Notes on Some Topics in Applied Animal Behaviour
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
MAC1 Abstracts – Oral Presentations
Oral Presentation Abstracts OP001 Rights, Interests and Moral Standing: a critical examination of dialogue between Regan and Frey. Rebekah Humphreys Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom This paper aims to assess R. G. Frey’s analysis of Leonard Nelson’s argument (that links interests to rights). Frey argues that claims that animals have rights or interests have not been established. Frey’s contentions that animals have not been shown to have rights nor interests will be discussed in turn, but the main focus will be on Frey’s claim that animals have not been shown to have interests. One way Frey analyses this latter claim is by considering H. J. McCloskey’s denial of the claim and Tom Regan’s criticism of this denial. While Frey’s position on animal interests does not depend on McCloskey’s views, he believes that a consideration of McCloskey’s views will reveal that Nelson’s argument (linking interests to rights) has not been established as sound. My discussion (of Frey’s scrutiny of Nelson’s argument) will centre only on the dialogue between Regan and Frey in respect of McCloskey’s argument. OP002 Can Special Relations Ground the Privileged Moral Status of Humans Over Animals? Robert Jones California State University, Chico, United States Much contemporary philosophical work regarding the moral considerability of nonhuman animals involves the search for some set of characteristics or properties that nonhuman animals possess sufficient for their robust membership in the sphere of things morally considerable. The most common strategy has been to identify some set of properties intrinsic to the animals themselves. -
Did Eating Human Poop Play a Role in the Evolution of Dogs?
WellBeing International WBI Studies Repository 4-24-2020 Did Eating Human Poop Play a Role in the Evolution of Dogs? Harold Herzog Animal Studies Repository Follow this and additional works at: https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/sc_herzog_compiss Recommended Citation Herzog, Harold, Did eating Human Poop Play a Role in the Evolution of Dogs? (2020), 'Animals and Us' Blog Posts, Psychology Today, 24 August, 118. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/animals-and- us/202008/did-eating-human-poop-play-role-in-the-evolution-dogs This material is brought to you for free and open access by WellBeing International. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Did Eating Human Poop Play a Role in the Evolution of Dogs? The consumption of human feces may have influenced canine evolution. Posted Aug 24, 2020 Source: Photo by K. Thalhotter/123RF “Poop is central to the story of how dogs came into our lives," write Duke University dog researchers Brian Hare and Vanessa Woods in their wonderful new book, Survival of the Friendliest: Understanding Our Origins and Rediscovering Our Common Humanity. I think they may be right. Molly, our beloved Labrador retriever, certainly loved to eat poop. Sometimes she would chow down on her own feces, and at other times, she preferred excrement of the cows that lived behind our house. Mary Jean and I found this practice (coprophagia) disgusting. We were not alone. Ben Hart and his colleagues at the University of California at Davis School of Veterinary Medicine surveyed nearly 3,000 dog owners about their pet’s penchant for poop. -
Species Image of Mandible Dietary Ecology
Species Image of Mandible Dietary Ecology Acomys cahirinus Omnivore – Seeds, fruits, (Northeast African insects, food scavenged from humans, shrubs (green leaves), spiny mouse) molluscs, carrion. Omnivore - (Nowak, 1999) Aplodontia rufa Herbivore – forbs, grasses, ferns. (mountain beaver) Specialised Herbivore – (Samuels, 2009). Bathyergus suillus Herbivore – grass, sedge, roots, (Cape dune mole- bulbs, tubers. rat) Specialised Herbivore – (Samuels, 2009). Cannomys badius Herbivore – roots, bamboo, (Lesser bamboo rat) shoots, grasses. Occasional seeds and fruits. Specialised Herbivore – (Samuels, 2009). Capromys pilorides Omnivore – Bark leaves, fruits, (Desmarest’s hutia) small vertebrates, ground and tree level vegetation. Omnivore - (Nowak, 1999). Castor canadensis Herbivore – Leaves, bark, bud (North American and roots, cambium (softer tissue of trees beneath bark). Beaver) Specialised Herbivore – (Samuels, 2009). Cavia porcellus Herbivore – Leaves, roots and (Domestic guinea tubers, fruits, flowers, lettuce etc. (rely on humans). pig) Specialised Herbivore (Cavia aperea) - (Samuels, 2009). Cricetomys Omnivore – Fruits, vegetables, gambianus nuts, insects, molluscs, roots (sweet potatoes etc.). (Northern giant pouched rat) Omnivore – (Nowak, 1999). Ctenomys opimus Diet for this species has not (Highland tuco-tuco) been extensively documented. Assuming that it is like other tuco-tuco, it is a herbivore – Grasses and roots primarily. Specialised Herbivore (Ctenomys conoveri) - (Samuels, 2009). Dasyprocta (Agouti - Species unknown. Assuming -
Public Workshop, a Lot of It Is Stemming from C
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION CENTER FOR BIOLOGICS EVALUATION AND RESEARCH CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH FECAL MICROBIOTA FOR TRANSPLANTATION: SCIENTIFIC AND REGULATORY ISSUES CENTER FOR BIOLOGICS, EVALUATION AND RESEARCH (FDA) AND THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES (NIH) [This transcript has not been edited or corrected, but appears as received from the commercial transcribing service. Accordingly, the Food and Drug Administration makes no representation as to its accuracy.] Bethesda, Maryland Thursday, May 2, 2013 A G E N D A Welcome and Opening Remarks: KAREN MIDTHUN, MD Director, CBER/FDA FRED CASSELS, PhD Branch Chief of Enteric and Hepatic Diseases,DMID/NIAID Session I: The Microbiome in Health and Disease Part I: Moderator: MELODY MILLS, PhD NIAID/NIH Panelists: LITA PROCTOR, PhD National Human Genome Research Institute PHILLIP TARR, MD Washington University, School of Medicine in St. Louis YASMINE BELKAID, PhD National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ERIC G. PAMER, MD Sloan-Kettering Institute VINCENT B. YOUNG, MD, PhD University of Michigan Session II: The Microbiome in Health and Disease Part II Moderator: DAVID RELMAN, MD Panelists: ROBERT BRITTON, PhD Michigan State University LINDA S. MANSFIELD, MS, VMD, PhD Michigan State University EMMA ALLEN-VERCOE, PhD University of Guelph * * * * * P R O C E E D I N G S (8:43 a.m.) MS. MIDTHUN: Good morning, can you hear me? Okay, very good. Well, first off I'd like to welcome all of you. Thank you so much for coming today. I'm Karen Midthun, the Director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research which is one of the Centers within the Food and Drug Administration. -
Coprophagia” Is Defined As the Ingestion of Any Type of Faeces, and Is a Common Complaint of Dog Owners
Homeward Bound Golden Retriever Rescue Golden Rule Training Canine Corprophagia "Coprophagia” is defined as the ingestion of any type of faeces, and is a common complaint of dog owners. For humans it can seem disgusting and embarrassing for our dogs to engage in this behavior. It is somewhat a natural act for dogs, but as we domesticate our pets, we expect these behaviors to disappear; however, they are still animals with natural instincts! A dog may eat its own faeces, those of another dog or the faeces of another species. Dogs commonly eat the faeces of cats with which they share a household (or farm animals). The only circumstance in which coprophagia is considered a normal behavior is when a mother dog eats the faeces of her pups from the time of their birth until about 3 weeks of age. It is felt that the mother does this to keep the area clean until the pups are able to move away from it to defecate. A clean area may be less likely to attract predators in the wild. What behaviors are linked with corprophagia? Coprophagia may be a behavioral or a medical problem. It may be a type of behavioral coping mechanism for an animal that is caught in a stressful situation, such as a sudden environmental change. It can also be a tactic to avoid punishment for having a bowel movement in an inappropriate area. Coprophagia can inadvertently be taught to a puppy or adult during housetraining; if the puppy or dog is scolded or he sees the owner 'cleaning up' the bowel movement in the house, the puppy may learn to 'hide' the bowel movement by eating it. -
Animal Welfare During Pre-Slaughter
Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin University of Applied Science __________________________________________________________________ Animal Welfare during Pre-Slaughter Julia Ott Bachelor 4. Semester Food Science and Technology E-Mail: [email protected] _________________________________________________________________ Animal Welfare during Pre-Slaughter ___________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents 1.) Introduction ……………………………………………………............2 2.) Dr. Temple Grandin…………………………………………….............2 3.) Sense and Sensibility of Animals 3.1.) Sensibility of Animals……………………………………....3 4.) Animals Feel Pain and Fear 4.1.) Pain and Fear in Animals ………………………………….............3 4.2.) Fear Pheromones…………………………………………....................4 5.) Livestock Handling 5.1.) Vision of Animals…………………………………………..5 5.2.) Light and Shadows…………………………………………5 5.3.) Noise ………………………………………………………6 5.2.) Flight Zone…………………………………………………6 5.3.) Point of Balance……………………………………………7 6.) Achievements of Animal Welfare in Slaughterhouses 6.1.) Cattle Handling 6.1.1.) Cattle Stunning……………………………………........8 6.1.2.) Cattle Vocalisation………………………………….......9 6.2.) Pig Handling 6.2.1.) Pigs Stunning……………………………………….....10 6.2.2.) Pigs Vocalisation……………………………………....11 7.) Recommended Animal Handling Guidelines and Audit Guide 2007 Edition ……………………………………..…..................12 8.) Conclusion……………………………………………………..............13 9.) References………………………………………………………...........14 ___________________________________________________________________________ -
Book of Abstracts
XIIIXIII th SLOVAKSLOVAK ANDAND CZECHCZECH PARASITOLOGICALPARASITOLOGICAL DAYSDAYS XIII. SLOVENSKÉ A ČESKÉ PARAZITOLOGICKÉ DNI ParasitesParasites inin thethe HeartHeart ofof EuropeEurope 2 BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Košice, Slovakia,Sl ki Congress C g Hotel H t l Centrum C May 21 – 25, 2018 The editors hold no responsibility for any content, inaccuracy or language errors in the abstracts. EDITORS MARTINA MITERPÁKOVÁ, ZUZANA VASILKOVÁ GRAPHIC DESIGN ZUZANA VASILKOVÁ ISBN 978 – 80 - 968473 – 9 – 6 ©SLOVAK SOCIETY FOR PARASITOLOGY AT SAS KOŠICE, MAY 2018 OORRGAANINIZZEED BY TTHHE Sllovakovak Soocietyciety fforor Paarasitologyrasitology Innstitutestitute ooff Paarasitology,rasitology, Sllovakovak Accademyademy ooff Scciencesiences Czzechech Societyociety fforor Paarasitologyrasitology ORGANIZING COMMITTEE CHAIR: MARTINA MITERPÁKOVÁ MEMBERS: DANIELA ANTOLOVÁ ZUZANA HURNÍKOVÁ EVA NOVÁKOVÁ VERONIKA TARAGEĽOVÁ ZUZANA VASILKOVÁ JUDGING PANEL FOR STUDENT COMPETITION CHAIR: IVICA HROMADOVÁ Institute of Parasitology SAS, Košice, SK MEMBERS: DAVID BRUCE CONN Harvard University and Berry College, US LIBOR MIKEŠ Charles University, Faculty of Science, Prague, CZ DANIEL MŁOCICKI Medical University of Warsaw, PL MARIÁN VÁRADY Institute of Parasitology SAS, Košice, SK JAN VOTÝPKA Charles University, Faculty of Science, Prague, CZ GRZEGORZ ZALEŚNY Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, PL TABLE OF CONTENTS Session I – Helminths: Diversity, Taxonomy and Ultrastructure……….......................……………1 Session II – Parasitology in Genomic, Immunology -
An Exploration Into the Psychotherapeutic Needs of Males Who Have Been
An Exploration into The Psychotherapeutic Needs of Males Who Have Been Sexually Abused by Their Biological Mother in Australia: A Qualitative Description Study Lucetta Eva Thomas A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Health The University of Canberra 2019 iii Abstract This thesis explores the experiences of males who have sought psychotherapeutic support for sexual abuse perpetrated by their biological mother in Australia, using a qualitative description research design. The research’s findings fill a gap in the existing body of sexual abuse knowledge, specifically regarding the requirements and needs of males who have been sexually abused by their mothers. The information in this thesis establishes recommendations for practitioners—whether sexual assault support workers, mental health nurses, relationship psychologists, medical doctors or psychiatrists—to use in an environment of limited resources for providing effective and appropriate support for maternally sexually abused males accessing their services. The sexual abuse experienced by these men when they were boys was often highly traumatic and, at times, extremely violent. The maternal sexual abuse has not only adversely affected their childhood, but their lives as adults. The research shines a light on gender stereotypes and myths of mothers as only gentle and caring nurturers and protectors of their children, and of males as only perpetrators of child sexual abuse. Important research outcomes include acknowledging the sexual abuse of boys by their biological mother and the therapeutic inclusion and comprehensive integration of this type of abuse into child abuse prevention—to protect boys from maternal sexual abuse in the future. vii Acknowledgements First, I acknowledge Greg, whose heartbreaking experience of abuse by his biological mother compelled me to undertake this necessary research. -
Stop Your Dog from Eating Feces
Stop Your Dog from Eating Feces Coprophagia is a nasty dog problem that dog owners hate. It does not make sense, as we feed them the best meals possible, and they chose to eat poop. Who figured? Eating feces issues are most common in puppies. However, it can be seen at any stage throughout a dog's life. For such a wide spread problem there hasn't been much research conducted into how to stop our dogs from eating poop. The good news is that there are many ways available to correct this nasty habit. Whichever method you try below, be consistent. You must enforce your strategy every time to be successful. This will soon be the new habit. So, why do dogs eat poop (dog or cat poop)? Let’s break them into two simple areas: 1. Behavioral – It’s either a habitual behavioral problem, or 2. Medical – There is an underlying medical issue. You can easily discount the medical issues by asking your vet to examine your dog. They have a battery of tests that will easily tell them if your dog has a deficiency that is causing them to need to eat feces. Keep your dog well vaccinated, as coprophagia will indeed cause other medical issues as expected from eating parasites resident in feces. Dogs eat their own poop because of the following reasons: - If a dog punished for defecating inside the house, he may on occasions eat his poop to "hide the evidence". - It tastes good to your dog - Sometimes anxiety causes them to do it – stress - Sometimes dogs develop this feces eating habit because they are copying the behavior of other dogs. -
Fear and the Behaviour of Virtual Flocking Animals
Fear and the behaviour of virtual flocking animals Carlos Delgado1 Mata, Ruth Aylett2 [email protected], [email protected] 1University of Bonaterra, Aguasclaientes, Mexico; 2Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK Abstract. The paper investigates the role of an affective system as part of an ethologically-inspired action-selection mechanism for virtual animals in a 3D interactive graphics environment. It discusses the integration of emotion with flocking and grazing behaviour and a mechanism for communicating emotion between animals; develops a metric for analyzing the collective behaviour of the animals and its complexity and shows that emotion reduces the complexity of behaviour and thus mediates between individual and collective behaviour. 1. Introduction Minsky [13] was one of the first to emphasise the importance of emotion for Artificial Intelligence. Since then, research in affective systems for embodied autonomous agents, robotic and graphical, has expanded. Approaches divide into low-level, neuro- physiologically inspired accounts, focusing on sub-symbolic behavioural architectures [5,21], and high-level cognitive science-inspired accounts, focusing on symbolic appraisal-driven architectures [9, 16]. This work concentrates on a low-level account, applied to flocking mammals (sheep, deer), and demonstrates the role of fear as a social regulator between individual and group behaviour. We take the ‘primitive emotions’ namely: anger, fear, disgust, surprise, happiness and sadness, [8] as a plausible set for other mammals than humans, and examine how they can be integrated into an ethologically-based action-selection mechanism. For affective systems to have developed and remain under the pressure of evolutionary selection, they must play a functional role within the overall architecture of animals. -
Fecal Microbial Transplantation and Its Expansion Into the Treatment of Other Diseases
Fecal Microbial Transplantation and its Expansion into the Treatment of Other Diseases by Braden Thomas Millan A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Medicine University of Alberta ©Braden Thomas Millan, 2016 Abstract Background: Fecal Microbial Transplantation (FMT) has gained popularity due to its efficacy in the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (RCDI). RCDI is associated with prolonged courses of antibiotics with high recurrence rates following the initial resolution of symptoms. The increased use of antibiotics in both healthcare and agriculture has led to increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microbes. Therefore, we first tested the hypothesis that patients with RCDI would harbor high numbers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and secondly, that FMT would reduce the number of antibiotic-resistant gene containing bacteria. Furthermore, the association between microbial dysbiosis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has enhanced interest in therapies targeting the microbiota. For RCDI, resolution of the infection using FMT correlates with efficient engraftment of the donor microbiota. The purpose of our mouse studies was to determine the efficiency of donor microbiota engraftment into the recipient following a short pre-FMT treatment regimen and investigate if this changed the FMTs ability to reduce the development of colitis in Interleukin-10 knockout (IL-10 -/-) mice. Methods: Using shotgun metagenomics, we sequenced the microbiota of 20 RCDI patients. The libraries from the RCDI patients and a healthy cohort (n=87) obtained from the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) were aligned against the NCBI bacterial taxonomy database and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD). -
Why Dogs Eat Poop and How to Stop It (2016)
Why Dogs Eat Poop and How To Stop It By Staff Writers | July 01, 2015 With permission of the American Veterinary Medical Association f all the repulsive habits our canine companions have— in nature that protects pack members from intestinal parasites Odrinking from the toilet, rolling in swamp muck, licking present in feces that could occasionally be dropped in the den/ their butts—nothing tops the disgusting practice of eating poop. rest area.” His study consisted of two separate surveys sent to Their motivation may not be to gross us humans out, but it about 3,000 dog owners. certainly does. So much so, in fact, that poop eating is often a reason people try to rehome a dog or even opt for euthanasia. While it is repulsive to human sensibilities, it’s not really all that bad from a canine point of view. Dogs evolved as scavengers, There’s a scientific name for this habit—coprophagia (kop-ruh- eating whatever they found on the ground or in the trash heap, fey-jee-uh)—and also both behavioral and physiologic reasons so their ideas of haute cuisine is somewhat different from ours. why some dogs view dung as a delicacy. In his Handbook of Applied Dog Behavior and Training, animal behaviorist Steven R. Lindsay says, that coprophagia “may be one of several appetitive survival behaviors that have evolved to cope with the periodic adversity of starvation.” In other words, when food is scarce, you can’t be picky. Poop Eating is Normal For Mothers and Pups For some species, such as rabbits, eating fecal droppings is a totally normal way of obtaining key nutrients.