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The Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of the Philippines
©Entomologischer Verein Apollo e.V. Frankfurt am Main; download unter www.zobodat.at Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, Suppl. 17: 17-132 (1998) 17 The Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of the Philippines Willem H o g e n e s and Colin G. T r e a d a w a y Willem Hogenes, Zoologisch Museum Amsterdam, Afd. Entomologie, Plantage Middenlaan 64, NL-1018 DH Amsterdam, The Netherlands Colin G. T readaway, Entomologie II, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Abstract: This publication covers all Sphingidae known from the Philippines at this time in the form of an annotated checklist. (A concise checklist of the species can be found in Table 4, page 120.) Distribution maps are included as well as 18 colour plates covering all but one species. Where no specimens of a particular spe cies from the Philippines were available to us, illustrations are given of specimens from outside the Philippines. In total we have listed 117 species (with 5 additional subspecies where more than one subspecies of a species exists in the Philippines). Four tables are provided: 1) a breakdown of the number of species and endemic species/subspecies for each subfamily, tribe and genus of Philippine Sphingidae; 2) an evaluation of the number of species as well as endemic species/subspecies per island for the nine largest islands of the Philippines plus one small island group for comparison; 3) an evaluation of the Sphingidae endemicity for each of Vane-Wright’s (1990) faunal regions. From these tables it can be readily deduced that the highest species counts can be encountered on the islands of Palawan (73 species), Luzon (72), Mindanao, Leyte and Negros (62 each). -
Multi-Gene Analyses of the Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda Donald J
Zoological Studies 47(3): 338-351 (2008) Multi-Gene Analyses of the Phylogenetic Relationships among the Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda Donald J. Colgan1,*, Patricia A. Hutchings2, and Emma Beacham1 1Evolutionary Biology Unit, The Australian Museum, 6 College St. Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia 2Marine Invertebrates, The Australian Museum, 6 College St., Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia (Accepted October 29, 2007) Donald J. Colgan, Patricia A. Hutchings, and Emma Beacham (2008) Multi-gene analyses of the phylogenetic relationships among the Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda. Zoological Studies 47(3): 338-351. The current understanding of metazoan relationships is largely based on analyses of 18S ribosomal RNA ('18S rRNA'). In this paper, DNA sequence data from 2 segments of 28S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, histone H3, and U2 small nuclear (sn)RNA were compiled and used to test phylogenetic relationships among the Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda. The 18S rRNA data were included in the compilations for comparison. The analyses were especially directed at testing the implication of the Eutrochozoan hypothesis that the Annelida and Mollusca are more closely related than are the Annelida and Arthropoda and at determining whether, in contrast to analyses using only 18S rRNA, the addition of data from other genes would reveal these phyla to be monophyletic. New data and available sequences were compiled for up to 49 molluscs, 33 annelids, 22 arthropods, and 27 taxa from 15 other metazoan phyla. The Porifera, Ctenophora, and Cnidaria were used as the outgroup. The Annelida, Mollusca, Entoprocta, Phoronida, Nemertea, Brachiopoda, and Sipuncula (i.e., all studied Lophotrochozoa except for the Bryozoa) formed a monophyletic clade with maximum likelihood bootstrap support of 81% and a Bayesian posterior probability of 0.66 when all data were analyzed. -
Phylogeny and Biogeography of Hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): Evidence from Five Nuclear Genes
Phylogeny and Biogeography of Hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): Evidence from Five Nuclear Genes Akito Y. Kawahara1*, Andre A. Mignault1, Jerome C. Regier2, Ian J. Kitching3, Charles Mitter1 1 Department of Entomology, College Park, Maryland, United States of America, 2 Center for Biosystems Research, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, College Park, Maryland, United States of America, 3 Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom Abstract Background: The 1400 species of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) comprise one of most conspicuous and well- studied groups of insects, and provide model systems for diverse biological disciplines. However, a robust phylogenetic framework for the family is currently lacking. Morphology is unable to confidently determine relationships among most groups. As a major step toward understanding relationships of this model group, we have undertaken the first large-scale molecular phylogenetic analysis of hawkmoths representing all subfamilies, tribes and subtribes. Methodology/Principal Findings: The data set consisted of 131 sphingid species and 6793 bp of sequence from five protein-coding nuclear genes. Maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses provided strong support for more than two- thirds of all nodes, including strong signal for or against nearly all of the fifteen current subfamily, tribal and sub-tribal groupings. Monophyly was strongly supported for some of these, including Macroglossinae, Sphinginae, Acherontiini, Ambulycini, Philampelini, Choerocampina, and Hemarina. Other groupings proved para- or polyphyletic, and will need significant redefinition; these include Smerinthinae, Smerinthini, Sphingini, Sphingulini, Dilophonotini, Dilophonotina, Macroglossini, and Macroglossina. The basal divergence, strongly supported, is between Macroglossinae and Smerinthinae+Sphinginae. All genes contribute significantly to the signal from the combined data set, and there is little conflict between genes. -
Australian Sphingidae – DNA Barcodes Challenge Current Species Boundaries and Distributions
Australian Sphingidae – DNA Barcodes Challenge Current Species Boundaries and Distributions Rodolphe Rougerie1*¤, Ian J. Kitching2, Jean Haxaire3, Scott E. Miller4, Axel Hausmann5, Paul D. N. Hebert1 1 University of Guelph, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 2 Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, London, United Kingdom, 3 Honorary Attache´, Muse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Le Roc, Laplume, France, 4 National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of America, 5 Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Section Lepidoptera, Munich, Germany Abstract Main Objective: We examine the extent of taxonomic and biogeographical uncertainty in a well-studied group of Australian Lepidoptera, the hawkmoths (Sphingidae). Methods: We analysed the diversity of Australian sphingids through the comparative analysis of their DNA barcodes, supplemented by morphological re-examinations and sequence information from a nuclear marker in selected cases. The results from the analysis of Australian sphingids were placed in a broader context by including conspecifics and closely related taxa from outside Australia to test taxonomic boundaries. Results: Our results led to the discovery of six new species in Australia, one case of erroneously synonymized species, and three cases of synonymy. As a result, we establish the occurrence of 75 species of hawkmoths on the continent. The analysis of records from outside Australia also challenges the validity of current taxonomic boundaries in as many as 18 species, including Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus, 1758), a common species that has gained adoption as a model system. Our work has revealed a higher level of endemism than previously recognized. Most (90%) Australian sphingids are endemic to the continent (45%) or to Australia, the Pacific Islands and the Papuan and Wallacean regions (45%). -
Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)
©Entomologischer Verein Apollo e.V. Frankfurt am Main; download unter www.zobodat.at Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 36 (1): 55–61 (2015) 55 A checklist of the hawkmoths of Woodlark Island, Papua New Guinea (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) W. John Tennent, George Clapp and Eleanor Clapp W. John Tennent, Scientific Associate, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, England; [email protected] George Clapp, 17 Tamborine Street, Hemmant, Queensland 4174, Australia Eleanor Clapp, 18 Adriana Drive, Buderim, Queensland 4556, Australia Abstract: A tabulated and annotated checklist of hawk exploration began again in 1973, and Woodlark Mining moths (Sphingidae) observed and collected by the first Limited (purchased by Kula Gold in 2007) was form ally au thor during three visits to Woodlark Island (Papua New granted a mining lease by the PNG govern ment in July Gui nea, Milne Bay Province) in 2010–2011 is presented. Nu me rous moths were attracted to mercury vapour bulbs 2014. used to illuminate a helicopter landing site and security A combination of an oceanic origin (Woodlark has lights around the administrative building at Bomagai Camp ne ver been connected by land to New Guinea), remo (Woodlark Mining Limited), near Kulumudau on the west te ness from the main island of New Guinea, and rather of the island. re stricted habitats, has resulted in an ecologically dis Keywords: Lepidoptera, Sphingidae, Papua New Guinea, Milne Bay Province, Woodlark Island, range extension, tinct fauna. For example, there are no birds of paradise, distribution, new island records. bower birds, or wallabies on Woodlark, and only one species each of honey eater, sunbird and cuscus — all taxa Verzeichnis der Schwärmer von Woodlark Island, that are diverse and in some cases moderately numerous Papua-Neuguinea (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) elsewhere in Papua New Guinea. -
2008/2009 Annual Report Australian
The Hon. Nathan Rees, MP Premier and Minister for the Arts Sir, In accordance with the provisions of the Annual Reports (Statutory Bodies) Act 1984 and the Public Finance and Audit Act 1983 we have pleasure in submitting this report of the activities of the Australian Museum Trust for the financial year ended 30 June 2009 for presentation to Parliament. On behalf of the Australian Museum Trust, Brian Sherman, AM President of the Trust Frank Howarth Secretary of the Trust Australian Museum Annual Report 2008–2009 iii MINISTER AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM The Hon. Nathan Rees, MP 6 College Street Sydney NSW 2010 Premier and Minister for the Arts Open daily 9.30 am – 5.00 pm (except 25 December) GOVERNANCE t 02 9320 6000 f 02 9320 6050 The Museum is governed by a Trust [email protected] established under the Australian Museum www.australianmuseum.net.au Trust Act 1975. The Trust currently has eleven members, one of whom must have ADMISSION CHARGES knowledge of, or experience in, science, one of whom must have knowledge of, or General Museum entry experience in, education and one of whom Adult $12 must have knowledge of, or experience Child (5 –15 years) $6 in, Australian Indigenous culture. Trustees are appointed by the Governor on the Concession $8 recommendation of the Minister for a Family (one adult, two children) $18 term of up to three years. Trustees may Family (two adults, two children) $30 hold no more than three terms. Vacancies Each additional child $3 may be filled by the Governor on the recommendation of the Minister. -
Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Islands Off the Kimberley Coast, Western Australia Frank Köhler1, Vince Kessner2 and Corey Whisson3
RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM 27 021–039 (2012) New records of non-marine, non-camaenid gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from islands off the Kimberley coast, Western Australia Frank Köhler1, Vince Kessner2 and Corey Whisson3 1 Department of Environment and Conservation of Western Australia, Science Division, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, Western Australia 6946; and Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia. Email: [email protected] 2 162 Haynes Road, Adelaide River, Northern Terrritory 0846, Australia. Email: [email protected] 3 Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, Western Australia 6106, Australia. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT – The coast of the Western Australian Kimberley boasts an archipelago that comprises several hundred large islands and thousands much smaller. While the non–marine gastropod fauna of the Kimberley mainland has been surveyed to some extent, the fauna of these islands had never been comprehensively surveyed and only anecdotal and unsystematic data on species occurrences have been available. During the Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation’s Kimberley Island Survey, 2008–2010, 22 of the largest islands were surveyed. Altogether, 17 species of terrestrial non–camaenid snails were found on these islands. This corresponds to about 75% of all terrestrial, non–camaenid gastropods known from the entire Kimberley region. In addition, four species of pulmonate freshwater snails were found to occur on one or more of four of these islands. Individual islands harbour up to 15, with an average of eight, species each. Species diversity was found to be higher in the wetter parts of the region. -
Caenogastropoda
13 Caenogastropoda Winston F. Ponder, Donald J. Colgan, John M. Healy, Alexander Nützel, Luiz R. L. Simone, and Ellen E. Strong Caenogastropods comprise about 60% of living Many caenogastropods are well-known gastropod species and include a large number marine snails and include the Littorinidae (peri- of ecologically and commercially important winkles), Cypraeidae (cowries), Cerithiidae (creep- marine families. They have undergone an ers), Calyptraeidae (slipper limpets), Tonnidae extraordinary adaptive radiation, resulting in (tuns), Cassidae (helmet shells), Ranellidae (tri- considerable morphological, ecological, physi- tons), Strombidae (strombs), Naticidae (moon ological, and behavioral diversity. There is a snails), Muricidae (rock shells, oyster drills, etc.), wide array of often convergent shell morpholo- Volutidae (balers, etc.), Mitridae (miters), Buccin- gies (Figure 13.1), with the typically coiled shell idae (whelks), Terebridae (augers), and Conidae being tall-spired to globose or fl attened, with (cones). There are also well-known freshwater some uncoiled or limpet-like and others with families such as the Viviparidae, Thiaridae, and the shells reduced or, rarely, lost. There are Hydrobiidae and a few terrestrial groups, nota- also considerable modifi cations to the head- bly the Cyclophoroidea. foot and mantle through the group (Figure 13.2) Although there are no reliable estimates and major dietary specializations. It is our aim of named species, living caenogastropods are in this chapter to review the phylogeny of this one of the most diverse metazoan clades. Most group, with emphasis on the areas of expertise families are marine, and many (e.g., Strombidae, of the authors. Cypraeidae, Ovulidae, Cerithiopsidae, Triphori- The fi rst records of undisputed caenogastro- dae, Olividae, Mitridae, Costellariidae, Tereb- pods are from the middle and upper Paleozoic, ridae, Turridae, Conidae) have large numbers and there were signifi cant radiations during the of tropical taxa. -
Guide Floristique Mont Marau
Origine du guide Ce petit guide vert porte sur la flore et la faune du massif du Märau situé dans la commune de Faa’a, sur l’île de Tahiti. Il fait suite au premier Petit guide du Märau rédigé par Guy Mondon du Service de l’Éco- nomie Rurale (SER, aujourd’hui SDR) à la fin des années 1970. Le présent guide vert est téléchargea- ble gratuitement au format pdf sur le site internet de la Direction de l’environnement : www.environ- nement.pf Les informations présentées proviennent à la fois de l’analyse de la bibliographie botanique et faunistique existante mais également de prospections de terrain initiées par la Direction de l’environnement de 2007 à 2009. Présentation des fiches Ce guide présente 202 taxons végétaux et 92 taxons animaux se développant sur le massif du Märau – Pic Vert et plus spécifiquement en forêt de nuages (au- dessus de 850 m d’altitude). Ces plantes constituent la plus grande partie de la flore indigène rencontrée en forêt de nuages. Parmi ces 202 végétaux, 157 sont des plantes indigènes ou endémiques, 18 des introductions polynésiennes et 27 des introductions modernes. Relativement aux es- pèces introduites, priorité a été donnée aux plantes envahissantes que tout un chacun se doit de connaî- tre et aux plantes utiles ou remarquables trouvées sur le bord de route, notamment les arbres des planta- tions forestières. La quasi totalité de la faune vertébrée sauvage connue du site est présentée. Elle comprend 18 oiseaux, 4 mammifères introduits et 4 reptiles. La faune inver- tébrée n’est par contre illustrée dans ce guide que par des taxons cibles parmi lesquels sont présentées dans la mesure du possible plusieurs espèces indigènes ou endémiques ainsi que les envahissantes principales : 15 escargots et 2 limaces, 8 odonates, 5 papillons de jour, 17 papillons de nuit, 4 coléoptères, 4 hy- ménoptères, 3 décapodes et 7 espèces d’autres groupes taxonomiques remarquables. -
Two New Species of <I>Gnathothlibus
© The Author, 2009. Journal compilation © Australian Museum, Sydney, 2009 Records of the Australian Museum (2009) Vol. 61: 73–87. ISSN 0067-1975 doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.61.2009.1523 Two New Species of Gnathothlibus Wallengren from Fiji and Samoa and a New Species of Theretra Hübner from New Guinea (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) ROBE R T B. LACH L AN Research Associate, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia [email protected] ABST R ACT . Two new species of hawk moths from Fiji and Samoa, respectively Gnathothlibus fijiensis n.sp., and G. samoaensis n.sp., are described and figured, and distinguished from G. vanuatuensis Lachlan & Moulds, G. saccoi Lachlan & Moulds and G. eras (Boisduval). A new species of Theretra, T. tabubilensis n.sp. from Papua New Guinea is described and figured. The new species is distinguished from the sympatric T. indistincta papuensis Joicey & Talbot and Theretra clotho celata (Butler), and the lectotype of T. i. papuensis is designated. LACH L AN , ROBE R T B., 2009. Two new species of Gnathothlibus Wallengren from Fiji and Samoa and a new species of Theretra Hübner from Papua New Guinea (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Records of the Australian Museum 61(1): 73–87. Three species of Gnathothlibus Wallengren, 1858 have taxa are consistently distinct, no evidence of morphological been described from the southwestern Pacific region. intergradation was found despite several years of sampling Gnathothlibus eras (Boisduval, 1832) is reported, as a and examination of large numbers of specimens. Evidently, subspecies of G. erotus (Cramer, 1777), to occur from the sympatry has not resulted in hybridization. -
Symposia and Workshops in Malacology
Revision: February 2021 Annotated Catalog of Malacological Meetings, Including Symposia and Workshops in Malacology Eugene V. Coan Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, California 93105, U.S.A.; [email protected] & Alan R. Kabat Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University; [email protected] ABSTRACT As a much needed bibliographic tool, an annotated catalog is given of the symposia and workshops that have been held at malacological and generalist meetings over the past eight decades, together with their resulting publications. Particularly detailed emphasis is given to the meetings of Unitas Malacologica, the American Malacological Union/Society, and the Western Society of Malacologists. INTRODUCTION This paper catalogues the symposia and workshops that have taken place at malacological meetings over the last eight decades, as well as those that have occurred at other venues. The publications that resulted from these meetings and symposia are listed, chiefly because this information can be difficult for researchers to obtain. This catalog is not complete, and it emphasizes natural history and systematics. We have not endeavored to document every malacological meeting, particularly those before 1930, and those of European and Asian national societies that do not seem to have had symposia or have resulted in publications. Moreover, we have not thoroughly covered meetings on shellfisheries, mariculture, agricultural or other pests, and mollusk-borne diseases, nor those of shell-collectors’ groups. These organizations may want to provide their own listings for the historical record. In 1996, when this paper was originally published (Coan & Kabat, 1996), we did not include symposia, meetings, and workshops relating to the Cephalopoda, other than those occurring at Unitas Malacologica, the American Malacological Society, or other meetings already covered in detail as we did not have sufficient information about them. -
Unesco – Eolss Sample Chapters
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE FUNDAMENTALS AND SYSTEMATICS – Vol. III – Mollusca - Winston F. Ponder MOLLUSCA Winston F. Ponder Centre for Evolutionary Research, Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. Keywords: Gastropoda, bivalvia, cephalopoda, snail, bivalvia, bivalve, clam, squid, octopus, slug, limpet, whelk, marine, terrestrial, freshwater, conservation, morphology, phylogeny, palaeontology, development, behaviour, pearls, scallops, oysters, intermediate host, pest, monoplacophora, aplacophora, polyplacophora, scaphopoda. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Relationships and Higher Classification 3. General Morphology of the Mollusca 4. Gastropoda 4.1.Major Groups, Diversity and Adaptive Radiation 5. Bivalvia (=Pelecypoda) 5.1.Major Groups, Diversity and Adaptive Radiation 6. Cephalopoda 6.1.Major Groups, Diversity and Adaptive Radiation 7. Other Classes - Living and Extinct 7.1.Polyplacophora 7.2."Aplacophora" (Caudofoveata and Solenogastres) 7.3.Monoplacophora (Helcionelloidea and Tergomya) 7.4.Scaphopoda 7.5.Extinct Groups that have been Suggested as Additional Classes 8. Current Knowledge 9. Geographic Diversity 10. Ecological Diversity 11. Conservation 11.1.Marine 11.2.Freshwater 11.3.Terrestrial 12. EconomicUNESCO Importance – EOLSS 12.1.Bivalvia 12.2.Cephalopoda 12.3.Gastropoda Glossary SAMPLE CHAPTERS Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary The Mollusca are the second largest phylum next to Arthropoda, with about 200,000 living species. They exhibit a great range of body form and physiological, behavioral and ecological adaptations. Their soft body is typically partially or entirely covered with a protective shell, although this is secondarily lost in some groups (e.g., slugs, ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE FUNDAMENTALS AND SYSTEMATICS – Vol. III – Mollusca - Winston F. Ponder octopuses). Mollusks have an excellent fossil record extending back some 560 million years to the early Cambrian.