Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(3): 1431-1434

E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 New record of (Anisoptera) fuscus JEZS 2017; 5(3): 1431-1434 © 2017 JEZS (Fabricius, 1793) (: : Received: 16-03-2017 Accepted: 17-04-2017 ) from Pakistan

Saba Sadiq Department of Zoology Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan Saba Sadiq, Waheed Ali Panhwar, Riffat Sultana, Muhammad Saeed Wagan, Sardar Azhar Mehmood and Shabir Ahmed Waheed Ali Panhwar Department of Zoology Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan Abstract The adults of Conocephalus were collected from the agricultural fields having Wheat, shrubs, Riffat Sultana herbs and grasses. The collected material was sorted out into single Conocephalus Thunberg, 1815 Department of Zoology with single species i-e: Conocephalus (Anisoptera) fuscus (Fabricius, 1793). Conocephalus (Anisoptera) University of Sindh, Jamshoro, fuscus (Fabricius, 1793) is reported for the first time from Pakistan. Additionally, distribution, habitat, Pakistan description of species along with photographs and synonymy is documented.

Muhammad Saeed Wagan Keywords: New record, Conocephalus, Synonymy, Distribution, Pakistan Department of Zoology University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 1. Introduction Pakistan Genus Conocephalus was established by Thunberg, , Tettigonia and Conocephalus as [1] Sardar Azhar Mehmood type species . The Genus can be diagnosed body small. Vertex more or less laterally flat. Department of Zoology Hazara Apex of vertex rounded, not surpass the frontal fastigium, and usually higher than head by University, Mansehra, Pakistan lateral view. The lateral lobes of pronotum oblique triangular shaped, with a translucent gibbons’ area near the hind margin above the auditory organ. Tegmina and hind wings Shabir Ahmed Department of Zoology Hazara developed or shortened. Fore and mid femora usually lack of spines at their ventral side. Hind University, Mansehra, Pakistan femora with two spines on knees. Fore and mid tibiae lack of dorsal spurs, and with short ventral spurs. Tympanum on fore tibiae closed. Prosternum with or without two spines. Male cercus with inside teeth. Ovipositor sword-shaped, brim smooth or with tiny teeth

[2] [3] .Conocephalinae comprises 156 species worldwide . Conocephalus of the Pacific species was reviewed and reported 18 species and subspecies. Besides this, she identified as C.

redtenbacheri (Bol.), together with C. semivittatus vittatus (Redt.), as an important predator of Leptocorisa oratorius (F.). Additionally, she included several species of this genus as important predators of pests but also included herbivores that can themselves be [4] regarded as pests . The genus Conocephalus from Korea revealed 05 species with new record of Conocephalus bambusanus Ingrisch species. Beside this, they provided taxonomic key to species along with [5] distributional data . The genus Conocephalus from China and reported single new combination Conocephalus brevivalva (Shi et al., 2005), in addition to single new record

Conocephalus oceanicus (Le Guillou, 1841) and a new species Conocephalus shanghaiensis [2, 6] sp. nov. to this genus from China . Recently, [20] carried out a detail survey for the collection of Conocephalus species during the

year 2011-2013 in various provinces of Pakistan. Single gnus with single species i.e. Conocephalus maculates (Le Guillo) was recorded in large numbers. Beside this, they provided important taxonomic character along with drawing line, measurement of various

body parts was also documented. But, they did not report Conocephalus (Anisoptera) fuscus (Fabricius, 1793). It was also observed that Conocephalus species damage the wide range of cultivated plants when these are established in area from where the forest has been cleared [20]. Several studies have been conducted on Katydid fauna of Pakistan by [7-24] but none of the authors have reported Conocephalus (Anisoptera) fuscus (Fabricius, 1793). The aim of present

Correspondence study was to explore the Conocephalus fauna of this region. Finding of present species have Saba Sadiq constructed new record for Pakistan. Department of Zoology Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan ~ 1431 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

2. Materials and Methods 2) Forewing 12-14 mm; hindwing extending 1 mm beyond 2.1 Study sites forewing. Ovipositor sword-shaped, long, straight almost The adults of Conocephalus species were collected from the measuring (14-15mm) in length (Fig. 1). Supra-anal plate Wheat, shrubs, herbs, and grasses with the help of traditional without distinct protrusion; stridulatory file with 35-40 insect hand-net (8.89 cms in diameter and 50.8cmc in length) fasteners. as well as by hand picking through large forceps. The collection was made during the year 2016-2017 in the month 3.5 Measurement (in mm). Total body length ♂ 13-18, ♀ of October to March. 14-19; Tegmina/Forewings, ♂ 11-12, ♀ 12-14; Tibia, ♂ 13- 14, ♀ 13-17, Ovipositor, ♀ 14- 15 2.2 Killing and preservation of grasshoppers Field collected specimens were brought into the laboratory 3.6 Habitat and were killed and preserved by adopting method of [9, 25]. This species is found in a wide variety of open habitats, with dense vegetation, meadows grasses, saltmarsh places, in dry 2.3 Material Examined and wet heathland, on road sides with tall grasses, riverbanks. Several male and female from Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Baffa) 13.viii.2016 & 08.ix.2016 leg. Saba & 3.7 Comparative note. Panhwar same but (Oghi); 10.ii.2017, leg. Saba & Shoaib Data base collection shows that the holotype of this species is same but (Balakot); 22.iii.2017, leg. Saba & Mehwish. lost. Finding of this species constructed new record for Pakistan. 2.4 Identification of Samples Identification of specimen was carried out under the 3.8 Distribution. Stereoscopic Dissecting Binocular Microscope with the help This species has been distributed in Europe, Sweden, of keys [5,11] and description available in literature and on the Mongolia, Middle Asia, Kazakhstan, Northern Africa, “Web site (http://www.orthoptera.org) Orthoptera Species file Algeria, Germany, Switzerland, Spain, Bulgaria, Romania, Online”. Iran and Pakistan.

2.5 Depository 4. Discussion All the collected material has been deposited in the Insect During the present study Conocephalus species were Systematic Laboratory, Hazara University Mansehra. collected from the agricultural fields having Wheat, shrubs, herbs and grasses. The collected material was sorted out into 3. Results single genus Conocephalus Thunberg, 1815 with single 3.1 Genus Conocephalus Thunberg, 1815 species is studied. Furthermore, finding of Conocephalus urn:lsid:Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:16619 (Anisoptera) fuscus (Fabricius, 1793) made a new record for Type species: Gryllus and Tettigonia and Conocephalus this region. Linnaeus, 1767. The genus Conocephalus from Korea resulted in discovery of five species with a single record of Conocephalus 3.2 Genus Diagnosis bambusanus Ingrisch. Further, they gave taxonomic key of Body is small to medium. Vertex flat from lateral side. Apex species with distributional data [5]. Conocephalus from China of vertex rounded, not surpassing the anterior margin of resulted in finding of one new combination Conocephalus fastigium, usually higher than head from lateral view. The brevivalva, in addition to one new record i-e: Conocephalus lateral lobes of pronotum slanting wedge-shaped shaped, with oceanicus (Le Guillou, 1841) and one species i-e: a shining gibbons’ part near the hind margin overhead the Conocephalus shanghaiensis sp. nov. to this genus [2][6]. More tympanal organ. Tegmina and hind wings well-developed recent, Genus Conocephalus from Pakistan resulted in sometime reduced. Fore and mid femora generally without collection of Conocephalus maculates (Le Guillo) in larger spines. Hind femur with two spines on knees. Fore and mid numbers. Additionally, they gave significant taxonomic tibiae without dorsal spurs, short spurs present at ventral side. character along with drawing line [20]. Mate selection by Tympanum closed from fore-tibiae. Prosternum with female katydids Conocephalus nigropleurum resulted that sometime lack 2 spines. Male cerci having inner teeth. these obtain a bulky spermatophore during mating that Ovipositor sword-shaped, brim smooth, with minute teeth. they later eat as food. Further, existing suggestion shows that spermatophore nutrients are significant to female for the 3.3. Conocephalus (Anisoptera) fuscus (Fabricius, 1793) purpose of reproduction. Weightier males produce more urn:lsid:Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:16769 spermatophores during the mating. As soon as they are given Synonym. the choice between two sound producing males with different Conocephalus dilatatus Ramme, 1951 weights, females at all times mated with the bigger individual Conocephalus discolor Thunberg, 1815 [26]. Conocephalus emeiensis species was described as new to Conocephalus ponticus (Nedelkov, 1907) science from Sichuan Province [27]. Distributional data and Conocephalus thoracicus (Fischer von Waldheim, 1846) dispersal of was carried out from the Conocephalus turanicum Semenov, 1915 British Isles [28]. But, they were unable to find Conocephalus (Anisoptera) fuscus (Fabricius, 1793). Present study resulted 3.4 Description of species. in constructing a new record of this species from this region. Body small measuring (13-18 mm), usually green with brown Hopefully, this study will be beneficial for the future wings and a brown dorsal stripe on the head and pronotum. researchers related to biodiversity of this genus from Pakistan. Pronotum with a broad dark band extending from the fastigium to the posterior rim of the pronotum. Head cone- shaped from lateral view. Wings fully developed (Fig. 1 and

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Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae). Entomological Research. 2002; 32(1):13-9. 6. Shi FM, Wang JF, Fu P. A review of the genus Conanalus Tinkham (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea) from China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica. 2005; 30(1):84-86. 7. Garai A. Orthopteroid Insect from Pakistan.Esperiana. Bd 2002; 9:431-447 8. Wagan MS. Preliminary studies on long horned grasshopper (Tettigonioidea) of Sindh. 2008 28th Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 69. 9. Panhwar WA. Studies On the Systematic and Ecological Status of Tettigonioidea () of Pakistan Ph.D

Thesis Submitted to Department of Zoology University Fig 1: Female, Conocephalus (Anisoptera) fuscus (Fabricius, 1793). of Sindh Jamshoro. 2015, 1-242. 10. Panhwar WA, Sultana R, Wagan MS. of genus Decticus Serville, 1831 (Decticinae: Tettigoniidae: Orthoptera). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 2017; 5(2):1100-1104. 11. Sultana R, Panhwar WA, Wagan MS. Key to the tribes and genera of Tettigoniidae from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 2017; 49(3):1127-1130 12. Panhwar WA, Sultana R, Wagan MS, Khatri I, Rustamani AR. First Checklist and Distribution of Tettigonioidea (Ensifera: Orthoptera) from Pakistan. ZOO’s PRINT, 2016: XXXI(11):7-12 13. Panhwar WA, Sultana R, Wagan MS, Khatri I. New records of Mecopodinae (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea: Tettigoniidae) from Pakistan. Arquivos Entomolóxicos.

2016;15:269-274 Fig 2: Male, Conocephalus (Anisoptera) fuscus (Fabricius, 1793). 14. Sultana R, Panhwar WA, Wagan MS. Description of New Species of Tettigonia (: Orthoptera) 5. Conclusion from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 2015; Conocephalus (Anisoptera) fuscus (Fabricius, 1793) is 47(5):1361-1364. recorded for the first time from Pakistan. Further, distribution, 15. Sultana R, Panhwar WA, Wagan MS, Muhmmad AR. habitat, description of species of Conocephalus along with Study on the Eupholidoptera species (Orthoptera: photographs and synonymy is documented. Tettigonioidea: Tettigoniinae) from Pakistan. International Journal of Advanced Research. 2015; 6. Recommendation 3(2):585-590. Conocephalus species are found in a wide variety of open 16. Sultana R, Panhwar WA, Wagan MS, Khatri I. habitats, with dense vegetation, meadows grasses and Systematic status of true katydids Sathrophyllia different crops. So, studies on their pest status should be (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, ) from carried. Further surveys may result in finding of new species Pakistan, with description of two new species. ZooKeys. to the biodiversity of this region. 2014; 1(11):466.8423 17. Panhwar WA, Sultana R, Wagan MS, Wagan YS, 7. Acknowledgment Santosh K, Solangi FH. Taxonomy and Ecology of The authors are highly thankful to Mr. Shoaib Ali, Miss Genus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera: Mehwish Kainat for helping in collection of samples. The Tettigonioidea: Conocephalinae) from Pakistan. authors are also thankful to Miss Sidra for Photography. International Journal of Advanced Research. 2014; 2(2):268-277 8. References 18. Panhwar WA, Sultana R, Wagan MS, Khatari I, Santosh 1. Cigliano MM, Braun H, Eades DC, Otte D. Orthoptera K. Systematic study on the various Tribes of Species File Online. Version 5.0/5.0. Available from: Phaneropterinae (Tettigonioidea: Orthoptera) occurring http://Orthoptera.SpeciesFile.org (accessed 8 March in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 2014; 2017) 46(1):203-213 2. Zhou M, Bi WX, Liu XW. The genus Conocephalus 19. Panhwar WA, Sultana R, Wagan MS, Santosh K. Notes (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea) in China. Zootaxa. 2010; on the distribution and morphological description of 2527:49-60. Glyphonotus sinensis Uvarov, 1939 (Orthoptera: 3. Otte DP, Naskrecki. Orthoptera species file online. : Tettigoniinae: Glyphonotini) from Pakistan. International //www.tettigonia.com. 2004. Journal of Advanced Research. 2013; 1:679-682 4. Pitkin LM. A revision of the Pacific species of 20. Panhwar WA, Sultana R, Wagan MS, Santosh K. On the Conocephalus Thunberg (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). distribution and taxonomy of Conocephalus species Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea: Conocephalinae) from Entomology Series. 1980; 41(5):315-55. Pakistan. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental 5. Kim Tw, Kim Iii J. Taxonomic study of the genus Sciences. 2013; 3(11):171-176. Conocephalus Thunberg in Korea (Orthoptera: 21. Sultana R, Panhwar WA, Wagan MS. Keys for

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identification of long-horned grasshoppers Tettigonioidea (Ensifera) occurring in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Entomology Karachi. 2013; 28(2):113-116. 22. Sultana R, Wagan MS, Panhwar WA. Taxonomy of Tettigonioidea (Ensifera) of Pakistan. Final Technical Report (PSF), Res. No S-SU/Bio (423) Islamabad. 2013, 1-185 23. Sultana R, Wagan MS, Panhwar WA. Taxonomy of Tettigonioidea (Ensifera) of Pakistan. First Technical Report (PSF), Res. No S-SU/Bio (423) Islamabad, 2012, 1-111. 24. Sultana R, Wagan MS, Panhwar WA. Distribution and incidence of Tettigonioidea (Ensifera) Orthoptera from Sindh Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Entomology Pakistan. 2012; 27(2):117-122 25. Vickery VR, McE DK, Kevan. The Grasshoppers, Crickets and Related Insects of Canada and Adjacent Regions. Ottawa: Canadian Government Services, 1983. 26. Gwynne DT. Mate selection by female katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Conocephalus nigropleurum). Behaviour. 1982; 30(3):734-8. 27. Shi F, Zheng Z. A new species of the genus Conocephalus Thunberg (Orthoptera: Conocephalidae) from Sichuan, China. Insect Science. 1999; 6(3):219-21. 28. Warne AC, Hartley JC. The distribution and dispersal of Conocephalus dorsalis (Latreille) (Tettigoniidae) in the British Isles. Entomologist’s Gaz. 1975; 26:127-32.

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