Cadre Conceptuel Du Jeu Préjudiciable : Une Collaboration Internationale

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Cadre Conceptuel Du Jeu Préjudiciable : Une Collaboration Internationale Cadre conceptuel du jeu préjudiciable : une collaboration internationale Troisième édition redd Commandité par Gambling Research Exchange Ontario (GREO), Guelph, Ontario, Canada Résumé Si le jeu est souvent considéré comme un divertissement ou un loisir, pour certaines personnes, qu’il s’agisse de familles ou d’individus, voire de la société en général, il peut avoir des répercussions graves. Depuis des décennies, les effets préjudiciables du jeu font l’objet d’études visant à comprendre les distinctions entre la pratique du jeu et le parcours de vie des problèmes liés au jeu. Le présent ouvrage élabore un cadre conceptuel complet et pertinent au niveau international du « jeu préjudiciable » qui identifie les préjudices au-delà d’une vue basée sur les symptômes et aborde une série de facteurs liés aux risques pour la population, de même qu’aux effets sur la communauté et la société. Les facteurs répertoriés dans le cadre représentent des éléments majeurs liés au jeu et sont tantôt spécifiques (environnement de jeu, exposition, types et ressources), tantôt généraux (culturels, sociétaux, psychologiques et biologiques). Le Cadre a été créé par une équipe internationale de spécialistes interdisciplinaires dans le but de faciliter la compréhension du jeu préjudiciable. Il reflète l’état des connaissances liées aux facteurs d’influence du jeu préjudiciable et a pour but secondaire de servir de guide au développement de programmes de recherche futurs et à l’éducation des personnes chargées de prendre des décisions en matière de jeu préjudiciable. Situé à Guelph, en Ontario (Canada), l’organisme Gambling Research Exchange Ontario ou GREO, anciennement Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre (OPGRC) a facilité l’élaboration du présent Cadre conceptuel sur le jeu préjudiciable et demeurera responsable d’assurer la mise à jour de celui-ci. Veuillez citer cet ouvrage comme suit : Abbott, Max; Binde, Per; Clark, Luke; Hodgins, David; Johnson, Mark; Manitowabi, Darrel; Quilty, Lena; Spångberg, Jessika; Volberg, Rachel; Walker, Douglas; Williams, Robert. (2018). Cadre conceptuel du jeu préjudiciable : une collaboration internationale, troisième édition. Gambling Research Exchange Ontario (GREO), Guelph, Ontario, Canada. https://doi.org/10.33684/CFHG3.Fr Note : L’utilisation du masculin a été adoptée uniquement dans le but de faciliter la lecture et n’a aucune intention discriminatoire. ©2018 Gambling Research Exchange Ontario Gambling Research Exchange Ontario (GREO) a reçu le soutien financier du Ministère de la Santé et des Soins de longue durée de l’Ontario (MSSLDO). Les points de vue exprimés sont ceux des auteurs et ne sont pas nécessairement partagés par le GREO, le MSSLDO ou la province de l’Ontario. L’utilisation du présent document à des fins commerciales est interdite sans l’autorisation expresse et écrite du GREO. Cet ouvrage et publié sous une licence Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License TABLE DES MATIÈRES 1. À propos du Cadre ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Objectifs clés du Cadre ................................................................................................................ 2 1.2 Définir le jeu ................................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Valeur du Cadre............................................................................................................................ 4 1.4 Aperçu du Cadre .......................................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Jeu préjudiciable et préjudices liés au jeu .................................................................................... 8 1.6 Pertinence du Cadre pour les parties prenantes........................................................................... 9 2. Discussion des facteurs propres au jeu qui contribuent au jeu préjudiciable ................................... 11 2.1 Environnement de jeu ................................................................................................................ 12 2.1.1 Contexte économique ......................................................................................................... 13 2.1.2 Environnement sociopolitique ............................................................................................. 16 2.1.3 Politique publique ............................................................................................................... 17 2.1.4 Culture de responsabilité sociale ......................................................................................... 20 2.1.5 Jeu responsable ................................................................................................................... 20 2.1.6 Impacts sociaux et économiques ......................................................................................... 22 2.1.7 Limites à faible risque .......................................................................................................... 24 2.2 Exposition au jeu ........................................................................................................................ 30 2.2.1 Environnement de jeu .......................................................................................................... 31 2.2.2 Accessibilité ......................................................................................................................... 33 2.2.3 Adaptation ........................................................................................................................... 35 2.2.4 Marketing et messages ........................................................................................................ 37 2.2.5 Convergence du jeu informatique et du jeu de hasard et d’argent ..................................... 39 2.3 Types de jeu ............................................................................................................................... 48 2.3.1 Caractéristiques structurelles ............................................................................................... 49 2.3.2 Caractéristiques motivationnelles ........................................................................................ 50 2.4 Ressources liées au jeu ............................................................................................................... 57 2.4.1 Services – accès et utilisation ............................................................................................... 57 2.4.2 Préjudices – réduction, prévention, protection .................................................................... 58 2.4.3 Évaluation du risque ............................................................................................................ 59 2.4.4 Interventions ........................................................................................................................ 59 3. Discussion des facteurs généraux contribuant au jeu préjudiciable ................................................. 67 3.1 Facteurs culturels ........................................................................................................................ 67 3.1.1 Origines ethniques et traditions .......................................................................................... 68 3.1.2 Peuples autochtones ............................................................................................................ 69 3.1.3 Attitudes socio-culturelles.................................................................................................... 73 3.1.4 Religion et autres systèmes de croyance ............................................................................. 74 3.1.5 Cultures du jeu .................................................................................................................... 75 3.1.6 Genre ................................................................................................................................... 75 3.2 Facteurs sociaux ......................................................................................................................... 83 3.2.1 Données démographiques et sociales ................................................................................. 84 3.2.2 Participation au jeu de la famille et des pairs ...................................................................... 84 3.2.3 Système éducatif ................................................................................................................. 86 3.2.4 Voisinage ............................................................................................................................. 86 3.2.5 Stigmatisation ...................................................................................................................... 87 3.2.6 Déviance .............................................................................................................................. 88 3.3 Facteurs psychologiques ............................................................................................................ 94 3.3.1 Personnalité et tempérament............................................................................................... 94 3.3.2 Modes d’adaptation ............................................................................................................ 95 3.3.3
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