounced the profiteer more than I. No tion. An amendment is in order. An While I have opposed wages-and-hours man has denounced the corrupt contrac­ amendment to the amendment is in legislation, my activities in the pending tor more than I. I have advocated legis­ order. A substitute for the amendment amendment are directed toward produc­ lation to curb excessive profits to contrac­ is in order, and an amendment to the sub­ tion in national-defense industries. If tors. I wish there were such legislation stitute. All those can be pending at one by any construction any part of the 17 in the pending bill. The amendment time, but any other would be in the third acts that are involved relates to manu­ deals with labor. Other bills cover con­ degree. facturing or to industries that are not tracts and cover taxes. I will continue Mr. SMITH of Virginia. As far as I engaged in the production of war sup­ to vote to eliminate the racketeer, am concerned, the Whittington substi­ plies, they are not involved, but to make whether he be a contractor or whether tute is entirely agreeable to me. The assurance doubly sure and to present he be a labor leader. I will continue to effect of it is that it suspends these the concrete question to Congress and vote to curb the racketeer, whether he same laws, but it leaves in the hands of to abolish the 40-hour week in defense is a capitalist or whether he is a so­ the President the power to exempt from industries, I believe that it would be bet­ called labor leader. that exception any industry that he re­ ter to substitute for the Monroney I believe in the rights of labor. I am gards as not essential to national de­ amendment, which authorizes the Pres­ always sympathetic with those who toil, fense. ident, in plants determined by him to be but I will continue whenever and wher­ Now, Mr. Chairman, a further parlia­ vital to the production of war supplies, ever I can to eliminate the racketeers mentary inquiry. who would destroy the gains and rights to suspend the hours and the days, and The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will in lieu of that to amend the Smith that labor has attained. state it. amendment by providing that the Smith My purpose in offering the amendment amendment shall not be applicable to to the Smith amendment is to promote Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Can the any employers or employees performing the passage of the substance of the Smith Whittington substitute be offered and voted upon before the others are dis­ work which the President finds, and by amendment, and the real purpose of that posed of? order declares, is not necessary to the amendment is to abolish the 8-hour day prosecution of the war. While· I favor and the 40-hour week for the duration of The CHAIRMAN. If the amendment the Smith amendment, I shall, there­ the war. is offered as a substitute for the pending fore, propose in due time the Smith bill If any oppose the real purpose of the Smith amendment it can be offered, but with the proposed amendment; or, if the amendment on the ground that collective the amendment to the amendment, such Monroney amendment is defeated, I will bargaining would be affected, or if they as the amendment offered by the gentle­ offer an amendment to the Smith bill, oppose it on the ground that they favor man from Oklahoma [Mr. MoNRONEY] excepting from the suspension and mak­ time and a half pay for overtime work, would be voted on first before the ques­ ing the Smith amendments inapplicable then I suggest that an amendment would tion would recur on the substitute for to employers and employees performing be in order to state definitely that col­ the pending amendment. work which the President finds is not lective bargaining is not affected or an Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Then after ·necessary to the prosecution of the war. amendment to strike out the provisions all these amendments are voted on the Labor is patriotic; labor wants to work that would suspend payment of time and Whittington substitute would be voted longer than 8 hours when necessary. a half for overtime. The remedy is not upon? Labor wants to work longer than 40 hours to defeat an amendment that will enable The CHAIRMAN. If it is offered it a week when necessary. Labor is willing labor to produce. The remedy is to per­ would be voted upon next preceding the to work on holidays. I believe that if sol­ fect legislation that will enable Donald vote on the gentleman's amendment. diers are not paid time and a half for Nelson, charged with production, to have Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Chairman, overtime, labor will be willing to work, defense plants work on holidays. a parliamentary inquiry. . or at least will be satisfied with the right I believe that our soldiers are just as The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will to bargain collectively as to overtime. patriotic as our workers. We have state it. The question before the House is the drafted soldiers; we did not depend on Mr. WHITTINGTON. Under the par­ passage of legislation to promote the win­ volunteers. If we can draft soldiers, if we liamentary situation, is it not true that I ning of the war. I know of no better way have not depended on volunteers for the am precluded from offering the amend­ to aid in that great objective than in free­ armed forces, we can legislate, and we ment which I propose to the original ing labor from subversive influences, un­ should legislate, to suspend the 40-hour Smith amendment, as a substitute for the desirable leadership, and leadership that week for the duration of the war. amendment offered by the gentleman may contribute to depriving labor of [Here the gavel fell.] from Oklahoma [Mr. MONRONEY]? many of the gains it has obtained. · The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman is The real purpose of the Smith amend­ from Virginia [Mr. SMITH] is recognized. correct in that no amendment to the ' ment is to save labor, organized and un­ Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Chair· amendment offered by the gentleman organized, from those who would sacri­ man, the gentleman from Mississippi from Oklahoma is in order, because it fice labor to·promote their selfish ends. [Mr. WHITTINGTON] has jUSt offered a would be in the third degree. Those who oppose the Smith amend­ substitute for the so-called Smith amend­ Mr. WHITTINGTON. For that reason ment have admitted that organized labor ment. As I understand the parliamen­ I did not offer it as an amendment to the will be deprived of no rights because there tary situation, before that substitute can amendment. is nothing to prevent collective bargain­ be voted upon we must first vote upon ing. They ask, however, for the defeat of the various pending amendments and the A further parliamentary inquiry, Mr. the pending amendment on the ground amendments which have been read for Chairman. that they will prejudice unorganized la­ information. After the Smith amend­ The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will bor. I believe that those who make these ment has been perfected-if I may use state it. statements are unconsciously influenced that expression-then the substitute of­ Mr. WHITTINGTON. I have an­ by their partiality for organized la!xlr. fered by the gentleman from Mississippi nounced that I propose to offer that as The best proof I can offer of this state· will be in order without further debate. an amendment. Is it not true that in ment fs that those who said it would in· Have I stated it correctly. Mr. Chair­ the event the Monroney amendment is Jure unorganized labor have failed to man? rejected by the committee, then it would LXXxvni--111 1758 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 27 be in order for me to offer. this amend­ will be no agriculture. Unity is essential The question was taken; and on a divi­ ment as an amendment to the Smith to the winning of this war. This bill sion (demanded by Mr. MoNRONEY) there amendment? came before the subcommittee of which were ayes 83 and noes 162. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman is I am chairman under those circum­ So the amendment was rejected. correct. stances. Hearings were had, and on both Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Chairman, Mr. WHITTINGTON. And that I pro­ sides of the aisle in the subcommittee I offer an amendment. This is the same pose to do. and in the full Committee on the Judi­ amendment that has been reported, but Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Chairman, a ciary the views and expressions of the I now offer it independently. parliamentary inquiry. President were listened to respectfully The Clerk read as follows: The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will and patriotically. Amendment offered by Mr. WHI'.ITINGTON state it. This provision that comes before us to the amendment offered by Mr. SMITH of Mr. MURDOCK. I have a substitute today in the form of an amendment Virginia: On page 1, line 9, after "amended", for the Smith amendment. In what which will have the effect, the far-reach­ insert "except to the extent that they are order is it presented? ing effect, of changing drastically 17 laws, applicable to employers and employees per­ The CHAIRMAN. It would be in order dating back as far as 1892, was not be­ forming work which the President finds and to be offered at any time before action fore the subcommittee or the full Com­ by order (feclares is not necessary to the on the Smith amendment is taken. mittee on the Judiciary. Hearings were prosecution of the war." Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Chairman, I had on the other titles but not on this. The CHAIRMAN. All debate on the have a substitute amendment for the · I do not think this is a partisan thing; amendment is exhausted. The question Smith amendment which is at the desk, I do not think this is a thing in which is on the amendment offered by the gen­ and if debate is closed I would like to . we need consider anything· but our pa­ tleman from Mississippi. have the Clerk read it. triotic duty as Americans. The amendment was rejected. The CHAIRMAN. Debate is not closed I think we should give regard-Demo­ Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Chairman, I because there are two more names on crats, Republicans, and Independents­ offer a substitute for the Smith amend­ the list. to the views and wishes of the Com­ ment. Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, a par­ mander in Chief of the armed forces of The Clerk read as follows: liamentary inquiry. the United States and pass this bill as Amendment offered by Mr. MuanocK as a The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will it has been recommended with such substitute for the amendment offered by state it suggestions in the titles which are sub­ Mr SMITH of Virginia: On page 12, after line Mr. DONDERO. Would the amend­ mitted as we deem proper, but I do not 11, insert: ment proposed by the gentleman from believe, as chairman of the subcommittee "Notwithstanding any oth~r provision of Arizona. [Mr. MuRDOCK] be in order be­ which conducted these hearings, that it law the President is hereby empowered and fore the amendment offered by Mr. MoN­ is in line with proper procedure and that directed, when necessary to speed war pro­ duction for national safety, to suspend any RONEY is voted on? it is going to effectuate unity or forward provision of existing law pertaining to hours The CHAIRMAN. It could be offered, our war aims to come· into this House of labor in defense industries for the duration but it would not be voted on before the without a word of hearings from anyone of the war." amendment offered by the gentleman in the Army, the _Navy, the President from Oklahoma rMr. MONRONEY]. But himself, or his advisers, or those who are The CHAIRMAN. The question is on it is not offered as an amendment to the delegated by him, and attempt to legis­ the amendment offered by the gentleman Smith amendment. I understand it will late on the :floor of the House. I think from Arizona [Mr. MURDOCK] to the be offered as a substitute for the Smith if we are going to approach the question amendment offered by the gentleman amendment. involved in the Smith amendment, we from Virginia [Mr. SMITH]. Mr. POWERS. Mr. Chairman, a par­ should do it in an ordel'ly way, and that The amendment to t.t ~e amendment liamentary inquiry. we should have the advice-and counsel of was rejected. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will those who an primarily charged with Mr. McGRANERY. Mr. Chairman, a state it. the responsibility of conducting. this war. parliamentary inquiry. · Mr. POWERS. If the Monroney Let us remember that we are at war. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will amendment is adopted, will there be a Let us ren~ember that this Nation is in state it. vote on the Smith amendment? peril. When we vote on this amendment Mr. McGR~ERY. Mr. Chairman, The CHAIRMAN. Yes. Action cannot we should consider. the views of those in view of the fact that I have sent to be taken in. the House without the House­ who are primal"ily charged with the re­ the Clerk's desk an amendment, and in voting, except by unanimous consent. sponsibil~ty of the war. We have not had view of the statement made by the dis­ The Chair would like to make an in­ .the benefit of their views. For this rea­ tinguished chairman of the Subcommit­ quiry. There are two other names... ap~ son I do not believe the Smith amend­ tee on the Judiciary and the vote just pearing on the list, the gentleman from ment should be adopted, or any proposal taken, I do not desire to press my amend­ Texas [Mr. SUMNERS] and the gentleman in substitution for it. ment at this time. Will {t be necessary from Nebraska [Mr. McLAUGHLINl. · Do [Here the gavel fell.] for me to obtain unanimous consent to both gentlemen seek recognition? . Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Chairman, .I withdraw that amendment? . Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. I do not seek ask unanimous consent that · as each The CHAIRMAN. It is not, because .recognition, Mr. Chairman. amendment is voted on the Clerk may the amendment has not been offered. It The .CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ read it 'so that we may have it clearly was read for information only. nizes the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. in mind and not be confused. · Mr. McGRANERY. I may say, Mr. - McLAuGHLINl for 5 minutes. · The CHAffiMAN. Without objection, .Chairman, that I will not offer it. Mr. McLAUGHLIN. Mr. Chairman, I 1t is so ordered. · The CHAIRMAN. The question. is on think it would be well for us in passing · There was · no objection. .the amendment offered by the gentleman on this amendment to consider the cir­ The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk· ·wm from Virginia [Mr. SMITH]. cumstances under which the bill comes _again report the amendment offered by . The question was taken; and on a before us. .the gentleman from Oklahoma [Mr. division there were-ayes 62, noes 226. United States is the Commander in Chief · The Clerk read as follows: So the amendment was rejected. of the armed forces of our Nation. He is Amendment offered by Mr. MoNRONEY: ·Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, the Commander in Chief of those on the ·.Page 1, line 9, after "as amended", strike I offer an amendment, which I send to left side of the aisle as ·well as of those on .out the remainder of the line and insert "may be suspended by the President in plants the Clerk's desk. the right. The President of the United 'determined by him to be vital to production The Clerk read as follows: States requested certain changes in.exist­ of war supplies, insofar as they-" Amendment offered by Mr. SMITH of Ohio: ing law for the purpose of expediting .our ·Immediately following title IV insert a new war efforts. Our effort is devoted to the The CHAIRMAN. The question is on title as follows: winning of this war. Unless we win this the amendment offered by the gentle­ "Title IV (a) relating to eligibility for the war there will be no parties, there will be man from Oklahoma to the amendment benefits of the Civil Service Retirement Act no capital, there will be no labor, there offered by the gentleman tram Virginia. and the preservation o:S: tbe credit of the 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1759 · 6overnment to faciUtate the preseeution of vites attention to a part of the ruling of Mr. HANCOCK. I wish the gentleman the war. the Chair made yesterday on a point of would tell us where he finds the consti• "That the Civil Service Retir~ment Act o:Fdir made at that time, as follows: tutional authority for this amendment. 'f May 29, 1930, as amemlt~d, shall not a.pply to any ofllcer or employee of ,the United Therefore the Chair is of the opinion that Mr. KEOGH. I would be very haPP1 States or of the munieipal ~overnment of the only proper and reasonable test that can to refer the ientleman to the very dis· the District of Columbia in a elass or posi­ be applied in a situation of this kind is the tinguished chairman of the House Com .. tion which was not within 11he purview of subject matter and the purpose covered by mittee on the Judiciary, who on May 5, such act of May 29, 1930, a-s amended, on the pending bill and the pending amend­ 1937, submitted an informal opinion to January 23, 1942." ment. The purpose of the pending bill is to the then Speaker. It seems to me that Mr. CELLER. Mr. Chairman, a par­ further expedite the prosecution of the war. the crux of the constitutional question liamentary inquiry. The amendment offered by the gentle· would turn upon the fact that the various The CHAIRMAN. The ~entleman will inan from Ohio [Mr. SMITH] has to do titles of this bill are separate and dis­ state it. with the Civil Service Retirement Act of tinct and, in fact, constitute separate Mr. CELLER. May I inquire, Mr. May 29, 1930, as amended, and would bills. Chairman, whether or not that amend­ affect the domestic employees of the Gov­ MAY 5, 1937. ment is to be inserted after title IV (a) ernment. Certainly there is nothing in Hon. WILLIAM B. BANKHEAD, which was just defeated, or title IV? the pending amendment to indicate to Speaker, the House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair under­ the Chair that it is related to the subject MY DEAR MR. SPEAKER: You will recall that stands it is o1fered as a new title to fol­ matter covered by the pending bill. the other day when we were discussing your low title IV. The Chair is of the opinion it is ·not suggestion that I prepare a proposed amend­ Mr. McLAUGHLIN. Mr. Chairman, germane to the pending bill and sustains ment to the Constitution authorizing the I make the point of order that the the point of order. President to veto separable items in appro­ amendment is not germane. Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Chairman, I offer priation bills, I suggested that it might be The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentle­ an amendment. worth while to consider whether such power man from Ohio [Mr. SMITH] desire to be may not be exercised without amending the The Clerk read as follows: Constitution. heard? I have been able to uamine only the text Mr. SMITH of Ohio. I do, Mr. Chair­ Amendment otrered by Mr. KEOGH: On page 12, after line 11, insert a new title, as follows: of the applicable provisions of the Constitu­ man. "TITLE IV (A). The President shall have the tion. I have some familiarity with the his.. The CHAffiMAN. The Chair Will be power ·to deal with each of the titles of this torical background, none with the precedents, pleased to hear the gentleman. bill as if each title were a separate bill, as is decisions, etc. But the purpose and plan Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, provided by article I, section 7, of the Con­ are so clearly revealed by the text of the Con­ the purpose of S. 2208, as stated in the · stitution." stitution that an examination of precedents title, is "To further expedite the prosecu­ and decisions is unnecessary to the formation Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Chairman, while I of a tentative opinion which I am transmit· tion of the war." appreciate that perhaps the necessity for ting for your consideration. There are 15 titles in this bill, not 1 this amendment is not as cogent as it It is my opinion that the word "bill," which of which is related to any of the others. might have been if the events of the last 1s the key word in the text, insofar as the Perhaps the most germane part of this 15 minutes bad turned out differently. I instant question is concerned, should have a whole bill to its objective is title IV. construction not more narrow than the This is specifically designed to preserve · should, however, like to submit for the separable items in the b111, I mean items the credit of the Government. The de­ earnest consideration of the Committee which m~ght have been the subject· matter this amendment, since it embrace& a of separate b1lls. I do not hold this word bates relating to it clearly show that it is principle of legislating that has been long may not be given even a more liberal -con­ intended to provide a reserve market for advocated by serious students of govern­ struction, but I am willing to go as far as Government securities. Under this title ment, and which, in fact; has been separable items without al}y further explora­ the Treasury is supposed to use the tions. If I should find contrary decisions, adopted by 39 of the 48 States. powers granted in it only in em~rgency­ etc., I would not be able to agree with them when there may be danger of a falling If this House earnestly seeks to.imple­ though I might be compelled to abide by them. market for Government securities. ment by the pending bill the prosecution I have no hesitancy in saying that the pur­ Now, my amendment is also specifically of the war, it must, I respectfully sub­ pose and plan of the Constitution would be designed to safeguard the credit of the mit, give serious consideration to the ca-·ried out by the construction which I have principle involved in this amendment. indicated, and that it is not carried out by Government. It seeks to save to the tax­ th present construction. The present con­ payers, and therefore to the Treasury, The various titles embraced in this bill struction makes it necessary to veto an en­ $44,000,000 annually by repealing the are in fact separate bills. The bill seeks tire bill in order to give to the Congress the provision in the Ramspeck Act which sets to confer upon the Executive such supple­ benefit of the President's objection to a single up pensions for 250,000 political job hold­ mentary power as he deems necessary to item in that bill. On the other hand, it ers drawing salaries up to ten and twelve carry out his constitutional responsi­ compels the President to give official approval thousand dollars a year. bility. That is his and not our primary to an item which he does not approve in order responsibility. We should not, therefore, to avoid vetoing the whole bill, some pro­ What possibly could be more necessary visions of which he may consider very im- to prosecute this war than to protect the present to him such a comprehensive bill portant. · credit of the United States Treasury? It as the one under consideration and com­ The plan of the Constitution in its entire is unqualifiedly the most-needed thing pel him to accept it or reject it in toto. concern is that proposed legislation which in the United States today to prosecute We must not assume in this connection has received congressional endorsement shall this war. We have not got a dime to pay to invade the Executive's prerogatives. become law when the President shall examine pensions to political job holders. We Above all, we should not attempt to in_. and approve it; and if it be disapproved, the need every penny we can rake and scrape elude within the bill additional matters judgment of the Congress be taken again in about whose merits there may be any the light of the President's objections, which together to buy guns, planes, tanks, and judgment 1s to be expressed by a two-thirds ships. doubt. vote of the Houses of Congress. It is a part I therefore submit, Mr. Chairman, that This bill, being in reality 16 separate of the plan that legislation which the Houses my amendment is germane to the pur­ and distinct bills, we should as a result of Congress and the President, as a matter pose of this bill. recognize that fact, and we can recognize of fact, approve become law as soon as their The CHAIRMAN (Mr. COOPER). The it by including here the well defined and minds meet and the formalities of the Con:. recognized principle embraced in tbe stitution are complied with. Permitting Chair is ready to rule. otncial approval by the President of that The gentleman from Ohio [Mr. SMITH] amendment; Our sole objective should which is agreed to and disapproval of that o1fers an amendment which is sought to be, as stated in the title of the bill, fur­ to which he objects would be in harmony be included as a new title to the pending ther to expedite the prosecution of the with the plan and purpose of the applicable bill. The gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. war. This objective should never be lost provision of the Constit ution. Any construc­ McLAUGHLIN] makes a point of order sight of by any branch of the Govern­ tion of the word "bill" which compels the ment or by any segment of the people. President. officially to approve that which he against the amendment on the ground it does not approve in order to avoid striking is not germane. Mr. HANCOCK. Mr. Chairman, will down the whole bill, or, on the other hand, The Chair has examined the amend­ the gentleman yield? tr- strike down the whole bill in order to ment offered by the gentleman from Ohio Mr. KEOGH. I yield to the gentleman reach items he does not approve, is a con• [Mr. SMITH], and in that connection in- from New York. struction contrary to this plan. 1760 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECQRD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 27 No accepted ru1e of constitutional construc­ restricting the war policy of our Govern­ Mr. STEAGALL. Mr. Chairman, I rise tion makes it incumbent upon . effectuating ment. officers so to construe this word "bill" as to in opposition to the pro forma amend- compel them to violate the clear purpose and The legislative procedure adopted in ment·. . plan of the Constitution. The "bill" to be the pending bill might tend to run coun­ Mi-. Chairman, the· g-entleman from returned with objections means not the en­ ter with the fast-changing events of these Michigan [Mr. WoLCOTT] has very cor­ tire number of separable legislative items days. rectly stated to the House just what is assembled under one caption, but any of the Vesting authority in the President to involved in the amendment that was items assembled under that caption which consider the titles of this bill, as if each adopted on yesterday. I will say that, lik~ it is practical to isolate and make the object were a separate bill would, it seems to of Executive disapproval. · other Members of the House, I had not This, you understand, is a tentative opin­ me, be sound legislating and urge that read the amendment until after it was ion. I am asking a couple of members of the the committee will give careful, com­ adopted. I went to the Speaker's desk Judiciary Committee to examine further into plete, and I hope, favorable considera­ and found that instead of fixing a limita­ the matter. As soon as they shall have com­ tion to the amendment I have proposed: tion upon the amount of bonds which the pleted the examination and a conference is Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Chairman, I Treasury might sell direct to the Federal had, I shall advise you further. move to strike out the last word. Reserve banks, the limitation applied to With kind personal regards, Mr. Chairman, on yesterday this com..: all obligations tbat might be purchased Sincerely yours, mittee did a thing which apparently it HA'ITON W. SUMNERS. by the Federal Reserve banks. did not intend to do. At the proper time Now, what is the situation? There is Mr. HANCOCK. The titles in this bill I expect to offer an amendment to ·correct very little difference between what we did are not separate bills any more than the the error which was made yesterday. yesterday and what will be done if we items of an appropriation bill. According to the debate on the amend­ adopt the amendment that has been sug­ Mr. KEOGH. The closest analogy ment offered by the gentleman from Vir­ gested by the gentleman from Michigan. that I think I might call to the gentle­ ginia [Mr. SMITH] to title IV, it was Already we have something like $50,000,- man's attention is an omnibus claims clearly the intention of the committee 000,000 of direct Government obligations; bill, where this House votes upon the to restrict the amount of bonds and in addition to that some twelve or fifteen omnibus bill and, under the rules· of other obligations which the Federal Re­ billion dollars of indirect obligations: the House, on 'the passage of that bill it serve might buy directly from the Treas­ Before we shall have finished . with is dissolved into its separate titles. I ury to $5,000,000,000. Because , that financing the war we are sure to have an feel, however, that this is not the· time amendment was inserted in the wrong enormous 1ncrease:in.the amount of Gov­ nor the place to argue the constitutional­ place, it is very apparent that what we ernment- obligations incident to the war ity of this provision. I am certain there did do, unwittingly and unconsciously, program. The-amount of $5,000,000,000 are students of constitutional law here was to restrict to $5,000,000,000 the · is insignificant in the present program. who will concede that this is a principle amount of bonds and other obligations So if we limit the Federal Reserve banks which comes squarely within our Consti­ which the Federal Reserve could buy to the amount of $5,000,000,000 that they tution and . has long been · advocated, either in the open market or. from the may purchase directly from the Treasury, especially with respect to appropriation Treasury. What we did in fact, appar ... we might just about as well leave the law bills. ently, was to confine the financing of as it is and strike out the provisions of Mr. HANCOCK. I may say that omni­ this war to $5,000,000,000. I do not title 4 of the bill. Either amendment bus claims bills consist of titles originally think that was the intent of the com­ would nullify the purpose of the provi­ introduced as individual bills and under mittee. sion of the pending bill. The purpose of the rules are considered as one biiJ, but This shows the difficulty of · trying · to the provision is to permit the Federal Re..: that is only for the purpose of expediting amend bills of this nature hurriedly on serve banks to purchase sufficient obliga­ t.nd facilitating action in the House. the floor of the Congress. Of course, tions to prevent any embarrassment or After tht. House has acte~ upon t- ·.em, this gives weight to the argument that difficulty in floating such obligations as they are divided into the separate bills this provision should have been given may be · necessary in the future and, they were oricinally. several days of hearings · before it was meantime, protect outstanding obliga­ Mr. KEOGH. I do not mean to get ever reported by the committee. in the tions already in the hands of the public. into a lengthy colloquy with the gentle­ first place. These obligations must be fully protected man, but actually that has been the Now, I expect to offer an amendment to insure successful war operations of the practice which has been incorporated in at the proper time' to insert the lan­ Treasury. this bill. The 16 separate titles would guage in 'its pr0per place, which would There is no danger of inflation in this have gone to upward of 10 of the stand­ be following the quotation marks and the provision. This has been explained ing committees, but for the purpose of period at the end of the sentence, on already. expediting the consideration of this bill page 11. The amendment will be to add The same authority for the issuance of they have been embraced within this a proviso that the total of all holdings currency exists in connectiQn with obli­ omnibus bill, which was referred to the purchased by the Federal Reserve direct­ gations purchased from the public as Committee on the Judiciary. ly from the Treasury of the United States would be the case as to obligations pur­ Mr. HANCOCK. It may be bad prac­ should not exceed $5,000,000,000. If that chased directly from the Treasury. Fed­ tice, but all these titles are embraced in is accepted, as it should be to clear up eral Reserve officials are not favorable to one bill. They have not been considered the error, then I shall ask unanimous inflation. They have used their powers separately. Under the Constitution the consent that the language adopted yes­ repeatedly by raising reserve require­ President can only sign it or return it terday and inserted in an incorrect place ments to prevent inflation. with his objections. following the word "interest" may be Let me say to the House that this Mr. KEOGH. I question the validity stricken from the bill. I hope it will be amendment is calculated to create great of that statement, but I do not mean to accepted, because.it apparently was the difficulties for the Government in financ­ be impolite. · · intent of the committee to do that very ing this war. It ought not to be adopted. · Mr. HANCOCK. I refer the gentle­ thing yesterday. This bill should be passed as it was orig­ man to article I, section 7, of the Consti- . Mr. CASEY of Massachusetts. Mr. inally reported and be retained until the tution. · Chairman, will the gentleman yield? task now confronting the country shall ·• Mr. KEOGH. I refer the gentleman Mr. WOLCOTT. I yield. have been finished. The hasty vote yes­ also to. a statement that app'eared in the Mr. CASEY of Massachusetts. Is the terday should admonish us that this kind CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Of January 14, gentleman offering that amendment of legislation should not be acted upon 1938. now? hastily, or in the absence of a full and Certainly we should follow no course, Mr. WOLCOTT. No; I say I shall complete understanding of what it in­ at the moment, other than to work in offer it at the proper time. volves. I hope .the Committee will not complete harmony with our Commander Mr. CASEY of Massachusetts. I think adopt any amendment to the provisions in Chief. ' We should go further and as~ the gentleman is -absolutely correct.· of title IV of.this bill. The thing to do is siduously avoid in any way interfering or [Here the gavel fell ..J to defeat the amendment. now before us~ 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1761 and when the bill Is considered in the The Clerk read as follows: amount of purchases that may be ·made House let the amendment hastily adopted Amendment offered by Mr. WoLCoTT: · Page during the war. There was some confu­ on yesterday.be eliminated by a separate 12, line 11, strike out the period and the quo­ sion and I was endeavoring to think of vote. tation marks, add a colon and the following: something else when this was introduced. Mr. DEWEY. Mr. Chairman, I move "Provided, however, That the total of all I desire to offer an amendment to the to strike out the last two words. holdings purchased direct from the Treasury amendment, if it has not already been of the United States shall not exceed agreed to. There was some confusion as Mr. Chairman, I would like to read into $5,000,000,000." . the RECORD at this point the colloquy be­ to the parliamentary situation. tween the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Chairman, the The CHAIRMAN. The ,question before SMITH], who proposed the amendment, amendment is in keeping with the re­ the Committee is on the amendment of­ and myself. The amendment that my marks that I have previously made, and fered by the gentleman from Michigan most able chairman of the Banking and if it is adopted I expect to ask unanimous [Mr. WOLCOTT]. Currency Committee refers to has al­ consent to strike out the language that Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Is it in order l'eady been passed, but it did not quite was adopted yesterday, in keeping with now for me to offer an amendment to correctly carry out the meaning and the the amendment offered by the gentleman that amendment? · spirit of the amendment. from Virginia [Mr. SMITH] where it ap­ The CHAffiMAN. It is. I read the following: pears after the word "interest" in the Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Then I offer bin. the following amendment, which I send Mr. DEWEY. Mr. Chairman, in addressing Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Mr. Chair­ to the desk. · the House this morning relative to the I The Clerk read as follows: amendment I offered I stated that the main man, ask unanimous consent that the purpose of the amendment was to take care amendment be again reported. Amendment offered by Mr. SUMNERS · of of the requirements of the Treasury Depart­ The CHAmMAN. Without objection, Texas to the amendment of the gentleman ment during any possible emergency, but at the Clerk will again report the Wolcott from Michigan : the same time to somewhat limit what they aMendment. "Prov~ded, however, That the aggregate might consider was the emergency require­ There was no objl;lction, and the Clerk amount of such obligations purchased di­ ment. I like the amendment offered by my rectly from the Treasury Which are held at again reported the Wolcott amendment. any one time shall not e-xceed $5,000,000,000." colleague the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. M:.:. Chair­ SMITH], and am .prepared to withdraw my man, if I understand the amendment The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentle­ own amendment, becaus~ his amendment eets a definite limit in dollars as to the from its reading, it puts a limit upon the man desire to offer that as an· amend­ amount of s~urities the Treasury may sell purchases that may be made by the Fed­ ment to the pending amendment or as a directly. to the Federal Reserve Systet;n, and, eral Reserve banks throughout this emer­ substitute? as I understand, have outstanding in an gency. · Is that correct? Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. I think it aggregate amount at any one time. I . would Mr. WOLCOTT. That is correct. should be offered as a substitute. like to ask the ge~tleman from Virginia if Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. We hope The CHAffiMAN.- The Clerk will what I have stated is his understancUng? . that the amendment will be defeated, be­ again report the amendment offered by Mr. SMITH of Virginia. That Is my under­ cause it puts a limitation upon the total the gentleman from Texas as a substi­ standing. The only limitation imposed by tute for the pending amendment. the amendment is that the Treasury cannot purchases that may be made from now sell directly to-the Federal Reserve in excess on to the end of the war. The Clerk read as follows: of $5,ooo,ooo,ooo. Mr. WOLCOTT. Oh, no. I appar­ Mr. SUMNERS of Texas offers a substitute I would like, if the gentleman will yield er£tly did riot understand the gentleman's for the pending' amendment: further, to make this statement. I have question. The language a8 adopted by "Provided, however, That the aggregate been asked two or three times what limita­ the House yesterday would put a limita­ amount of such obligations purchased di­ tion this imposes upon a Federal Reserve tion on the Federal I .eserve holdings by rectly from the Treasury which are held at bank to own bonds. It imposes no limitation. limiting the amount of bonds, notes, and any one time shall not exceed $5,000,000,000." A Federal Reserve bank has the right to buy other obligations, which the Federal Re­ The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman bonds in the open market, or to own bonds, Sl~ · ve could buy directly from tbe Treas­ 5 or to acquire them in any way other than from Texas is recognized for minutes directly from the Treasury, and that right l.s ury or in the open market. Of course, it in support of the substitute amendment. not affected in any way, shape, or form hy is clear that was not the intent of the Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Mr. Chair­ either the amendment of the gentleman committee. It was the intent of the com­ man, this amendment is offered candidly from lllinois or the amendment which I have mittee to limit to $5,000,000,000 the as a compromise between the Smith offered. The sole limitation this places is amount of bondS, obligations, and other amendment and what was urged by the that in the aggregate the Federal Reserve holdings which the Federal Reserve might Federal Reserve Banking System, as I cannot buy directly from the Treasury more buy directly from the Treasury, and my understand it. than $5,000,000,000 worth of bonds. amendment seeks to clarify that. ~r. GORE. Mr. Chairman, will the It is to make that point clear that the Mr. SUMNERS of Texas, Mr. Chair­ gentleman yield? amendment suggested by the gentleman man, will the gentleman yield for a spe­ Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. I yield. from Michigan will be offered. ci:fic question? Mr. GORE. There should be no com­ The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, Mr. WOLCOTT. Certainly. promise. The original provision of the the pro forma amendment is withdrawn. Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Is the lan­ bill as brought before the House by the The question is on the amendment of­ guage of his proposed amendment that committee was right. We made a mis­ fered by the gentleman from New York the aggregate amount-of such obligations take yesterday. There should be no [Mr. KEOGH]. purchased direct from the Treasury shall limit. Therefore the gentleman's amend­ not at any one time exceed $5,000,000,000? ment should be defeated. The amend­ Mr. 'MARTIN J. KENNEDY. Mr. Mr. WOLCOTT. It provides that the ment written into the bill should be taken Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that total of all holdings purchased directly out when the Committee rises. · the amendment be again reported. from the Treasury of the United States Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. It is entirely The CHAffiMAN. Without objection, shall not exceed $5,000,000,000. satisfactory to me if you do that. the Clerk will again report the Keogh Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. But not at ·Mr. McKEOUGH. Will the gentleman amendment. any one time. yield? There was no objection, and the Clerk Mr. WOLCO'IT. , Not at any one time. Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. I yield. again reported the amendment offered I do not want to mislead the gentleman, Mr. McKEOUGH. I hope the House by Mr. KEOGH. . because I believe that the clause ''hold­ will understand · that if the amendment The CHAIRMAN. The question is on ings purchased" would limit the amount adopted yesterday is not removed from the amendment offered by the gentleman which could be purchased in the aggre .. the bill when the Committee rises there is from New York. gate to $5,000,000,000, the same as the no limitation as to what the amount may The question was taken, and the amendment adopted yesterday. be that · the Treasury Department may amendment was rejected. · Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. . Mr. Chair­ borrow wherever it cares, and the Federal Mr. WOLCO'IT. Mr. Chairman, I offer man, the reason that I feel that that Reserve may buy through the Treasury the following amendment, which I send amendment should not be adopted is be· or otherwise. Those that promoted this to the desk. cause it puts a limitation upon the total proposal apparently have forgotten this 1762 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 27 serious possibility: In the event a very itself in favor. We are now trying to merce is authorized to waive compliance with heavy issue is offered and there is no re­ remedy their little mistake made in the the navigation and vessel inspection laws to language. They over here now seem to such extent and in such manner and upon sponse and the market breaks wide open, such terms as he may prescribe either upon those existing obligations that are now want to take advantage of that little his own initiative or upon the written recom­ in the portfolios of the banks, insurance error so that it cannot be voted in mendation of the head of any other Govern­ companies, and other fiduciary institu­ after the Committee rises. Do not let ment agency whenever he deems that such tions of the country will suffer untold them do it. action is necessary in the conduct of the war." damage. This amendment has no place The CHAIRMAN. The question is on The amendment was agreed to. - in this measure. Neither did the amend­ the amendment offered by the gentle­ The Clerk read as follows: ·ment offered by the gentleman from Vir­ man from Michigan [Mr. WoLCOTT l. ginia have any place in it, because It The question was taken; and on a TITLE VI-POWER TO REQUISITION destroys the very thing that some people division (demanded by Mr. WoLCOTT) SEc. 601. The last paragraph of section 1 of seek to bririg about. · there were ayes 64 and noes 96. the act of October 16, 1941 (55 Stat. 742), Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Chairman,- I de­ entitled "An act to authorize tbe President Mr. SUMNERS of·Texas. Mr. Chair­ of the United States to requisition property man, in view of what seems to be the at­ mand tellers. required for the defense of the United States", titude of the gentlemen on the floor I Tellers were ordered, and the Chair is amended by deleting-subdivision (3) there­ Ylill ask unanimous consent to withdraw appointed as tellers Mr. WoLCOTT and of, so that the paragraph will read as follows: the amendment just offered. Mr. McLAuGHLIN. "Nothing contained in this act shall be Mr. STEAGALL. In the gentleman's The committee again divided; and the construed- time, let me say that $5,000,000,000 would tellers reported that there were-ayes 94, " ( 1) to authorize the requisitioning or re­ niJes 119. quire the registration of any firearms pos­ only finance on the present basis of oper­ sessed by an individual for his personal pro­ ation 1 month's Government obligations. So the amendment was rejected. tect ion or sport (and the possession of which Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. I ask unani­ The Clerk read as follows: is not prohibited or the registration of which mous consent to withdraw the amend­ TITLE V-WAIVER OF NAVIGATION AND INSPECTION is not required by existing law): ment. X..AWS "(2) to impair or infringe in any manner The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? SEc. 501. During the national · emergency the right of any individual to keep and bear Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Chairman, re­ declared by the President on _May 27, 1941, to arms." serving the right to object, and I shall not exist, for the purpose of securing the most Mr. HANCOCK. Mr. Chairman, I object, I want to state to the gentleman expeditious transportation consistent with offer an amendment. from Alabama that is just what we want safety of men and materials that are neces­ The Clerk read as follows: to avoid. The committee yesterday sary to national . defense and to reduce de­ lays in water-borne transportation; provide Amendment offered by Mr. HANCOCK: On wanted to avoid the necessity of tying quicker turn arounds, expedite deliveries, and page 14, after line 25, insert a new paragraph, this down, but did so. All I am offering help to prevent shortages in defense or criti­ as follows: to the committee today is a correction of ca' materials, and, wh:m in the opinion of the "Whenever Rny machinery or equipment a very apparent error, and I am offering s ·.cretary of Commerce there is no other rea­ which is in actual use in connection with any my amendment to prevent the thing sonable recourse, the Secretary of Commerce operating factory or business and which is which the gentleman commented upon. is authorized, upon written recommendation necessary to the operation of such factory or So that the financing of the war efforli oi' the Secretary of the Navy, and of the Secre­ business is requisitioned pursuant to the act will not be c0.11fined to $5,000,000,000. tary of War, and of the Secretary of the of October 16, 1941 (55 Stat. 742), the owner They will be able to go into the open mar­ Treasury and of the Secretary of Labor, and of thereof shall be paid fair and just compen­ the Chairman, _United States Maritime Com­ sat ion, which shall not be less than the dif­ ket and·buy as much as they have money m ission, or any three of the above-named ference between the fair market value of such to buy. officials, to waive compliance with the navi­ factory or business before and after the taking Mr. STEAGALL. The gentleman fully gation and vessel inspection laws of the of such equipment or machinery." understands just what was done yester­ United States, except laws requiring the day, but what the gentleman does now Is d.vision of crews of vessels of the United Mr. SUMNERS ot Texas. Mr. Chair­ merely to correct that error insofar as States into watches, or limiting the hours man, I move that the Committee do now what was intended. of labor of seamen on such vesels, but only to rise. such extel}t and in such manner and upon The motion was agreed to. Mr. WOLCOTT. Yes. The House such terms as he may find after investigation Accordingly the Committee rose; and adopted it earlier. to be necessary or proper for the national the Speaker having resumed the chair, Mr. STEAGALL. I understand the gen­ dP.fense: Provi ded, however, That the Secre­ Mr. CooPER, Chairman of the Committee tleman's position; but let me say this, and tary of Commerce shall not waive compliance with any of such laws to such an extent as of the Whole House on the state of the I will not say any more, that if this pro­ Union, reporte.i that that Committee, vision is not voted out of this bill the w•ll permit the navigation · of any vessel in an unsafe condition, nor with the coastwise having had under consideration the bill Treasury will not be able to float its obli­ laws of the United States where the service (S. 2208) to further expedite the prose­ gations through the Federal Reserve Sys­ desired can be supplied promptly by Ameri­ cution of the war, had come to no reso­ tem and we will be in great difficulty be­ can ships: Provided further, That in the ex­ lution thereon. fore the war is over. This should be ercise of authority granted by this act, the voted down now, and we should vote out Secretary of Commerce shall waive compliance HOUR OF MEETING TOMORROW the other one when we get into the House, v·ith any of such laws only by specific rulings Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I and this matter will be clear. for specific occasions, and shall in each case ask unanimous consent that when the specifically state the particular laws with The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection which compliance is waived and the reasons House adjourns today it adjourn to meet to the request of the gentleman from therefor: And provided further, That during to~norrow at 11 o'clock. Texas [Mr. SUMNERS] that he may with­ the effective period of this act the Secretary of The SPEAKER. Without objection, it draw the substitute amendment? Commerce shall at the convening of each ses­ is so ordered. · There was no objection. sion of Congress, and monthly while the Con­ There was no objection. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on gress is in session, report to the Congress SUSPENSION OF CALENDAR BUSINESS ON every action taken by him under authority MONDAY, TUESDAY, AND WEDNESDAY the amendment offered by the gentleman of this act. from Michigan [Mr. WoLCOTTl. OF NEXT WEEK Mr. GIFFORD. Mr. Chairman, I rise The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will re­ Mr·. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I in opposition to the amendment. I hope port the committee amendment. ask unanimous consent that the call of to disperse some of this cloudy weather. The Clerk read as follows: the Consent Calendar on Monday, the The gentleman from Texas withdrew Committee amendment: Strike out the en­ call of the Private Calendar on-Tuesday, what he termed a "compromise." It tire section 501 and insert on page 13, line and the call of the Calendar of Com­ would have been a happy one. The Fed­ 24, a new section 501, as follows: mittees on Wednesday of next week may eral Reserve would have bought the bonds "SEc. 501. The Secretary of Commerce is directed to waive compliance with the navi­ bP dispensed with. but could not get rid of them. A happy gation and vessel inspection laws upon the Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. compromise. I congratulate the gentle­ request of the Secretary of the Navy or the Speaker, reserving the right to object, man for thinking of it. Now we try to Secretary of War to the extent deemed neces­ and I shall·not, can the majority leader take advantage of an error made yester­ sary in the conduct of the war by the officer tell us what the-program will be for next day in the House. The House expressed making the request. The Secretary of Com- week? 1942- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1763 Mr. McCORMACK. On Monday of PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE recreational facilities would of necessity be next week the war risk property insur­ centered around Pershing High School field Mr. TENEROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I ask and Conant Garden area lying between the ance bill will be taken up. unanimous consent to address the House high-school grounds and the proposed proj·ect Tuesday, the agricultural appropria­ for 1 minute and to revise and extend my would become a thoroughfare, · bringing with tion bill. After that the civil functions own remarks in the RECORD. it attendant problems. appropriation bill. I do not know The SPEAKER. Is there objection to We are in favor of defense homes, but whether that will fill the week, but fol­ the request of the gentleman from Mich­ believe that they should be placed where they lowing that will come the legislative ap­ igan [Mr. TENEROWICZ]? can help rather than hinder the neighbor­ propriation bill. There was no objection. hood. We hope that you will give this mat­ Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. I be­ ter your careful consideration and would wel­ Mr. TENEROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, it come an opportunity to discuss the matter lieve probably that will be about all that is with reluctance that I rise at this late with you in person. can be accomplished in a week. hour after a strenuous day for all of Awaiting your reply. Mr. McCORMACK. That is my im- the Members on the floor of tl;le House. pression and my own opinion. · CONANT GARDEN COMMUNITY ASSOCIATION. However, I wish to speak of a defense P. S.-You, as the Congressman of our dis- Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. housing project in Detroit, Mich; a mat­ trict, have always exhibited an understanding Speaker, I withdraw my reservation of ter which is of vital importance to our of our problems. We urge you to do all in objection. city. · your power to see to it that this project is EXTENSION OF REMARKS I am becoming more convinced daily not built.on the proposed site. (Mr. CosTELLO asked and was given that the deadliest force threatening On June 24, 1941, the following notice permission to revise and extend his own America is not the fact that some mad was issued by the Conant Garden Com­ remarks.) dictators are directing the world con­ munity Association: flict that rages across the seas, but rather Mr. PLUMLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask There will be a meeting of all residents o:( unanimous consent to extend my own is it the disintegrating force of "false and the Conant area Tuesday, June 24, at 8:45 remarks and to include therein a letter assumed leadership" that is deliberately p.m., Pershing High School. I received and my answer thereto. seeking to bore from within the heart of We are meeting to fqrther the protest on The SPEAKER. Is there objection to America. the proposed location of homes for defense Out of this leadership there often workers near Atkinson School. the request of the gentleman from Ver­ Tlme is vital and we must act at once if we mont? arises situations inimical to the best interests of the people. Such a situa­ are to protect our home investments. Come There ·was no objection. out Tuesday and be on time. Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Speaker, _I ask tion has arisen in Detroit with regard unanimous consent to revise and extend to the proposed defense housing project On June 27, 1941, a committee from the remarks I made in the Committee of on Nevada and Fenelon Avenues in a Detroit called on me in Washington. the Whole and include therein a letter 100-percent white neighborhood. The committee was composed of two written by the chairman of the Commit­ I know every foot of this neighborhood. white members and one Negro member tee on the Judiciary. As a physician and surgeon, I have oper­ and we met with Colonel Starr and Mr. The SPEAKER. Without objection, it. ated on over 4,600 people in this area. I Von Storch, of the United States Housing is so ordered. have been in hundreds of homes on Authority. The committee bitterly op­ There was· no objection. sick calls. These people are law-abiding posed the site selected by the _United Mr. WEISS. Mr. Speaker, I ask home owners who have put their life States Housing Authority, and as a re­ unanimous consent to include in the re­ savings into their homes. sult it was suggested by Colonel Starr marks I made in the Com'mittee of the The project was designated for white that a search be made for a more suit­ Whole today a statement by Mark Sul­ occupancy by Mr. Charles F. Palmer and able site. Accordingly I replied to th~ livan. Mr. Baird Snyder 3d. Later the decision letter from the Conant Garden Com­ · The SPEAKER. Without objection, it regarding occupancy was reversed. munity Association on June 28, 1941, in­ is so ordered. My first information regarding the forming them of this meeting at Colonel controversy over the proposed defense Starr's office and suggesting that another There was no objection. housing project on Nevada and Fenelon Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Speaker, I ask site be located and facts regarding the unanimous consent to extend my own re­ Avenues in' the city of Detroit, Mich., was alternative site be submitted to Colonel marks in the RECORD, and to include upon the receipt of the following letter, Starr for further consideration. therein a short editorial from the Detroit dated June 23, 1941, from a representa­ On July 3, 1941, the Negro member of tive of the Conant Garden Community the committee wrote the following letter News. Association, a Negro organization: The SPEAKER. Without objection, it to Colonel Starr: is so ordered. On behalf o"f the resident and property This is in line with our recent telegram re­ owners of the Conant Garden section Of De­ questing that the 200-famlly defense project There was no objection. tr<;>i t, I wish to go on record as opposing the be located at Dequindre and Modern Streets, ·

Organization .Association of the individual .Authority

Communist Party------Pennsylvania State secretary; representative to Daily Worker, May 11, i9?8, p. 3. Virginia State conv-ention of Communist Party. DO------Delegate to 'l'enth National Convention; speaker, · Daily Worker, May 31, 1938, p. •· reporting from eastern Pennsylvania. · DO------Candidate for Congress, New York County, Eeven· Daily Worker, Aug. 5, 1940, p. 5, teenth District, New York, 1940. DO------Candidate for United State~ 'Senate from Pennsyl· Daily Worker; Apr. .6, 1938, p. 5. vania. Do.------:..-----~------~----·-·------:...... Eastern Pennsylvania district secretary; member o! Daily Worker" May. 28, 1938, p. 5, presiding committee for the Tenth National Convention. Do•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Announces candidacy for United State~ Senator Daily Worker, Mar. 15,1938, from Pennsylvania. Do•• ------·-··················- Candidate for Congress, Seventeenth District; New Daily Worker, Sept. 26, 1940, p. 4. . York County; speaker. · ~~=: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: _~a-i~d~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ======:: ==: =::====::::::::::::: .Dailb'f!orker ..Sept. 24, 1940, p. 5, Do ______c ______Barred from speaking in Louisville, Ky •••••••••' •••. Daily Worker, Sept. 19,.1940, p. 5. -Coal Diggers, official organ of the National Miners Union •• :...... Contributor ______"------: •.•••:. .••• ;. Daily Worker; Jan. W,.. l! l30, p; 4, · - The Com~unist------··:·------~ - .------~- : -···- Con~ributor (repriJ?.t) ______------:----.---~--:-: - Th~ Communist, Mar. 1928, p.180. Commumst Party------Cha1rman at Lenm memonal meetmg m Phila Da1Iy Worker. . Jan. 11, 1938, p. 5. · delphia. , - 9 ~~=::::::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: g~~frf~~i:,n~~~ ~~~~~~s~~~~~~~~~=:::::::::::::: ~~~b;;'~~~~It~I\rr!!c~ fg4~·;· 278. Do·---·------Contributor, Party Organizer ______.:-_·__ .______Par:ty Organizer, June 1936. p. 8. - Do .•·------Secretary of Eastern Pennsylvania Communist Daily. Worker. Jan. _8. Party · Daily"" orker, Jan. 8, 19&1, p. 2. Daily Worker, Jan. 18, 1930, p. 7. Party Organizer, August-September, 1938, p,l!; Party Organizer, November 1934. p. 6. 8:€~~!~~~=~=~~=~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Do.•.•••••••••••••• ------•• __ ••••••••••• __ •• __ ...... · ~i~ii;,~;~~~~::~~;:~:~:~~~~~~~~:~Candidate for United States Senator. Pennsylvania,1938. Letter from Sec.retary of Etate. Do.••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••• ------____ do ______Letter from county commissioner, Philadelphia. Do.••••••• :. ••••••••••• :.~------· Candidate for State treasurer, Pennsylvania, ·1936 .• _ Daily Worker, Nov. 3,1936, p. 2. • Daily Worker, Sept. 18, 1940, p. 5. Daily Worker, May 21, 1940, p. 5. Daily Worker, Sept: 2, 1936, p. 4. Daily Worker, Nov. 3, 1936, p. 2. IE~iiiiii~iiiiii~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~iii~i~mii~~~i~i~~~~i~~i~ ~fl~~J~]~~~I~~i~::~= Daily Worker. May 24, 1938, p. 5. sylvania. Cun:ili~cti§\at!'sar;f A!::r~~a~al Committee, Communist Party, Member...... Daily Worker, Apr. 24, 1939, .p. 4. Communist Party, Philadelphia Workers SchooL ••••••••••••••••• Instructor ______Daily Worker, Aug. ~o. 1936, p. 5. Communist Party------Member. central committee _____ ; ______:_ Daily Worker, Nov. 28, 1936, p. 5. Commun~st PartY------·------M.ember, convention presiding committee.•.•••••• :.. Daily Worker, June 25, 1936, p, 2. Commurust Party election rally, Chicago, October 13, 1940 •..•••••• Member of national committee; speaker ______Daily Worker, Oct. 14, 1940, p, 1. Oo •• ------•••••• ___ ------••••• do•• ------___ ------.. Do 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1767

PATRICK TOOHEY-Continued

Organization Association of the individual Authority

Communist Party------Member of central committee; speaker at mass Daily Worker, Feb. 9. 1938, p. 3 meeting in support of striking longshoremen -in Puerto Rico. · Organizer, Phlladefphia district ______.___ Daily Worker, July 1, 1936. Do .. ------. ~ ---- Do. __ ----. __ .: ______-----__ •••• __ :.----.------•.•••• --••••••••• _ Organizer in eastern Pennsylvania ••• ______,___ Daily Worker, Jan. 22, 1936, p, 3. Do. __ -----.. ___ .. ____ . ______------_.---- __ -." ..... -... ------Speaker at Lenin memorial meeting ______.___ · Do. Do ______------______.. ---.--.. ------Speaker; rally, Houston, Tex ______Daily Worker, Sept. 18, 1940, p. 11. Communist Party National Committee election rally------~--­ Speaker; Milwaukee, Wis ______Daily Worker. Oct. 12, 1940, p, 3. Communist Party_ •... __ .. ------__ . __ ._ .. ~ ... ------Speaker; national committee election rally. Mil- -Daily Worker, Oct. 11, 1940, p. 5. waukee, Wis. 1 Do ______... ______.. ______.. -~ __ ------Speaker; election rally, Chicago ______Daily Worker, Oct. 11, 1940, p. 5. Communist Party "stop the draft" demonstration ______Member, national committee; speaker______Sunday Worker, Sept. 1, 1940, p. 5. Communist Party National Committee.. ------·- Member; reports on southern tour ______..: ••• Daily Worker, Sept. 23, 1940, p. 3. Do ______----.. ______------.------. Spoke on radio from New Orleans ______: ___ Daily Worker, Sept. 14, 1940, p. 5. Communist Party of Pennsylvania.------Candidate for United States Senator •••••••••••• L .. The Communist, October 1938, p. 935. Communist InternationaL ______~------Pamphlet advertised·------~--- Communist (October), Sept. 5, 1934, p. 568. Daily Worker------__ ------Contributor·------.... -----.: ••• Daily Worker, Feb. 7, 1938, p. 2. Labor Unity______.. _. ___ . ______.... __ .. ------. Editor------~--- Labor Unity, October 1934, p. 2. Lenin Memorial Meeting in Philadelphia.••• ------­ Chairman·------~--- Daily Worker, Feb. 4, 1938, p. 2. National Miners' Union.------Secretary-treasurer ______·------Daily Worker, Feb. 18, 1930, p. 3. Do .. ___ ...... _.. ------Leader·------Daily Worker, Jan. 1, 1930, p, 1. Do .... ------·- Secretary-treasurer·------~------Daily Worker, Jan. 28, 1930, p. 4. Unemployed demonstration •••• ------~------•. -- Speaker ..• ------~ --- Daily Worker Mar. 7, 1930, p. 3.

To prove the above report, I wish to call Then let me ask the mayor to reconcile the Federal authorities on their own respon­ attention to one of the circulars which the following statements made by him at sibility. This action was taken after the De­ troit Housing Commission, as agents of the was issued under the auspices of Section the hearing of the Common Council of United States Housing Authority in the de­ I, Communist Party, 2419 Grand River, the city of Detroit and the Seven Mile fense work had recommended another site, Detroit, Mich., calling a meeting for Feb­ Fenelon Improvement Association on and it was taken in spite of the fact that the ruary 21, 1942, on which Mr. Patrick February 3, 1942: Detroit common council requested that this Toohey and a "prominent member of the Mayor JEFFRIES. I would be very glad to tell project be built at the site originally selected Sojourner Truth Housing Committee" you my attitude on it. The project, in the by the Housing Commission. were advertised as being the principal :first place, we thought, should be located at On February 12 the following delegates speakers. Modern and Dequindre. That is the place met with Mr. Baird Snyder, Acting Ad_; This same group approached the mayor that was recommended. The Federal Gov­ ernment publicized and advertised to every­ ministrator of the Federal Works of the city of Detroit. the Honorable Ed­ body that they were going to build Negro and Agency: ward J. Jeffries, Jr., and for reasons white houses and that the Negro housing Joseph A. Craigen, Kappa Alpha Psi Fra­ known to him alone the folfowing letter, program was to be located not at Modern and ternity. dated January 29, 1942, was sent to Mr. Dequindre, as we recommended, but at Ne­ LeBron Simmons, attorney, Nationa!"Negro Baird Snyder, Mr. Charles F. Palmer, and vada and Fenelon, contrary to our recom­ Congress. Col. F. Charles Starr:' mendation. Harper Poulson, Detroit Youth Assembly. Andrew Brown, Council of Social Agencies. Our Detroit Housing Comi,llission was in­ When Jeffries was asked the direct Clifford Moore, Local 663, Teamsters, Ameri- structed last week to accept applications for question as to whether he favored plac­ can Federation of Labor. the Sojourner Truth defense housing project ing a colored project in a white neigh­ Joseph Stambouly, Ford Local Congress of from white persons. • borhood, he replied ''No.'' Industrial Organizations No. 600. To refresh your memory, for months the The niayor laments the fact that since Geraldine Bledsoe, Alpha Kappa Alpha So­ tenant selection division of the Detroit Hous­ the commission has been accepting and rority: ing Commission has been accepting and in­ Jack Raskin, Civil Rights Federation. vestigating applications from Negroes. In investigating applications from Negroes, Boris Shiskin, American Federation of fact, from the inception of this project the there should be any question of white Labor. housing commission, together with the in­ occupancy. What, then, about the fact John Davis, national secretary of National formed citizenry of Detroit, was of the opinion that the Detroit Housing Commission Negro Congress. _ that this was to be a Negro defense housing approved the Government's decision at a P. L. Prattis, executive editor of the Pitts­ project. Since our instructions to change this burgh Co~ier. to a white project, a cursory but yet a rela­ meeting Thursday, January 22, after a tively complete survey of the city has been discussion with Earl Von Storch, U. S. Three of the persons listed are also made for the purposes of locating an alterna­ H. A. project adviser, and the Tenant Se­ closely identified with communistic ac­ tive Negro project. No place apparently is lection Division was authorized to ac­ tivities. available with anything like the same satis­ cept applications of white defense work­ faction. In fact, it appears that to build a ers in the Nevada-Fenelon project? On February 13, 1942, I received the project of any _size with the requirements laid I would like to further quote the mayor following letter from Baird Snyder, Ill, down by the Defense Housing Authority as to in his statement before the common iii which he reversed the decision of Jan­ vacant land, it seems necessary to go beyond council on February 3: uary 15: the borders of the city. As the record now stands on Sojourner Therefore I have discussed this matter at I knew what our housing commission had Truth Homes, the common council repre­ length with the members of the Common recommended to the Government, and I knew sented by the mayor of Detroit, have sent Council of the City of Detroit, and we feel that we were not in favor of-that is, we the Administrator an unrescinded advice that that the Defense Housing Authority has made favored another location instead of this one, in their opinion this project should be occu­ a mistake in diverting this to a white project, but I didn't know the neighborhood had pied by Negroes. and that in fairness to the Negro population protested until in the fall, relatively late in the fall. The Detroit Housing Commission has also of the city of Detroit and the Negro defense given the Administrator an unrescinded reso­ workers, this project should be maintained as Perhaps the mayor can reconcile the lution to the same end. The local repre­ a Negro defense housing program . . following excerpt from a letter written by sentatives of the American Federation of We earnestly request you to authorize the George Edwards, then director-secretary Labor and the Congress for Industrial Organ­ housing commission of Detroit to place Negro of the Detroit Housing Commission under izations, the president of the American Fed­ defense workers in the Sojourner Truth date of July 23, 1941, to Messrs. Vincent eration of Labor and the president of the project. · United Automobile Workers of America have Siluk et al., St. Louis the King Church similarly advised the Administrator. Fur­ Let me call the attenten of the mayor Committee, 11805 St. Louis Avenue: thermore, the Civil Rights Federation, repre­ to this portion of the above letter: Your petition addressed to Mayor Jeffries senting 300 Michigan organizations with a In fact, from the inception of this project, has been referred by him to me for reply. total membership of more than 500,000, ad­ the housing commission, together with the I believe you will be interested to know that vised the Administrator that in their opinion informed citizenry of Detroit, was of the the choice of the site at Nevada and Fenelon an injustice will be done if Negro occupancy opinion that this was to be a Negro defense Avenues for a defense housing unit was made is not permitted. This latter includes anum­ housing project. by the United States Housing Authority and ber of churches, synagogues, clubs, councils 1768 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 27 of social agencies, St ate representatives, Thomas, of the C. I. 0 ., has taken a very un­ We protest the action that R. J. Thomas of schools, and is highly representative of the intelligent view in asking for Negro occu­ U. A. W., C. I. 0 . has taken on the So­ civic groups in the city of Detroit. pancy of the Federal housing project at Ne­ journer Truth housing project against the On this record of local opinion and in vada and Fenel9n, which is in a 100-percent white people. (Member, Local No. 212, C. view of the fact that protestants against white community, thereby setting up a very I. 0 .) . colored occupancy are in a minute minority, dangerous race problem. (Member, Local No. I protest stand t aken by C. I. 0. in regards it 1s my duty as Acting Administrator to per­ 2, A. F . L.) to Sojourner Truth housing project. (Mem­ mit the selection of Negro tenants beginning I am a dues-paying member of the C. I. 0 . bers of Locals Nos. 306 and 681, C. I. 0. (two Monday, February 16. I sincerely believe that Thomas, in making members) .) · statement he did, is not speaking for the rank Protest against Negroes in Fenelon-Nevada Wit.h his letter Mr. Snyder attached and file of the C. I. 0 . members. I also be­ project . (Member of A. F. of L. Municipal Mayor Jeffries ~ letter of January 29, the lieve that he is fomenting a crucial race prob­ Employees· Union No. 77 .) list dated January 28, both of which I lem when he asks for Negro occupancy in 1.he Am opposed to stand taken by c. 1. 0. have heretofpre quoted. He also fur­ 100-percent white neighberhood of the Fene­ council showing discrimination against white nished me with a copy of a resolution lon-Nevada housing project. (Member, Lo­ C. I. 0. members in Sojourner Truth housing dated January 30, signed by Charles F. cal No. 140, U. A. W., C. I. 0.) project. (Member, Local No. 83, G. I. 0 .) · We , the undersigned, protest Thomas' un­ Protest Negroes at Sojourner housing pro!. Edgecomb, written on paper bearing no authorized asking for Negro occupancy of ject. Am member of U. A. W., C. I. 0. Local letterhead, stating that the mayor and Fe~ral Housing Project at Fenelon and Ne­ No. 155. (Member, Local No. 155, C. I. 0.) the common council had officially asked vada located in a 100-percent white neigh­ Wish to protest Negro occupancy of So­ the National Defense Housing Authority borhood. This sanctioning of Negro occu­ journer Truth homes at Nevada and Fenelon to change the status of the Nevada-Fene-­ pancy would set up a race problem. (Mem­ and endorsement of Negro project by C. I. 0. lon defense housing project from white bers of Locals 52 and 140, U. A. W., C I. 0. officials here. (Member, Local No. 297, to Negro. This was not true, as proven (six members).) · C I . 0.) by subsequent council hearings. There Am violently opposed to Thomas' unau­ This is a protest to the Negro occupancy of thorized stand on Sojourner Truth housing Sojourner Truth project. I advise white was also enclosed an opinion from the project. (Member, Local No. 83, C. I. 0 .) people for white neighborhood to protect the United States attorney's office concerning I, with every other dues-paying C. I. 0 . children and property. (Member, Local No. deed restrictions on the buying property member with whom I have talked, are vio­ 735, C. I. 0.) of the site and a copy of the foHowing lently 0pposed to Thomas' stateme. t favor­ This 1s a protest to the Negro occupancy wire from R. J. Thomas, president, ing Negroes in the Nevada-Fenelon housing of Sojourner Truth project. I advise white C. I. 0. chairman, C. I. 0. Committee project. We believe that his statement is people for white neighborhood to protect the on Housing; president, U. A. W. and Air­ without representation among the members childr.en and property. (Member, -LE>cai -No. craft Workers of America, dated Febru.:. at large. (Member, Local No. 3, U. A. w., 737, C, I.O. C . I. 0 .) Sojourner Truth sit~ white. (Member, ary 12, 1942: Demand white occupancy Sojourner hous­ Local No. 51, C. I. Q .) Protracted delay in arranging for immediate ing project. Prevent race riots. (Member, I wish to protest against intervention of Negro occupancy of Sojourner Truth housing Local No. 742, U. A. W., C. I. 0.) C I. 0. into Sojourner housing controversy. project in Detroit is resulting in unfortunate As a dues-paying member of the C. I. 0 ., (Member, Local No. 101, United Rubber confusion detri~ental to the unity and wel­ I protest Thomas' unauthorized sanction of Workers, C. I. 0.) fare of the community and the furtherance Negro occupancy of the housing project at As due paying members of the C. I. 0. we of the war effort. The Congress of Industrial Fenelon and Nevada. This is a 100-percent violently protest Thomas' unauthorized sane- . Organizations and United Automobile and white community. (Member, Local No. 236, tion of Negro occupancy of the Federal hous­ Aircraft Workers believe it imperative that C. I. 0.) ing project at FenelQn and Nevada housing you stand on ·your recent decision that this We, members of the C. I . 0 ., who live within project which is locatea in a hundred per­ housing development be allotted to Negroes a block of this project, all have F. H. A. cent white COrt;lmunity. (Member, Local No. as originally planned. Any new reversal o1 homes. Protest President R. J. Thomas' ac­ 174, C. I. 0.; Member, Local No. 184, C. I. 0.) position on this score by the Federal Govern­ tions in backing this project at Fenelon and Sojourner Truth site white. (Member, ment would reflect on Federal agencies and Nevada for Negroes. (Members of Locals Local No. 51, C. I . 0.) impose unwarranted responsibilities on local a. ~ 23~ a51, 28~ 21a 1229, 15~ 51, 74a 81~ As a member of Local 157, C. I. 0., am pro­ authorities who look to Washington for a firm :1nd 226, U. A. W., C. I. 0.) testing against colored occupancy in white decision along the lines indicated. Being a property owner in the Fenelon­ neighborhood at Fenelon and Nevada. (Mem­ Nevada area, I protest Negro occupancy of ber, Local No. 157, c. I. 0 .) Mr. Snyde:t: informed me that ·he re­ the Sojourner Truth housing project. (Mem­ As a member of Local 250, U. A. W., am versed his decision on the basis of .Mayor ber, Local No. 890, C. I. 0.) protesting Negro occupancy in Nevada-Fene­ Jeffries' letter, labor recommendations, I don't agree with the stand taken by the lon project. (Member, Local No. 250, u. A. and the list allegedly signed by citizens C. I. 0. on the Sojourner Truth housing W., C. I 0.) in Detroit, ·nonresidents of this district project. (Member, Local No. 51, C. I. 0 .) Want white occupancy at Fenelon and Ne­ in which the site is located. As home owner in Fenelon-Nevada project vada in Detroit. (Member, Local No. 312, I take issue with Mr. Thomas when district and member of C. I . 0. Packard Local, S. C. M. W. A., C. I . 0 .) he presumed to speak for the rank and No. 190, we want white people. We demand I protest Negro occupancy of Nevada-Fene­ our rights (Member, Local No. 190, C. I. 0.) file of the C. I. 0., and to substantiate lon housing project. We want a white I protest the action of R. J. Thomas in his project for this 100-percent white neighbor­ . this I request that a few of the telegrams stand for Negro occupancy of Fenelon-Nevada and excerpts of letters received from hood. (Member, Local No. 368, C. I: 0 .) project. (Member, Local No. 771, C. I. 0 .) I protest the Negro housing occupancy at C. I. 0. members be included. I have I protest the action of R. J. Thomas in his Nevada and Fenelon. I belong to the Plym­ omitted the signatures of these com­ stand for Negro occupancy of Fenelon-Nevada outh Local No. 51, C. I. 0. (Member, Local munications, but they are available in project. (Member, Local No . 174, C. I. 0 .) No. 51 C. I. 0.) my office for public inspection. I protest colored occupancy of Sojourner Strongly oppose Negro occupancy Fenelon­ Truth housing project in Detroit. (Member, Nevada defense project. Also protest U. A. TELEGRAMS Dodge Local No.3. C. I. 0.) Urge you to stop colored people from mov­ W.-C. I. 0. part in this matter. (Member. I protest colored occupancy of Sojourner Local No. 212, C. I. 0 .) ing into th,e Fenelon-Nevada housing project. Truth housing project in Detroit. (Member, White people only. (Member executive board Local No 273, C. I . 0.) We protest the Negro housing occupancy of Local No. 3, U. A. W., C. I. 0.) I am opposed to the C. I . 0 . council's stand at Nevada and Fenelon. We belong to the Local B 17, I. B. E. W., voted unanimously Dodge , Local No. 3. (Member, Local No. 3. on housing project at Fenelon and Nevada. C. I. 0.) at their last meeting, February 2, to pro­ - (Member, Local No. 51, C. I. 0.) test colored occupancy of Sojourner Truth. . As a resident in Fenelon Nevada district I protest·the action of C. I. 0 . against hous­ (Member, Local B 17, I . B. E. W.) . most emphatically object to Negro occupancy ing project. (Member, Local 174, C. I. o. .) I protest Negro occupancy of Nevada and ·of project built here since neighborhood ts C. I. 0. member. I protest actions of Fenelon housing project. Ninety· percent' of ·. all white: As a member of the C. I. 0. ·Local Thomas in Nevada housing project. (Mem­ rank and file of Local 490 are against Negro· · 190 feel that unions·involvemeut on this issue ber, Lodge Local No. 3, c. I. 0 .) occupancy of this project. (Member, Local · is out of order and their stand unfair. Member C. I 0., Local 212, protest agalnst No. 490, U. A. W., C. I. 0 .) . (Member, Local No. 190, C. I. 0 .) . the Negro project. (Member, Local 212, ·c. I protest Negro occupancy of Nevada a.nd I violently protest . Thomas' sanction of I. 0 .) Fenelon housing project. Ninety percent of Negro occupants at Fenelon and Nevada hous­ As member C. I. 0., Local 212, protest rank and file of Local 600 are agai.nst Negro ing project located in 100 percent white com­ against Negro project. (Member, Local 212, . occupancy of this project. (Member, Local munity; (Member, Local No. 51, C. I . 0.) C. I. 0) No. 600, U. A. W., C. I . 0.) I don't agree with the stand taken by the I protest Negro occupancy of Sojourner I am a dues-paying member of the Amer­ A:F. L. on the Sojourner Truth housing ·proj­ Truth project. (Member, Local No. 190, ·c. ican Federation of Labor ·and believe that ect. (Member, Local No. 247, A. F. L.) I. 0.) 1942 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-HOUSE 1769 I don't agree with the stand taken tiy the U. A. W.-C. I. 0., who demands it himself. Iution now pending before that House to ex­ C. I. 0 . on the Sojourner Truth housing (Member, Local No. 140, C. I. 0.) tend the activities of the Congressional Com­ project. (Member, Local No. 205, C. I. 0.) I am not in support of the stand the C. I. 0 . mittee on un-American Activities, comclonly I don't agree with the stand taken by the and their communistic spokesman has taken known as the ·Dies committee. The same C. I. 0. on the Sojourner Truth housing in the controversy of the occupancy of the tactics and the same machinery were also em­ project. (MElmber, Local No. 205, C. I. 0.) Sojourner Truth housing project. Stop this. ployed to obtain fteedom for a notorious I protest the action of R. J. Thomas in his (Member, Local No. 212, C. I. 0.) ·communist, Earl Browder, now incarcerated stand for Negro occupancy of Fenelon-Ne­ This district has been exclusively occupied in a Federal penitentiary, The entire cam­ vada project. (Member, Local No. 190, 0. and developed by the white race. There also paign as promoted by the Communist Pa~ty I. 0.) has been a clause in· all land contracts that in regard to the Sojourner Truth housing I protest the action of R. J. Thomas in his the Negroes at no time would be allowed to project was with the avowed purpose to create stand of Negro occupancy of Fenelon-Nev~da move east of Ryan Road. If it will not be and promote a condition of anarchy and dis­ project. (Member, Local No.3, 0. I. 0 .) possible for you to aid us as you did in the unity. The same people were involved in We protest against R. J. Thomas of having past, and this plea will go unanswered, , the each phase of the ·above enumerated subver­ Negroes moved into Sojourner Truth project. residents of this district shall have to take sive operation. Most of the individuals in­ We are members of U. A. W.-C. I. 0. Locals other drastic steps -in their protest. (Mem­ volved are of the white race and are known 212 and 351. (Member, Local No. 212, C. I. 0.; ber, Local No. 409, C. I. 0.) to be Communists. Their methods as ap­ Member, Local No . 351, C. I. 0.) The subdivisions surrounding this project plied to the Sojourner Truth housing project Oppose Negro occupancy in Sojourner are all restricted against colored occupancy, are not new. This is simply a continuation Truth housing project. Thomas mistaken on and we, the owners of most new and recently of the Communist program of using the Ne­ C. I. 0 . backing Negro occupancy. (Member, built homes, are certainly opposed to this gro race as a spearhead of a false conceptiOn Local No. 3, C. I. 0.) project being occupied by the colored race. of race equality. Those Communists who I am a citizen and home owner and a mem­ This, in our opinion, would depreciate the have been stirring up the Negroes with a ber of Local No. 183, C. I. 0. Tank Arsenal. valuation of all properties in that vicinity 50 fabricated claim of a right to move into a I protest against Negro occupancy Sojourner. percent. (Members, Locals Nos. 600, 235, 58, neighborhood where they are not wanted and Truth housing project. Give the Negro a c. I. 0.) have no geographical legal claim to such · break but don't break us. (Member, Local In regard to the-site selected for the Negro rights are not really the· friends of the Negro No. 183, C. I. 0 .) housing project, called the Sojourner hous­ people. Most of the self-styled and self-.ap­ l violently oppose promises sanction of Ne­ ing, we, as the taxpayers and voters of the poihted Communist agitators who have taken gro occupancy of the housing project at United States and owners of property tn a conspicuous part on the side of the Negroes Fenelon and Nevada. which is located in a Seven Mile and Fenelon subdivision, are not are whites who live many miles from the lo­ hundred percent white neighborhood. This in favor of Negro occupancy in this project cality of the housing project and have no in­ unauthorized sanction has no backing from but suggest that another project be built :n tentions or desires to move into the immedi­ the rank and file of the C. I. 0. membership. their own r.ace district to prevent race riots ate vicinity of that project. (Member, Local No. 51, C. I. 0.) and lots of trouble. (Member, Local No. 203, Anticipating a successful termination of c. I. 0 .) the Sojourner Truth fight, it is the intention EXCERPTS FROn! LETTERS of the Communist Party to be able to go into We prot~t the action of the C. I. 0. against Mr. Speaker, at this point, I ask per­ the Negro neighborhoods to point out the our housing project at Nevada and Fenelon. mission to insert an additional report great victory won by the Communists for I have been a member of Local 174 since dated February 24, 1942, received from a the Negroes. They expect that the Negroes 1937, but if that is their attitude, I intend r.o responsible· which covers the un­ will recognize the contribution made iD their drop out completely. ~ they can't say a scrupulous, biased, subversive actions em­ behalf by the Communist Party, and that good word for us, why not keep quiet? the membership of that party will thereby be (Member, Local No. 174, C. I. 0.; Member, ployed by Negro and radical elements to strengthened by an infiux of Negroes. They Local No. 51, C. I. 0.) · deliberately · incite both Negroes and do not expect to lose member~;hip from Please give Negroes a break but by doing ~o whites. This report subStantiates what I among their white following, as the members do not break us. (Member, Local No. 3, have just said. This false leadership may to th8 ·white race are of a fanatical type, be­ c. I. 0 .) as well be brought out into the open and lievers · of a totalitarian-minded political As a member of the U. A. W. Dodge Local, exposed for what it really is-rabble­ ideology· and are trained to obey any orders No.3, I wish to state that Mr. R. J. Thomas rousing, publicity seeking, ambitious rad­ emanating from the party with a blind devo­ does not represent my views and, to the best tion. Some of the other people who are in­ of my knowledge, has not the authority nf icals bent on the destruction of human volved in this fight demanding the occu­ the rank and file to bring the power of our values and property values alike: pancy of the Sojourner Truth project by Ne­ union behind the move to place Negroes m Starting in December 1941, and building groes are the type of unscrupulou!j politi­ the Fenelon-Nevada defense housing project. UJ tc a roaring crescendo by the middle of . cians who expect to materially benefit them­ (Member, Local, No. 3. C. I. 0.) February 1942, the Communist Party and tts selves from the mass misery which is bound I being a member of Packard Local ·No. 190 hundreds of affiliates and affiliated organiza­ to be created by this unhealthy and unjust on defense work combined with members in tions began passing resolutions issuing their situation. Out of this ensuing politic!J-1 con­ vast community representing practically eve1·y directives to call the necessary mob1lizatlon fusion a condition of racial hatred is bound union In the city of Detroit, wish to state measures in anticipation of the possibility to follow with equal unpleasant moral and there was absolutely no "open hearing" In that the Negroes of the city of Detroit will be physical consequences. any local in regards to rank and file concern­ denied the occupancy of the Sojourner Truth An inquiry conducted by competent inves­ ing this problem or giving Mr. Thomas au­ housing project. tigators uncovered a most astonishing state thority -in speaking in our behalf. According Shortly after the decision was made to per­ of affairs. This inquiry disclosed that the to my knowledge the C. I. 0. unions were mit whites to bL the sole occupants of the So­ district bureau of the Communist Party of never intended to give a few radical minded journer Truth housing project, the district the city of Detroit held secret meetings in leaders the power to say with whom we shall committee of the Communist ' Party im­ which a strategic plan was worked out to de­ live or how we shall live. In contacting otber mediately issued a call for the organization feat the rightful claims of white occupants union members, 8 out of 10 have no knowl­ of mass meetings, mobilized all the Com­ of homes located in the immediate vicinity edge of the problem whatsoever. The other l""Unist units, sections, and factions and of this housing project. At those secret meet­ two in any way acquainted with the matter simultaneously issued orders to form protest ings the Communist Party resolved to use are absolutely not in favor of Mr. Thomas' committees to petition the proper authori­ their front organizations, which have been policy (Member, Local No. 190, C: I. 0.) tJes in Washington; similar· committees were built up over a period of many years for just I am a property owner and I belong to dispatched to call upon the mayor of the city such purpose. Those front organizatiom Dodge Local .0. I. 0. but I am not interested of Detroit, and orders were issued through have been thoroughly exposed as Communtst in the Reds in the C. I. 0. like Thomas who the factions and trade-union locals to get Party organizations directly or indirectly aftU­ haven't got anything to do with the taxpayers those locals on record in favor of Negro oc­ iated with it by legitimate and competent of Detroit. We prefer to fight this project cupancy. The entire memb'ership of the Government agencies, and expert testimony ourselves without the Reds of the C. I. 0. We Communist Party as a matter of fact was was produced by the 'Congressional Commit­ didn't ask Mr. Thomas to go to the council­ ordered to constitute themselves into a com­ tee on un-American Activities to substantiate men at Detroit to fight our battle. (Member, mittee of one, if necessary, and each mem­ this allegation. Pat Toohey. the State secre­ Local No. 3, C. I. 0 .) · · ber was Instructed to take the fioor of his tary of the Michigan Communist Party. was In regards to the Sojourner Truth housing respective local union and engineer a protest the one who issued orders to all those front project to be for Negroes, I have lived in this movement within his respective labor organi- organizations for immediate mobllization for neighborhood for 18 years and I have put all zation · the purpo::e of confusing the housing author­ of my 11fe earnings into .a home like all of my A closed and diligent investigation revealed ities that all Detroit would be up in arms tf neighbors (Member, A. F. L. Gas Co. Union.) ·that simllar tactics and the same machinery the Negroes were not given this project. It is not the rank and file of the union .that was employed by the Communist Party to Hundreds of Communist . organizations want the Negroes in the Fenelon-Nevada bombard the members of the United States throughout the country were ordered to send proJect. It is Mr. Thomas, president of tlle Congress with petitions to defeat the reso- resolutions of protest. The overwhelming 1770 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 27 majority of those organizations were fictitious prepared for general distribution. Those vcrsely to the welfare of the Negroes as paper bodies wit h big sounding names, and maps purporting to show that tlie territory well as the white people.- Following the fictitrous claims of large memberships. in which this project is located is a Negro mayor's letter, I even made a trip to De­ The organizations ·who responded to the neighborhood and that Negroes moving in call of the Communist Party to engineer a would not depress property values. A picket troit and appeared before the mayor and fiood of protests have fantastic claims of a line was organized to picket the city ball to the common council. following reaching into hundreds of thou­ impress the professional politicians, who I contacted the heads of all agencies sands, when actually not over 25 people at­ usually have the tendency in the face of any handling housing, but none were willing tend their meetings regularly. The organiza­ kind of a demonstration to wilt like the to assume any responsibility when the tions who were conspicuously active in be­ proverbial last rose of summer. Threats of mayor had so kindly relieved them. half of the Con:munist Party, involving the race riots were impressed upon those politi­ These officials admitted that a colossal Sojourner Truth housing project, are as fol­ cians in the event the project was certified lows: for white occupancy. blunder had been made, but aside from Communist Party of America (proper) . Among other literature prepared and circu­ hasty assurances that mistakes of this Detroit Civi1 Rights Federation (Commu­ H\ted out of the offices of the Civil Rights kind would not be repeated ·elsewhere, no . nist). Federation at 530 Insurance Exchange Build­ satisfaction was to be derived from them. National Association for the Advancement ing and passed out to numerous affiliates of They voiced a sympathetic understanding of Colored People (strong Communist influ­ the Communist Party was (1) a leaflet en­ of the matter, but stated emphatically ence). titled "It Isn't a White Neighborhood"-this that the mistake was now in the mayor's National Negro Congress (absolutely Com­ was a mimeographed piece of literature-(2) lap, and there it would remain insofar ·as munist controlled). a map purporting to prove that the area is Detroit Youth Assembly (Communist Party largely Negro. the Federal agencies were concerned. and Youth Communist League controlled). Active leaders of the Communist, Party When I again brought up the question of Young Communist League (the name · identified a., taking a very active part in this violence and race riots they reiterated speaks for itself). fight are: that the responsibility was Mr. Jeffries'. Stanley Nowak New Deal Federation (Com­ Patrick Toohey, State secretary, Michigan I have attempted here to set forth the munist controlled). Communist Party. actual history of the defense housing . The investigators Involved in this inquiry Jack Raskin, executive secretary, Detroit project on Nevada and ·Fenelon Avenues . further disclosed that on January 18, 1942, Civil Rights Federation. in the city of Detroit, citing each develop­ the Communist Party of Michigan held its George Krisalsky, Communist Party candi­ date for councilman of Hamtramck. ment as it occurred, step by step. I have annual Lenin memorial meeting at the Mir­ confined myself exclusively to fact. ror Ballroom, 2940 Woodward Avenue About Jordan Zier, Communist chairman of the 1,000 Communist members attended. Pat­ steering committee Detroit C,ivil Rights Fed­ When a false and subversive leadership rick Toohey, their State secretary, was chair.­ .eration. can become such a disintegrating factor man. The meeting was opened with the William Allan, section organizer of section 3 it is time that it be exposed, and I have singing of the In tern a tionale, with words ~s of the Communist Party; also Detroit reporter asked the Dies committee to investigate follows: for the Daily Worker. this affair in its entirety. Mr. DIES has " 'Tis the final conflict, Eleanor Laffrey, active member of the De­ assured me that this will be done. Let each stand in his place, troit Civil Rights Federation; school teacher [Here the gavel fell.] The International Soviet by profession Shall be the human race.'' At a meetinv organized and sponsored by EXTENSION OF REMARKS the Comnmnists at the McCollester Hall, held At this meettng Coleman Young, a Negro on February 1, 1942, Jordan Zier, of the De­ Mr. CASEY of Massachusetts.· Mr. Communist, who is the executive secretary of troi. Civil Rigrts Federation, was insidt and Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­ the National Negro Congress, Detroit chap­ ~:mtside passing out leaflets on the Sojourner tend my_OWn remarks in the RECORD and. ter, was one of the speakers. His talk was Truth housing question. to include an editorial from the Wash- devoted to the Sojourner Truth housing proj­ Communist meeting places in which the ington Daily News. · ect, in which he bitterly attacked Congress­ question of tht: Sojourner Truth housing The SPEAKER. Is there objection to man TENEROWicz, branding him as a fifth project was discusseq and agitated were: columnist. emphasizing that the Sojourner the request oi the gentleman from Mas­ Truth housing project has been stolen from Petofi Hall, 835 West End Avenue. sachusetts [Mr. CASEY]? the Negro people. Young further stated that Schiller Hall, Gratiot and St. Aubin. There was no objection. at the same moment a protest meeting was Magnolia Hall, 4519 Magnolia. Mr. RAMSPECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask being J:teld at the Calvary Baptist Church, The Yemam• Hall. 3040 Yemans. unanimous consent to extend my own and that letters of protest were being drawn In·the Hamtramek section the Communist leaders took a large share in the agitation and remarks in the Appendix of the RECORD up to be sent to the mayor, Governor, and and to include a letter from General the common council; that a picket line was are linking this up with the candidacy of being organized to picket the offices of the George Krisalsky for a public office tn the Flemming, Federal Works Administrator. housing commission, and that this entire forthcoming Hamtramck city election. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to program would be in full swing on the fol­ Mr. Speaker, this report clearly shows the request of the gentleman from Geor­ lowing day. At the same meeting Pat to what lengths certain Negro leaders and gia [Mr. RAMSPECK]? Toohey, who was the chairman of this gath­ the communistic element will go in their There was no objection. ering. and who is the State secretary of the LEA V.t£ OF ABSENCE Communist Party in Detroit, announced that attempts to achieve local and national his organization has taken the initiative in disunity. They have seized upon a Fed­ By unanimous consent leave of absence this fight and that they are behind the Ne­ eral project, and through their deliberate was granted as follows: groes 100 percent and will give this matter misrepresentations and subversive activ­ To Ml . VAN ZANDT (at the request of all the necessary moral and financial assist­ ities have succeeded in creating a dan­ Mr. WoLFENDEN of Pennsylvania for 1 day ance. gerous racial issue. on account of official business. During January and February 1942 the The city hall and the defense project D-troit Civil Rights redera.tion held their WITHDRAWAL OF PAPERS FROM THE FILES regular conferences, with some additional have been picketed for days and weeks. meetings of the steering committee. (Dates, These pickets are home owners, citizens, Mr. D'ALESANDRO asked leave to minutes of procedure of all those meetings are and taxpayers residing in this neighbor­ withdraw from the files of the House, available.) At all of those meetings the sub­ hood alone. without leaving copies, the papers in the ject under consideration was the Sojourner Anticipating colored occupancy, the case of Christopher C. Cole, H. R. 4268, Truth project. The members were instructed Federal Housing Administration has dis­ Seventy-seventh Congress, no adverse re­ to go back to their respective organizations continued commitments and real-estate t:•crt having been made thereon. and to engineer a wide distribution of litera­ There was no objection. ture and a general educational campaign in agents have been seeking to obtaip prop­ favor of handing this project over to the erty far below cost-property purchased SENATE BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION Negroes. Jack Raskin, executive secretary of with the life savings of these home own­ REFERRED the Civl• RightF" Federation, was dispatched ers-those who have been picketing. Bills and a joint resolution of the Sen­ to Washington, where he was to mobilize all . Following Federal action resulting ate of the following titles were taken from the pinks, radicals, and crackpots in favor from the mayor's letter, I again made my of the Communist Party's position in this the Speaker's table and, under the rule, housing-project fight. Mimeographed lists of persistent rounds of the Federal agencies referred as follows: the names of the Congressmen to be con­ in a final attempt to untangle a situation S. 1766. An act for the relief of John Snure, tacted were passed out at all of those meet­ which had by this time developed into an Jr.; to the Committee on Claims. ings. Maps of the immediate neighborhood issue, not a project. It is a dangerous S. 1776. An act for the relief of Mrs. Agnes 1n the vicinity and around the project were question which will inevitably react ad- S.· H~thaway;, to the Committee on Claims. 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1771 . S. 1971. An act to legalize a bridge across of papers recommended to him for disposal as the Perishable Agricultural Commodities Bayou Lafourche at Valentine, La.; to the by certain agencies of the Federal Govern­ Act, 1930 (46 Stat. 531), approved June 10, Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ ment; to the Committee on the Disposition 1930, as amended; without amendment (Rept. merce. of Executive Papers. No. 1840). Referred to the Committee of the S. 2122. An act to amend the District of 1445. A letter f:r:om the Secretary of War, Whole House on the state of the Union. Columbia Traffic Act of 1925; to the Commit­ transmitting a letter from the Chief of Engi­ tee on the District of Columbia. neers, United States Army, dated November REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE S. 2133. An act to revive and reenact the 5, 1941, submitting a report, together with BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS act entitled "An act granting the consent of accompanying papers, on a review of the Cpngress to the State of Michigan to con­ reports on flood-control works in the alluvial Under clause 2 of rule XITI, reports of struct, maintain, and operate a toll bridge or vallAV of the Mississippi River, with a view committees were delivered to the Clerk a series of bridges, causeways, and approaches to levee protection in the vicinity of Green­ for printing and reference to the proper thereto, across the Straits of Mackinac at or ville, Miss., requested by a resolution of the calendar, as follows: near a point between St. Ignace, Mich., and Committee on Flood Control, House of Rep­ .the Lower Peninsula of Michigan," approved resentatives, adopted on February 10, 1938; Mr. MACIEJEWSKI: Committee on Immi· September 25, 1940; to the Committee an to the Committee · on Flood Control. gration and Naturalization. S. 1161. An act Interstate and Foreign Commerce. 1446. A letter from the Secretary of War, for the relief of Cecelia Pitt; without amend­ S. 2134. An act to revive and reenact the ment (Rept. No. 1841) . Referred to the transmitting a letter from the Acting Chief Committee of the Whole House. act entitled "An . act authorizing the State of Engineers, United States Army, dated Sep­ of Michigan, acting through the Interna­ tember 30,1941, submitting a report, together tional Bridge Authority of Michigan, to con­ with accompanying papers, on a preliminary PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS struct, maintain, and operate a toll bridge examination and survey of Cadron Creek, or series of bridges, causeways, a:nd ap­ Ark., authorized by the Flood Control Act Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public proaches thereto, across the St. Marys River, approved on June 28, 1938; to the Committee bills and resolutions were introduced and .from a point in or near the city of Sault on Flood .Control. severally referred as follows: Sainte Marie, Mich., to a point in the Province By Mr. CHAPMAN: of Ontario, Canada," approved December 16, REPORTS OF COMMITTEE5 ON PUBLIC H. R. 6687. A bill to authorize the coinage 1940; to the Committee on Interstate and of 50-cent pieces in commemoration of the Foreign Commerce. BILLS AND RESOLUTIGNS Sesquicentennial of Kentucky Statehood~ to S. 2154. An act to amend an act entitled Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of the Committee .on Coinage, Weights, and "An act to regulate the practice of the heal­ committees were delivered to the Clerk ·Measures. ing art to protect the public health in the By Mr. ANDERSON of California: District of Columbia," approved February 27, for printing and reference to the proper calendar, as follows: H. R 6688. A bill to establish as a part of 1929; ~ o the Committee an the District of the Reserve component of the Regular Army a Columbia Mr . .;ARMAN: Committee oii Printing. Home Defense Organized Reserve for local S. 2175. An act for the relief at Biblano House Resolution 448. Resolution author­ home defense; to the Committee on Military L. Meer; to the Committee on Claims. izing the printing of the proceedings in the A:ffairs. · S. 2187.· An act for the relief of Tom G. House of Representatives on December 19, By Mr. ·LAMBERTSON: Irving, Thomas G. Irving, Sr., J. E. Irving, 1941, commemorating the service of William H. R. 6689. A bill to provide that the work­ Mata D. Irving, L. T. Dale, and Amelia Dale; Tyler Page; without amendment (Rept. No. week established by the Fair Labor Standards to the Committee on Claims. 1833) . Referred to the House Calendar. Act of 1938 shall temporarily be extended S. 2229. ·An act to provide far the retire­ Mr. DOUGHTON: Committee on Ways and from 40 hours to 48 hours; to the Committee ment, rank, and pay of heads of staff depart­ Means·. H. R. 6682. A bill to suspend in on Labor. ments of the Marine Corps; to' the Committee part the processing tax on coconut oil; with­ By Mr. SMITH of Ohio: . on Naval Affairs. out amendment (Rept. No. 1834) . Referred H. R. 6690. A bill relating to eligibility for S. 2268. An act to further amend section 126 to the Committee of the Whole House on the the benefits of the Civil Service Retirement of the act of June 3, 1916, as amended, to state of the Union. · Act; to the Committee on the Civil Service. authorize travel pay for certain military and .Mr. FOGARTY: Committee on the Terri­ By Mr. DOUGHTON: naval personnel an discharge or release or tories. H. R. 6166. A bill to approve Act No. . H. R. 6691. A bill to increase the debt relief from active duty; to the Committee 70 of the Special Session Laws of Hawaii, 1941, limit of the United States. to further amend on Military Affairs. reducing the rate of interest on loans and the Second Liberty. Bond Act, and for other S. J . Res. 130. Joi:p.t resolution to extend providing for the reamortization of indebted­ purposes; to the Committee on Ways and and amend certain emergency laws rela~ing ness to the Farm Loan Board; . without Means. to the merchant marine. and for other pur­ amendment (Rept. No. 1835). Referred to By Mr. HOLMES: poses; to the Committee on the Merchant the Committee of the Whole House on the Marine and Fisheries. H. R. 6692. A bill to provide assistance to state of the Union. certain industriar and business enterprises ADJOURNMENT · Mr. PLOESER: Committee on the Terri­ which, due to priority orders or other-action tories. H. R. 5962 .' A bill to -ratify and con­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I by the Government in connection with the firm Act 20 of the Special Session Laws of prosecution of the war effort, are insolvent or move that the House do now adjourn. Hawaii, 1941, extending the time within threatened with insolvency; to the Committee The motion was agreed to; accordingly which revenue bonds may be issued and de­ on Banking and Currency. est life may we '>e By Mr. KILBURN: Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr. This will r~-:­ sincere, true, and our best hopes realized. quire 5 minutes, or at the most 10 min­ H. R. 6696. A bill for the relief of the Deliver us, blessed Lord, from all nar­ estate of Mary Fortune, deceased; to the utes. I have asked for 30 minutes be­ Committee on Claims. rowness, all bias, and under all circum­ cause I note from the press this morning By Mr. 'WENE: stances may our Republic b~ first in that some of the leaders on the Demo­ H. R. 6697; A bill for the relief of Jean thought, word, and deed. Grant that cratic side may want to raise some points Boehm; to the Committee on Claims. the divine Teacher may be our model, or ask me some questions. I here and His love our impulse, and His favor our PETITIONS, ETC. now cordially invite ·any Member of the aspiration. Give us to understand that House and the public to submit me a bill Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions the measure of our dilig~nce is the meas­ of particulars in any case wherein the and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk ure of our success, every step being sown son or a relative of any prominent Re:. and referred as follows: with the memories of service well done publican whatever, either in or out of 2496. By Mr. ANGELL: Petition of certain for God and our native land. Through the Congress, has received a commission citizens of Multnomah County, Oreg., asking Christ our Saviour. · Amen. without working for it and thereafter the enactment of House bill 1410; to the The Journal of the pro: eedings of yes­ has received ·favored treatment from Committee on Ways and Means. terday was read and approved. 2497. By Mr. CULLEN: Petition of Local either the Army or the Navy. Sauce for No. 10, New York Federation of Post Office EXTENSION OF REMARKS the goose is sauce for the gander. Clerks, urging that before the 40-hour week Mr. SWEENEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. MAY. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ is extended for regular employees of the Post unanimou: consent to extend my re­ tleman yield? Office Department, all existing substitutes be marks in the RECORD and to include Mr. WILLIAM T. PHEIFFER. Gladly: made regulars; to the Committee on the Post Mr. MAY. Does the gentleman think Office and Post Roads. therein a lettez- from Mr. W. H. Callan, 2498. By Mr.-GRAHAM: Resolution passed industri£