Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO) Update

Lindley Johnson Program Executive / Planetary Defense Officer Science Mission Directorate NASA HQ June 30, 2016 Chelyabinsk Event – 15 February 2013

• Natural object entering Earth’s atmosphere – Large meteoroids = small asteroids – Interest in any larger than 1 meter in size • Entry velocity much higher than re-entering space debris • Characteristic ionization trail and detonation • Chelyabinsk Event largest and most documented in recent decades – 17-19 meters in size, energy release equal to approximately 440 kilotons at 23 km altitude

February 15, 2013 1613 citizens injured ~$30 million damages 2 National Interest in Asteroid Hazard

“Threats from Space: A Review of U.S. Government Efforts to Track and Mitigate Asteroids and Meteors, Part 1’’ Congressional Hearing by the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (19 March 2013), Congressman Lamar Smith post-Chelyabinsk event General William Shelton — (R-Texas) — Chairman of U.S. then-Chief of the U.S. Air Force House of Representatives Space Command Committee on Science, Space, and Technology

“The Administration places a high priority on tracking asteroids and protecting our John Holdren, Director, Office of planet from them, as evidenced by the five-fold increase in the budget for NASA’s Science and Technology Policy, NEOO program since 2009. The United States has an effective program for discovering Science advisor to President larger NEOs, but we need to improve our capabilities for the identification and Barack Obama characterization of smaller NEOs.” Planetary Defense Coordination Office

This new office was recently established at NASA HQ to coordinate planetary defense related activities across NASA, and coordinate both US interagency and international efforts and projects to address and plan response to the asteroid impact hazard.

Planetary Defense Coordination Office Mission Statement:

Lead national and international efforts to: • Detect any potential for significant impact of planet Earth by natural objects • Appraise the range of potential effects by any possible impact • Develop strategies to mitigate impact effects on human welfare

4 Planetary Defense Coordination Office

Administrator Associate Administrator

Associate Administrator, Science Mission Directorate

Planetary Science Division Program Director

Lead Program Executive Public Communications Planetary Defense Officer Policy Development

NEO Observation Program Interagency and Mitigation Research Program Manager Emergency Response Program Officer(s) Program Scientist Program Officer(s) – SMPAG – Minor Planet Center/IAWN – Interagency coordination – ARM Gravity Tractor Demo – Center for NEO Studies @ JPL – Emergency Response planning – AIDA – Catalina Sky Survey – Interagency exercise – Short Warning Mitigation – Pan-STARRS – …….. – LINEAR/SST – IRTF – GSSR – NEOWISE – …….. Legacy Program (1998) NEO Observations Program

Detection and tracking of natural objects – asteroids and comets – that approach within 28 million miles of Earth’s orbit US component to International Asteroid Warning Network Has provided 98% of new detections of NEOs since 1998 Began with NASA commitment to House Committee on Science in May 1998 to find at least 90% of 1 km and larger NEOs . That goal reached by end of 2010 NASA Authorization Act of 2005 increased scope of objectives: • Amended National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 (“NASA Charter”) to add: ‘‘The Congress declares that the general welfare and security of the United States require that the unique competence of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration be directed to detecting, tracking, cataloguing, and characterizing near-Earth asteroids and comets in order to provide warning and mitigation of the potential hazard of such near-Earth objects to the Earth.’’ • Made NEO detection, tracking and research 1 of 7 explicitly stated purposes of NASA! • Provided additional direction: “…plan, develop, and implement a Near-Earth Object Survey program to detect, track, catalogue, and characterize the physical characteristics of near-Earth objects equal to or greater than 140 meters in diameter in order to assess the threat of such near-Earth objects to the Earth. It shall be the goal of the Survey program to achieve 90 percent completion of its near-Earth object catalogue within 15 years [by 2020]” 6

Known Near Earth Asteroid Population

As of 6/26/2016 14,474

Also 107 comets

1707 Potentially Hazardous Start of Asteroids NASA NEO Come within 5 “Program” million miles of Earth’s orbit

872 157 PHAs

7 Near Earth Asteroid Survey Status

*

*Harris & D’Abramo, “The population of near-Earth asteroids”, Icarus 257 (2015) 302–312, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.05.004 8 Near Earth Asteroid Survey Status

Initial Objective Accomplished

9 Near Earth Asteroid Survey Status

* Impact Devastation None City Region Continent Global

1908 Tunguska 2013 Chelyabinsk

KT Impact Killed Dinosaurs

*Study to Determine the Feasibility of Extending the Search for Near-Earth Objects to Smaller Limiting Diameters Report of the Near-Earth Object Science Definition Team, August 22, 2003, http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/neo/neoreport030825.pdf 10

Near Earth Asteroid Survey Status

To meet Current Objectives

> 1 km Objective Accomplished

11 Near Earth Asteroid Survey Status

If Population >= 140 meters in estimated size is ~ 25,500 = 100%

12 NASA’s NEO Search Program (Current Survey Systems) Minor Planet Center (MPC) • IAU sanctioned NEO-WISE • Int’l observation database • Initial orbit determination http://minorplanetcenter.net/ Center for NEO Studies @ JPL • Program coordination JPL • Precision orbit determination Sun-synch LEO • Automated SENTRY http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/ Catalina Sky Pan-STARRS LINEAR/SST Survey

UofAZ MIT/LL Uof HI Arizona & Australia 13 Soccoro, NM Haleakula, Maui Status of Minor Planet Center

• With PSD support, PDCO has begun discussions to attach MPC as a functional node to the Planetary Data System Small Bodies Node (SBN) • Working with SBN and CfA to have MPC on better footing by 2017 • PSD requested and just received proposal from SBN for MPC support beginning FY2017 • Anticipated benefits: 1. Ensure the MPC’s critical output is directly tied with NASA’s permanent archive of planetary data. 2. Provide a closer tie, which can be enhanced by added links in the archive, between the dynamical results produced by MPC and the physical results normally archived by PDS. Both are critical for understanding the hazard from NEOs and the two, complementary data types are needed by many researchers 3. Provides support to permanently archive physical observations submitted to MPC 4. Provide greater flexibility to hire staff to support MPC functions 5. Increases international collaboration through PDS’s participation in IPDA and in other relevant IAU Working Groups 14

Growth in Capability

As more capable telescopes are added, discoveries include more <140 meter NEOs 15 Discoveries for Current Objective

Discoveries of >140 meter NEOs is now about 1/3 of the total each year 16 Update on Upgrades

Catalina Sky Survey - Large-format camera upgrades for both survey telescopes. These camera upgrades will increase the field of view by a factor of 2.4x on the 0.7m Schmidt and 4.0x on the 1.5m. The latter was in operation for June 2016 and tripled the average monthly NEO discovery rate.

Pan-STARRS – PS-1 continues NEO search operations for 90% of its time. PS-2 found 5 NEOs in Fall 2015 during commissioning, but is now completing upgrades to bring it to full operational status, including a new focal plane for its CCD camera.

Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) - ATLAS-1 on Haleakala is now fully operational and routinely discovering new Near Earth Asteroids – 9 so far in 2015. It is still fitted with a corrector lens that has known optical problems, but a fix is in work. ATLAS-2 telescope to be delivered by August 2016 and installed in the Mauna Loa dome. http://www.fallingstar.com/updates.php 17

2016 HO3: A Quasi-moon for Earth

On 27 April 2016, the Pan-STARRS 1 survey telescope on Haleakalā, detected a “quasi-moon” of the Earth. This companion, designated 2016 HO3, is probably a small asteroid between 40 to 100 meters in size. Although looking from the Earth it may appear to orbit the planet, it actually is in a co-orbit with Earth about the Sun.

The Panoramic Survey Telescope & Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS 1) on Maui.

6 Plot of the librating orbit of 2016 HO3 over 60 years (1960-2020) 50 x 10 km relative to the Earth, presented in a rotating frame centered on the Earth and projected onto the ecliptic plane. From this perspective, this near-Earth asteroid appears to orbit the Earth; however, it actually orbits the Sun on a path very close to the Earth’s. 2016 HO3 never approaches closer than 14 million km nor ventures further than 40 million km away. It takes the Earth 365.24 days to orbit the Sun. 2016 HO3 currently makes one circuit in 365.93 days (about 16 hours longer than Earth). In terms of ∆v [the energy “Red Spot, Jr.” required to launch and rendevous a spacecraft], 2016 HO3 might make an interesting target to visit, as it is accessible(Oval BA)every year at less than 7 km/sec despite a 7.7°inclination with the ecliptic. Planetary Defense Coordination Office

Rapid Notification Process

19 NEOO Survey and Alert Process

Survey, Publish/ Correlate, Determine Observations and Detect, Update Rough Orbit Update Orbit & Report Results Radar Alerts to

PDCO

No Possible • MPC - PHO New PHO? Resolve of interest Routine Iterate Result • MPC - Processing Yes Differences Yes possible Publish close Publish approach Results No Results Impact • CNEOS - Potential No Impact? Still reports Possible? potential for impact Survey Systems Yes Precision Orbit • CNEOS - Minor Planet Center and Follow Up publishes Ctr NEO Studies @ JPL * Observations probability of

impact 20 * In parallel with NEODyS

“Close Approaches” in 2015

Object Close-Approach (CA) Date CA Distance Relative Designation Nominal Velocity Size # YYYY-mmm-DD HH:MM ± D_HH:MM (LD/AU)* (km/s) (meters) 1 (2015 SK7) 2015-Sep-22 21:44 ± < 00:01 0.07/0.00018 13.7 5 - 12 All objects detected 2 (2015 VY105) 2015-Nov-15 02:40 ± < 00:01 0.09/0.00023 17.4 3 - 7 Closer than Geosynchronous that passed between 3 (2015 DD1) 2015-Feb-17 07:38 ± < 00:01 0.10/0.00026 8.2 2 - 4 4 (2015 HD1) 2015-Apr-21 08:17 ± < 00:01 0.15/0.00040 16.0 10 - 22 Earth & Moon’s orbit 5 (2015 YJ) 2015-Dec-13 21:19 ± 00:03 0.19/0.00048 16.7 5 - 12 in CY 2015 6 (2015 PK) 2015-Aug-06 03:10 ± 00:03 0.21/0.00053 16.3 5 - 12 7 (2015 VU64) 2015-Nov-06 23:09 ± < 00:01 0.26/0.00067 4.5 2 - 4 8 (2015 DQ224) 2015-Feb-18 01:21 ± 01:42 0.28/0.00072 15.0 3 - 7 9 (2015 EO6) 2015-Mar-12 00:31 ± < 00:01 0.28/0.00073 23.8 2 - 4 10 (2015 GU) 2015-Apr-12 05:36 ± < 00:01 0.29/0.00074 11.7 5 - 12 11 (2015 TC25) 2015-Oct-13 07:32 ± < 00:01 0.29/0.00074 4.4 3 - 7 12 (2015 ET) 2015-Mar-10 16:42 ± < 00:01 0.33/0.00084 12.4 12 - 26 13 (2015 UM52) 2015-Oct-22 19:19 ± < 00:01 0.34/0.00087 7.9 7 - 18 14 (2015 AQ43) 2015-Jan-14 13:20 ± < 00:01 0.41/0.00105 12.5 5 - 12 15 (2015 BE511) 2015-Jan-20 13:06 ± < 00:01 0.42/0.00108 9.5 5 - 12 16 (2015 GL13) 2015-Apr-16 07:53 ± < 00:01 0.48/0.00124 14.0 5 - 12 17 (2015 LF) 2015-Jun-08 23:49 ± < 00:01 0.51/0.00132 16.8 12 - 26 18 (2015 WP2) 2015-Nov-20 01:43 ± < 00:01 0.60/0.00154 12.8 2 - 4 19 (2015 BP513) 2015-Jan-18 17:09 ± < 00:01 0.62/0.00160 7.8 12 - 26 20 (2015 VP64) 2015-Nov-05 09:15 ± < 00:01 0.73/0.00187 20.5 5 - 12 21 (2015 CH13) 2015-Feb-11 06:17 ± < 00:01 0.73/0.00189 15.3 5 - 12 22 (2015 KW121) 2015-May-23 18:02 ± < 00:01 0.74/0.00191 21.1 15 - 30 23 (2015 XY261) 2015-Dec-15 13:52 ± < 00:01 0.75/0.00193 11.9 10 - 22 24 (2015 JF1) 2015-May-15 11:52 ± < 00:01 0.81/0.00208 13.8 5 - 12 25 (2015 HG182) 2015-Apr-14 19:17 ± 00:01 0.86/0.00220 17.9 5 - 12 26 (2015 FM118) 2015-Mar-28 02:49 ± < 00:01 0.92/0.00238 8.8 5 - 12 27 (2015 FU344) 2015-Mar-16 05:50 ± < 00:01 0.99/0.00255 10.0 1 - 3 21 * LD= Lunar Distance, AU = Astronomical Unit = Distance to Sun “Close Approaches” to date in 2016

Object Close-Approach (CA) Date CA Distance Relative Designation Nominal Velocity Size # YYYY-mmm-DD HH:MM ± D_HH:MM (LD/AU)* (km/s) (meters) All objects detected 1 (2016 DY30) 2016-Feb-25 19:59 ± 00:02 0.04/9.6e-05 17.4 2 - 4 2 (2016 AH164) 2016-Jan-12 03:35 ± < 00:01 0.07/0.00018 8.6 3 - 7 Closer than that passed between 3 (2016 EF195) 2016-Mar-11 04:35 ± 00:20 0.08/0.00021 10.1 20 - 50 Geosynchronous Earth & Moon’s orbit 4 (2016 AN164) 2016-Jan-14 14:55 ± < 00:01 0.10/0.00025 13.2 2 - 4 5 (2016 GN134) 2016-Apr-04 13:52 ± < 00:01 0.15/0.00038 13.9 2 - 4 thru April CY 2016 6 (2016 CM194) 2016-Feb-13 07:48 ± < 00:01 0.20/0.00052 12.0 8 - 18 7 (2016 AQ164) 2016-Jan-10 14:15 ± < 00:01 0.27/0.00070 14.2 3 - 7 8 (2016 DB) 2016-Feb-15 04:50 ± < 00:01 0.32/0.00083 9.5 5 - 12 9 (2016 CG18) 2016-Feb-06 13:30 ± < 00:01 0.39/0.00101 4.9 5 - 12 10 (2016 EV28) 2016-Mar-08 05:06 ± < 00:01 0.40/0.00103 25.6 5 - 12 11 (2016 FC1) 2016-Mar-14 14:27 ± < 00:01 0.44/0.00112 16.2 4 - 10 12 (2016 FU6) 2016-Mar-25 19:19 ± 00:01 0.47/0.00120 10.3 4 - 10 13 (2016 AN165) 2016-Jan-13 14:44 ± < 00:01 0.47/0.00120 11.0 8 - 18 14 (2016 DA31) 2016-Feb-29 15:57 ± < 00:01 0.52/0.00133 13.8 3 - 7 15 (2016 GS134) 2016-Apr-01 05:56 ± < 00:01 0.52/0.00133 11.2 7 - 15 16 (2016 EK1) 2016-Mar-03 18:06 ± < 00:01 0.53/0.00135 18.5 4 - 10 17 (2016 CW264) 2016-Feb-10 11:38 ± < 00:01 0.55/0.00141 24.5 3 - 7 18 (2016 EL1) 2016-Mar-04 11:54 ± < 00:01 0.60/0.00154 20.1 7 - 15 19 (2016 FE15) 2016-Mar-28 14:18 ± < 00:01 0.70/0.00180 12.3 5 - 12 20 (2016 FW13) 2016-Apr-05 02:21 ± < 00:01 0.82/0.00210 10.5 3 - 7 21 (2016 DK2) 2016-Feb-26 07:19 ± < 00:01 0.83/0.00212 18.7 4 - 10 22 (2016 EN157) 2016-Mar-10 02:47 ± < 00:01 0.84/0.00216 12.6 7 - 15 23 (2016 GO206) 2016-Apr-06 20:02 ± 00:02 0.86/0.00220 22.5 13 - 30 24 (2016 GO134) 2016-Apr-08 19:34 ± < 00:01 0.86/0.00222 15.3 10 - 22 25 (2016 FZ13) 2016-Mar-23 03:54 ± 00:01 0.98/0.00252 4.5 5 - 12 26 (2016 FN56) 2016-Mar-21 08:33 ± 00:21 1.00/0.00257 24.7 35 - 95 * LD= Lunar Distance, AU = Astronomical Unit = Distance to Sun 22 Planetary Defense Coordination Office Potential Impact Notification Process

Note: Time taken to accomplish is directly Object Yes PDCO Notifies SMD AA, Detected, PDCO NASA Administrator, proportional to time Initial Orbit Drafts Determination Notification remaining to impact Made NASA Administrator informs Executive Office Very Close of the President (EOP), Approach to Earth? OSTP yes FEMA notifies Federal, state, and Potential Impact >1% When EOP acknowledges, If impact in local emergency US territory yes NASA OIIR disseminates response orgs notification to Federal NASA Agencies, NMCCs If impact releases Potential If Yes to either, then outside U.S. public notification process Impact! Department of State statement initiated notifies affected nation/ nations No NASA OLIA notifies US Congress Between Earth and Moon and Visible From Earth? Characterization Process

Rotation, Light curves Shape Initial detection, astrometry, Rough Additional Precise Radar photometry orbit astrometry orbit Precise Rough Approximation of Apparent Absolute Size magnitude magnitude Thermal Approximate infrared Phase curves Albedo

Colors, Spectral Spectroscopy type Density Mass

Observations Astrometry over Area/Mass Intermediate parameters months or years Ratio Objectives Primary NEO Characterization Assets and Enhancements

Radar (Goldstone and Arecibo) • Increased time for NEO observations • Streamlining Rapid Response capabilities • Increased resolution (~4 meters) • Improve maintainability Goldstone Radar Arecibo Observatory

NASA InfraRed Telescope Facility (IRTF) • Increased call-up for Rapid Response • Improving operability/maintainability • Improve Instrumentation for Spectroscopy and Thermal Signatures

Spitzer Infrared Space Telescope • Orbit about Sun, ~176 million km trailing Earth • In extended Warm-phase mission • Characterization of Comets and Asteroids • Thermal Signatures, Albedo/Sizes of NEOs • Longer time needed for scheduling 25 25 Coordinated Rapid Response to a New Near-Earth Asteroid Discovery and Flyby

The near-Earth asteroid 2016 CG18 was discovered by the Catalina Sky Survey on Feb 3, 2016 and flew by the MRO Earth three days later at less than half the distance to the Moon. A coordinated response by astronomers was made from several observatories: NASA’s Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) Gemini North Observatory  Magdalena Ridge Observatory (MRO) Complex lightcurve indicates Apache Point Observatory (APO) the rate of tumbling IRTF and Gemini target-of-opportunity spectroscopic observations give clues to the composition and surface brightness. Light curve observations from APO and MRO show that this 4-9 meter object is an unusually slow tumbler for an object of its size, possibly the Spectral observations indicate slowest measured to date at ~2 hours per revolution. surface brightness, composition This campaign tested rapid response observing thermal emission? protocols and coordination for difficult, fast moving objects in preparation for future time-critical events

similar to the discovery and impact of 2008 TC3. This effort also added critical data to the catalog of physical properties for potential Earth impactors as well as IRTF Gemini spacecraft-accessible targets for future exploration.

Observations & data analysis: N. Moskovitz (Lowell Obs.), D. Polishook (Weizmann Inst.), M. Hinkle (NAU), B. Ryan (MRO), M. Brucker (Adler), K. Nault (Adler), V. Reddy (PSI), B. Burt (Lowell) Planetary Defense Coordination Office Support to Emergency Response

27 Asteroid Threat Assessment Project (ATAP)

Characterization • Physical Properties LLNL • Orbital Trajectories JPL Web

Atmospheric Entry & Airburst Credit: Tim Warchocki Modeling • Entry Trajectories/Ablation • Energy Deposition Deliverables • Mitigation Decision Tools • Near Real-Time Bolide Surface Impact Effects Reporting System Modeling • Ground Damage • Tsunami Propagation

Physics-Based Impact Risk Modeling Impact Risk US Gov. Surveillance System • Quantitative Risk Metrics Assessment Tools • Light Curves: New 600 Plus Existing • Sensitivity to Uncertainty Chelyabinsk

29 Chelyabinsk

Fireball and Bolide Reports page (http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/fireball/) now lists available data for 341 events from Jan 2005 to Jun 2016

30 Impact Emergency Response Exercise #2

EXERCISE 30 Days prior to Impact Optical only tracking

40 to 60 meter object Impact Probability 100%

Date/Time (UTC) 2021 Sep 5 17:02

Center Point Latitude 29.7 Longitude -95.3

Footprint size 1000 x 50 km Major axis Azimuth (deg) 130 EXERCISE

US Interagency Coordination

Planetary Impact Emergency Response Working Group (PIERWG) co-chaired with FEMA to develop guidance to prepare for any potential impact of our planet by a large natural object and coordinate responsibilities and resolve preparedness and operational issues relating to interagency response and recovery activities at the national level in preparation for a predicted or actual impact of an asteroid or comet that could affect the United States or its territories.

Interagency Working Group (IWG) co-chaired with OSTP for Deflecting and Mitigating the Impact of Earth-bound Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) (DAMIEN) established by action of the Committee on Homeland and National Security (CHNS) within the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC). DAMIEN will consider the full range of needs for options to mitigate impacts from NEOs, including: detection, characterization, trajectory determination, and impact analysis; senior U.S. decision making, international cooperation and communications; long-term and short-term mitigation options, as well as quantification of success and risks from different mitigation options; public outreach and disaster planning, operations, and recovery.

• Briefing to President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) http://www.tvworldwide.com/events/pcast/160520/default.cfm 32 Planetary Defense Coordination Office

Mitigation Research

33 Options for In-space Deflection

• Multiple studies of impact threat deflection have cited three techniques as most viable: Kinetic National Research Council of the National Academies, Impactor, Gravity Tractor, Nuclear “Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies Final Report,” 2010 Explosive Device

• Making planetary defense credible requires a series of technology demonstrations and operational tests Kinetic impactor is the most mature; probably most effective • All techniques require some level of ARM demonstrates the except for short-term warning Gravity Tractor technique demonstration and validation before considered viable for implementation

in impact emergency response Diameter(m) • Requires ongoing program to reduce risks, validate performance models, prove out an integrated capability, and maintain readiness for potential operators and decision-makers • International participation in any asteroid mitigation / deflection campaign is highly desirable if not essential to overall acceptability Warning Time (yr)

34 Short Warning NEO Mitigation Studies Joint NASA - DOE/NNSA Team GSFC -Livermore-Los Alamos-Sandia Objectives • Investigate mitigation approaches for the class of potentially hazardous asteroids in the short time response scenario • Impulse energies increase as time to impact lessens, so we computationally explore high energy momentum delivery approaches to deflection or disruption of the NEA threat • Employ a full-system scenario analysis methodology for addressing the end-to-end mitigation mission design • Parse the research into a series of case studies based on various design reference asteroid types • Use probabilistic methods to describe the effectiveness of the proposed mitigation design reference mission

35 Asteroid Redirect Mission: Three Main Segments IDENTIFY

Ground and space NEOWISE based assets detect and characterize potential target asteroids

Pan-STARRS Goldstone Arecibo Infrared Telescope Facility REDIRECT Solar electric propulsion (SEP) based system redirects asteroid to cis- lunar space.

EXPLORE Crew launches aboard SLS rocket, travels to redirected asteroid in Orion spacecraft to rendezvous with redirected asteroid, studies and returns 36 samples to Earth 3636 Asteroid Redirect Robotic Mission Planetary Defense Demonstration Approach Characterization Boulder Collection Planetary Defense Demo 14 days 85 days 60 days + 30 day margin 30 days (deflection + verify if needed)

Characterization Approach

Boulder Collection

Departure Planetary Defense Demo

37 Planetary Defense Coordination Office

International Collaboration

38 Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment (AIDA)

• The AIDA is a mission concept to demonstrate asteroid impact hazard mitigation with a kinetic impact spacecraft to deflect an asteroid • AIDA would be a joint US and European mission: ‒ European rendezvous spacecraft, the Asteroid Impact Mission (AIM) mission ‒ US kinetic impactor, the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission ‒ NASA has agreed with ESA to enter parallel formulation concept studies in 2016 • The AIDA mission would intercept the secondary member of the binary Near-Earth Asteroid Didymos in October, 2022 AIDA = AIM+DART

May 12, 2014 39 AIDA Mission Concept

Asteroid Impact Deflection Assessment (AIDA) Mission - currently in parallel formulation studies with European Space Agency (ESA)

(65803) Didymos Double Asteroid Redirection Test (NASA) a binary near-Earth asteroid Kinetic Impactor

Asteroid Impact Mission (ESA) Rendezvous/Observer Earth-Based Observations United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs Overview for NEO Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space Threat Response

United Nations COPUOS/OOSA Next meetings planned Inform in case of in conjunction with credible threat DPS/EPSC Oct 2016 Parent Government Delegations Determine Impact time, Potential deflection location and severity mission plans

Space Missions International Planning Advisory Asteroid Warning Group Network (IAWN) (SMPAG)

Observers, analysts, Space Agencies and modelers… Offices International Asteroid Warning Network

Received ~20.6 Million Observations from 39 countries in 2015 42 (and one in space!)