FIRSTNATIONS WATER RIGHTS IN BRITISHCOLUMBIA

A Historical Summary of the rights of the Kwakiu t 1 First Nation

Management and Standards Branch Copy

NOT TO BE REMOVED FROM THE OFFICE

WATER BC our vital re5ource BRITISH Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks COLUMBIA WATER RIGHTS IN BAITISH COLUMBIA:

A Historical Summary of the rights of the Kwakiutl First Nation

Research and writing by: Christina Rocha I Edit by: Miranda Griffith

Review by: Gary W. Robinson Prepared for publication: June, 2000 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Rocha, Christina. First Nations water rights in . A historical summary of the rights of the Kwakiutl First Nation

ISBN 0-7726-4300-8

1. Water rights - British Columbia - Indian Reserve No. 1. 2. Kwakiutl Indians - British Columbia - Beaver Harbour Region - Government relations. I. Griffith, Miranda. 11. Robinson, Gary W. 111. British Columbia. Water Management Branch. IV. Title. V. Title: Historical summary of the rights of the Kwakiutl First Nation.

KEB529.5.W3R655 2000 346.71104'32 COO-96023 6-4 KF8210.W38R655 2000 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks wishes to acknowledge three partners whose contributions were invaluable in the completion of the Aboriginal Water Rights Report Series:

The Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs, was a critical source of funding, support and direction for this project.

The U-Vic Geography Co-op Program, was instrumental in providing the staffing resources needed to undertake this challenging task. Through the services of June Whitmore and her office, the project benefited from the research, writing, editing and co-ordination of these outstanding students:

Jas Gill Christina Rocha Julie Steinhauer Rachel Abrams Kelly Babcock Elizabeth Lee Daniella Mops Sara Cheevers Miranda Griffith

The services of Clover Point Cartographics Limited of Victoria, was responsible for the preparation of most of the map drawings, which form a valuable part of these documents.

In addition to these three key partners, I must acknowledge the valuable contributions of other Water Management staff,past and present, including Jack Farrell, Jim Mattison, Richard Penner, Diana Jolly, Greg Blaney, Gary Lucas and Kim Johnston.

The sheer numbers of First Nations groups’ with histories of water rights made the completion of the Report Series seem, at times, prolonged. The determination, patience and vision of the partners was essential in the completion of the Series and is gratefully acknowledged.

Gary Robinson Project Manager Water Management Branch TABLE OF CONTENTS

LOCATION ...... 1

WATER ALLOCATIONS ...... 2

HISTORY, CURRENT STATUS, AND NOTES...... 2

FORT RUPERT 1 History ...... 2 Notes ...... 3

OTHER INFORMATION...... , ...... 3

ATTACHMENTS UNDER THE FOLLOWING INDEX TABS:

TAB NO.

1 TABLE: Summary of Water Records for the Kwakiutl Band

2 RECORD OF MINUTES OF DECISIONS AGBC No. 590456.

3 COPY OF SUMMARY OF WATER PROTECTION RECORDS FOR FIRST NATIONS.

4 MAP: Kwakiutl Band - two 1:50,000 map showing all the Kwakiutl Band Reserves. - one 1:250,000 map showing all the Kwakiutl Band Reserves. FIRST NATIONS WATER RIGHTS REPORT

BAND: Kwakiutl Band

ADDRESS: P.O. Box 1440, Port Hardy, B.C., VON 2PO

CHIEF: Chief David Hunt

PHONE: 949-60 12 FAX 949-6066

AFFILIATION: Kwakiutl District Council

LOCATION:

The Kwakiutl Band occupy 295.4 hectares in land in the Port Hardy District Municipality. The land is divided between eight reserves. The reserves’ are known as:

Fort Rupert 1 Keogh 6 Kippase 2 Klickseewy 7 Malcolm Island 8 Shell Island 3 Thomas Point 5 Thomas Point 5A

Of the 8 reserves, there are records of water allocations existing for Fort Rupert Reserve No. 1 only. Fort Rupert Reserve No.1 is situated on the shores of Beaver Harbor, east of

Kippase 2. /

The most recent population figures compiled by the Ministry of Finance report that the Kwakiutl Band has 280 persons living on-reserve, and 652 persons living off-reserve. Their total registered population is reported as 537.

The eight reserves of the Kwakiutl Band are classified as occurring in the Coastal Western Hemlock Biogeoclimatic Zone. The reserves occur at elevations ranging from sea level to 200 feet above mean sea level, and experience a climate in which average daily temperatures range from lows in the order of -5 degrees centigrade in January to highs of less than 16 degrees centigrade in July. Average annual rainfall for the area totals between 100 and 250 centimetres. .

Kwakiutl First Nation Water Rights Report 2

WATER ALLOCATIONS:

There are no records of any allocations made by either the Lieutenant Governor-in- Council (by Order-in-Council), the Board of Investigation, or by the granting of water licenses in response to Federal Government applications. No actions to amend, cancel or record as abandoned licensed rights, pursuant to provisions in the Water Act, have occurred with respect to the Kwakiutl Band.

The water rights of the Band have been determined by only one action of government:

1) Allotments by Indian Reserve Commissioners. Following confederation, the Province and the Dominion established an Indian Reserve Commission to reserve lands for the Indians and to facilitate the transfer of those lands to the Dominion. In setting apart lands for reserves, the Reserve Commissioners made it their practice to allot water with the lands. It is understood that this practice was unique among Indian Reserves in Canada and the authority of these Commissioners to allot water rights has always been disputed by the Province.

HISTORY, CURRENT STATUS AND NOTES:

The history of water rights, the current status of rights, and notes for the Kwakiutl Band with respect to an unnamed stream are as follows:

FORT RUPERT 1

July 27,1880 A Minute of Decision of the Indian Reserve Commission allocated the following for the use of the Kwakiutl Band on Fort Rupert 1:

“The Indians to have prior right to all water required for household or other purposesfrom the stream flowing through the Fort Kilc? gardens. Also in the well upon the piece of land known as the R.C. Mission claim.”

The location and water source described in this Minute of Decision, in relation to the present area, is unclear. No conclusions regarding the intended source can be made.

Kwakiutl First Nation Water Rights Report 3

Votes:

I. The Kwakiutl Band’s prior right to water allotted by the Indian Reserve Commission has not been formally recognized by the Province. It may be difficult to implement the allocation as it was intended by the Commission, as the source and location of the water in relation to present conditions, is not clear.

OTHER INFORMATION:

Groundwater Records:

A review of well records maintained by the MELP - Groundwater Section found that no wells have been reported on any of the Kwakiutl reserves.

As provision of well information to the Groundwater Section is voluntary this review should not be assumed to be complete.

Alternate Water Sources:

Reports on the water consumption in 1995 indicate that the District of Port Hardy experienced a peak daily demand in excess of 295,266,000 imperial gallons, which is within their licensed maximum daily allowance for waterworks.

Water Protection Records:

Water Protection Section records indicate that bank improvement work exists along .09 kilometres of Beaver Harbor, within Fort Rupert Reserve No. 1. The records state that all banks protection works are maintained by the Band.

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Kwakiutl First Nation Water Rights Report

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