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Did Eating Human Poop Play a Role in the Evolution of Dogs?
WellBeing International WBI Studies Repository 4-24-2020 Did Eating Human Poop Play a Role in the Evolution of Dogs? Harold Herzog Animal Studies Repository Follow this and additional works at: https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/sc_herzog_compiss Recommended Citation Herzog, Harold, Did eating Human Poop Play a Role in the Evolution of Dogs? (2020), 'Animals and Us' Blog Posts, Psychology Today, 24 August, 118. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/animals-and- us/202008/did-eating-human-poop-play-role-in-the-evolution-dogs This material is brought to you for free and open access by WellBeing International. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Did Eating Human Poop Play a Role in the Evolution of Dogs? The consumption of human feces may have influenced canine evolution. Posted Aug 24, 2020 Source: Photo by K. Thalhotter/123RF “Poop is central to the story of how dogs came into our lives," write Duke University dog researchers Brian Hare and Vanessa Woods in their wonderful new book, Survival of the Friendliest: Understanding Our Origins and Rediscovering Our Common Humanity. I think they may be right. Molly, our beloved Labrador retriever, certainly loved to eat poop. Sometimes she would chow down on her own feces, and at other times, she preferred excrement of the cows that lived behind our house. Mary Jean and I found this practice (coprophagia) disgusting. We were not alone. Ben Hart and his colleagues at the University of California at Davis School of Veterinary Medicine surveyed nearly 3,000 dog owners about their pet’s penchant for poop. -
ISP 2 38 2017 TYT.Cdr
ZARZĄDZANIE PUBLICZNE 2(38) 2017, s. 131–146 doi:10.4467/20843968ZP.16.012.7227 www.ejournals.eu/Zarzadzanie-Publiczne Izabela Kapera Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w Krakowie e-mail: [email protected] tHe relatiOnSHip between natiOnal parkS and lOcal gOvernmentS in tHe area Of tOuriSm develOpment in pOland: cOllabOratiOn, OppOrtunitieS and cHallengeS Abstract The purpose of the paper is to discuss the scope and quality of collaborative efforts between na- tional parks and local governments in the area of tourism development. The research procedure is based on the questionnaires received from all 23 national parks in Poland, which welcome a total of about 11 million tourists per year. The largest number of park and local government decisions made concern promotional efforts and the development of tourist infrastructure – mostly walking trails. Most national parks (61%) do suggest that tourism development conflicts with the mission of national parks. The research results may help better understand the relation- ship between national parks and local governments and may help evaluate what is expected of government officials. Keywords: protected areas, local governments, tourism management, Poland Streszczenie parki narodowe i samorządy terytorialne a działania na rzecz rozwoju turystyki w polsce: współpraca, możliwości oraz wyzwania Celem opracowania jest analiza zakresu i ocena współpracy parków narodowych z władzami samorządowymi na rzecz rozwoju turystyki. W artykule zaprezentowano diagnozę wspólnie podejmowanych działań z zakresu turystyki nakreśloną z perspektywy wszystkich (23) parków narodowych w Polsce. Obszary te odwiedza rocznie około 11 mln turystów. Najwięcej wspól- nie podejmowanych z samorządem działań z zakresu turystyki dotyczy działań promocyjnych. Następnie wskazywano na rozwój infrastruktury turystycznej (głównie szlaków). -
Species Image of Mandible Dietary Ecology
Species Image of Mandible Dietary Ecology Acomys cahirinus Omnivore – Seeds, fruits, (Northeast African insects, food scavenged from humans, shrubs (green leaves), spiny mouse) molluscs, carrion. Omnivore - (Nowak, 1999) Aplodontia rufa Herbivore – forbs, grasses, ferns. (mountain beaver) Specialised Herbivore – (Samuels, 2009). Bathyergus suillus Herbivore – grass, sedge, roots, (Cape dune mole- bulbs, tubers. rat) Specialised Herbivore – (Samuels, 2009). Cannomys badius Herbivore – roots, bamboo, (Lesser bamboo rat) shoots, grasses. Occasional seeds and fruits. Specialised Herbivore – (Samuels, 2009). Capromys pilorides Omnivore – Bark leaves, fruits, (Desmarest’s hutia) small vertebrates, ground and tree level vegetation. Omnivore - (Nowak, 1999). Castor canadensis Herbivore – Leaves, bark, bud (North American and roots, cambium (softer tissue of trees beneath bark). Beaver) Specialised Herbivore – (Samuels, 2009). Cavia porcellus Herbivore – Leaves, roots and (Domestic guinea tubers, fruits, flowers, lettuce etc. (rely on humans). pig) Specialised Herbivore (Cavia aperea) - (Samuels, 2009). Cricetomys Omnivore – Fruits, vegetables, gambianus nuts, insects, molluscs, roots (sweet potatoes etc.). (Northern giant pouched rat) Omnivore – (Nowak, 1999). Ctenomys opimus Diet for this species has not (Highland tuco-tuco) been extensively documented. Assuming that it is like other tuco-tuco, it is a herbivore – Grasses and roots primarily. Specialised Herbivore (Ctenomys conoveri) - (Samuels, 2009). Dasyprocta (Agouti - Species unknown. Assuming -
Public Workshop, a Lot of It Is Stemming from C
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION CENTER FOR BIOLOGICS EVALUATION AND RESEARCH CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH FECAL MICROBIOTA FOR TRANSPLANTATION: SCIENTIFIC AND REGULATORY ISSUES CENTER FOR BIOLOGICS, EVALUATION AND RESEARCH (FDA) AND THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES (NIH) [This transcript has not been edited or corrected, but appears as received from the commercial transcribing service. Accordingly, the Food and Drug Administration makes no representation as to its accuracy.] Bethesda, Maryland Thursday, May 2, 2013 A G E N D A Welcome and Opening Remarks: KAREN MIDTHUN, MD Director, CBER/FDA FRED CASSELS, PhD Branch Chief of Enteric and Hepatic Diseases,DMID/NIAID Session I: The Microbiome in Health and Disease Part I: Moderator: MELODY MILLS, PhD NIAID/NIH Panelists: LITA PROCTOR, PhD National Human Genome Research Institute PHILLIP TARR, MD Washington University, School of Medicine in St. Louis YASMINE BELKAID, PhD National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ERIC G. PAMER, MD Sloan-Kettering Institute VINCENT B. YOUNG, MD, PhD University of Michigan Session II: The Microbiome in Health and Disease Part II Moderator: DAVID RELMAN, MD Panelists: ROBERT BRITTON, PhD Michigan State University LINDA S. MANSFIELD, MS, VMD, PhD Michigan State University EMMA ALLEN-VERCOE, PhD University of Guelph * * * * * P R O C E E D I N G S (8:43 a.m.) MS. MIDTHUN: Good morning, can you hear me? Okay, very good. Well, first off I'd like to welcome all of you. Thank you so much for coming today. I'm Karen Midthun, the Director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research which is one of the Centers within the Food and Drug Administration. -
Coprophagia” Is Defined As the Ingestion of Any Type of Faeces, and Is a Common Complaint of Dog Owners
Homeward Bound Golden Retriever Rescue Golden Rule Training Canine Corprophagia "Coprophagia” is defined as the ingestion of any type of faeces, and is a common complaint of dog owners. For humans it can seem disgusting and embarrassing for our dogs to engage in this behavior. It is somewhat a natural act for dogs, but as we domesticate our pets, we expect these behaviors to disappear; however, they are still animals with natural instincts! A dog may eat its own faeces, those of another dog or the faeces of another species. Dogs commonly eat the faeces of cats with which they share a household (or farm animals). The only circumstance in which coprophagia is considered a normal behavior is when a mother dog eats the faeces of her pups from the time of their birth until about 3 weeks of age. It is felt that the mother does this to keep the area clean until the pups are able to move away from it to defecate. A clean area may be less likely to attract predators in the wild. What behaviors are linked with corprophagia? Coprophagia may be a behavioral or a medical problem. It may be a type of behavioral coping mechanism for an animal that is caught in a stressful situation, such as a sudden environmental change. It can also be a tactic to avoid punishment for having a bowel movement in an inappropriate area. Coprophagia can inadvertently be taught to a puppy or adult during housetraining; if the puppy or dog is scolded or he sees the owner 'cleaning up' the bowel movement in the house, the puppy may learn to 'hide' the bowel movement by eating it. -
Green Bond Report on the Use of Proceeds Green Bond Report On The Use Of Proceeds
GREEN BOND REPORT ON THE USE OF PROCEEDS Poland’s 8-year EUR Green Bond maturing on August 7, 2026 February 2019 Contents Introduction Green Bond details Use of Proceeds Use of Proceeds in detail COP24 in Katowice Erratum to the Green Bond Report on the Use of Proceeds published in December 2017 2 Introduction In December 2016, the Republic of Poland issued its inaugural Green Bond, which, at the same time, was the first sovereign Green Bond in the history. That successful transaction was aimed at financing or refinancing environmen- tal expenditures and hence, fighting the climate change. Many times the Ministry of Finance’s officials stated that Poland wanted to be a repeat issuer on this innovative market. It stressed that it wanted to be an inherent part of a broader pro-environmental community. In response to that, in February 2018, Poland decided to issue Green Bonds for the second time. This time bigger transaction translated into even higher value of green projects to be financed. This report provides details for the Use of Proceeds of the second issuance. It also contains estimation of CO2 avoided as a result of expenditures on Renewa- ble Energy Sector from both Green Bond issues (issued in December 2016 and February 2018). PIOTR NOWAK, UNDERSECRETARY OF STATE, MINISTRY OF FINANCE ”After launching the first issue we focused on allocation of proceeds, but, as time went by, we started to think about the second issue of that type. For sure, we didn’t and still don’t want to be only an occasional issuer on this important market. -
An Exploration Into the Psychotherapeutic Needs of Males Who Have Been
An Exploration into The Psychotherapeutic Needs of Males Who Have Been Sexually Abused by Their Biological Mother in Australia: A Qualitative Description Study Lucetta Eva Thomas A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Health The University of Canberra 2019 iii Abstract This thesis explores the experiences of males who have sought psychotherapeutic support for sexual abuse perpetrated by their biological mother in Australia, using a qualitative description research design. The research’s findings fill a gap in the existing body of sexual abuse knowledge, specifically regarding the requirements and needs of males who have been sexually abused by their mothers. The information in this thesis establishes recommendations for practitioners—whether sexual assault support workers, mental health nurses, relationship psychologists, medical doctors or psychiatrists—to use in an environment of limited resources for providing effective and appropriate support for maternally sexually abused males accessing their services. The sexual abuse experienced by these men when they were boys was often highly traumatic and, at times, extremely violent. The maternal sexual abuse has not only adversely affected their childhood, but their lives as adults. The research shines a light on gender stereotypes and myths of mothers as only gentle and caring nurturers and protectors of their children, and of males as only perpetrators of child sexual abuse. Important research outcomes include acknowledging the sexual abuse of boys by their biological mother and the therapeutic inclusion and comprehensive integration of this type of abuse into child abuse prevention—to protect boys from maternal sexual abuse in the future. vii Acknowledgements First, I acknowledge Greg, whose heartbreaking experience of abuse by his biological mother compelled me to undertake this necessary research. -
Stop Your Dog from Eating Feces
Stop Your Dog from Eating Feces Coprophagia is a nasty dog problem that dog owners hate. It does not make sense, as we feed them the best meals possible, and they chose to eat poop. Who figured? Eating feces issues are most common in puppies. However, it can be seen at any stage throughout a dog's life. For such a wide spread problem there hasn't been much research conducted into how to stop our dogs from eating poop. The good news is that there are many ways available to correct this nasty habit. Whichever method you try below, be consistent. You must enforce your strategy every time to be successful. This will soon be the new habit. So, why do dogs eat poop (dog or cat poop)? Let’s break them into two simple areas: 1. Behavioral – It’s either a habitual behavioral problem, or 2. Medical – There is an underlying medical issue. You can easily discount the medical issues by asking your vet to examine your dog. They have a battery of tests that will easily tell them if your dog has a deficiency that is causing them to need to eat feces. Keep your dog well vaccinated, as coprophagia will indeed cause other medical issues as expected from eating parasites resident in feces. Dogs eat their own poop because of the following reasons: - If a dog punished for defecating inside the house, he may on occasions eat his poop to "hide the evidence". - It tastes good to your dog - Sometimes anxiety causes them to do it – stress - Sometimes dogs develop this feces eating habit because they are copying the behavior of other dogs. -
Fecal Microbial Transplantation and Its Expansion Into the Treatment of Other Diseases
Fecal Microbial Transplantation and its Expansion into the Treatment of Other Diseases by Braden Thomas Millan A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Medicine University of Alberta ©Braden Thomas Millan, 2016 Abstract Background: Fecal Microbial Transplantation (FMT) has gained popularity due to its efficacy in the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (RCDI). RCDI is associated with prolonged courses of antibiotics with high recurrence rates following the initial resolution of symptoms. The increased use of antibiotics in both healthcare and agriculture has led to increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microbes. Therefore, we first tested the hypothesis that patients with RCDI would harbor high numbers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and secondly, that FMT would reduce the number of antibiotic-resistant gene containing bacteria. Furthermore, the association between microbial dysbiosis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has enhanced interest in therapies targeting the microbiota. For RCDI, resolution of the infection using FMT correlates with efficient engraftment of the donor microbiota. The purpose of our mouse studies was to determine the efficiency of donor microbiota engraftment into the recipient following a short pre-FMT treatment regimen and investigate if this changed the FMTs ability to reduce the development of colitis in Interleukin-10 knockout (IL-10 -/-) mice. Methods: Using shotgun metagenomics, we sequenced the microbiota of 20 RCDI patients. The libraries from the RCDI patients and a healthy cohort (n=87) obtained from the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) were aligned against the NCBI bacterial taxonomy database and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD). -
Why Dogs Eat Poop and How to Stop It (2016)
Why Dogs Eat Poop and How To Stop It By Staff Writers | July 01, 2015 With permission of the American Veterinary Medical Association f all the repulsive habits our canine companions have— in nature that protects pack members from intestinal parasites Odrinking from the toilet, rolling in swamp muck, licking present in feces that could occasionally be dropped in the den/ their butts—nothing tops the disgusting practice of eating poop. rest area.” His study consisted of two separate surveys sent to Their motivation may not be to gross us humans out, but it about 3,000 dog owners. certainly does. So much so, in fact, that poop eating is often a reason people try to rehome a dog or even opt for euthanasia. While it is repulsive to human sensibilities, it’s not really all that bad from a canine point of view. Dogs evolved as scavengers, There’s a scientific name for this habit—coprophagia (kop-ruh- eating whatever they found on the ground or in the trash heap, fey-jee-uh)—and also both behavioral and physiologic reasons so their ideas of haute cuisine is somewhat different from ours. why some dogs view dung as a delicacy. In his Handbook of Applied Dog Behavior and Training, animal behaviorist Steven R. Lindsay says, that coprophagia “may be one of several appetitive survival behaviors that have evolved to cope with the periodic adversity of starvation.” In other words, when food is scarce, you can’t be picky. Poop Eating is Normal For Mothers and Pups For some species, such as rabbits, eating fecal droppings is a totally normal way of obtaining key nutrients. -
Val Strong's Serotonin Enhancing Diet
A Dog’s Dinner - Diet and Behaviour Val Strong MSc Introduction The way we manage what and how we feed our dogs can have a dramatic effect on their behaviour and mood, and it is only recently that more interest has been placed upon the effect of diet on the behaviour of our pet dogs. Many people never give a thought to what they are feeding their dogs. They can be influenced by a cute pet food commercial, or by Mrs Smith in the pet shop who must know what she is talking about because she sells the stuff! We are already aware that humans can alter their mental and emotional state by having a coffee, a cigarette, an alcoholic drink or by taking drugs (be they prescribed or recreational). Chemicals affect intellectual ability and mood, and food is made up of chemicals both natural and unnatural; if you doubt it, remember the effect that ‘E numbers’ have on children! So, are our dogs any different? The answer of course is no! In the past, little emphasis has been placed on how diet can affect canine behaviour, and it is interesting that in many specialist dog books, nutrition is only referred to within the context of clinical disease. It is, however, becoming increasingly obvious that those working in the field of animal behaviour and training must be familiar with the use of dietary manipulation in the treatment of certain behavioural problems, and it should form part of their behaviour modification toolkit. The Importance of a Balanced Diet Appropriate nutrition requires that all nutrients - carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins and water - are consumed in adequate amounts and in correct proportions. -
JAACAP Connectfall 2017 • VOLUME 4 • ISSUE 4
A JAACAP PUBLICATION JAACAP ConnectFALL 2017 • VOLUME 4 • ISSUE 4 A Recommitment Ceremony 3 Oliver M. Stroeh, MD ............................................ Lab to Smartphone 4 David Rettew, MD .............................................. Boys’ Club: Sexual Dimorphism in Autism Spectrum Disorder 6 Emily A. Slat, BSc, Anne L. Glowinski, MD, MPE ....................... The Challenge of Bullying Victimization for Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder 9 Marcus A. Harrison, BS, Gerrit van Schalkwyk, MBChB ................... The Boy Who Lived: Harry Potter, Suicide, and an Opportunity for Mental Health Literacy 13 Mark Sinyor, MSc, MD, FRCPC................................... Review of Possible Etiologies and Treatment Options in a Teen With Coprophagia 17 Candace L. Giles, MD........................................... PROMOTING DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSLATIONAL SKILLS AND PUBLICATION AS EDUCATION 2018 Pediatric Psychopharmacology Update Institute Cutting-Edge Psychopharmacology: Fads vs. Facts? Save the Dates! January 26-27, 2018 Laurence L. Greenhill, MD and Jeremy M. Veenstra-VanderWeele, MD, Co-Chairs New York Marriott at the Brooklyn Bridge—Brooklyn, NY Registration opens in September at www.aacap.org/psychopharm-2018. Questions? Email [email protected]. 06317 AACAP 2018 JanInst Ad updated.indd 1 8/22/17 5:26 PM JAACAP Connect A JAACAP PUBLICATION Welcome to JAACAP Connect! What is JAACAP Connect? mentors when necessary, and work as a team to create All are invited! JAACAP Connect is an online companion the final manuscripts. to the Journal of the American Academy of Child and What are the content requirements for Adolescent Psychiatry (JAACAP), the leading journal JAACAP Connect articles? focused exclusively on psychiatric research and treat- JAACAP Connect is interested in any topic relevant to ment of children and adolescents. A core mission of pediatric mental health that bridges scientific findings JAACAP Connect is to engage trainees and practi- with clinical reality.