Ciel Extrême #11 À Lire (Pdf De 6.1Mo)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Planetary Nebulae
Planetary Nebulae A planetary nebula is a kind of emission nebula consisting of an expanding, glowing shell of ionized gas ejected from old red giant stars late in their lives. The term "planetary nebula" is a misnomer that originated in the 1780s with astronomer William Herschel because when viewed through his telescope, these objects appeared to him to resemble the rounded shapes of planets. Herschel's name for these objects was popularly adopted and has not been changed. They are a relatively short-lived phenomenon, lasting a few tens of thousands of years, compared to a typical stellar lifetime of several billion years. The mechanism for formation of most planetary nebulae is thought to be the following: at the end of the star's life, during the red giant phase, the outer layers of the star are expelled by strong stellar winds. Eventually, after most of the red giant's atmosphere is dissipated, the exposed hot, luminous core emits ultraviolet radiation to ionize the ejected outer layers of the star. Absorbed ultraviolet light energizes the shell of nebulous gas around the central star, appearing as a bright colored planetary nebula at several discrete visible wavelengths. Planetary nebulae may play a crucial role in the chemical evolution of the Milky Way, returning material to the interstellar medium from stars where elements, the products of nucleosynthesis (such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and neon), have been created. Planetary nebulae are also observed in more distant galaxies, yielding useful information about their chemical abundances. In recent years, Hubble Space Telescope images have revealed many planetary nebulae to have extremely complex and varied morphologies. -
A Basic Requirement for Studying the Heavens Is Determining Where In
Abasic requirement for studying the heavens is determining where in the sky things are. To specify sky positions, astronomers have developed several coordinate systems. Each uses a coordinate grid projected on to the celestial sphere, in analogy to the geographic coordinate system used on the surface of the Earth. The coordinate systems differ only in their choice of the fundamental plane, which divides the sky into two equal hemispheres along a great circle (the fundamental plane of the geographic system is the Earth's equator) . Each coordinate system is named for its choice of fundamental plane. The equatorial coordinate system is probably the most widely used celestial coordinate system. It is also the one most closely related to the geographic coordinate system, because they use the same fun damental plane and the same poles. The projection of the Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere is called the celestial equator. Similarly, projecting the geographic poles on to the celest ial sphere defines the north and south celestial poles. However, there is an important difference between the equatorial and geographic coordinate systems: the geographic system is fixed to the Earth; it rotates as the Earth does . The equatorial system is fixed to the stars, so it appears to rotate across the sky with the stars, but of course it's really the Earth rotating under the fixed sky. The latitudinal (latitude-like) angle of the equatorial system is called declination (Dec for short) . It measures the angle of an object above or below the celestial equator. The longitud inal angle is called the right ascension (RA for short). -
Spitzer Observations of Planetary Nebulae
Planetary Nebulae: An Eye to the Future Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 283, 2011 c 2011 International Astronomical Union A. Manchado, L. Stanghellini, & D. Sch¨onberner, eds. DOI: 00.0000/X000000000000000X Spitzer Observations of Planetary Nebulae You-Hua Chu Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA email: [email protected] Abstract. The Spitzer Space Telescope has three science instruments (IRAC, MIPS, and IRS) that can take images at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0, 24, 70, and 160 µm, spectra over 5–38 µm, and spectral energy distribution over 52–100 µm. The Spitzer archive contains targeted imaging observations for more than 100 PNe. Spitzer legacy surveys, particularly the GLIMPSE survey of the Galactic plane, contain additional serendipitous imaging observations of PNe. Spitzer imaging and spectroscopic observations of PNe allow us to investigate atomic/molecular line emission and dust continuum from the nebulae as well as circumstellar dust disks around the central stars. Highlights of Spitzer observations of PNe are reviewed in this paper. 1. Spitzer Space Telescope The Spitzer Space Telescope (Werner et al. 2004), one of the four NASA’s Great Observatories, is a 0.85 meter diameter, f/12 infrared (IR) telescope launched on August 25, 2003. It has an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit so that the telescope is kept away from the Earth’s heat and can be cooled more efficiently. Spitzer has three science instruments: (1) The Infrared Array Camera (IRAC; Fazio et al. 2004) has four detectors that take images at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 µm, respectively. -
121012-AAS-221 Program-14-ALL, Page 253 @ Preflight
221ST MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY 6-10 January 2013 LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA Scientific sessions will be held at the: Long Beach Convention Center 300 E. Ocean Blvd. COUNCIL.......................... 2 Long Beach, CA 90802 AAS Paper Sorters EXHIBITORS..................... 4 Aubra Anthony ATTENDEE Alan Boss SERVICES.......................... 9 Blaise Canzian Joanna Corby SCHEDULE.....................12 Rupert Croft Shantanu Desai SATURDAY.....................28 Rick Fienberg Bernhard Fleck SUNDAY..........................30 Erika Grundstrom Nimish P. Hathi MONDAY........................37 Ann Hornschemeier Suzanne H. Jacoby TUESDAY........................98 Bethany Johns Sebastien Lepine WEDNESDAY.............. 158 Katharina Lodders Kevin Marvel THURSDAY.................. 213 Karen Masters Bryan Miller AUTHOR INDEX ........ 245 Nancy Morrison Judit Ries Michael Rutkowski Allyn Smith Joe Tenn Session Numbering Key 100’s Monday 200’s Tuesday 300’s Wednesday 400’s Thursday Sessions are numbered in the Program Book by day and time. Changes after 27 November 2012 are included only in the online program materials. 1 AAS Officers & Councilors Officers Councilors President (2012-2014) (2009-2012) David J. Helfand Quest Univ. Canada Edward F. Guinan Villanova Univ. [email protected] [email protected] PAST President (2012-2013) Patricia Knezek NOAO/WIYN Observatory Debra Elmegreen Vassar College [email protected] [email protected] Robert Mathieu Univ. of Wisconsin Vice President (2009-2015) [email protected] Paula Szkody University of Washington [email protected] (2011-2014) Bruce Balick Univ. of Washington Vice-President (2010-2013) [email protected] Nicholas B. Suntzeff Texas A&M Univ. suntzeff@aas.org Eileen D. Friel Boston Univ. [email protected] Vice President (2011-2014) Edward B. Churchwell Univ. of Wisconsin Angela Speck Univ. of Missouri [email protected] [email protected] Treasurer (2011-2014) (2012-2015) Hervey (Peter) Stockman STScI Nancy S. -
The Perek-Kohoutek Catalogue of Planetary Nebulae
Perek- Right Catalog Other Declination Kohoutek ascension The Perek-Kohoutek number designation (2000.0) number (2000.0) Catalogue of 1 119+06.1 A 1 0h12.9m 69°11' 2 120+09.1 NGC 40 0h13.0m 72°32' Planetary Nebulae 3 118–08.1 Vy 1–1 0h18.7m 53°53' 4 119+00.1 BV 1 0h19.9m 62°59' Data is from Catalogue of Galactic Planetary 5 119–06.1 Hu 1–1 0h28.3m 55°58' Nebulae, updated version 2000, by L. Kohoutek, 6 120–05.1 Sh 2–176 0h31.8m 57°23' Hamburg-Berfedorf, 2001. 7 108–76.1 BOBN 1 0h37.2m –13°43' 8 121+03.1 We 1–1 0h38.9m 66°23' 9 121+00.1 BV 2 0h40.3m 62°51' 10 122–04.1 A 2 0h45.6m 57°57' 11 118–74.1 NGC 246 0h47.0m –11°53' 12 125–47.1 PHL 932 0h59.9m 15°44' 13 124–07.1 WeSb 1 1h00.9m 55°04' 14 124+02.1 KLSS 2–7 1h02.4m 65°46' 15 124+10.1 EL 0103+73 1h07.1m 73°33' 16 126+03.1 K 3–90 1h24.9m 65°39' 17 128–04.1 S 22 1h30.5m 58°24' 18 130–11.1 M 1–1 1h37.3m 50°28' 19 129–05.1 KLSS 2–8 1h40.1m 56°35' 20 130–10.1 NGC 650–1 1h42.4m 51°34' 21 129–02.1 We 2–5 1h42.6m 60°10' 22 131–05.1 BV 3 1h53.0m 56°25' 23 130+01.1 IC 1747 1h57.6m 63°20' 24 129+04.1 K 3–91 1h58.6m 66°34' 25 148–48.1 GR 0155+10 1h58.0m 10°57' 26 133–08.1 M 1–2 1h58.8m 52°54' 27 130+03.1 K 3–92 2h03.7m 64°57' 28 131+02.1 A 3 2h12.1m 64°09' 29 132+04.1 K 3–93 2h26.5m 65°47' 30 144–15.1 A 4 2h45.4m 42°34' 31 141–07.1 A 5 2h52.3m 50°36' 32 136+04.1 A 6 2h58.7m 64°30' 33 255–59.1 Lo 1 2h57.0m –44°10' 34 136+05.1 HEFE 1 3h03.8m 64°54' 35 138+02.1 IC 289 3h10.3m 61°19' 36 138+04.1 HtDe 2 3h11.0m 62°48' 37 147–09.1 HtWe 3 3h16.6m 46°54' 38 149–09.1 HtDe 3 3h27.2m 45°24' 39 220–53.1 NGC -
The Distribution of Molecular Hydrogen in Planetary Nebulae
THE DISTRIBUTION OF MOLECULAR HYDROGEN IN PLANETARY NEBULAE J. W. V. Storey, B. L. Webster and P. Payne School of Physics, University of New South Wales Kensington, Australia M. A. Dopita Mt. Stromlo & Siding Spring Observatory Canberra, Australia ABSTRACT. A correlation has been found between strong molecular hydro- gen emission and the morphological type of a planetary nebula. Those with an equatorial toroid and bipolar extensions have H^ 1-0 S(l) stronger than Brackett Ύ. H? maps of several objects, and NGC 2346 in particular, are consistent with a fast stellar wind interacting with an anisotropic medium. The first detection of infrared lines of molecular hydrogen from a planetary nebula was made in 1975 in NGC 7027. Since that time, some 35 planetaries have been searched for in H? at various detection levels, and most planetaries have revealed a detectable emission of H^. The ra- tio of this emission to ionized gas content may vary over many orders of magnitude. We propose that planetary nebulae with very strong H~ emission be- long to one morphological class. These are characterised By a dominant equatorial toroid, and bipolar extensions. Planetaries of this form pre- dominantly fall into a class called Type I. Type I planetaries are dis- tinguished by their bipolar structure as well as a high Ν and He abun- dances, and some, but not all, have a pronounced equatorial toroid plus less dense extended polar lobes. To test our hypothesis we chose a se- ries of Type I planetaries to be observed in H^ on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. -
FINAL PROJECT REPORT for NASA Award Number NAG5-1153 '
FINAL PROJECT REPORT for NASA Award Number NAG5-1153 '_qeasurement of the Sizes of Circumstellar Dust Shells Around Evolved Stars with High Nass Loss Rates" 6115189-11130191 T. G. Phillips, Principal Investigator California Institute of Technology Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy Mail Code 320-47, Downs Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91125 G. R. Knapp, Co-lnvestigator Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University Princeton, NJ 085/44 January 9, 1992 N92-2 5bz, 5 _r- C[aCU;_.T_-LLA_ r, Ug T S_4cLLS AR(_UND EVGt. VFU _,:-,,por_ , 1 < Jun. lq'89 - 30 ;_OV. l{_91 Uncl as (C,J]iforniu Inst. of rt;c_q.) z*7 _J CSCL OJB O3/_O 0071_11 Measurement of the Sizes of Circumstellar Dust Shells Around Evolved Stars with High Mass Loss Rates II Final Pro_iect Report T.G. Phillips, Principal Investigator, 320-47 Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125 G.R. Knapp, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 The research supported by the NASA ADP contract NAG 5-1153 has been completed. The attached paper, which will be submitted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal in January 1992, presents the results of this work. Here is a summary of the project and its results. A set of computer programs was developed to process the raw 60/z and 100/_ IRAS survey data. The programs were designed to detect faint extended emission surrounding a bright unresolved source. Candidate objects were chosen from a list of red giant stars and young planetary nebulae which have been detected in millimeter/submillimeter lines of CO. -
IPHAS Extinction Distances to Planetary Nebulae with Those Obtained by Other Authors Using Different Methods
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. distance14 c ESO 2018 November 4, 2018 IPHAS extinction distances to Planetary Nebulae C. Giammanco1,12, S. E. Sale2, R. L. M. Corradi1,12, M. J. Barlow3, K. Viironen1,13,14, L. Sabin4, M. Santander-Garc´ıa5,1,12, D. J. Frew6, R. Greimel7, B. Miszalski10, S. Phillipps8, A. A. Zijlstra9, A. Mampaso1,12,J. E. Drew2,10, Q. A. Parker6,11 and R. Napiwotzki10. 1 Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Canarias (IAC), C/ V´ıa L´actea s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Spain e-mail: [email protected] 2 Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K. 3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK 4 Instituto de Astronom´ıa, Universidad Nacional Aut´onoma de M´exico, Apdo. Postal 877, 22800 Ensenada, B.C., M´exico 5 Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Ap. de Correos 321, 38700 Sta. Cruz de la Palma, Spain 6 Department of Physics, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia 7 Institut f¨ur Physik, Karl-Franzens Universit¨at Graz, Universit¨atsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria 8 Astrophysics Group, Department of Physics, Bristol University, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, U.K. 9 Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, U.K. 10 Centre for Astrophysics Research, STRI, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, U.K. 11 Anglo-Australian Observatory, PO Box 296, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia 12 Departamento de Astrof´ısica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 13 Centro Astron´omico Hispano Alem´an, Calar Alto, C/Jes´us Durb´an Rem´on 2-2, E-04004 Almeria, Spain 14 Centro de Estudios de F´ısica del Cosmos de Arag´on (CEFCA), C/General Pizarro 1-1, E-44001 Teruel, Spain Received September 15, 1996; accepted March 16, 1997 ABSTRACT Aims. -
IPHAS Extinction Distances to Planetary Nebulae
A&A 525, A58 (2011) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201014464 & c ESO 2010 Astrophysics IPHAS extinction distances to planetary nebulae C. Giammanco1,12,S.E.Sale2,R.L.M.Corradi1,12,M.J.Barlow3, K. Viironen1,13,14,L.Sabin4, M. Santander-García5,1,12,D.J.Frew6,R.Greimel7, B. Miszalski10, S. Phillipps8, A. A. Zijlstra9, A. Mampaso1,12,J.E.Drew2,10,Q.A.Parker6,11, and R. Napiwotzki10 1 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), C/ vía Láctea s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Spain e-mail: [email protected] 2 Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK 3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK 4 Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 877, 22800 Ensenada, B.C., Mexico 5 Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Ap. de Correos 321, 38700 Sta. Cruz de la Palma, Spain 6 Department of Physics, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia 7 Institut für Physik, Karl-Franzens Universität Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria 8 Astrophysics Group, Department of Physics, Bristol University, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK 9 Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, UK 10 Centre for Astrophysics Research, STRI, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK 11 Anglo-Australian Observatory, PO Box 296, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia 12 Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 13 Centro Astronómico Hispano Alemán, Calar Alto, C/Jesús Durbán Remón 2-2, 04004 Almeria, Spain 14 Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón (CEFCA), C/General Pizarro 1-1, 44001 Teruel, Spain Received 19 March 2010 / Accepted 3 July 2010 ABSTRACT Aims. -
X-Ray Observations of the Bipolar Pne NGC 2346 and NGC 7026
Draft version August 10, 2018 A Preprint typeset using LTEX style emulateapj v. 6/22/04 XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS OF THE BIPOLAR PLANETARY NEBULAE NGC2346 AND NGC7026 Robert A. Gruendl1, Mart´ın A. Guerrero2, You-Hua Chu1, and Rosa M. Williams1 Draft version August 10, 2018 ABSTRACT We have obtained X-ray observations of the bipolar planetary nebulae (PNe) NGC 2346 and NGC 7026 with XMM-Newton. These observations detected diffuse X-ray emission from NGC 7026 but not from NGC2346. The X-ray emission from NGC7026 appears to be confined within the bipolar lobes of the PN and has spectral properties suggesting a thermal plasma emitting at a temperature of +0.5 6 1.1−0.2 × 10 K. The X-ray spectrum of NGC 7026 is modeled using nebular and stellar abundances to assess whether a significant amount of nebular material has been mixed into the shocked-wind, but the results of this comparison are not conclusive owing to the small number of counts detected. Observations of bipolar PNe indicate that diffuse X-ray emission is much less likely detected in open- lobed nebulae than closed-lobed nebulae, possibly because open-lobed nebulae do not have strong fast winds or are unable to retain hot gas. Subject headings: planetary nebulae: general — planetary nebulae: individual (NGC 2346, NGC 7026) — X-rays: ISM — stars: winds 1. INTRODUCTION The plasma temperatures implied by their X-ray spectra 6 Planetary nebulae (PNe) consist of the stellar mass are a few times 10 K. In the case of NGC6543, the X-ray lost by their low- or intermediate-mass stellar progen- emission is well resolved, and a clear limb-brightening is itors during late evolutionary stages. -
Catalogue of Excitation Classes P for 750 Galactic Planetary Nebulae
Catalogue of Excitation Classes p for 750 Galactic Planetary Nebulae Name p Name p Name p Name p NeC 40 1 Nee 6072 9 NeC 6881 10 IC 4663 11 NeC 246 12+ Nee 6153 3 NeC 6884 7 IC 4673 10 NeC 650-1 10 Nee 6210 4 NeC 6886 9 IC 4699 9 NeC 1360 12 Nee 6302 10 Nee 6891 4 IC 4732 5 NeC 1501 10 Nee 6309 10 NeC 6894 10 IC 4776 2 NeC 1514 8 NeC 6326 9 Nee 6905 11 IC 4846 3 NeC 1535 8 Nee 6337 11 Nee 7008 11 IC 4997 8 NeC 2022 12 Nee 6369 4 NeC 7009 7 IC 5117 6 NeC 2242 12+ NeC 6439 8 NeC 7026 9 IC 5148-50 6 NeC 2346 9 NeC 6445 10 Nee 7027 11 IC 5217 6 NeC 2371-2 12 Nee 6537 11 Nee 7048 11 Al 1 NeC 2392 10 NeC 6543 5 Nee 7094 12 A2 10 NeC 2438 10 NeC 6563 8 NeC 7139 9 A4 10 NeC 2440 10 NeC 6565 7 NeC 7293 7 A 12 4 NeC 2452 10 NeC 6567 4 Nee 7354 10 A 15 12+ NeC 2610 12 NeC 6572 7 NeC 7662 10 A 20 12+ NeC 2792 11 NeC 6578 2 Ie 289 12 A 21 1 NeC 2818 11 NeC 6620 8 IC 351 10 A 23 4 NeC 2867 9 NeC 6629 5 Ie 418 1 A 24 1 NeC 2899 10 Nee 6644 7 IC 972 10 A 30 12+ NeC 3132 9 NeC 6720 10 IC 1295 10 A 33 11 NeC 3195 9 NeC 6741 9 IC 1297 9 A 35 1 NeC 3211 10 NeC 6751 9 Ie 1454 10 A 36 12+ NeC 3242 9 Nee 6765 10 IC1747 9 A 40 2 NeC 3587 8 NeC 6772 9 IC 2003 10 A 41 1 NeC 3699 9 NeC 6778 9 IC 2149 2 A 43 2 NeC 3918 9 NeC 6781 8 IC 2165 10 A 46 2 NeC 4071 11 NeC 6790 4 IC 2448 9 A 49 4 NeC 4361 12+ NeC 6803 5 IC 2501 3 A 50 10 NeC 5189 10 NeC 6804 12 IC 2553 8 A 51 12 NeC 5307 9 NeC 6807 4 IC 2621 9 A 54 12 NeC 5315 2 NeC 6818 10 Ie 3568 3 A 55 4 NeC 5873 10 NeC 6826 11 Ie 4191 6 A 57 3 NeC 5882 6 NeC 6833 2 Ie 4406 4 A 60 2 NeC 5879 12 NeC 6842 2 IC 4593 6 A -
407 a Abell Galaxy Cluster S 373 (AGC S 373) , 351–353 Achromat
Index A Barnard 72 , 210–211 Abell Galaxy Cluster S 373 (AGC S 373) , Barnard, E.E. , 5, 389 351–353 Barnard’s loop , 5–8 Achromat , 365 Barred-ring spiral galaxy , 235 Adaptive optics (AO) , 377, 378 Barred spiral galaxy , 146, 263, 295, 345, 354 AGC S 373. See Abell Galaxy Cluster Bean Nebulae , 303–305 S 373 (AGC S 373) Bernes 145 , 132, 138, 139 Alnitak , 11 Bernes 157 , 224–226 Alpha Centauri , 129, 151 Beta Centauri , 134, 156 Angular diameter , 364 Beta Chamaeleontis , 269, 275 Antares , 129, 169, 195, 230 Beta Crucis , 137 Anteater Nebula , 184, 222–226 Beta Orionis , 18 Antennae galaxies , 114–115 Bias frames , 393, 398 Antlia , 104, 108, 116 Binning , 391, 392, 398, 404 Apochromat , 365 Black Arrow Cluster , 73, 93, 94 Apus , 240, 248 Blue Straggler Cluster , 169, 170 Aquarius , 339, 342 Bok, B. , 151 Ara , 163, 169, 181, 230 Bok Globules , 98, 216, 269 Arcminutes (arcmins) , 288, 383, 384 Box Nebula , 132, 147, 149 Arcseconds (arcsecs) , 364, 370, 371, 397 Bug Nebula , 184, 190, 192 Arditti, D. , 382 Butterfl y Cluster , 184, 204–205 Arp 245 , 105–106 Bypass (VSNR) , 34, 38, 42–44 AstroArt , 396, 406 Autoguider , 370, 371, 376, 377, 388, 389, 396 Autoguiding , 370, 376–378, 380, 388, 389 C Caldwell Catalogue , 241 Calibration frames , 392–394, 396, B 398–399 B 257 , 198 Camera cool down , 386–387 Barnard 33 , 11–14 Campbell, C.T. , 151 Barnard 47 , 195–197 Canes Venatici , 357 Barnard 51 , 195–197 Canis Major , 4, 17, 21 S. Chadwick and I. Cooper, Imaging the Southern Sky: An Amateur Astronomer’s Guide, 407 Patrick Moore’s Practical