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Rapid Assessment -Report-Nepal.Pdf Rapid Assessments of the Trades By Keshab Prasad Adhikari Associate professor, Central Department of Population Studies, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu Submitted to HomeNet South Asia January 2013 Table of Contents CHAPTER I: THE CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND OF THE RAPID ASSESSMENT OF TRADES EMPLOYING HOMBASED WORKERS IN KATHMANDU VALLEY.................................................................. 1.1 The Context................................................................................................... 1.2 Defining HomeBased Workers....................................................................... 1.3 Knowledge-base: Plights and prosperity of Home-based workers in Nepal...................................................................................................................... 1.4 National Policy Initiatives.............................................................................. 1.5 Purpose/objective of the Rapid Assessment.................................................. 1.6 Methods of Rapid Assessment....................................................................... CHAPTER II: GENERAL INSIGHTS OF TRADES EMPLOYING HOMEBASED WORKERS IN KATHMANDU VALLEY.......................... 2.1 Trades Employing Homebased Workers...................................................... 2.1.1 Relation between trades and workers........................................................................ 2.1.2 Dispersion of the trades and workers........................................................................ 2.1.3 The Trades Selected for the Rapid Assessment......................................................... 2.2 Findings of the Homeworker’s Survey......................................................... 2.2.1 Spatial Coverage....................................................................................................... 2.2.2 Organizational Memberships and Gender Dimension................................................ 2.2.3 Background Attributes of the Surveyed Homeworkers.............................................. 2.2.4 Monthly family income............................................................................................... 2.2.5 Work History and Current Work.................................................................................. 2.2.6 Attributes of the Current work................................................................................... 2.2.7 Time to complete per Lot of Work.............................................................................. 2.2.7 Wage and Wage payment basis................................................................................. 2.2.8 Liking of the current work and incidences of cheating............................................... 2.2.9 Training and financial support.................................................................................... 2.2.10 Worker’s preference to be organized....................................................................... CHAPTER III: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................... 3.1 Conclusions................................................................................................. 3.2 Recommendations....................................................................................... REFERENCES.................................................................................... APPENDIX I: INSTITUTIONS, TRADES AND TRADE-UNIONS CONSULTED IN THE PROCESS OF ASSESSMENT............................ APPENDIX II: CHECKLIST OF INSTITUTIONAL, TRADES AND TRADE-UNIONS SURVEY............................................................... APPENDIX III: WORKERS SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE........................... Chapter I: The Context and Background of the Rapid Assessment of Trades Employing HomBased Workers in Kathmandu Valley 1.1 The Context Number of trades either supplying goods in Nepalese local market or doing exports of their products to international markets from Nepal is being operated through either sub-contracting of their productions or informally employment of home-based workers. Therefore, aphorism is that selected key export industries in the country engages sizable portion of informal workers and make up a great portion of informal economy outside agriculture sector in the country. Studies have unveiled the facts that these informal workers as inherent components of major trades and industries are concentrated in peri-urban or slums of major urban areas (HomeNet Nepal, 2011; Chen, nd.; and Ahamad, et al., 2010). The estimated 50 million home-based workers, of whom, 80 per cent are women - especially in South Asia, are accorded occupationally as diverse, isolated, scattered and virtually invisible and barely cast a shadow in the minds of urban planners (Sinha, 2012). Considering the immensity of home-based workers and their contribution in national economy, desirable is to make contribution of these workers visible bringing out of the shadows, for the reasons – their work has direct implication on poverty alleviation. Since, at the weak of the global as well as regional financial crisis, the contraction of modern or formal industrial sector in yielding employment opportunities is compensated by the informal employment (Chen, nd.) of which home-based work is prominent one. In the context of Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, the home-based employment (either self-employed or wage dependents) is accorded to offer income earning opportunity and livelihoods to a substantial portion of labour force in peri-urban areas, and slum-dwellers. Most home-based workers produce varieties of handicrafts/curio goods and textiles with significant export potentials. Considering the contribution of home-based workers to flourish locally and inter- nationally accredited trades, it is desirable to pay proper policy attention towards making their contribution visible, enhance capability with skill training, guarantee for the employment, income and social security, freedom for the work-employment mobility and connectivity for unionization or organization as per the contention of ILO Convention No. 177 on Home workers. 1.2 Defining HomeBased Workers The term “home-based worker” is used to refer to the general category of workers who carry out remunerative work within their homes or in the surrounding grounds. Home-based work includes the two basic types of workers: those who work on their own (the self-employed) and those who work for others (mainly as industrial outworkers). The term ‘homeworker’ is used to refer to the second sub-set of home-based workers: namely, the wage-dependent industrial outworkers who carry out paid work from their home (WIEGO, nd.; Upadhyaya, 2000; Ferran, nd.). The increase in the flexibility of the labour market leads to increase in both dependent and independent home- based workers. The Convention No. 177 of ILO on Home-workers adopted in 1996 covers specifically the dependent home-based workers, defining the same as: The work carried out by a person in his or her home or in other premises of his or her choice, other than the workplace of the employer for remuneration; which results in a product or service as specified by the employer, irrespective of who provides the equipment, materials or other inputs used, unless this person has the degree of autonomy and of economic independence necessary to be considered an independent worker under national laws, regulations or court decisions. According to Ferran, the wage-dependent home-based-workers are workers with the following characteristics: - they work at home outside the establishment that buys their products, either goods or services; - they agree by prior arrangement to supply goods or services to a particular enterprise; - their remuneration consists in the prices paid for their products, - they do not employ workers on a regular basis, and - They may or may not contribute tools, equipment and other material inputs. Wage dependent home-based workers are basically piece-rate workers - who work on subcontracting by using the raw materials of the factories or establishments (Upadhyaya, 2000). These workers needed to be classified in a separate group called "home-workers" different from "employees" and "own-account workers" for the significant implications of statistical definitions and concepts (Ferran, nd.) from the point of view of ILO Convention on home workers. It is very hard and scarce to generate statistics of this kind of employment, since; no widely agreed consensus exists as to its suitable definition and its place in the classification structure, as home- workers exhibit simultaneously characteristics of paid employees and of self-employed. The independent or self-employed home-based workers are those who work at their own home on their own investment and sale/deliver their products or services to the concerned entrepreneurs or prospective buyers who trade internally as well as internationally (Ferran, nd.; Upadhyaya, 2000). Their characteristics are those of the self-employed and they should be classified as part of the group "own-account workers". In this light the Kathmandu Declaration-2000 on the rights of South Asian Home-based workers urged to include both own account or self employed workers as well as those who do work for contractors at piece rate basis as home-based workers. This definition of home-based workers is strictly adopted in the studies of The HomeNet South Asia (Doane, 2007) - as those who work from their own homes. 1.3 Knowledge-base: Plights and prosperity of Home-based
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