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Health and Well-Being Health ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 JAN • 16 ISSUE Interview Masagos Zulkifli Hiroo Ichikawa Opinion Lit Liak Teng Jack Sim Essay Elly Chiu & Denise Tan Lucy Saunders Yin Lim Teck City Focus Kazan Case Study Toyama Singapore Vancouver

HEALTH AND WELL-BEING ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 CLC01SG IMMERSE

CLCsg Contact CONNECT our digital channels. Discover what CLC does on does CLC what Discover more liveable and sustainable. liveable more practitioners the knowledge and the knowledge practitioners Through these efforts, we aim towe aim these efforts, Through support they need to make cities make need to support they on liveable and sustainable cities. and sustainable on liveable inspire and give urban leaders and and give inspire Research, Capability Development, Capability Development, Research, [email protected] Knowledge Platforms and Advisory. and Advisory. Platforms Knowledge The Centre for Liveable Cities seeks Liveable for Centre The to distil, create and share knowledge knowledge and share create distil, to Our work spans four main areas, namely main areas, four spans Our work www clc.gov.sg EXPLORE is a bi-annual magazine published by the Centre for Liveable Cities. It aims to equip and inspire city leaders and allied professionals to make cities more liveable and sustainable. Set up in 2008 by the Ministry of National Development and the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources, the Centre for Liveable Cities (CLC) has as its mission “to distil, create and share knowledge on liveable and sustainable cities”. CLC’s work spans four main areas— Research, Capability Development, Knowledge Platforms, and Advisory. Through these activities, CLC hopes to provide urban leaders and practitioners with the knowledge and support needed to make our cities better. www.clc.gov.sg download CLC is a division of www.clc.gov.sg/research-publications/publications/urban-solutions. ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 JAN • 16 ISSUE

Advisory Panel free Image Credits Dr Liu Thai Ker (Chairman) • 4: Centre for Liveable Cities • 53: © CEphoto, Uwe Aranas - https:// • 6(1): Public Utilities Board commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Singapore_ Chairman copies online Singapore-Sports-Hub-with-National- • 6(2): Aulia Erlangga/CIFOR - https://flic. Centre for Liveable Cities Stadium-01.jpg kr/p/VshQnc, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 • 58-59: Парки Татарстана, Даниил Шведов - Benny Lim • 8(1): Challenge Magazine, Public Service https://flic.kr/p/28gUYdc, CC BY 2.0 Special Advisor Division • 61(1): Aflo Co. Ltd. / Alamy Stock Photo Centre for Liveable Cities • 8(2): National Environment Agency • 61(2): Парки Татарстана, Даниил Шведов - • 9: Ministry of the Environment and https://flic.kr/p/2dFsxoN, CC BY 2.0 Tan Gee Paw Water Resources • 62: Парки Татарстана, Даниил Шведов - Special Advisor • 10: Yane Kang PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency https://flic.kr/p/26JzAyw, CC BY 2.0 • 11: Tampines Town Council • 63: Парки Татарстана - Prof Marilyn Jordan Taylor • 12, 14: The Mori Memorial Foundation https://flic.kr/p/VaBedg, CC BY 2.0 Professor of Architecture and Urban Design • 16: Falco Ermert - https://flic.kr/p/ • 64: Swetozar1 - https://commons.wikimedia. University of Pennsylvania yMjLEU, CC BY 2.0 org/wiki/File:Коломенское._Казанский_сад. • 17: Modes Rodríguez - https://flic. jpg, CC BY-SA 4.0 Prof Rahul Mehrotra kr/p/2h5RtiV, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 • 65: Konstantin Shishkin / Alamy Stock Photo Founder Principal of RMA Architects • 18: Borderlands / Alamy Stock Photo • 67: Matya1234 / PIXTA • 19: Ray in Manila - https://flic. • 68: Kyodo News Images. Inc kr/p/26Eyvv1, CC BY 2.0 Editorial Team • 71: Big Mike Photos • 20(1): National Geographic Image Joanna Tan • 73: Choo Yut Shing - Collection / Alamy Stock Photo Tan Pei En https://flic.kr/p/ArtQrc, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 • 20(2): Aflo Co. Ltd / Alamy Stock Photo • 74-77: National Parks Board Zou Jiayun • 35: Centre for Liveable Cities • 79: Visible Hand - • 36: Iakov Fikimonov / Alamy Stock Photo https://flic.kr/p/4Z8iUf, CC BY 2.0 • 37: Wirbel1980 - https://commons. • 80-81: Bayne Stanley / Alamy Stock Photo Editorial Consultant wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bishan-Ang_Mo_ • 82: City of Vancouver - https://vancouver.ca/ Tuber Productions Pte Ltd Kio_Park.jpg, CC BY-SA 3.0 streets-transportation/cycling-routes-maps-and- • 39: LADOT People St - https://flic.kr/p/ trip-planner.aspx gvbZHg, CC BY-ND 2.0 Design Consultant • 83: Michael Wheatley / Alamy Stock Photo • 40: Image courtesy of Thrive LDN and • 84: Jay Dee Texas - https://www.flickr.com/ Redbean De Pte Ltd Owls photos/125146744@N02/ • 41(1): © Project CityZen - https://www. • 85: Paul Krueger - cityzen.network/ https://flic.kr/p/9W1Xok, CC BY 2.0 • 41(2): Ministry of Health, Singapore welcomes feedback from readers. • 87: Mediacorp Pte Ltd • 43: Hympi / Alamy Stock Photo • 89(1): Housing and Development Board • 44: meanderingemu / Alamy Stock Photo • 89(2): Source: The Straits Times © Singapore • 45: Lucy Saunders Press Holdings Limited. Permission required for Contact • 46: Alan Curtis / Alamy Stock Photo reproduction. • 90: Patrick Bingham-Hall Joanna Tan • 47: Don Byatt - https://flic.kr/p/2gQJfes • 48: Balaji Dhanapal / Alamy Stock Photo T +65 6645 9560 E [email protected] • 49: Martin Philpott / Alamy Stock Photo 45 Maxwell Road #07-01, The URA Centre • 51-52, 54-56: Sport Singapore Singapore 069118

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Cover: Elderly people work out with wooden dumbbells at the Togenuki Jizo Kouganji Temple in Tokyo, Japan to celebrate Japan’s Respect for the Aged Day. Image courtesy of Aflo Co. Printed on Enviro Wove, a paper made from Ltd. / Alamy Stock Photo. 100% pre-consumer recycled pulp. 3 from the executive director STOCKHOLM

VANCOUVER KAZAN LONDON

BARCELONA TOKYO FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR LOS ANGELES TOYAMA All Roads Lead to Health

SINGAPORE

here is a growing awareness among by promoting sports and healthy city dwellers about the impact of living through good urban planning, SAO PAULO T ADELAIDE AUCKLAND urban life on their health and well-being, community engagement and urban from air pollution and mental stress to design. Toyama reinvented itself as a lower immunity to diseases. compact city for healthy seniors, while Vancouver leads the way in promoting But can urban life be good for health? active living and cycling. Singapore is How do we create cities that promote looking to enhance the growth and Contents good health and well-being for citizens? health of young children through play in nature, as well as in ensuring easy In talking to experts and exploring access to sports and recreation facilities examples from cities across the world, this for communities. is what we have learned: Most of all, a healthy city is prepared for Interventions, both small and large, can future disruptions. have an impact. INTERVIEW OPINION ILLUSTRATION In addition to creating conditions that We take it for granted but basic public promote good health and well-being, 4 Masagos Zulkifli 12 Hiroo Ichikawa 22 Liak Teng Lit 30 Benefits of sanitation is critical for the health and cities also have to deal with issues such as Building a Into a Tech- Prevention is Better Staying Active well-being of city residents, says Jack Sim, ageing populations and climate change. Healthy City Enabled Future Than Cure The Power of founder of the World Toilet Organization. Cities would need to learn to be smart—to Physical Activity On the other hand, beyond providing incorporate new technology and leverage 26 Jack Sim basic health facilities, public health data to enhance their ability to adapt to The ABCs of advocate Liak Teng Lit believes in creating these coming disruptions. Minister for Public Sanitation health-promoting environments that the Environment and Water Resources prevent people from falling ill in the Masagos Zulkifli shares Singapore’s first place. How can this be achieved? approach to fostering a liveable Researchers Elly Chiu and Denise Tan environment in light of coming climate- explore how cities can redesign their related challenges, whereas Dr Hiroo urban environments to promote healthy Ichikawa, Professor Emeritus of Meiji behaviours through place-based and University, discusses possible technological human-centred approaches, from creating solutions to address Tokyo’s ageing ESSAY CITY FOCUS CASE STUDY superilles neighbourhoods in Barcelona to population and shrinking workforce. ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 nudging elevator users towards staircases 34 Elly Chiu & 42 Lucy Saunders 58 Kazan 66 Toyama | Compact City in Los Angeles. Public transport expert We hope this issue inspires city leaders Denise Tan Move in the A New State of Play A Return to Vitality Lucy Saunders outlines how cities can and citizens to work together to create Secrets to Healthier, Right Direction develop Healthy Streets that are inviting, healthy and liveable cities. I wish you all 72 Singapore | HortPark Happier Citizens pedestrian-friendly and accessible via an enjoyable read. 50 Lim Teck Yin At Play in Nature public transport. Living Better 78 Vancouver | Cycling Through Sport A city that plays well stays healthy. Infrastructure Cycling as a Way of Life We were inspired by examples of how 86 Singapore | Kampung sports could lead to better health for citizens. Kazan clinched a Lee Kuan Admiralty Yew World City Prize Special Mention Khoo Teng Chye Ageing Well Together in 2018 when it overcame a history Executive Director of violence and poor public health Centre for Liveable Cities 5 interview

INTERVIEW

Masagos Zulkifli Building a Healthy City

n the face of climate change and other challenges to Singapore’s living I environment, Minister for the Environment and Water Resources Masagos Zulkifli shares with Joanna Tan about Singapore’s approach to fostering a liveable environment that promotes health and well-being for citizens.

What makes a healthy city? What factors have helped make Singapore a clean and healthy city? I think there are three elements to a healthy city. The first is the environment. In Singapore, each generation of Municipal services must ensure that a city leaders has built on the efforts of their is not only clean with high standards of predecessors. Take clean water for example. hygiene, but also pleasant and liveable. We have always ensured that our sewage The second is social behaviour. If there is properly treated before it is discharged is a good living environment but citizens into the sea, which keeps the beaches and have an unhealthy diet or lifestyle, this waters around us clean. This has enabled does not make for a healthy city. us to do two things. First, we have clean seawater for our desalination plants. ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 And the third is how the city safeguards Second, as the wastewater has already been the environment and the welfare of treated, the cost of reclaiming that water its people when things go wrong. For for other purposes is lower. In fact, the cost instance, if there is chemical spillage of turning sewage water into NEWater is into drains, this needs to be cleaned up only a third of the cost of desalination. quickly to ensure that public safety is not compromised. Health services should And this is possible because of the also be readily available for people who cumulative benefits in building on what need them. These three aspects are the the last generation has done. This is what Masagos Zulkifli, foundation of a clean, sustainable and we need going forward—to make the right Minister for the healthy city. decisions, even if it means overcoming Environment and difficult challenges, so that the next Water Resources generation can build on our work. 7 interview

We need to make the right How does the private sector contribute to decisions, even if it means efforts against climate change? What about overcoming difficult challenges, citizens at large? so that the next generation can Awareness of the importance of build on our work. environmental sustainability and the adverse impact of climate change is now high, particularly among producers in the private The challenges of maintaining comfortable sector. They recognise that if they do not living and working conditions in Singapore produce sustainably, there will ultimately be will also be altered. For instance, the use of pushback from consumers. Governments and more air-conditioning to counteract rising regional groups have also taken proactive temperatures will result in a higher carbon stances—for instance, the European Union footprint. We need new paradigms to solve has planned to phase out the use of palm oil these evolving environmental problems. And from 2030. we need to think about how our city can be designed and built to minimise the use of In 2015, global green energy substitution energy. Part of that entails a change in the reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 1.5 way we live. gigatonnes; however, forest fires in Indonesia released nearly 1 gigatonne of carbon dioxide. For example, the atrium of Our Tampines The resulting haze from the forest fires Hub was built without air-conditioning and not only posed serious health hazards and designed to maintain a comfortable ambient incurred economic costs, it also represents a 01 temperature. This was achieved by facilitating major setback in our efforts to fight climate air circulation through its design, and the installation of large fans. Such adaptive change. This illustrates the magnitude of What impact will climate change have on approaches are important as we address the the impact of our actions. Producers need the living environment in Singapore? different impacts of climate change. to take proactive steps towards becoming environmentally sustainable. Climate change will have an impact on three Internationally, we are trying to convince main areas. First, rising temperatures, which the sceptics to be part of this endeavour. There is growing demand from the public will be exacerbated by the urban heat island There are some countries that do not for environmentally friendly products. And effect. Second, increased occurrences of believe in climate change and worry about there are some initiatives by producers extreme weather events. We must ensure the impact on their economic growth, while to address the concerns of consumers. that more intense rainfall does not result in For example, the Singapore Alliance for flash floods in a built environment, and that others are at the other end of the spectrum.

Sustainable Palm Oil (SASPO) labels its ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 there is infrastructure for water retention I think Singapore, as a small country with products to ensure that consumers know and management. Third, rising sea levels, a track record of attaining growth without which means we have to fortify our coasts compromising our environment, has been they are sustainably produced. It is also and ensure that flooding from storm surges able to play a constructive role. We have important to educate the public on sustainable and high tides, together with a higher sea brought countries with diverse positions consumption—for example, reducing level, does not cause inundation in parts together, and offered the middle ground that excessive usage of plastic bags. It will take 02 of Singapore. it is possible to strive for economic progress a whole-of-society effort to protect our while remaining environmentally sustainable. environment, and every effort counts.

01 Marina Barrage is a source of water supply, part of a comprehensive flood control scheme, and a destination for lifestyle activities. 02 Forest fires had caused severe air pollution and health threats in Indonesia in 2015. 9 interview

01 02 03

As climate change affects our living The haze from the forest fires thus far, with more than 90% suppression of countries. Singapore is particularly environment, it also improves the conditions not only posed serious health the mosquito population at the study sites. vulnerable in such scenarios, as we import for the spread of diseases like dengue. What We are currently working on finding the more than 90% of our food. solutions has Singapore come up with? hazards and incurred economic most effective modality for optimal release of costs, it also represents a the male mosquitoes. While such innovative We are working towards fulfilling 30% We have been engaging the public on the major setback in our efforts to approaches will enhance our efforts to fight of our nutritional needs through local importance of practising the five-step mozzie dengue, increased vigilance among citizens in agriculture by 2030. I have visited wipeout in their homes. This is critical because fight climate change. preventing breeding spots remains the most Amsterdam, where there is a lot of research the majority of mosquito-breeding sites have important line of defence. and development in growing food, in an ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 been found in households. We must ensure environment of ample water but scarce that everyone does their part to ensure in the laboratory and releasing them into Cities need access to food that provides energy. I have also visited farms in the that they are not inadvertently breeding the environment, so that when female Aedes sustenance and good health. What are the Middle East where there is a lack of water mosquitoes. In addition, we are looking at aegypti mosquitoes mate with them, their eggs challenges facing Singapore when it comes but a surplus of energy. In our case, we breeding Wolbachia-carrying male mosquitoes do not hatch. The results have been promising to food security? have neither water nor energy, and we have limited land. Therefore, we have to think Rising temperatures and the lack of water about the kind of food that we want to due to climate change are anticipated to have grow, how we want to grow it, and how we a negative impact on the global food supply. can leverage technology and innovation to This may result in the imposition of export enable us to produce the minimum critical quotas or restrictions by food-producing supply locally. 01 A National Environment Agency officer releasing Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes in a public housing estate. 02 Mee Toh Primary School students trying their hand at composting food waste.

03 Students showing Minister Masagos the mushrooms that are cultivated at the National Junior College Agri-Tech Research Facility. 11 interview

Singapore’s model demonstrates that we can make economic progress while maintaining the integrity of the environment.

02

01 One common argument against responsible production, developing urban environmental sustainability is that there solutions and leveraging science and is a trade-off with progress. Has this technology to solve the environmental been the case for Singapore? problems that humanity is facing.

Singapore’s model demonstrates The next generation will face more acute that we can make economic progress challenges and trade-offs that stem from while maintaining the integrity of the climate change. But we must leave them a environment. We have been able to show nation that gives them faith and hope. the world how a densely populated urban environment can be a sustainable one. In addition to the deeply embedded ethos of pursuing progress in tandem with When petrochemical firms expand environmental sustainability and social their operations or new firms invest in inclusion, earlier generations of leaders Singapore, the government works closely have left spaces and greenfield sites with them to ensure a high standard of that the next generation can reimagine efficiency, and to implement sustainable to meet their future needs. One of the ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 practices. This includes respecting and defining characteristics of Singapore not polluting the environment, and is that we are a city-state that has not treating and managing by-products and deteriorated with age. Instead, we have waste. When foreign dignitaries visit adapted to changing circumstances and Jurong Island, they are surprised by the renewed ourselves with each passing year. lack of pollution. This is an example of I am confident that this legacy will endure what Singapore can bring to the world: into the future.

01 Rich biodiversity continues to flourish in Singapore in spite of its highly urbanised environment. 02 Tree planting events are regularly organised to encourage Singaporeans to get involved in caring for the environment. 13 interview

INTERVIEW

Hiroo Ichikawa Into a Tech-Enabled Future

okyo, the world’s most populous metropolitan region, provides high T quality healthcare in a highly liveable urban environment for its citizens. Hiroo Ichikawa, Executive Director of The Mori Memorial Foundation, which compiles the annual Global Power City Index (GPCI), outlines Tokyo’s future challenges and discusses possible technological solutions as Japan faces a dwindling and ageing population, and a shrinking workforce.

How has Tokyo developed over How does the Global Power City Index the years? (GPCI) compare cities around the world?

Tokyo’s population has grown from The GPCI evaluates and ranks major 1 million in 1910 to over 37 million cities according to their “magnetism”, ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 today, and could reach 40 million. This or their comprehensive power to growth pattern is more or less similar attract people, capital and enterprises to other cities in the world. This means from around the world. It provides a that the 20th century was a time when multidimensional ranking by measuring cities just became bigger and bigger. six functions—Economy, Research and Tokyo witnessed its first rapid economic Development, Cultural Interaction, growth period in the 1960s and the city Liveability, Environment and Accessibility. Hiroo Ichikawa is expanded outwards until the 1990s. Then, The GPCI can grasp the strengths, Professor Emeritus at after the economic bubble burst in the weaknesses and challenges of global cities Meiji University and mid-1990s, rentals dropped and people in a continuously changing world not only the Executive Director started coming back to the city centre. through a ranking, but also by analysing of The Mori Memorial that ranking’s specific components. Foundation. 15 interview

01

London 1 1669.1 [1 (1692.3)]

New York 2 1543.2 [2 (1565.3)] When we started the GPCI in 2008, other

Tokyo 3 1422.2 [3 (1462.0)] similar rankings were focusing on cities as

Paris 4 1387.7 [4 (1393.9)] business or financial centres. However, we Positive well-being stems Singapore 5 1262.9 [5 (1310.6)] evaluate cities comprehensively using six from all areas of urban life Amsterdam 6 1236.0 [6 (1265.9)] functions and 70 indicators. We rank 48 major and can come from factors Seoul 7 1205.6 [7 (1237.5)] cities in the world, and every year we revise

Berlin 8 1201.7 [8 (1232.2)] several indicators. Currently the top 10 cities such as adequate wage levels Hong Kong 9 1170.4 [9 (1204.9)] are London, New York, Tokyo, Paris, Singapore, that meet the living costs 10 Amsterdam, Seoul, Berlin, Hong Kong Sydney 1162.9 [10 (1200.7)] associated with a city, the Melbourne 11 1162.1 and Sydney. Los Angeles 12 1130.3 [12 (1176.8)] availability of urban green In 2002, New York was replaced by London as Madrid 13 1125.0 [22 (1088.9)] spaces, or having a short and Stockholm 14 1117.3 [11 (1179.2)] the top city on the index. Tokyo climbed one

Zurich 15 1117.3 [16 (1132.9)] rung above Paris after 2013, when it won the comfortable commute.

Toronto 16 1113.2 [14 (1145.0)] bid to host the 2020 Olympics. This year, while

Frankfurt 17 1100.9 [15 (1140.4)] there is no change in the overall ranks of the

San Francisco 18 1099.3 [13 (1156.8)] top five cities, the individual scores of Tokyo and

Dubai 19 1091.6 [29 (1039.9)] Singapore have dropped. This is because Japan’s These are mostly grouped under Liveability Copenhagen 20 1087.4 [18 (1125.5)] economy has slowed and because of changes in and Environment, with indicators such as Vienna 21 1085.9 [17 (1125.7)] its stock market capitalisation relative to other top social freedom and equality, risks to mental Barcelona 22 1076.8 [24 (1083.5)] cities. The availability of skilled human resources health, carbon dioxide emissions and water Vancouver 23 1055.9 [21 (1093.3)] and the start-up environment has also declined. quality. Positive well-being stems from all areas Beijing 24 1050.9 [23 (1088.5)] of urban life and can come from factors such Boston 25 1047.7 [20 (1100.1)] Singapore’s case is a little bit like Tokyo. The as adequate wage levels that meet the living Chicago 26 1046.1 [19 (1101.3)] number of foreign residents and start-ups are costs associated with a city, the availability of Brussels 27 1044.3 [25 (1078.0)] shrinking, and factors like work flexibility and urban green spaces, or having a short and Helsinki 28 1025.0 long commuting times have resulted in a lower comfortable commute. Osaka 29 1024.5 [28 (1055.5)] score for Singapore. Liveability is not bad in

Shanghai 30 1023.2 [26 (1072.0)] Singapore, but it scores lower on factors like The GPCI, as a comprehensive evaluation Washington, DC 31 1022.6 [27 (1063.2)] private housing rentals and some others. of a broad range of indicators, allows for a Moscow 32 1018.6 [33 (953.9)] What does the GPCI tell us about health and balanced look at what makes cities excellent Dublin 33 1016.3 well-being of citizens? places to live and carry out healthy, fulfilling Geneva 34 986.3 [30 (999.4)] lives. While there is no single perfect city, Kuala Lumpur 35 981.8 [32 (984.9)] The GPCI does not have specific data for some notable examples of GPCI cities that Milan 36 980.5 [31 (987.3)] these factors. We cover 48 cities, and some offer a high level of well-being are the ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 Istanbul 37 951.9 [34 (951.6)] have the data while others don’t. As this makes European cities of Stockholm, Copenhagen Tel Aviv 38 931.9 comparisons between cities difficult, we don’t and Amsterdam, all of which manage to Taipei 39 917.9 [35 (950.9)] use it. Like Japan, some other developed offer a relatively high level of liveability, Bangkok 40 909.3 [36 (915.4)] Economy countries also have very good policies for while providing a high-quality environment Buenos Aires 41 874.6 [38 (830.0)] 経済 R&D people’s well-being and medical care. and economic opportunities. Newly Fukuoka 42 870.3 [37 (911.0)] 研究・開発 added Dublin also balances liveability with Sao Paulo 43 852.0 [40 (808.4)] Cultural Interaction 文化・交流 While the GPCI does not measure well-being, economic competitiveness and environmental Mexico City 44 [39 (825.0)] 807.6 Livability 居住 happiness or health specifically, it covers some sustainability, and it even has a good amount Jakarta 45 720.1 [41 (702.0)] Environment indicators that influence the overall well-being of cultural attractions. Cairo 46 [44 (604.9)] 648.5 環境 of a population. Johannesburg 47 630.2 [42 (668.5)] Accessibility 交通・アクセス Mumbai 48 605.1 [43 (613.5)]

01 The Mori Memorial Foundation ranks 48 of the world’s major cities in the GPCI 2019 report. 17 interview

01 02

These cities may not have the economic power standards. Non-conforming vehicles must be What factors distinguish the quality of only 20%. Sometimes, depending on the local of New York, the cultural richness of London, replaced with ones that meet the standards health and well-being in Tokyo from other government, you pay only 10%. Therefore, or the broad transportation coverage of large or with low-emission vehicles, or be fitted developed Asian cities? people have a good chance of getting good Asian cities, but they offer a sufficient balance with filtering equipment certified by the medical care without paying too much. of all the conditions that facilitate well-being prefectural governments. Tokyo’s budget is quite big. It is close to that Several types of subsidies are also provided and health. of Korea. The local government is quite rich for the disabled or for new mothers. Since then, Tokyo’s air has been quite clean. and, generally speaking, policies pertaining For a highly urbanised city like Tokyo, do The river is also very clean. Now there is to health and well-being are of a high quality factors like pollution and stress significantly a river cruise, which was not possible 20 in Japan. The country’s life expectancy is

affect people’s health and well-being? years ago because of the smell. Tap water in among the highest in the world, especially for Overall, Tokyo’s ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 Tokyo is also safe to drink. Overall, Tokyo’s men. Number one is Hong Kong at 84.7 years environmental quality Tokyo has a long history of policies to curb environmental quality is very good. However, on average, and for Japan it is 84.2 years. pollution. In the 1960s, there were many despite the high quality of water and air, noise Singapore is not bad at 82.9 years. is very good. However, factories and automobiles spewing smoke. To pollution still persists. despite the high quality stop that, several laws and ordinances were The reason is that in Japan we have a medical promulgated. This began with the Diesel Stress depends on individual perceptions. system where, up to the age of 75, we have of water and air, noise Vehicle Control regulation in 2003 to control Cities like Hong Kong and Tokyo are quite to pay 30% of the costs of medical care pollution still persists. pollution caused by diesel vehicles. Since congested and crowded, but they might not while the government or association pays the 2003, Saitama, Chiba, Tokyo and Kanagawa be stressful for people who have grown up in remaining 70%. After the age of 75, you pay prefectures have prohibited diesel vehicles such conditions, unlike people from countries whose emission levels do not meet specified with fewer people.

01 The popular St Stephen’s Green provides green respite in Dublin’s city centre.

02 Tokyo boasts a high-quality living environment, despite being highly dense and populated. 19 interview

It is important to consider how technological advancements can change the future and help people.

01

To what extent does income New York and London, the population is inequality affect the health outcomes still growing. But we are at a very different of the Japanese? stage. Our population is shrinking, which will lead to shrinking labour force and a So far, we have a highly refined Asian loss of economic power. system that covers even low-income 02 people. But my concern is that in the next What are the solutions? Well, we could 20 years, a smaller budget could pose have more immigrants. We are studying challenges. As an ageing society, we face Singapore’s case and are quite careful. a reduction in the number of younger Technology is another solution. It is generations of Japanese who pay taxes, important to consider how technological which funds pensions. advancements can change the future and help people. For example, with an ageing At present, there are no answers as to population we need helpers, but maybe what will happen to the elderly. Maybe, half of those needs can be replaced by as in the case of the United States, the robots. In the next 20 years, taxi and bus rich could pay for themselves. But for drivers will disappear as autonomous cars the low-income elderly, it’s going to be are adopted. quite hard in the future. While we are not having serious discussions about this We have forecasts in four categories: at present, it could be a very stressful future living—with the arrival of a sharing subject in 20 years. economy or a sharing era; future work— where artificial intelligence and robots What are some key challenges that Tokyo will work well; future mobility—where will face over the next 20 years and how autonomous vehicles will become popular; are they being addressed? and future entertainment—which will combine the real and virtual worlds. Japan’s population started to decline after However, while these developments are 2011, and we may see the same in the technologically feasible, it takes time Tokyo metropolitan region in the next five to change regulations and laws, so I’m to 10 years. In other cities like Singapore, neither pessimistic nor optimistic.

01 Japan has the fastest-ageing population in the world. 02 Young Japanese will become a less common sight in the future. 21 interview

What about issues of gender inequality Another challenge is on-road heat. In the and an ageing workforce? daytime, the temperature can be 35°C, but it can reach about 50°C on the road. In my view, since we need more workers, The Tokyo Metropolitan Government the solution should be to increase the has been installing solar heat-blocking participation of women and older pavement around the city in an effort to people in the workforce. With more reduce the effects of road surface heat opportunities, I am optimistic that gender and its contribution to the urban heat equality and inclusivity will improve. island effect. This has helped to reduce ambient temperatures by as much as The issue of ageing is quite serious in 10°C. Such technological adoption cities like Tokyo and Seoul, and soon in is necessary. Chinese cities as well. Policies to address the needs of an ageing society will vary Because of climate change, we already according to its income base. While have heavy rain in Tokyo every year. Our the rich won’t need any help from the 01 future planning should consider this public sector, taking care of low-income as well. elders presents a serious challenge. The Japanese government has floated an idea Are there lessons for Tokyo from that since Tokyo’s population is high, other cities to mitigate the effects of the elderly could move to other cities or climate change? suburban areas. However, smaller towns and cities don’t easily accept newcomers, Singapore can get very hot, while so large cities will still have many ageing Canadian cities freeze in winter. people. The question for Tokyo and other In Canada, many cities have large cities in the world, therefore, is how to underground spaces that allow people to sustain that. escape the cold. In Singapore, you also have underground passages and links How does climate change affect Tokyo between buildings, as well as covered and how is the city preparing for it? parking spots and walkways. Such efforts make cities more comfortable. The urban heat island effect is a serious The temperature in Tokyo is going up challenge for Tokyo. Some parts of

year by year, and maybe in the next 10 ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 the city centre are becoming warmer, to 30 years, Tokyo might become as hot and they remain so even at night. as Singapore. Dealing with that will be a This occurs because of the warm air very important aspect of planning. generated by air-conditioning in houses and buildings. Now we are working on technology to limit the heat generated by air-conditioning.

01 Foreigners are increasingly hired as healthcare workers to address the labour shortage in Japan. 02 02 Parasols and shade provide brief respite during hot summers. 23 opinion

ities must find ways to address healthcare challenges that go beyond OPINION C the provision of healthcare facilities. A better way is to create health- promoting environments that prevent people from falling ill in the first Liak Teng Lit place. Liak Teng Lit, former Chairman of the National Environment Agency of Singapore and Chief Executive Officer of various public hospitals in Prevention is Singapore, explains how. Better Than Cure

It takes a village to look after the frail elderly and to look after one another. Healthcare Challenges developed and under-resourced. Patients who live far from the city centre are forced We are genetically programmed for a different to travel great distances to visit the large world. Genes that were important for our hospitals for relatively simple or routine tests ancestors in a world of scarcity, where they and minor surgeries. were driven to consume large amounts of high energy and salty food for survival, have led Much of what we term “healthcare” is in fact people to overeat in our modern context when “illness care”, where we fix what has gone such food is now overabundant. Obesity has awry. But spending on illness care does not become a global epidemic, leading to major correlate well with actual quality of health. chronic illnesses such as diabetes. The United States spends one of the highest ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 amounts in the world on healthcare—but In addition, lack of courage in society to Americans’ health are far from stellar. address end-of-life issues has resulted in the Overspending on illness care diverts mindless extension of lives, with many of the resources from other essential investments, elderly “living” out their last years severely some of which are equally or even more demented, bedridden, in pain and with little important for population health. meaningful interaction with others. In the face of a chronically ill and rapidly Also, in many cities, healthcare resources are ageing population, the solution is not concentrated in a small number of acute care to spend more on healthcare facilities. general hospitals that are often located in Prevention is better than cure—a health- or around the city centre. Smaller regional promoting environment is the first line or community hospitals are in turn under- of defence. 25 opinion

Strategies Beyond Healthcare Promote healthy eating and exercise Good relationships and It Takes a Village regular social interaction People-centric planning Access to healthy food is important A healthy city needs much more than for health. Cities should be planned to with others are key hospitals, clinics and other healthcare Healthcare resources should be distributed enable preferential access to fresh food determinants of well-being, facilities. It also needs to have health- based on residents’ needs, and performance in the community. Community gardens health and longevity. promoting features that encourage people targets should be set. For example, for and farms can also produce a significant to be physically active, eat healthily, stay patients to be conveyed from their home to amount of fresh vegetables, fruit and socially engaged and connected to one the hospital in emergencies within 10 min, fish for local consumption. Easy access One way is to create ample positive spaces another, contribute and be happy. the hospital should be no more than 8 km to recreational facilities like parks and that encourage residents to linger and away. For healthcare facilities to be accessible well-shaded public spaces will encourage interact with one another. Places like Health and happiness are closely linked within 10 min by public transport, they people to exercise and go outdoors. convenience stores, hair salons, coffee shops, to our sense of control and sense of should be no further than 2 km away. This playgrounds and even comfortable seating contributions. A healthy community applies to facilities providing diagnostic and Human-scale communities bring people together in the neighbourhood provide a vibrant needs to have the “heartware” that can treatment services for most chronic diseases environment that would draw residents out engage everyone in the community. and minor surgical procedures, and nursing Good relationships and regular of their homes. Traditional villages, especially in agrarian homes. Finally, for facilities to be accessible social interaction with others are key societies, have evolved ways for everyone within 10 min by foot or wheelchair, determinants of well-being, health and A recent prototype of a “vertical village to find their own ways to participate and they should ideally be no further than longevity. Therefore, it is important for the future” is Kampung Admiralty, a contribute to the rest of the community. 200–300 m away. to design the living environment to precinct in Singapore. The variety of public The same goes for modern cities. encourage interactions. Neighbours are spaces found there, from a large 1,000 m2 Creating human-scale communities that Enable self-care and community care more likely to know and care for one community plaza, to a community farm encourage people to get together and another if they live within a community and even small intimate spaces appears to care for one another is an important first For many patients with chronic diseases, the with fewer than 2,000–3,000 people. have encouraged much interaction among step. It takes a village to raise a child. It best care is self-care. For the frail elderly and residents. Co-location of childcare, senior also takes a village to look after the frail ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 the dying, the best care is often care given care and activity centres, has also facilitated elderly and to look after one another. by family members and neighbours, at home natural mixing between the young and old. and within the community. Such care is often available immediately, and is personal and cost-effective. 27 opinion

ack Sim, founder of the Restroom Association (Singapore) and the World Toilet OPINION J Organization, explains why public sanitation is critical for protecting the health and well-being of residents in cities. Jack Sim The ABCs of Public Sanitation

Cities and buildings become dysfunctional when good, clean toilets are absent. ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020

Toilets. Pee. Poo. Sanitation. These are not This article will address the importance of sexy subjects to talk about, but how they are public sanitation in cities and give suggestions managed is essential to our quality of life. This on areas for improvement—in alphabetical is especially important in cities, where many order for easy recall. people live in crowded, polluted and—worse— unsanitary conditions. 29 opinion

Proximity to proper Behaviour of People Environmental Pollution of Waterways Investment Return functioning toilets, as well as The relationship between people and 4.5 billion people’s excreta is not treated Healthy nations are productive nations. a good waste management toilets, or the managers of such facilities, before discharge. This includes the nearly one Analysis by World Bank economist Guy system, is necessary to is similar to any other relationship. If the billion who defecate in the open and those Hutton reveals that every dollar invested in facility serves users well, users will treat the with toilets that discharge directly into rivers, sanitation has a fivefold return on investment maintain good sanitary facility with respect. Toilet users are like seas, lakes and open spaces. by reducing non-working days, medical conditions in cities. Without customers—always hold them in esteem and expenses and productivity losses. do everything to serve them by ensuring that Such environmental pollution contaminates these, the health of citizens toilet facilities are clean and work well. good drinking water and spreads diseases. I created 19 November as World Toilet Day, would be at risk. Half of all hospitals beds in developing which was unanimously adopted by all 193 Cleaning Training countries are occupied by patients suffering countries of the UN General Assembly. This from waterborne diseases. Diarrhoea kills day was established to draw attention and The function of a toilet is to receive human more children every year than HIV-AIDS, inspire action to address the global sanitation waste but it cannot self-clean. A dirty toilet measles and malaria combined. crisis. It is important for us to generate greater requires human intervention to bring it back awareness of this issue, in order to protect Architecture of Cities to a state of cleanliness. The toilet cleaner is Funding, Government Policy and Health the health and well-being of residents in the a technician who needs to be professionally cities by promoting and driving demand for a Cities are designed for people and people trained and remunerated to produce dry Prevention is cheaper than cure. Sanitation higher quality of life. need to use the toilet every two to three hours. and hygienic conditions. If training is was voted by the British Medical Journal as Cities and buildings become dysfunctional neglected, toilets will be dirty, wet, smelly the most important medical advancement in The toilet is the happiest room in the world. when good, clean toilets are absent. Yet most and unappealing to users. the last two centuries. The invention of the You go in unhappy and come out happy and architects are not “toilet-trained”. flush toilet has extended life expectancy by relieved. My wish is for all readers to have a Design 20 years. happy, healthy and dignified relationship with We need human-centred design for public your life partner, the toilet. toilets in buildings, transport, parks, shops, To achieve good toilet design, ergonomics places of worship, schools, highways, tourist and a good understanding of user behaviour attractions and all locations away from home. is critical for selecting the right material, sanitary ware, equipment and supplies. Proximity to proper functioning toilets, as Ventilation, natural lighting and creating an ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 well as a good waste management system, inviting environment are also important to is necessary to maintain good sanitary lift spirits and inspire joy in the place. All conditions in cities. Without these, the health these matter in ensuring the well-being of of citizens would be at risk. the user. Design for happiness and relief and you will get it right. illustration 31

(DALY) 120k 3.2m 4,400 Health Deaths Prevented Outcomes (S$2.2bn) US$500m US$1.6bn Healthcare Savings Productivity Savings Sick Days Prevented (S$692.8m) Disability-Adjusted Life Year Year Disability-Adjusted Life

600 1.6bn Social Performance Quantifying the value of physical activity helps cities understand and harness helps cities understand value of physical activity Quantifying the three dimensions: health,ACW measured the benefits across their true power. the combined annual economic contributionsocial and economic. While US$14 billion (S$19.4bn), physical activity alsoacross the four cities nears and non-financial benefits to cities throughgenerates significant financial outcomes. improved health and social US$61m (S$84.5m) Outcomes to Improved Educational Juvenile Crimes Prevented Annual GDP Growth Owing Annual GDP Hours of Positive Interaction

(S$5.5bn) US$9.9bn US$4.0bn Economic (S$13.7bn) Outcomes Workforce Contribution Workforce Participation Consumption Physical activity activity Physical health, produces and happiness wealth

ILLUSTRATION Benefits of Staying Active Benefits of Staying The Power of The Power Physical Activity Physical Active Citizens Worldwide (ACW) was established in 2017 to help cities transform in 2017 to help cities transform was established (ACW) Worldwide Citizens Active s it possible for a city to measure the success of its physical activity programmes? activity programmes? s it possible for a city to measure the success of its physical sport participation and physical activity using data and analytics. It generates data- activity using data and analytics. It generates sport participation and physical of activity and its drivers and behaviours, activity levels insights on physical driven activity among outcomes in cities across the world. Find out how promoting physical Singapore, Auckland and Stockholm. cities: London, citizens brought value to four ACW I 33 illustration

Active lives Disease Groups Associated with Physical Inactivity Physically Active Individuls are Physical activity are longer Happier and Trust Others More is a social force and healthier Coronary Heart Disease Anxiety for good +3% 3.2 Active Across the four cities, Average Trust The social impact of sport and physical inactivity causes Stroke Depression in Local Area 3.1 Inactive physical activity is often overlooked, 1 in 10 deaths worldwide. (out of 5) yet it is one of the most important to A physically active city policymakers. Analysis from each generates benefits for both ACW city demonstrates that physical individuals (4,400 premature activity increases trust in others, deaths prevented across the reduces psychological distress, Type 2 Diabetes Dementia four cities) and healthcare drives higher life satisfaction provision (US$1.6billion and encourages social empathy. (S$2.2bn) healthcare Physically Active Individuals Report The type and context of activity savings across the four Higher Levels of Life Satisfaction is important—typically we see cities). By providing detailed participation in team sports driving information to the cities of Breast Cancer Osteoporosis higher benefits, but bringing a social the gender-specific impact element to individual exercise can of physical activity across generate similar impacts. 10 disease groups, ACW +6% 7.3 Active has enabled the four cities Colon Cancer Uterine Cancer Average Life to understand what can be done to improve the health Satisfaction 6.9 Inactive of their citizens. (out of 10) Physical Illness Mental Illness

Physically Active Individuals have Estimated Healthcare Expenditure Savings and Reduced Risk of Psychological Distress Deaths Prevented Through Physical Activity

-14% 10.4 Active Type 2 Average Level Others Diabetes Others Dementia of Psychological 12.0 Inactive Distress

203 772 Depression 183 Stroke 615 395 1,671

197 420 Dementia Colon Participation in Sport Cancer 1,134 317 Encourages Social Empathy

Osteoporosis Coronary Heart Disease +17% 60% Active US$1.6bn 4,400 Average Perception Deaths Prevented of Caring for the 51% Inactive (S$2.2bn) Annually Community Annual Healthcare Savings 35 essay

ESSAY

Designing for Health Secrets to Healthier, Proportion of Impact of Major Determinants on Health Happier Citizens

Bunker Healthcare Other Factors et al 1995 43 57 haping the urban environment has a significant impact on citizens’ S physical and mental health. Yet, the complexity of cities and human behaviours means a linear planning approach has its limitations. Elly Chiu Canadian Institute of Healthcare Genetics Environmental Socio-Economic and Denise Tan explore new, human-centric approaches adopted by leaders Advanced and planners to shape their cities for health. Research 25 15 15 50 2012

Urban living contributes to a range of to their health. Such notions are the health issues, from disease and death foundations for healthy city initiatives caused by air pollution, to heightened that have grown rapidly in the last Booske Healthcare Health Behaviours Environmental Socio-Economic risk of disease outbreaks. Ageing, mental few decades. et al 2014 health issues and the rise of chronic 20 30 10 40 illnesses further weigh on the health Specifically, Dahlgren and Whitehead’s outcomes of citizens. seminal paper provided a framework that outlines the influence of genetic To keep citizens healthy, the typical and physiological factors, individual Social and Healthcare Health Behaviours approach of many cities has been to lifestyles, and wider socio-environmental McGinnis Environmental target healthcare delivery and devote conditions on population health. et al 2002 15 40 most resources to building better Subsequent studies in different parts 45 healthcare institutions and equipping of the world have since established the healthcare practitioners, where treating relative influence of these factors on diseases and containing the spread of health outcomes. Socio-economic and infection is the focus. Yet evidence shows environmental factors account for more Adapted from Buck D, Baylis A, Dougall D, Robertson R (2018) that a healthy city is more than good than half the variation in population healthcare delivery. It is in fact people’s health outcomes, followed by healthy behaviours, and the environments they behaviours, healthcare, and finally live in, that contribute most significantly genetic and physiological factors.

Elly Chiu is a researcher at the Centre for Liveable Cities. Socio-economic and Denise Tan is trained in architecture and works at the Ministry of Health Singapore’s environmental factors have Office for Healthcare Transformation. the greatest influence on population health outcomes. 01 02

Place-Based Approaches to Population Health In Japan, Kashiwa-no-ha Smart City—a Strategies included the adoption of green, 2.73 km2 development in the north of active, safe and “pro-social” spaces that Armed with this understanding, cities Cities around the world have Kashiwa—was initiated in 2000 with the enhance well-being. Even the preservation of around the world have successfully developed successfully developed health- aim of improving the health of its ageing heritage in the district was done with the aim health-promoting neighbourhoods and promoting neighbourhoods population. The district was designed in of encouraging communal identity, to improve districts, which integrate the planning a compact way to encourage walking and mental and community resilience. and programming of the built and social and districts, which integrate cycling, with mobility stations that allow environments to bring about improved the planning and programming residents to rent bicycles and hail buses In Singapore, the Active, Beautiful, Clean health outcomes. of the built and social on-demand. To further promote healthy Waters (ABC Waters) programme has created public spaces for people to enjoy nature, while behaviours, Kashiwa-no-ha opened a one- ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 Barcelona introduced the superilles environments to bring about stop centre to provide elderly residents with tackling water supply and flood management (superblocks) system, which channels traffic improved health outcomes. information on nutrition and exercise, and requirements. By incorporating biophilic to a smaller number of larger roads, creating non-strenuous job opportunities. design that strategically deploys the elements mini neighbourhoods around which traffic of water, flora and fauna, spaces in the city will flow. By cutting down the amount of health outcomes. Research has estimated that, In Bowden, an inner suburb of Adelaide, such as Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park reconnect pollution, congestion and noise in residential with the superblocks, almost 700 premature South Australia, urban renewal strategies people with nature and provide open spaces neighbourhoods, and repurposing the freed deaths from air pollution, noise and heat are being adopted with the explicit aim of for recreation and social activities, in turn up space as “citizen spaces”, the quality of could be prevented each year, and, if the idea addressing poor mental health in the area. improving users’ physical and mental health. the environment for residents is improved, is rolled out across the city, residents could promoting physical activity and driving better expect to live an extra 200 days.

01 Aerial view of the superblocks system in Barcelona. 02 Features at Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, like the popular naturalised stream, bring people closer to nature. 39 essay

Limitations and Unintended well-being. Yet, a 2017 study by Cole et al. Consequences showed that successful greening efforts may inadvertently lead to the gentrification In the face of complexity and By shaping the environment, place- of surrounding areas, thereby reinforcing based approaches can have a significant health inequalities. Socially and economically impact on how people behave. Yet, it is vulnerable residents were excluded from ambiguity, planning for health challenging for city leaders and planners the potential benefits to health that these to anticipate human behaviours. Urban improvements brought due to forced requires cities to adopt less planning interventions and initiatives may, economic displacement and social alienation. in fact, backfire and nudge unhealthy conventional measures. behaviours instead. One study by Lesser New Tools to Shape Our Cities for Health et al. (2013) reveals that a higher density of outdoor advertisements promoting In the face of complexity and ambiguity, food and beverage in the United States planning for health requires cities to adopt was associated with higher obesity levels. less conventional measures to encourage Another study by Sallis et al. (2016) healthy behaviours, mobilise stakeholders in showed that increasing public transport the community, promote experimentation, density correlated to higher physical and leverage data in planning and assessing activity, but reducing the walking distance the success of initiatives. to public transport points did not correlate with higher physical activity, One way to nudge users towards health 01 suggesting that shortening distances in behaviours is to introduce changes in the public transit is not a strong enough built environment. For example, in a study nudge for physical activity. conducted by the Georgia Institute of Technology College of Architecture, elevators A linear planning approach to promoting in a high-rise office building in Los Angeles population health in urban settings may were programmed to stop only at every also be insufficient. A multi-disciplinary third floor, while staircases were designed study by the UCL-Lancet Commission on adjacent to the elevators to encourage Healthy Cities showed that the complexity of cities makes it difficult to capture physical activity. The adjacent staircase all the necessary information about ended up being used 49.75 times more than what affects urban health in one plan enclosed stairwells or the traditional vertical or strategy. Multiple interacting factors circulation core. In another example in shape population health in ways that Los Angeles, new pocket parks—small green cannot always be anticipated in advance. spaces in otherwise built-up areas—were Changing the urban environment to placed in low-income neighbourhoods to improve health outcomes could thus encourage nearby residents to use the parks. have unintended consequences—if not A post-implementation review showed that managed and monitored carefully. these were useful to promote moderate-to- vigorous physical activity among low-income For example, it is widely accepted that residents and encouraged more visits from greening a city has positive effects on families with children compared to existing people’s physical and psychological playgrounds in nearby parks.

01 Parklets in Los Angeles provide green communal spaces for people to gather. 41 essay

01 02

Another way is for local authorities to By investing in place-based An Iterative Way Forward NITY MU co-create solutions with the community. M approaches that adopt The popularity of place-based approaches O EDUCATION In Tokyo, the metropolitan government C & HEALTH HEALTH & LITERACY SOCIAL empowers citizens to influence the design a process of continuous to improve people’s health outcomes in cities SERVICES will likely continue. Yet, it is important to of their neighbourhoods in a process called learning, experimentation COMMUNITYSAFETY machizukuri, in which they work together with note that cities and human behaviours are HEALTHY FOODS

ACCESS TO urban designers to implement initiatives such and fine-tuning, city leaders complex, and relations between interventions as greening. Not only does access to greenery have a good chance to create affecting the urban environment and HEALTH population health outcomes are not as BEHAVIOURS in the neighbourhood improve health SUPPORT Physical Activity healthier cities. COMMUNITY outcomes, community involvement in shaping linear as may be presumed. As such, Healthy Eating Tobacco Use a neighbourhood’s identity also fosters cities should consider ways to leverage ENVIRONMENT Socialisation

BUILT Sleep opportunity and belonging, which are integral Other cities empower people to provide complexity and behavioural science in their planning and initiatives. Alongside this, to mental health. A Japanese study has shown care directly for their own communities. For GREEN & that having green space within walking example, the Thrive initiatives in London and urban planning for health would do well to BLUE SPACES distance from home and a positive attitude New York seek to mobilise local communities mobilise the population and promote local ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY towards the local community consistently to promote positive mental health. A key experimentation, while measuring the impact T TRANSPORT EN increases longevity, regardless of aspect of this is to empower individuals in of such efforts. M N 03 demographic factors. the community to deliver healthcare. For ENVIRO example, non-specialists in community-based Singapore’s Ministry of Health (MOH) The United Kingdom’s Healthy New Towns organisations are given the skills and knowledge Office for Healthcare Transformation has programme has also been successful in to deliver mental health interventions, while a programme to develop healthy precincts Through an iterative approach, successful establishing a shared vision for creating healthy city employees themselves are trained in mental in public housing estates and public areas. initiatives may be scaled up and applied in ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 towns and cities of the future. The programme health first aid. The programme works with the local other precincts. funded 10 towns to inject new dwelling units population, agencies and community on greenfield sites and brought local councils, Cities have also leveraged data to develop more leaders to understand the links between There is much that we have yet to learn developers, architects, healthcare workers targeted, granular solutions for their residents. socio-environmental determinants in about shaping our cities for health. But by and the community together to implement In Campinas and São Paulo, Project CityZen selected precincts and the health behaviours investing in place-based approaches that integrated strategies, such as incorporating is being piloted to help improve preventive of residents. It will introduce solutions adopt a process of continuous learning, “principles of healthy living” in planning health among the elderly by developing a digital to address the socio-environmental experimentation and fine-tuning, city leaders agreements in Whyndyke Farm, piloting an platform that maps their income, dependency determinants and facilitate healthy have a good chance to create healthier cities app for managing mental health in Cranbrook and frailty needs. The resulting data is used to behaviours, and measure their impact. that enable residents to flourish. schools, and implementing 5 km “Health prevent further frailty and reduce the burden Routes” in Bicester. on healthcare infrastructure. 01 Thrive London empowers individuals in the community to deliver mental health interventions.

02 CityZen is a citizen-centric digital platform that brings healthcare service right to the fingertips of the elderly in Brazil. 03 The preliminary Healthy Precinct Framework developed by MOH’s Office for Healthcare Transformation (2019). 43 essay

ESSAY

Inclusive Streets Move in the Right Direction

ucy Saunders developed the Healthy Streets Approach through her L research into the health impacts of transport, public realm and urban planning. She identified 10 indicators necessary for public spaces to improve people’s health. Her model was first adopted in London and is now being applied in cities around the world.

Successful cities around the world are overhaul of bus travel in London, a facing the same challenge: a growing programme of road-space reallocation to population that is causing increased create bike tracks in New York, removal congestion and pollution. This leads to a of car parking in Oslo and road user decline in the quality of life for citizens, charging in Singapore. However, no which threatens the city’s continuing major city has managed to keep pace prosperity. In the past century, attempts with the needs of its citizens. have been made to address congestion and pollution by building more roads. City dwellers around the world are facing The result was induced demand: an epidemic of physical inactivity (lack roads quickly filled with more vehicles, of daily exercise) because they are not increasing congestion and pollution, able to build walking or cycling easily into eroding the quality of life. So how their daily routine. This results in a wide can cities successfully grow without range of health consequences including increasing congestion and pollution? overweight and obesity, cardiovascular and By creating a demand for clean, healthy, musculoskeletal illnesses, depression and space-efficient travel: walking, cycling anxiety. In addition, our understanding and public transport. of the health impacts of urban noise and air pollution is growing and there Global cities have known this for some is a growing body of scientific evidence time. Transport policies since the turn of showing the negative impacts these the century have been aimed at shifting have on unborn babies, cardiovascular travel from private cars to sustainable, and pulmonary disease, sleep and healthy options. This has included an performance at school and work. Cycle Superhighway in central London separates people walking and cycling from automobiles for a safe and Lucy Saunders is a public health specialist, urbanist and transport planner. relaxing journey. 45 essay

So how do we ensure our urban transport An effective framework for achieving this is policies achieve the pace and scale of change the 10 Healthy Street Indicators. These focus that is needed to see real population-wide on the human experience and show what benefits? We need to focus on the outcome really matters on all streets, everywhere, for we are seeking to achieve, which is a healthy everyone. By improving these indicators, cities environment in which everyone can live well. know they are addressing the major negative Evidence from studies around the world health impacts of cities: physical inactivity, shows that people will not choose to travel in road traffic injuries, noise and air pollution, healthy, space-efficient ways unless we ensure social isolation and loneliness. the environment they are travelling in is comfortable and attractive to walk, cycle and Importantly, we can only improve these spend time in. indicators by reducing the dominance of We need to accommodate everyone. Special private motorised vehicles that are responsible consideration needs to be made to ensure for many of these health problems. People streets and public transport are welcoming are not willing to walk or cycle in constrained to older people, children, disabled people, spaces dominated by noise, pollution and people travelling in groups, people visiting danger. People will choose to travel in a and working in the city, as well as people private car if they can, even though it is living in the city. We also need to consider not the best choice for their own health or all possible times of the day and weather the health of others in the city. So it is not conditions because when people need to sufficient to provide the choice of active travel travel, it is often not an option to cancel or versus private car. Active travel needs to be a postpone their trip. more convenient and attractive alternative.

01

© Lucy Saunders

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How do we get Healthy Streets? ensure the public environment is healthy and

welcoming to all people then we must improve ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 To make streets healthier we must first assess and balance all of the indicators. The back how they perform against the 10 Healthy alley may be quiet and easy to cross but if it Street Indicators and then seek to improve also feels drab or even unsafe, people will not their performance. It is possible that a quiet be willing to use it. The main street may have back alley performs well in the “not too noisy” lots of attractions and places to rest, but if it and “easy to cross” categories, while a busy is also noisy and difficult to cross with narrow main street does better for “things to see and footpaths, then many people will not want to do” and “places to stop and rest”. However, to do so, and some will not be able to use it. Once

01 Narrow streets are designed to prioritise people walking and the vehicles are ‘guests’ in these spaces.

02 The 10 Healthy Street Indicators focus on the human experience and show what really matters on all streets, everywhere, for everyone. 47 essay

Cities become more interesting and pleasant places to live, work and get around when they are not car-dominated.

01

you start looking into the Healthy Street 02 Indicators it becomes clear that they are Roads need to dedicate interdependent, which is because the more space for human experience is multidimensional. A sustainable, healthy street that is noisy is less likely to be safe and as a result, people are less likely to modes of travel. want to walk or cycle on it.

To achieve improvements in the 10 parking rules; activating public spaces Healthy Street Indicators, the first with art and novelties that encourage play thought is often to redesign the street in and reflection; and managing servicing, some way. A wider footpath makes the deliveries and construction work to reduce street feel safer and more relaxing for the number of vehicles people have to walking and creates space for seating, interact with when walking or cycling. planting and bicycle parking. This also serves to narrow the road space for The design and management of buildings motorised vehicles, leading to steadier, that line the streets also influence what more courteous driving behaviour. streets feel like for people. For example, active frontages at ground floor level; However, there are many ways the shade, shelter and lighting designed into experience of being on the street can be building façades; careful thought about improved without engineering. Examples how people can easily access the building include: enforcing the speed limit and on foot, bicycle and public transport.

01 With a successful Healthy Streets Approach, children need not to wear high-visibility clothing to ensure their safety while walking on the streets. 02 People of all ages cycle along the streets of London during the annual RideLondon cycling event. 01 02

We also need to think beyond the individual as shops, restaurants, leisure, schools, dentists The Greater London Authority has street. For example, a bicycle lane that only and doctors into communities. These “20-min comprehensively adopted the Healthy Streets runs for one block will not result in more towns” have to restrict car parking, as people Approach across all departmental strategies, people cycling because they need a safe space will not walk or cycle in their neighbourhoods committed £2.3 billion (S$4.03 billion) to to cycle their whole journey. A network of if there are ample opportunities to park a delivering the necessary improvements, Active travel needs to be high-quality public transport services, bicycle private car. embedded Healthy Streets in the spatial plan a more convenient and lanes and wide footpaths are essential. Roads for the city region and is annually tracking its need to dedicate more space for sustainable, Even people who are not interested in their progress in improving the indicators. Data is attractive alternative. healthy modes of travel, so that it is quicker health and well-being can still enjoy the already showing record growth in cycling and and more convenient than travelling by car for benefits of Healthy Streets in other ways. the Healthy Streets scores for streets across short journeys. This can require area or city- Cities become more interesting and pleasant the city are climbing. It is therefore possible wide policies that limit vehicle speeds, enforce places to live, work and get around when they for cities to apply urban transport policies that The 10 Healthy Street Indicators are bus lanes and charge people more for driving are not car-dominated. achieve the pace and scale of change needed deceptively simple. To achieve our objective, ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 short journeys. for real population-wide benefits. we need a wide range of organisations, For example, businesses in London’s financial businesses, government departments and This brings us to the most strategic level of district can see that it is important to be In 2019, Auckland Transport in New Zealand individuals to work together towards this consideration for delivering improvements based in a great place for people if they hired a Healthy Streets team to help the city shared goal. Using the 10 Healthy Street in the 10 Healthy Street Indicators: spatial are seeking to attract top-level talent from apply the approach there, and in October 2019, Indicators, they remain focused on improving planning. To ensure cities are thriving places around the world. In May 2019, the City of Hungary’s capital city Budapest voted in a new the human experience to deliver health and for people to lead healthy lives free from London adopted an ambitious plan based mayor who has committed to the approach. well-being benefits for everyone. congestion and pollution, we have to plan on the Healthy Street Indicators. This for that spatially. People need to be able to includes reducing the speed limit to 24 km/h, easily access the goods and services they need increasing the number of streets closed to cars, routinely in their own neighbourhood, on foot building 2-m wide cycle tracks and tightening or by bicycle. This means ensuring that new junctions to make them easier and safer to developments bring everyday services such cross on foot or by bike. 01 People enjoying the outdoor seating spaces on a busy street near Leicester Square, London. 02 Commuters using the newly installed protected bike lanes in central London. 51 essay

ESSAY

Sport in the City Living Better Through Sport

n Singapore, sport is more than child’s play. To tackle many of the city’s I health and demographic challenges, promoting sport and physical activity is key. This article explains how providing the necessary sport facilities and empowering the community to exercise helps society to stay in good shape.

Cities today face a variety of challenges, decade is projected to be approximately including rising healthcare costs, an 3% of GDP, overtaking spending on ageing population, social tensions and education. The country’s healthcare costs economic uncertainties brought about will also rise at a rate faster than that by geopolitical tensions. Singapore is not of its neighbours. On the other hand, immune to these challenges. while various races and religions coexist in harmony in Singapore, forces that Singapore in particular faces the threaten to pull communities apart are challenge of a rapidly ageing population, still present. where one in four Singaporeans will be aged 65 and above by 2030, double While sport might not be the immediate of what it is today. Singapore’s annual answer that comes to mind, how can we healthcare expenditure over the next use it to improve Singaporeans’ lives? With Sport Singapore’s Sports Facilities Master Plan, sports and play spaces are just a short walk away Lim Teck Yin is the Chief Executive Officer of Sport Singapore. from people’s homes. 53 essay

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Activating Sport for Health & Well-being Promoting Sport through Programmes ballet-inspired exercises at its pool. Bishan Sport Centre holds circuit training sessions, SportSG’s goal is for the With an ageing population, sport can inspire ActiveSG is SportSG’s national movement kickboxing classes, and even yoga under the everyone to stay active and healthy, which can that brings people together in sport and stars. Other sport centres offer trail walks, majority of Singaporeans reduce the healthcare burden on the working physical activity. ActiveSG membership is energy-bar making classes, night cycling to have access to a sporting population. Every 10,000 Singaporeans who complimentary and open to all Singaporeans sessions, and even dance parties. facility within a 10-min walk stay active can translate to S$2.3 million in and Permanent Residents. New members healthcare savings and an increase in the receive free credits that can be used to enter Activating Infrastructure for Sport of their homes by 2030. number of healthy years lived, according to swimming pools and gyms, book sport Active Citizens Worldwide (ACW). Sport can facilities and pay for sport programmes. SportSG’s goal is for the majority of also encourage seniors to be socially active, Singaporeans to have access to a sporting 2 reduce their risk of social isolation and help ActiveSG members can participate in a range facility within a 10-min walk of their homes 0.35km national facility consists of the communities build resilience. of sporting and lifestyle programmes that by 2030. The Sports Facilities Master Plan National Stadium, Singapore Indoor Stadium, cater to all ages and abilities. At ActiveSG guides the development of sport spaces at the OCBC Aquatic Centre and OCBC Arena, ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 Sport Singapore (SportSG) is a local swimming pools, morning pool walks help national, regional, town and neighbourhood Kallang Wave Mall and more. The National government agency that promotes sport in the seniors build water confidence before they levels. Regardless of scale and scope, all Stadium hosts sport events from regional country. Its purpose is to transform Singapore progress to other activities like aqua-aerobics. facilities allow people to live actively through competitions such as the Southeast Asian through sport. It envisages a Singapore where Some ActiveSG gyms hold senior-friendly sport, anytime, anywhere. (SEA) Games in 2015 to community sport active living is the norm and citizens are programmes and have been retrofitted with programmes for the public to gather and motivated to stay healthy with their family, resistance-training equipment that utilise air At the apex of sport facilities available is the watch, cheer and bond over sport. The 100Plus friends and community, regardless of life pressure instead of weights, reducing the risk Singapore Sports Hub, a fully integrated Promenade running track that encircles the stage. This is done using three approaches: of injury. sport, entertainment and lifestyle hub. This National Stadium is open for public use. organising programmes to promote sport, developing infrastructure and facilities to There are also free public programmes. encourage active lifestyles, and empowering For example, Yishun Swimming Complex the community. holds hydro-health programmes such as 01 ActiveSG’s programmes have encouraged seniors to get active and try new sports, like flippa ball. 02 The Singapore Sports Hub hosts all types of activities, from elite sports to community events. 55 essay 01 The Regional Sport Centres (RSCs) are and abilities. Under the Dual Use Scheme, focal points for sport programmes, events school sports facilities such as football fields and activities for Singapore’s five main and indoor halls are open for public use regions (Central, East, Northeast, North on weekday evenings and weekends. This and West). The first RSC, Our Tampines has added more than 300 additional sports Hub (OTH) in the east, opened in August facilities to the public inventory. 2017. It brings together public facilities such as sport facilities, a library, a hawker Empowering the Community centre, an arts theatre and dance studios under one roof. OTH exemplifies how co- In SportSG’s engagements with location of facilities can help achieve broader Singaporeans, most expressed hope for a planning objectives of space optimisation, nation that values community bonds and intensification and integration. Residents provides equal opportunities for all. The visiting OTH can drop off their children for ACW report reaffirms that sport brings sporting programmes and then run family people together and fosters social mixing. errands within the vicinity or participate in ActiveSG’s Academies & Clubs (A&C) sport programmes themselves. features a mix of traditional, new and lifestyle-oriented sport based on popularity, In July 2017, SportSG launched Active emerging trends, potential to deepen Health as a national movement for expertise in the sport, and ability to support Singaporeans to take ownership of their lifelong sport participation. health and well-being while building social bonds. SportSG also set up Active Health 03 Labs (AHLs), which are immersive and experiential centres founded on exercise science. These complement the work of ActiveSG Sport Centres and integrated hubs to raise awareness of health and well-being using the four pillars of nutrition, physical exercise, sleep, and screen time. There are now eight AHLs located across Singapore. AHL@Admiralty Medical Centre, the first of its kind, is a collaboration with Yishun Health and part of a community medical facility in Kampung Admiralty, Singapore’s first self-contained “retirement village”.

Apart from establishing AHLs, SportSG has activated spaces for exercise across the island. The Sport-in-Precinct and Dual Use ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 Scheme are key components of the Sports Facilities Master Plan. Under the Sport- in-Precinct scheme, sporting spaces are designed to be accessible and convenient for all. Multipurpose hard courts can be easily reconfigured for team sports like basketball, street soccer, badminton and sepak takraw. The exercise equipment available are also suitable for use by people of different ages

01 Active Health Champions guiding seniors in a workout.

02 Residents enjoying the Sport-in-Precinct facilities at Jurong Spring in Singapore. 02 03 Engaging in sport brings about a myriad of positive social outcomes. 57 essay

By organising programmes, planning infrastructure and empowering the community, Beyond encouraging physical activity SportSG promotes long-term and supporting character and Members of the leadership development, A&Cs foster community have since social interactions between participants sporting participation and from different ages and backgrounds. joined Team Nila to bond SportSG has also established platforms with like-minded peers social engagement. ancillary to A&C programmes for and give back to the parents who want to support their children in their sporting journey. community through From football kickabouts and fitness sport volunteerism. boot camps to photography workshops, families can experience sport and create memories together. Activating Sport as Strategy Team Nila started out as SportSG 01 volunteers for Singapore’s SEA Games Lord Sebastian Coe—Olympic and ASEAN Para Games participants. medallist, former President of the More members of the community have Organising Committee for the Summer since joined Team Nila to bond with Olympic Games and President of the like-minded peers and give back to the International Association of Athletics community through sport volunteerism. Federations—once shared that “sport There are five ways for volunteers to is a universal language, building more serve and participate. bridges between people than anything else I can think of”. For example, at the Woodlands Sport Centre, Team Nila regularly engages Sport can be the bridge that connects residents from the neighbourhood solutions to address urban issues to participate in sporting activities. related to a country’s social and This includes water activities and healthcare priorities. By organising the Sporting Friday initiative, where programmes, planning infrastructure

activities are organised on Friday and empowering the community, ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 evenings by both Team Nila and SportSG promotes long-term sporting ActiveSG Sport Centre staff. Volunteers participation and social engagement. can also join interest groups like sport This exposes people to new cultures safety or sport photography to try new and ideas, allowing them to appreciate activities, hone their passions and bond each other’s contribution to society and with like-minded peers. strengthen community bonds.

01 Children enjoying a game of modified water polo with Team Nila volunteers. CITY FOCUS

Kazan A New State of Play

Women and children doing Zumba dancing along the beautiful Kazan riverbank. 61 city focus azan, the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan, transformed from K a city torn apart by gang violence to Russia’s sporting hub. Now a champion for healthy lifestyles, green spaces and multi-cultural diversity, Kazan’s miraculous revival offers many lessons for other cities.

Kazan was once a decaying city plagued Through sport—a by poor public health. Only one out of seven people, or 13.1% of its population, prominent strategy in the regularly participated in sport and city’s policies—Kazan was recreational activities, and municipal given new life. schools had poor nutrition standards. As it moved to market capitalism in the 1990s, Kazan was mired in lawlessness The event, which brought together and organised crime. Drug traders, 12,000 young athletes from 170 countries shady businessmen and prostitution to compete in 26 sports, attracted US$3 Kazan Arena is a key ruled the streets, while youth gangs million (S$4.04 million) in investment hosting venue for world- engaged in aggressive turf wars. Faced and generated 23,000 jobs, while raising class sports events with a deteriorating city, grim prospects, Kazan’s international profile. These taking place in Kazan. and a general cloud of pessimism, Kazan funds were pivotal in upgrading the city’s saw an exodus of young people and sport infrastructure and making sport families in search of a better future. attractive, convenient and affordable.

Kazan Mayor Ilsur Metshin, who took The city went on to host major sporting office in 2006, was eager to rehabilitate events like the FINA World Aquatic the city’s decaying image. Under his Championships in 2015, the FIFA leadership, Kazan made incredible Confederations Cup in 2017, and the 2018 strides over just one decade to brand FIFA World Cup. Kazan will also host the itself as Russia’s sporting capital, while 2021 European Short Course Swimming investing in health, green strategies and Championships and the 2024 FINA social programmes. European Swimming Championships.

Modernisation Through Sport Today, Kazan’s 2,000 sport facilities— which range from stadiums, indoor ice Through sport—a prominent strategy arenas and playgrounds—cover almost ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 in the city’s policies—Kazan was given all parts of the capital and are regularly new life. used by some 30,000 of its citizens. The mayor’s office is actively encouraging a It embarked on the Healthy Kazan lifelong love for sport. It organises annual initiative, a major project under its social hockey and football tournaments, which and economic development strategy, attract over 7,000 children and youth building over 30 new sport facilities and participants, and holds major ice hockey, hosting the 2013 Summer Universiade. triathlon and athletics events.

Children playing Toh Ee Ming is a freelance journalist who contributes to the South China Morning Post and the Xinhua outdoors on a snowy News Agency, covering society, politics and culture. day in Kazan. 63 city focus

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Giving Youth a Better Start in Life which include fencing, taekwondo, rhythmic The city’s Environmental Council, along plenipotentiary for parks and public spaces gymnastics, modern dance, 3D modelling, with socially responsible private and at age 24, the city began taking citizen Beyond sport, Kazan has made it a priority robotics, intellectual games and hands-on public enterprises, embarked on a massive participation seriously and designed public to improve school nutrition. It invested classes. Kazan’s Health and Development makeover. The Green Record project—a spaces based on extensive public consultation. 950 million rubles (S$20.51 million) into Foundation also launched a healthy youth mass planting of more than 150,000 trees— For instance, the public pavilion in the modernising its food processing and lifestyle programme, and trained teachers involved students, authorities, academics, Gorkinskо-Ometyevsky Forest was built with a production facilities, increasing hot meal to discuss topics like risky behaviour, HIV public organisation representatives and more large container box park offering co-working coverage to 93% in 2015, up from 37% in prevention, substance abuse, conflict and than 150 enterprises. The number of city spaces for entrepreneurs and start-ups, play parks and gardens more than doubled from areas, cafes and a skating pavilion. 2005. From 2006 to 2015, the Department of communication skills with teens. 52 to 138 and park attendance increased ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 Food and Social Catering delivered to students Beautifying the City tenfold as a result. Kazan was also among the first cities in Russia 300 million hot meals, 50 million of which to pioneer green building standards and were free for children from poor families. The Kazan government also sought to The concept of blagoustroistvo (the brought in environmentally friendly buses improve the city’s environment and boost beautification of public services or that slashed harmful emissions. Within just The Kazan government also upgraded the its well-being and health. Lagging at 45th infrastructure) was made a major priority five years, Kazan catapulted from 45th place city’s youth clubs, offering free activities that place in the ecological rating of the biggest for the wider Tatarstan region. Spearheaded to 7th place in Russia’s environmental ranking have been crucial in pulling young people Russian cities, Kazan had to shake off its drab by Natalia Fishman-Bekmambetova, who of cities. off the streets. Over 5,000 children, teens industrial image—one choked with cars, air was appointed in 2015 as presidential and young adults under 35 years old take pollution and few green public spaces. part in activities at the city’s youth clubs,

01 The opening of a pump track in Gorkinskо-Ometyevsky Forest added new play areas for young riders. 02 Playground in Gorkinskо-Ometyevsky Forest for children to play in nature. 65 city focus

Within just five years, Kazan catapulted from 45th place to 7th place in Russia’s environmental ranking of cities.

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Breathing New Life Back into Kazan From 2006 to 2018, the Today, its citizens and officials proudly proportion of citizens call Kazan the “Third Capital of Russia”, actively participating in a title granted by the Russian Patent Office in 2009. sports and recreation grew from less than From 2006 to 2018, the proportion of 10% to 42%. citizens actively participating in sports and recreation grew from less than 10% to 42%. Average life expectancy increased to 75 years, above the national average, while Prize in the same year. In November 2019, the mortality rate fell by 19%. In a signal the city was recognised by the Financial of renewed confidence in the city’s future, University under the Government of the ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 the number of registered marriages has Russian Federation as having the best increased by 1.5 times, and there are 2.3 living standards in the country. times more children born in Kazan today than in 2000. “The infrastructure solutions are changing the life of cities. At the same In 2018, it was shortlisted for the time, people also change—they begin Guangzhou International Award for to believe in themselves and in Urban Innovation and earned a special tomorrow,” Mayor Metshin said about mention for the Lee Kuan Yew World City the city’s development.

01 Citizens of all ages enjoy the picturesque Kolomenskoye Kazan Garden. 02 Mass sports events like marathons have become commonplace in Kazan. 67 case study

CASE STUDY

Toyama | Compact City A Return to Vitality

ities approaching population decline and rapid ageing can look to C Toyama, a pioneer in tackling these challenges, for solutions. Under its holistic compact city policy, Toyama invested in public transport, created a walkable and vibrant city, and implemented ageing policies that encourage healthy, sociable seniors. Sprawling Toyama City was ageing and overly reliant on cars.

The Challenge

When Masashi Mori was elected mayor of The city’s car-dependent nature—Toyama Toyama in 2005, he was confronted with had the second-highest car ownership the herculean task of managing urban rate in Japan in 2009—also eroded public sprawl and an ageing population in the transport services. The high reliance on coastal city located on Japan’s main island cars and scattered city structure led to TOYAMA

of Honshu. an overall 15.7% jump in carbon dioxide ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 emissions between 1990 and 2005 across Young people were leaving the urban industry, households, business and city centre for more affordable suburbs, transport divisions. creating the phenomenon of akiya (vacant homes). They city was also suffering from a Mayor Mori and his team had to act fast shrinking population caused by persistent to prevent the city’s decline. The Compact low birth rates and high life expectancy. If City Strategy, unveiled in 2008, aimed to left unaddressed, 30% of its population revamp Toyama’s public transport system

would comprise senior citizens by 2030. and bring life back to the city centre. Toh Ee Ming is a freelance journalist who contributes to the South China Morning Post and the Xinhua News Agency, covering society, politics and culture. 69 case study

The Solution

Toyama’s goal was to become a “city of short with the network carrying some 4,900 To entice citizens back to the city centre, distances”, which would be achieved by passengers daily—above the projected 3,400 Toyama carved out specific residential building a resilient infrastructure network to passengers—and reduced greenhouse gas zones, providing each one with essential allow citizens to easily shuttle between the city emissions. The city’s population was engaged services like supermarkets, schools and Over 120 regional town centre, suburbs and rural areas. throughout the process. Over 120 regional hospitals. Public transport services meetings were held, as town meetings were held, as Mayor Mori to these districts were also improved Mayor Mori explained Crucial to this strategy was the city’s tram explained the rationale of the strategy to to boost connectivity, with subsidies network, which opened in 2006. Under the residents to gain their support. The city also offered to those who moved into the the rationale of the plan, its route was extended to circulate the raised funds from locals and businesses to city centre or the residential zones. strategy to residents to city centre. The project was a huge success, improve and maintain the tram network. In a move to beautify its trams and gain their support. inner city, Mayor Mori introduced free travel on public transport to anyone carrying a bouquet of flowers. The city also partnered with French advertising seniors, seniors can engage in strength giant JCDecaux to introduce a city-wide training, gymnastics, enjoy steam baths bicycle sharing system. and even try water aerobics in an onsen. Meanwhile, Toyama’s integrated daycare Toyama introduced ageing policies that centres like Konoyubi Tomare cater to the encouraged senior to lead active and elderly, young people and special needs independent lives, while making the individuals all in one facility, offering city more accessible and senior-friendly. daycare services, short stays, job training With a special travel pass, seniors can and recreational activities. As of 2016, travel in and out of the city via tram Toyama had 47 of such facilities. for 100 yen (S$1.25), and grandparents and their grandchildren receive free The private sector is also trying to entry to museums, zoos and other cater to an ageing population. Toyama’s attractions. This led to a 13% increase supermarkets have dedicated more in city facility use from 2011 to 2013. spaces for adult diapers and ready-made The city was also revitalised with more meals that can be easily chewed, while older people socialising outdoors. To convenience chain stores like Lawson encourage its seniors to walk more, provide comfortable seating areas, blood Toyama launched the Let’s Walk pressure monitors and counselling programme, where leaders take groups services for seniors. Malls like Aeon offer of seniors on long walks throughout affordable food for seniors, organise

the city and the countryside. special events and train staff to recognise ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 dementia symptoms. Supermarkets have Toyama also has unique preventive care also introduced mobile services to remote and advanced care facilities geared at neighbourhoods, giving elderly living in keeping its seniors in tip-top health, to these areas access to household products curb the costs of increased long-term and fresh food. Technology was also nursing care and lessen the burden used to improve the lives of seniors, and on future generations. For example, at initiatives include robot companions in Kadokawa Care Prevention Centre, the retirement homes, to sensors that keep a city’s first fitness and rehab facility for close eye on elderly living alone.

01 01 Integrated daycare centres allow interaction and bonding between young and old. 71 case study

The city has successfully reversed the trend of the urban The Outcome

Thanks to Mayor Mori’s “all carrots, no of participation in senior citizen’s clubs centre hollowing out and created sticks” approach, Toyama’s long-term vision, in the country—42.5%, compared strong partnership among city stakeholders to the national average of 14.4%, Japan’s most accessible and and introduction of creative solutions, the according to the Ministry of Health, city has successfully reversed the trend of Labour and Welfare. the urban centre hollowing out and created senior-friendly city. Japan’s most accessible and senior-friendly Its compact city efforts have garnered city. Between 2005 and 2017, the share strong interest from other Japanese of residents living in the city centre and and global cities. In 2008, Toyama was other designated residential zones grew designated an Environmental Model from 28% to 38.6%. The city aims to hit City by the Japanese government, and 42% by 2024, and is working on additional in 2012, it was among the first cities measures such as subsidised housing worldwide to be recognised by the construction for those living within 500 m OECD for its compact city policies. 01 of tram stations. More significantly, in 2017, Toyama Mayor Mori is also proud of how the city was the first Japanese city to make promotes strong face-to-face interaction: the Rockefeller Foundation’s global 99% of all residents live within a 2-km list of 100 Resilient Cities, alongside radius of a branch office of city hall, Barcelona, Los Angeles and Sydney. while 88% live near a social services provider—more than any other Japanese Under Resilient Toyama, a city. Toyama has managed to maintain a comprehensive strategic roadmap high quality of life despite its high density. to promote city resilience, its vision Toyama’s Grand Plaza, an open space for 2050 is just as ambitious and far- with a large glass roof at the heart of the sighted. Toyama continues to aim to be a city’s commercial district, is now a focal vibrant city of innovation that promotes gathering point that hosts over 100 events high-quality, environmentally friendly annually. The city also has the highest level living with strong community bonds.

01 Events held at Toyama’s Grand Plaza bring citizens together. 73 case study

CASE STUDY

Singapore | HortPark At Play in Nature

lay serves an important function in a child’s development. Nature also has positive effects on our mental well-being. With these in mind, the NationalP Parks Board designed the Nature Playgarden at HortPark to tap the power of both play and nature to improve the growth and health of children.

The Opportunity A standard playground at a housing estate in Singapore. In the past few decades, research studies Outdoor play has been have shown that young children learn better through play. Outdoor play, in associated with helping particular, has been associated with children learn better in helping children learn better in all all domains. domains. The development of their cognitive, social-emotional, language or motor skills is enhanced when they and living things, biophilia explains why play in a natural setting. There is also people feel happier when they are in a evidence of the therapeutic value of natural environment. ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 nature, including faster healing and pain alleviation in surgery patients, improved Singapore already has an extensive concentration in children with attention green network, and playgrounds are a SINGAPORE deficit hyperactivity disorder, and common feature in the country’s parks improved immunity, stress reduction and and gardens. However, these playgrounds better emotional well-being in children are usually made of plastic, metal and and adults. Supporting these findings rubber and characterised by standardised is the concept of biophilia. Defined as equipment that directs the play activities

the innate affinity of humans for nature of children. Valerie Chew is an adjunct editor for the Centre for Liveable Cities. 75 case study

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The Initiative

Keen to tap deeper into the nature-human The 0.35-ha (3,500 m2) playgarden is lit The playgarden utilises the location’s uneven play features were designed to encourage ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 connection, the National Parks Board entirely by sunlight and the ground is covered terrain and is set amid abundant greenery. As children to play freely with nature, with plenty (NParks) opened the Nature Playgarden at with sand, gravel, wood chips, soil and grass children play, their senses would be stimulated of room for them to run around, exercise HortPark in March 2019. This biophilic and instead of rubberised safety flooring. About not only by what they see and touch but their motor skills and challenge themselves naturalised playground encourages children 99% of the playgarden is made from recycled also by the sounds and smells of nature in physically. Children can also play imaginatively to explore, discover and appreciate nature. natural materials, with the steel used in a their surroundings. They would also be able and creatively with natural materials such as Created specifically for children aged 3 to tunnel forming the remaining 1%. Though to observe the animals inhabiting the area, pebbles, sticks and dried leaves found around 6 years old, it allows direct connections to reinforced with steel to prevent it from caving including the Straw-headed Bulbul and the the playgarden. nature through seeing, touching, hearing in, the tunnel has an outer layer of wood to Common Parasol dragonfly. The playgarden’s and smelling natural elements, providing make it look natural. both larger areas that convey feelings of spaciousness as well as smaller spaces that serve as a shelter and create a sense of risk 01 An overview of HortPark’s layout. and mystery. 02 At The Stream, children interact with water as it flows through a series of channels carved from logs and observe how different materials float or sink in the water. 77 case study

As children play, they also build skills and improve their well-being.

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The Outcome

The Nature Playgarden provides children Here, children interact 01 with an immersive, multi-sensory with their surroundings experience of playing freely amid nature spontaneously in their using whatever nature provides. Here, children interact with their surroundings own way, without spontaneously in their own way, without external direction. external direction. The playgarden also allows children to reap the mental health benefits of spending time in nature, such guidelines will help preschools, private as reduced stress and improved mood. developers and government agencies As children play, they also build skills and design nature playgardens. improve their well-being. NParks plans to build new nature Teachers and parents have given the playgardens in other parks and playgarden positive reviews, and NParks gardens over the next two years, is now working to create more nature including at the Gallop extension playgardens in Singapore. Using the of the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Nature Playgarden as a test site, NParks It will also be enhancing existing ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 is gathering information that will be playgrounds with biophilic design used to develop guidelines as part of its features. With more nature Biophilic Playgarden Plan, which aims playgardens across Singapore, NParks to encourage preschool-aged children hopes that children across the island to spend more time outdoors in nature. will develop a lifelong love for nature To be completed by early 2020, the and grow up healthier and happier.

01 At The Singing Seeds, children explore the sounds made by hanging bamboo poles of various sizes, which create different pitched chimes as the children move them. 02 Children crawl or climb over the logs as they make their way across The Log Valley and rest in a bamboo grove at The Secret Den. 79 case study

CASE STUDY

Vancouver | Cycling Infrastructure Cycling as a Way of Life

n its route to achieving bike-friendly status, Vancouver has O successfully dealt with challenges such as bikelash and climate change. Its secret? An inclusive design blueprint catering to all ages and abilities, known as “Triple A”.

The Challenge Cyclists participating in the June 2007 Critical Mass bike ride in Vancouver to promote safe urban bike use and push for more bike lanes. In 1996, the Vancouver City Council The increasing popularity proposed to convert one of the car lanes of cycling meant that the along Burrard Bridge into a bike lane. What was intended as a six-month trial safety of both cyclists and lasted only a week. motorists had become a

Marked by just traffic cones and police crucial issue for the city. VANCOUVER tape, the lane did not inspire confidence as a safety barrier. Traffic clogged the made its way to the city council and

roads upon the lane’s opening, providing was rejected for fear of a repeat of the ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 additional fodder for bikelash—hostility negative public reaction of 1996. towards cyclists due to the increased presence of bicycles on streets. At the same time, reducing car emissions was becoming a bigger issue because The increasing popularity of cycling of the increasing awareness of climate meant that the safety of both cyclists and change. For policymakers, this posed motorists had become a crucial issue for a challenge and an opportunity: the city. In 2005, another proposal for a accounting for the health of residents as

separated bike lane along Burrard Bridge well as the environment. Simon Vincent is a content strategist at editorial consultancy Tuber Productions. 81 case study

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The Solution

In 2008, Burrard Bridge became the focus Instead of closing an inbound car lane in the way of cyclists at an intersection Traditional cycling facilities, like shared ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 of attention again, when then-Mayor Gregor or two like in previous proposals, the new connecting to the downtown core. In 2017, use lanes on major streets, tend to appeal Robertson proposed replacing a car lane plan converted a single outbound car lane the city reworked the intersection as part of to people who are comfortable travelling with a protected bike lane. Critics predicted into a bike lane. Mayor Robertson’s plan a C$35 million (S$36.5 million) upgrade. in traffic. However, as noted in the city’s this would lead to traffic congestion and also turned one of the two pedestrian official design guidelines from 2017, public unhappiness. lanes on each side of the bridge into a bike These infrastructure changes have proceeded “bikeways on quiet streets, protected bike lane, meaning that remaining foot traffic in tandem with the city’s “all ages and abilities” lanes and off-street pathways appeal to These fears did not materialise when the bike converged into one lane. A sturdy barricade, design principle, also known as “Triple A”. people who are interested in cycling but lane officially opened in 2009. There was instead of cones, separated cyclists from This means making cycling safe and convenient concerned for their safety”. smooth traffic flow and no significant incidents motorists and pedestrians. for everyone, from children to seniors. of bikelash. Tracing the evolution of the bridge, urban media outlet CityLab attributed its Nevertheless, the city had to deal with success to a “smarter bike lane plan”. unforeseen issues, such as cars getting

01 On Burrard Bridge, a barricaded bike lane was installed to separate traffic and protect the safety of pedestrians, cyclists and motorists. 83 case study AAA Network Protected Bike Lane ant an Sharrow (Shared Roadway) The most comfortable parts of the network are Indicates a roadway shared with motor vehicles. The arrow People cycling are protected from motor shows where a people cycling should generally position

ortable designated as All-Ages-and-Abilities (AAA) Bicycle vehicles by physical barriers such as planters, TE themselves curbs, or bollards; also includes o©-street paths which are emphasized by the yellow highlighted Indicates a bicycle route or lane

om f BRIDGE routes. The AAA Network is a connected series LIONS GA t C of mostly protected bike lanes and some local Bicycle with Arrow Indicates the bike route direction is changing

Mo s 30 street bikeways with lower tra¤c volumes. Local Street Bikeway km/ h Special Reserved Lane Indicates a reserved lane for the People cycling share the roadway with Map Symbols devices noted on associated signs or with motor vehicles on a relatively quiet Moderate Uphill Route pavement markings. When combined Bicycle Pathway neighbourhood street with a bicycle this symbol indicates Indicates an o©-street cycling pathway PIPELINE RD a dedicated bicycle lane. People egend Steep Uphill Route Beaver Lake cycling in the City of Vancouver are e L

S T One Way Bike Route A allowed to ride in these lanes. N L ou t E Painted Bike Lane Y Shared Pathway P R A R K Mobi Station Zone C A Indicates an o©-street pathway shared by people walking and A portion of the roadway is designated for U S STANLEY EW (boundary contains all public bike A people cycling, typically located between a Y PARK cycling curb/parking lane and a driving lane share stations, including Downtown & Stanley Park)

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M R E 34TH A W 37TH A E 35TH AVE S VE VE W 3 Gardens Oak R HORLEY S Joyce- 7th A A ve O Kensington EARLES S E RUPER

S Meadows R Collingwood

E 36TH AVE Park M F D E 35TH A Park VE W 38TH AVE M Cartier N I E 36TH A T E 37th Ave O VE E Park

C S W Norquay AIRMONT S W MARINE DR V Collingwood

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W 5 Y V 3RD AVE W 53RD A Sunset R VE U R r L

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F W 54TH A L VE H L W 55TH A VE S E 53RD A V A Langara VE E 53RD AVE

B McCleery T Golf Course W 55TH A S E 54TH AVE VE Golf Course E 54TH AVE E E 54TH AVE I E 55TH AVE

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V A W 58TH AVE W 59TH AVE E 57TH AVE e R Captain Cook DEERING ISLAND PL N Upland Drive

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N D W 60TH A W 59th Ave E 58TH AVE e

R VE C v BONNYVALE AVE E 58TH AVE T Ross

T A T

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T VE YEW S E S L W 62ND A Park D D U VE L O T S R

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R A N Bobolink E I S U Identifies the area where people biking may be S Park

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A crossing to provide wayfinding along protected bike D E 62ND A VE N E 62ND A G

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E SCARBORO AVE D W 6 K 3rd A R ve R W 63RD AVE S

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E F

A R E 63RD A A VE U C E 63RD A MUIRFIELD DR Fraserview I VE

lanes at intersections. D

George O N Bicycle Signal H Holy S W 64th Ave I QUALICUM DR Golf Course

B Riverview A

P

W Marine Driv I R Park Family

T SE MARINE DR Park PRINCE ALBER E 64TH A O VE R P

S Hospital

S Dedicated signal for O FRA O SERVIEW DR

T

T T I

C

S

R

I W 67th Ave R Everett

A

E V BONACCORD D Green Paint T Crowley people cycling R SH S I HARRISON DR CAPT N W 68TH A A Park

H VE

O S Marine Drive SE MARINE DR Highlights potential conflict areas with motor AIN'S C T E 69TH AVE e L W 69TH AVE I TH E K

W W 70TH A V NOR W 70TH AVE W MARINE DR VE E KENT A ent A SOUTHSIDE DR vehicles. Commonly used along protected bike lanes O T S VE S v E e North

E

G Fraser L W 71ST AVE TH

L VE NOR e South D River I v

at intersections and driveways. I W 71ST AVE E KENT A E Kent A E KENT A Park V Turning Left Using a Bike Box R VE NOR

N

B

TH A VE SOUTH E KENT A T

R

E E

1) Go straight through the intersection G 2 E G

R

D

SHA I Bicycle Box T

R

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when the signal is green and wait in the

B

UGHNES VE SOUTH E T

E Indicates where people cycling should position 1 N H Disclaimer of responsibility: I

L

G

L

W KENT A I

C turn box

Y N A This map is produced as a guide to cycling routes in the

S K Marpole C themselves at a red signal, allowing them to turn D Y S - Bus Loop A 2) Proceed left across the intersection N City of Vancouver. The City, its employees, o¤cers, directors O T N AK S A I left, right, or go straight in advance of other A R 0 1 km C and representatives do not guarantee the accuracy of the when the signal changes T

TREET BRIDGE S

vehicles. E information contained therein nor warrant the safety of any

D

E

P route, highway, road, street, designated cycling route or other shown in the map or information.

THUR LAING BRIDGE © 2019 City of Vancouver R

A

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The guidelines also note the usefulness of integrated rainwater management systems for Together with these policy changes, non- landscaping and urban design elements as growing trees. Rain gardens were constructed government actors have also done their part to “traffic calming measures”. This connects to collect run-off from surrounding streets promote cycling as a healthy and sustainable with the other aspect of Vancouver’s cycling along 63rd Avenue and Yukon Street Plaza. mode of transportation. In 2007, Mia Kohout, plan: sustainability. the editor of cycling publication Momentum The city introduced natural ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 Explaining the thinking behind this, the Mag, launched Bike to Work Week. In 2011, Vancouver launched its Greenest City city’s green infrastructure planner Cameron elements along the streets Action Plan to create “compact neighborhoods Owen told the Sightline Institute: “We want The event, advocating for residents to to create a pleasant with higher density to provide easy access to to make it so that every time we build a cycle to work, attracted over 1,000 new work, shopping and recreation”, making it street [or] add a bike lane...we look for the cyclists in its inaugural year, according to and inviting cycling easier to do away with cars. The city introduced opportunity to put in a rain garden, tree community newspaper Vancouver Courier. It experience for cyclists. natural elements along the streets to create a trench or structural soils that collect water has since become a popular annual event for pleasant and inviting cycling experience for and support tree growth.” businesses to show their support for cycling cyclists. For instance, streets were built with culture and infrastructure.

01 The City of Vancouver provides an annual cycling and guiding map that details all bikeways and greenways for people 02 Cyclists riding on the dedicated bike lanes, which help to reduce road danger in Vancouver. of all ages and abilities. 85 case study

One of Vancouver’s goals is for two-thirds of trips to be completed by active transportation by 2030.

02

01

The Outcome

Today, Burrard Bridge sees more than one on the city’s ongoing transportation million bike crossings a year, and is one of goals. One of Vancouver’s goals is for the busiest bike lanes in North America. two-thirds of trips to be completed by active transportation by 2030. It is an Business leader and critic-turned-supporter ambitious but fitting aim considering of cycling Charles Gauthier told CBC News that in 2017, three years ahead of a in 2019: “We couldn’t have predicted how previous goal, 50% of trips in Vancouver popular cycling would become if you made were from active transportation. it safer for people.” For cities worried about bikelash when Cycling initiatives have received added implementing transportation and impetus since the city published the sustainability initiatives, Vancouver has Climate Emergency Report in early 2019 shown that designing for safety and to tackle climate change. The report builds inclusivity can make all the difference.

01 The scenic Stanley Park offers cyclists an enjoyable cycling experience in downtown Vancouver. 02 The separated bike lanes along Dunsmuir Street allow riders to commute safely during rush hour. s a writer who sees the world through design. through world the sees who writer a s

i Zhuang Justin

a physical expression of this vision. this of expression physical a experience social isolation as they they as isolation social experience

elderly households in Singapore may may Singapore in households elderly Singapore’s first retirement village—is village—is retirement first Singapore’s

more people staying single, more more single, staying people more of society. Kampung Admiralty— Kampung society. of

trend of smaller nuclear families and and families nuclear smaller of trend and are cared as integral members members integral as cared are and

and social services. Coupled with the the with Coupled services. social and can realise their fullest potential potential fullest their realise can

such as rising demand for healthcare healthcare for demand rising as such

place to grow old in, and where seniors seniors where and in, old grow to place

SINGAPORE

population has implications for society, society, for implications has population ensure Singapore remains an attractive attractive an remains Singapore ensure

over 900,000 seniors. An ageing ageing An seniors. 900,000 over Action Plan for Successful Ageing to to Ageing Successful for Plan Action

by 2030 when it is estimated to have have to estimated is it when 2030 by In 2015, the city-state introduced the the introduced city-state the 2015, In

ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 • JAN ISSUE 16 double will proportion This older.

1 in 8 Singaporeans were aged 65 or or 65 aged were Singaporeans 8 in 1 cut off from society. from off cut

Singapore is ageing. In 2015, some some 2015, In ageing. is Singapore struggle to live independently or are are or independently live to struggle

The Challenge Challenge The

A

health, and even play with their grandchildren—all at their doorstep. their at grandchildren—all their with play even and health,

t Kampung Admiralty, seniors can join a mass exercise, check on their their on check exercise, mass a join can seniors Admiralty, Kampung t Singapore has to quickly respond to the trend of an ageing population. ageing an of trend the to respond quickly to has Singapore

Number of Singapore’s working-age citizens has peake has citizens working-age Singapore’s of Number

Source: National Population and Talent Division Talent and Population National Source: TODAY

2005 2000 2030 2025 2020 2015 2010

440K

220K

900K

1:8

1:5

1:2

1.9M 1.9M

Ageing Well Together Well Ageing

2.2M

Citizens aged 65 and older and 65 aged Citizens 20-64 aged Citizens

Singapore | Kampung Admiralty Kampung | Singapore

Number of working-age citizens has peaked has citizens working-age of Number

By Kelly NG Kelly

CASE STUDY CASE Singapore feeling impact of rapidly ageing population ageing rapidly of impact feeling Singapore

case study 87 89 case study

The Solution

Completed in 2017 by the Housing and To encourage residents to be active, Development Board (HDB) together Kampung Admiralty incorporates a with other public agencies, Kampung range of services in the development, Admiralty combines public housing including a two-storey medical centre, a apartments with a wide variety of lifestyle supermarket, cafes and other retail stores. services and public amenities in a single A Community Plaza on the ground floor integrated development. These different allows for mass exercises, bazaars and functions are stacked one on top of cultural events. It also connects to an another to create an 11-storey “vertical MRT station, inviting the public into the village” just for seniors. development to enjoy spaces such as its 900-seat food court on the second floor. The entire development is designed with the elderly in mind. Residents aged 55 In these ways, Kampung Admiralty and above live in two towers of studio attracts the entire neighbourhood to apartments that sit atop Kampung make it lively for all. “Kampung Admiralty Admiralty. The units are installed with shows that co-locating multiple uses that senior-friendly features, including grab everyone needs…makes life easier for bars, slip-proof flooring, retractable the whole neighbourhood. But what clothes-drying racks in the kitchen makes them want to stay and spend time and alarms to notify neighbours in an together, share a meal, participate in emergency. “Buddy benches” are also activities and get to know new friends installed at the entrances of each unit to is that the building is open, friendly, encourage residents to socialise. comfortable, accessible and very green. 01 The convenience draws people in, and the Efforts to promote social bonding atmosphere makes people want to stay, ” continue at a community garden below shares Wong Mun Summ, co-founder the apartment blocks. An Active Ageing of WOHA, the architectural firm that Hub offers residents opportunities to designed the development. interact through activities such as line dancing and a weekly cooking session that uses produce from the community garden. Next to the hub is a childcare centre that regularly organises activities An Active Ageing for both generations to come together Hub offers residents through storytelling and craft workshops. ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 Unlike other hubs that charge a opportunities to membership fee, the hub at Kampung interact through Admiralty lets seniors participate in its activities such as line activities for free if they volunteer for at least three hours a week. This could dancing and a weekly include helping the centre with care cooking session. duties for frail seniors or organising activities for fellow retirees.

01 Two towers of studio apartments have been set aside for older residents in Kampung Admiralty. 02 Intergenerational programmes provide opportunities for the young and old to interact. 02 91 case study

The entire development is designed with the elderly in mind. The Outcome

Since the first residents moved in two She told TODAY newspaper: “My life years ago, Kampung Admiralty has has changed…Now I’ve lost 8 kg and proved to be a model for ageing-in- my doctor said it was a miracle that my place. According to a survey of 46 diabetes got so much better.” senior residents, their quality of life—in terms of finding meaning or feeling Kampung Admiralty’s integrated empowered—has improved by 8%. approach to caring for seniors has also impressed those from overseas. In 2018, One reason may be the many activities the World Architecture Festival named 01 organised by the development’s Active it the Building of the Year because the Ageing Hub. According to the director jury felt it offered lessons for cities of the hub, 1 in 5 residents take part and countries around the world. In in its activities. For retiree Poo Chee a statement, the award’s programme Chiang and his wife, the hub has even director, Paul Finch, said the project become like a second home as they was admirable for how it “dealt with spend up to five days a week there. He the universal condition of longevity told LabourBeat, a website on workers and health treatments, social housing in Singapore: “There is a big group of provision, and commercial space, people here...with a lot of energy. If we which enabled substantial public were to do things on our own, it becomes realm benefits”. easy to lose interest.” But the best endorsement has come from The hub has also boosted the health Singapore’s commitment to develop and of nearby residents like Linda Ng. replicate the model across the country. By Through activities in the hub, she learnt 2026, a similar retirement village will be ISSUE 16 • JAN 2020 how to eat healthily, exercises more built in the neighbourhood of Yew Tee, and is no longer cooped up at home. and more are expected to follow.

01 Kampung Admiralty’s community plaza is a vibrant place that draws people together. anc an onanc oa Leading Liveable Cities | 15 June – 4 July 2020

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