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City of Portland DRAFT WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION SUMMARY

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City of Portland DRAFT WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION SUMMARY City of Portland DRAFT WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION SUMMARY March 2004 Contents ______________________________________________________________________________ Chapter Page 1: INTRODUCTION 1-1 Report Purpose 1-1 Watershed Context 1-3 Watershed Planning 1-3 Regional Context 1-5 2: CITYWIDE OVERVIEW 2-1 Introduction 2-1 Section A: Landscape Factors 2-2 A-1 Location 2-2 A-2 Climate 2-2 A-3 Topography 2-2 A-4 Soils 2-3 Section B: Major Human Influences 2-3 B-1 Land Use 2-3 B-2 Population 2-4 B-3 Sanitary and Stormwater Infrastructure 2-5 B-4 Transportation Infrastructure 2-7 Section C: Hydrology 2-7 C-1 Why Hydrology Is Important 2-7 C-2 Conditions in Portland 2-8 Section D: Physical Habitat 2-9 D-1 Why Physical Habitat Is Important 2-9 D-2 Conditions in Portland 2-9 Section E: Water Quality 2-11 E-1 Why Water Quality Is Important 2-11 E-2 Conditions in Portland 2-11 Section F: Biological Communities 2-14 F-1 Why Biological Communities Are Important 2-14 F-2 Conditions in Portland 2-14 Section G: Protection and Restoration Opportunities 2-15 3: WILLAMETTE WATERSHED 3-1 Introduction 3-1 Summary of Willamette Watershed 3-2 Section A: Landscape Factors 3-9 A-1 Topography 3-9 A-2 Soils 3-9 Contents i Chapter Page 3: WILLAMETTE WATERSHED Section B: Human Influences 3-9 B-1 Land Use 3-9 B-2 Population 3-10 B-3 Sanitary and Stormwater Infrastructure 3-11 B-4 Transportation Infrastructure 3-12 Section C: Hydrology 3-12 Section D: Physical Habitat 3-13 Section E: Water Quality 3-14 E-1 Fish Advisories 3-14 E-2 303(d) List and Total Maximum Daily Loads 3-15 E-3 Water Quality in the Willamette Mainstem 3-15 E-4 Water Quality in the West Side Tributaries 3-18 E-5 Water Quality in the East Side 3-18 Section F: Biological Communities 3-18 F-1 Fish 3-18 F-2 Wildlife 3-19 4: JOHNSON CREEK WATERSHED 4-1 Introduction 4-1 Summary of Johnson Creek Watershed 4-2 Section A: Landscape Factors 4-10 A-1 Topography 4-10 A-2 Soils 4-10 Section B: Human Influences 4-10 B-1 Land Use 4-10 B-2 Population 4-12 B-3 Sanitary and Stormwater Infrastructure 4-12 B-4 Transportation Infrastructure 4-15 Section C: Hydrology 4-15 C-1 Channelization 4-15 C-2 Floodplain 4-16 C-3 Water Rights 4-16 C-4 Gradient 4-16 C-5 Flooding 4-16 C-6 Flow 4-17 C-7 Base Flows 4-17 C-8 Hydrology Summary 4-18 Contents ii Chapter Page 4: JOHNSON CREEK WATERSHED Section D: Physical Habitat 4-18 D-1 Upland Habitat 4-19 D-2 Wetlands 4-19 D-3 Riparian Areas 4-20 D-4 Instream Habitat 4-20 D-5 Culverts and Barriers 4-22 D-6 Thermal Refuge Areas 4-23 D-7 Habitat Summary 4-23 Section E: Water Quality 4-23 E-1 Oregon Water Quality Index 4-23 E-2 303(d) List and Total Daily Maximum Loads 4-23 E-3 Other Water Quality Parameters 4-26 E-4 Water Quality Summary 4-27 Section F: Biological Communities 4-28 F-1 Fish 4-28 F-2 Benthic Macroinvertebrates 4-28 F-3 Wildlife 4-28 F-4 Inter-Species Interactions 4-29 F-5 Biological Communities Summary 4-29 5: TRYON CREEK WATERSHED 5-1 Introduction 5-1 Summary of Tryon Creek Watershed 5-2 Section A: Landscape Factors 5-8 A-1 Topography 5-8 A-2 Soils 5-8 Section B: Human Influences 5-8 B-1 Land Use 5-8 B-2 Population 5-9 B-3 Sanitary and Stormwater Infrastructure 5-9 B-4 Transportation Infrastructure 5-10 Section C: Hydrology 5-10 Section D: Physical Habitat 5-11 D-1 Vegetation 5-11 D-2 Floodplain Area 5-11 D-3 Wetlands 5-11 D-4 Riparian Corridor 5-11 D-5 Instream Habitat 5-12 Section E: Water Quality 5-13 E-1 Oregon Water Quality Index 5-13 E-2 303(d) List and Total Daily Maximum Loads 5-13 E-3 Other State Water Quality Standards 5-13 Contents iii Chapter Page 5: TRYON CREEK WATERSHED Section F: Biological Communities 5-14 F-1 Fish 5-14 F-2 Benthic Macroinvertebrates 5-15 F-3 Wildlife 5-15 6: FANNO CREEK WATERSHED 6-1 Introduction 6-1 Summary of Fanno Creek Watershed 6-2 Section A: Landscape Factors 6-8 A-1 Topography 6-8 A-2 Soils 6-8 Section B: Human Influences 6-8 B-1 Land Use 6-8 B-2 Population 6-9 B-3 Sanitary and Stormwater Infrastructure 6-9 B-4 Transportation Infrastructure 6-10 Section C: Hydrology 6-10 Section D: Physical Habitat 6-11 D-1 Vegetation 6-11 D-2 Wetlands 6-12 D-3 Floodplain Area 6-12 D-4 Riparian Corridor 6-12 D-5 Instream Habitat 6-13 D-6 Habitat Values 6-14 Section E: Water Quality 6-14 E-1 Oregon Water Quality Index 6-14 E-2 303(d) List and Total Maximum Daily Loads 6-14 Section F: Biological Communities 6-16 F-1 Fish 6-16 F-2 Benthic Macroinvertebrates 6-16 F-3 Wildlife 6-17 7: COLUMBIA SLOUGH WATERSHED 7-1 Introduction 7-1 Summary of Columbia Slough Watershed 7-2 Section A: Landscape Factors 7-9 A-1 Topography 7-9 A-2 Soils 7-9 Contents iv Chapter Page 7: COLUMBIA SLOUGH WATERSHED Section B: Human Influences 7-9 B-1 Land Use 7-9 B-2 Population 7-10 B-3 Sanitary and Stormwater Infrastructure 7-11 B-4 Transportation Infrastructure 7-11 Section C: Hydrology 7-13 C-1 Overview 7-13 C-2 Effects of Development on Hydrology 7-15 C-3 Effects of Hydrology on Water Quality 7-15 C-4 Interaction of Hydrology and Algae/Macrophytes 7-16 Section D: Physical Habitat 7-16 D-1 Overview 7-16 D-2 In-Channel Habitat 7-18 D-3 Riparian Habitat 7-18 D-4 Wetlands Habitat 7-19 D-5 Upland Habitat 7-19 D-6 Unique Habitats 7-20 Section E: Water Quality 7-20 E-1 303(d) List and Total Maximum Daily Loads 7-20 E-2 Sediments 7-25 Section F: Biological Communities 7-25 F-1 Fish 7-26 F-2 Benthic Macroinvertebrates 7-26 F-3 Wildlife 7-26 8: LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER WATERSHED 8-1 Introduction 8-1 Section A: Overview 8-1 Section B: Hydrology 8-1 Section C: Habitat 8-2 Section D: Water Quality 8-2 Section E: Biological Communities 8-2 Appendix A: Inventory of Existing Programs and Activities in the Lower Willamette Subbasin 9-1 Appendix B: Bibliography 10-1 Contents v Tables Page 2-1: City of Portland Zoning 2-3 2-2: Impervious Area Coverage In Portland 2-4 2-3: Sanitary and Stormwater Infrastructure 2-5 2-4: Water Quality Limited Water Bodies in Portland 2-14 2-5: Point Source NPDES Permits Issued in the City of Portland 2-16 3-1: Current (1998) Land Area for General Zoning Categories in Portland’s Willamette Watershed 3-10 3-2: Population, Households, and Population Densities for Portland’s Willamette Watershed 3-11 4-1: Johnson Creek Watershed Jurisdictions 4-2 4-2: Land Use in Johnson Creek Watershed (1999) 4-10 4-3: Comparison of Hydrology with Properly Functioning Conditions 4-18 4-4: Comparison of Habitat with Properly Functioning Conditions 4-24 4-5: Comparison of Water Quality with Properly Functioning Conditions 4-27 4-6: Comparison of Biological Communities with Properly Functioning Conditions 4-29 5-1: Land Use Zoning Distribution within the Tryon Creek Watershed 5-9 6-1: Land Use Zoning Distribution within the Fanno Creek Watershed 6-9 6-2: Stream Shading—Fanno Creek Watershed 6-13 7-1: Land Use in the Columbia Slough Watershed 7-10 7-2: Water Quality in the Columbia Slough by Reach 7-24 Figures 1-1: Portland’s Watersheds 1-2 2-1: City of Portland Sewer System 2-7 3-1: Willamette Watershed 3-3 3-2: Willamette Watershed Protection Priorities 3-5 3-3: Willamette Watershed Restoration Priorities 3-6 4-1: Johnson Creek Watershed 4-3 4-2: Johnson Creek Watershed Protection Priorities 4-6 4-3: Johnson Creek Watershed Restoration Priorities 4-7 5-1: Tryon Creek Watershed 5-3 5-2: Tryon Creek Watershed Protection Priorities 5-5 5-3: Tryon Creek Watershed Restoration Priorities 5-6 6-1: Fanno Creek Watershed 6-3 6-2: Fanno Creek Watershed Protection Priorities 6-5 6-3: Fanno Creek Watershed Restoration Priorities 6-6 7-1: Columbia Slough Watershed 7-3 7-2: Columbia Slough Watershed Protection Priorities 7-6 7-3: Columbia Slough Watershed Restoration Priorities 7-6 Contents vi CHAPTER 1 Introduction ______________________________________________________________________________ REPORT PURPOSE This report summarizes current conditions in Portland’s watersheds, including the Willamette River, its tributary streams, and the portion of the Columbia River directly affected by activities in Portland. The conditions are summarized relative to four watershed health goals: hydrology, physical habitat, water quality, and biological communities. Improvement in these four goal areas will improve overall watershed health and the capacity of watersheds to perform critical functions, such as providing clean water. This summary report was developed from watershed characterization reports and supporting documents that contain a high level of technical detail.
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