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In Silico Methods for Drug Repositioning and Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction
In silico Methods for Drug Repositioning and Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction Pathima Nusrath Hameed ORCID: 0000-0002-8118-9823 Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Mechanical Engineering THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE May 2018 Copyright © 2018 Pathima Nusrath Hameed All rights reserved. No part of the publication may be reproduced in any form by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without written permission from the author. Abstract Drug repositioning and drug-drug interaction (DDI) prediction are two fundamental ap- plications having a large impact on drug development and clinical care. Drug reposi- tioning aims to identify new uses for existing drugs. Moreover, understanding harmful DDIs is essential to enhance the effects of clinical care. Exploring both therapeutic uses and adverse effects of drugs or a pair of drugs have significant benefits in pharmacology. The use of computational methods to support drug repositioning and DDI prediction en- able improvements in the speed of drug development compared to in vivo and in vitro methods. This thesis investigates the consequences of employing a representative training sam- ple in achieving better performance for DDI classification. The Positive-Unlabeled Learn- ing method introduced in this thesis aims to employ representative positives as well as reliable negatives to train the binary classifier for inferring potential DDIs. Moreover, it explores the importance of a finer-grained similarity metric to represent the pairwise drug similarities. Drug repositioning can be approached by new indication detection. In this study, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification is used as the primary source to determine the indications/therapeutic uses of drugs for drug repositioning. -
Ehealth DSI [Ehdsi V2.2.2-OR] Ehealth DSI – Master Value Set
MTC eHealth DSI [eHDSI v2.2.2-OR] eHealth DSI – Master Value Set Catalogue Responsible : eHDSI Solution Provider PublishDate : Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 1 of 490 MTC Table of Contents epSOSActiveIngredient 4 epSOSAdministrativeGender 148 epSOSAdverseEventType 149 epSOSAllergenNoDrugs 150 epSOSBloodGroup 155 epSOSBloodPressure 156 epSOSCodeNoMedication 157 epSOSCodeProb 158 epSOSConfidentiality 159 epSOSCountry 160 epSOSDisplayLabel 167 epSOSDocumentCode 170 epSOSDoseForm 171 epSOSHealthcareProfessionalRoles 184 epSOSIllnessesandDisorders 186 epSOSLanguage 448 epSOSMedicalDevices 458 epSOSNullFavor 461 epSOSPackage 462 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 2 of 490 MTC epSOSPersonalRelationship 464 epSOSPregnancyInformation 466 epSOSProcedures 467 epSOSReactionAllergy 470 epSOSResolutionOutcome 472 epSOSRoleClass 473 epSOSRouteofAdministration 474 epSOSSections 477 epSOSSeverity 478 epSOSSocialHistory 479 epSOSStatusCode 480 epSOSSubstitutionCode 481 epSOSTelecomAddress 482 epSOSTimingEvent 483 epSOSUnits 484 epSOSUnknownInformation 487 epSOSVaccine 488 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 3 of 490 MTC epSOSActiveIngredient epSOSActiveIngredient Value Set ID 1.3.6.1.4.1.12559.11.10.1.3.1.42.24 TRANSLATIONS Code System ID Code System Version Concept Code Description (FSN) 2.16.840.1.113883.6.73 2017-01 A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 2.16.840.1.113883.6.73 2017-01 -
Sodium Channel Na Channels;Na+ Channels
Sodium Channel Na channels;Na+ channels Sodium channels are integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium ions (Na +) through a cell's plasma membrane. They are classified according to the trigger that opens the channel for such ions, i.e. either a voltage-change (Voltage-gated, voltage-sensitive, or voltage-dependent sodium channel also called VGSCs or Nav channel) or a binding of a substance (a ligand) to the channel (ligand-gated sodium channels). In excitable cells such as neurons, myocytes, and certain types of glia, sodium channels are responsible for the rising phase of action potentials. Voltage-gated Na+ channels can exist in any of three distinct states: deactivated (closed), activated (open), or inactivated (closed). Ligand-gated sodium channels are activated by binding of a ligand instead of a change in membrane potential. www.MedChemExpress.com 1 Sodium Channel Inhibitors & Modulators (+)-Kavain (-)-Sparteine sulfate pentahydrate Cat. No.: HY-B1671 ((-)-Lupinidine (sulfate pentahydrate)) Cat. No.: HY-B1304 Bioactivity: (+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper Bioactivity: (-)-Sparteine sulfate pentahydrate ((-)-Lupinidine sulfate methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating pentahydrate) is a class 1a antiarrhythmic agent and a sodium vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with channel blocker. It is an alkaloid, can chelate the bivalents voltage-dependent Na + and Ca 2+ channels [1]. (+)-Kav… calcium and magnesium. Purity: 99.98% Purity: 98.0% Clinical Data: No Development Reported Clinical Data: Launched Size: 10mM x 1mL in DMSO, Size: 10mM x 1mL in DMSO, 5 mg, 10 mg 50 mg A-803467 Ajmaline Cat. No.: HY-11079 (Cardiorythmine; (+)-Ajmaline) Cat. No.: HY-B1167 Bioactivity: A 803467 is a selective Nav1.8 sodium channel blocker with an Bioactivity: Ajmaline is an alkaloid that is class Ia antiarrhythmic agent. -
1. Diuretics: Definition, Classification According to the Localization of Action in Nephron, Strength and Speed of Onset and Duration of Effect
DRUGS AFFECTING THE FUNCTIONS OF EFFECTOR ORGANS AND SYSTEMS LESSON 13. DIURETIC DRUGS Key questions: 1. Diuretics: definition, classification according to the localization of action in nephron, strength and speed of onset and duration of effect. 1.1. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acting on the proximal renal tubules) – acetazolamide. 1.2. Loop diuretics (acting on the ascending part of loop of Henle): furosemide, bumetanide, torasemide. 1.3. Thiazide (hydrochlorothiazide, bendroflumethiazide) and thiazide-like (chlorthalidone, indapamide, xipamid, metolazone) diuretics acting on the initial part of the distal renal tubules. 1.4. Potassium-sparing diuretics (acting on the distal renal tubules and collector renal tubules): sodium channels inhibitors (triamterene, amiloride), aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone, eplerenone). 1.5. Osmotic diuretics (acting on the proximal renal tubules, the descending part of the loop of Henle and collector renal tubules) – mannitol. 1.6. Side effects of diuretics, including water-electrolyte and metabolic disorders. 1.7. Use of diuretics: arterial hypertension, chronic heart failue, edemas, oliguric renal failure, acute intoxications, hyperaldosteronism, glaucoma, etc 1.8. Criteria for diuretics selection: speed of onset and time to maximum diuretic effect; the duration and intensity of the effect; the level of electrolytes and blood coagulation potential; glomerular filtration rate; methods and mechanisms of excretion. 1.9. Combined use of diuretics. Rational combination of different diuretics and diuretics with drugs of other pharmacological groups. 1.10. Absolute contraindications to the use of diuretics 2. Drugs that increase the glomerular filtration: xanthines, cardiac glycosides, dopamine; mechanism of action, clinical use. 3. Uricosuric drugs: indacrinone, ticrynafen (rarely use). 4. Antagonists of the antidiuretic hormone (aquaretics), acting on the collector renal tubules: demeclocycline, conivaptan, tolvaptan 5. -
WO 2013/043925 Al FIG. 14
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2013/043925 Al 28 March 2013 (28.03.2013) WIPOIPCT (51) International Patent Classification: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, A61K 31/4196 (2006.01) A61K 45/06 (2006.01) KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, A61K 31/495 (2006.01) A61P 3/10 (2006.01) ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, (21) International Application Number: RW, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, PCT/US2012/056419 TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, (22) International Filing Date: ZM, ZW. 20 September 2012 (20.09.2012) (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (25) Filing Language: English kind of regional protection available)·. ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, (26) Publication Language: English UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, (30) Priority Data: TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, 61/537,411 21 September 2011 (21.09.2011) US EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, ΓΓ, LT, LU, LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, (71) Applicant: GIUEAD SCIENCES, INC. [US/US]; 333 TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404 (US). -
Stembook 2018.Pdf
The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances FORMER DOCUMENT NUMBER: WHO/PHARM S/NOM 15 WHO/EMP/RHT/TSN/2018.1 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (WHO/EMP/RHT/TSN/2018.1). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. -
Sodium Channel Na Channels; Na+ Channels
Sodium Channel Na channels; Na+ channels Sodium channels are integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium ions (Na+) through a cell's plasma membrane. They are classified according to the trigger that opens the channel for such ions, i.e. either a voltage-change (Voltage-gated, voltage-sensitive, or voltage-dependent sodium channel also called VGSCs or Nav channel) or a binding of a substance (a ligand) to the channel (ligand-gated sodium channels). In excitable cells such as neurons, myocytes, and certain types of glia, sodium channels are responsible for the rising phase of action potentials. Voltage-gated Na+ channels can exist in any of three distinct states: deactivated (closed), activated (open), or inactivated (closed). Ligand-gated sodium channels are activated by binding of a ligand instead of a change in membrane potential. www.MedChemExpress.com 1 Sodium Channel Inhibitors, Agonists, Antagonists, Activators & Modulators (+)-Kavain (-)-Sparteine sulfate pentahydrate Cat. No.: HY-B1671 ((-)-Lupinidine sulfate pentahydrate) Cat. No.: HY-B1304 (+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper (-)-Sparteine sulfate pentahydrate ((-)-Lupinidine methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, sulfate pentahydrate) is a class 1a antiarrhythmic attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction agent and a sodium channel blocker. It is an through interactions with voltage-dependent Na+ alkaloid, can chelate the bivalents calcium and and Ca2+ channels. magnesium. Purity: 99.98% Purity: ≥98.0% Clinical Data: Launched Clinical Data: Launched Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 5 mg, 10 mg Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 50 mg (Rac)-AMG8379 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 ((Rac)-AMG8380) Cat. No.: HY-108425B (20(S)-Propanaxadiol; S-ginsenoside Rg3) Cat. -
List of Psychoactive Drug Spirits for MD A-Methylfentanyl, Abilify
List of Psychoactive Drug Spirits for MD A-Methylfentanyl, Abilify, abnormal basal ganglia function, abuse of medicines, Aceperone, Acepromazine, Aceprometazine, Acetildenafil, Aceto phenazine, Acetoxy Dipt, Acetyl morphone, Acetyl propionyl morphine, Acetyl psilocin, Activation syndrome, acute anxiety, acute hypertension, acute panic attacks, Adderall, Addictions to drugs, Addictions to medicines, Addictions to substances, Adrenorphin, Adverse effects of psychoactive drugs, adverse reactions to medicines, aggression, aggressive, aggressiveness, agitated depression, Agitation and restlessness, Aildenafil, Akuammine, alcohol abuse, alcohol addiction, alcohol withdrawl, alcohol-related brain damage, alcohol- related liver damage, alcohol mix with medicines for adverse reaction, Alcoholism, Alfetamine, Alimemazine, Alizapride, Alkyl nitrites, allergic breathing reactions to meds, choking to anaphallectic shock, & death; allergic skin reactions to meds, rash, itchyness, hives, welts, etc, Alletorphine, Almorexant, Alnespirone, Alpha Ethyltryptamine, Alpha Neoendorphin, alterations in brain hormones, alterations in mental status, altered consciousness, altered mind, Altoqualine, Alvimopan, Ambien, Amidephrine, Amidorphin, Amiflamine, Amisulpride, Amphetamines, Amyl nitrite, Anafranil, Analeptic, Anastrozole, Anazocine, Anilopam, Antabuse, anti anxiety meds, anti dopaminergic activity, anti seizure meds, Anti convulsants, Anti depressants, Anti emetics, Anti histamines, anti manic meds, anti parkinsonics, Anti psychotics, Anxiety disorders, -
Summary of Product Characteristics
Irish Medicines Board Summary of Product Characteristics 1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Phyllocontin Continus 225mg Prolonged -release Tablets 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each tablet contains Aminophylline Hydrate 225 mg For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Film -coated, prolonged -release tablet Product imported from the UK: Pale yellow tablets with the Napp logo marked on one side and SA on the other. 4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic Indications For the treatment and prophylaxis of bronchospasm and inflammation associated with asthma, emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Also indicated in adults for the treatment of cardiac asthma and left ventricular or congestive cardiac failure. 4.2 Posology and method of administration Route of Administration Oral. The tablets should be swallowed whole and not chewed or crushed. Chewing or crushing may lead to a rapid release of aminophylline with the potential for toxicity. Adults The usual daily dose is two PHYLLOCONTIN CONTINUS tablets 225 mg twice daily following an initial week of therapy on 1 tablet 12 -hourly. Children: The maintenance dose is 12 mg/kg 12 -hourly adjusted to the nearest 225 mg. It is recommended that half the maintenance dose be given for the first week of therapy if the patient has not previously been receiving xanthine preparations. Some children with chronic asthma require and tolerate much higher doses (13 -20 mg/kg twice daily). Lower doses (based on the usual adult dose) may be required by adolescents. Phyllocontin Continus tablets 225 mg are not suitable as a starting dose for children weighing under 40 kg. -
Summary of Product Characteristics Name Of
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Digoxin KERN PHARMA 0.25 mg tablets QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Digoxin KERN PHARMA 0.25 mg tablets Each tablet contains: Digoxin. 0.25 mg Lactose monohydrate 95.52 mg, maize starch, hydrolysed maize starch, rice starch and other excipients. For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Digoxin KERN PHARMA 0.25 mg tablets: Round, biconvex, white tablets scored on both sides. The purpose of the score line is to facilitate breaking of the tablet for ease of swallowing or, if necessary, for dividing into equal doses . CLINICAL PARTICULARS: Therapeutic indications Cardiac failure: Digoxin KERN PHARMA is indicated for the treatment of chronic cardiac failure where the principal cause is systolic dysfunction. The greatest therapeutic benefit is achieved in patients with ventricular dilatation. Digoxin KERN PHARMA is specifically indicated where cardiac failure is accompanied by atrial fibrillation. Supraventricular arrhythmias: Digoxin KERN PHARMA is indicated for the treatment of certain supraventricular arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation and flutter, where its principal beneficial effect is to reduce the ventricular rate. Posology and method of administration The dose of Digoxin KERN PHARMA for each patient must be tailored individually according to age, lean body weight, and renal function. The suggested doses are intended only as an initial guide. Adults and children over 10 years: Rapid oral administration: 0.75 to 1.5 mg as a single dose. In less urgent cases, or when there is a major risk of toxicity, for example in the elderly, the oral loading dose should be administered in divided doses at intervals of 6 hours, with approximately half of the total dose given as the first dose. -
Large-Scale Transcriptional Profiling of Molecular Perturbations Reveals
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.26.268458; this version posted August 27, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Large-Scale Transcriptional Profiling of Molecular Perturbations Reveals Cell Type 2 Specific Responses and Implications for Environmental Screening 3 4 Kun Zhang,a,b Yanbin Zhaoa,b,1 5 6 a School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 7 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; 8 b Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; 9 10 1Corresponding author: 11 Yanbin Zhao 12 Tel.: +86 188 1820 7732; E-mail: [email protected] 13 14 Abstract 15 Cell-based assays represent nearly half of all high-throughput screens currently conducted for 16 risk assessment of environmental chemicals. However, the sensitivity and heterogeneity 17 among cell lines has long been concerned but explored only in a limited manner. Here, we 18 address this question by conducting a large scale transcriptomic analysis of the responses of 19 discrete cell lines to specific small molecules. Our results illustrate heterogeneity of the 20 extent and timing of responses among cell lines. Interestingly, high sensitivity and/or 21 heterogeneity was found to be cell type-specific or universal depending on the different 22 mechanism of actions of the compounds. Our data provide a novel insight into the 23 understanding of cell-small molecule interactions and have substantial implications for the 24 design, execution and interpretation of high-throughput screening assays. -
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2004) -- Supplement 1 Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2004) -- Supplement 1 Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2004) -- Supplement 1 Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names (INN) which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known. Product CAS No. Product CAS No. ABACAVIR 136470-78-5 ACEXAMIC ACID 57-08-9 ABAFUNGIN 129639-79-8 ACICLOVIR 59277-89-3 ABAMECTIN 65195-55-3 ACIFRAN 72420-38-3 ABANOQUIL 90402-40-7 ACIPIMOX 51037-30-0 ABARELIX 183552-38-7 ACITAZANOLAST 114607-46-4 ABCIXIMAB 143653-53-6 ACITEMATE 101197-99-3 ABECARNIL 111841-85-1 ACITRETIN 55079-83-9 ABIRATERONE 154229-19-3 ACIVICIN 42228-92-2 ABITESARTAN 137882-98-5 ACLANTATE 39633-62-0 ABLUKAST 96566-25-5 ACLARUBICIN 57576-44-0 ABUNIDAZOLE 91017-58-2 ACLATONIUM NAPADISILATE 55077-30-0 ACADESINE 2627-69-2 ACODAZOLE 79152-85-5 ACAMPROSATE 77337-76-9 ACONIAZIDE 13410-86-1 ACAPRAZINE 55485-20-6 ACOXATRINE 748-44-7 ACARBOSE 56180-94-0 ACREOZAST 123548-56-1 ACEBROCHOL 514-50-1 ACRIDOREX 47487-22-9 ACEBURIC ACID 26976-72-7