Emotion and Understanding1
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Introduction to Psychological Disorders Defining Disorder Psychological Disorder
Introduction to Psychological Disorders Defining Disorder Psychological Disorder • A “harmful dysfunction” in which behaviors are maladaptive, unjustifiable, disturbing, and atypical Maladaptive • An exaggeration of normal, acceptable behaviors • Destructive to oneself or others Unjustifiable • A behavior which does not have a rational basis Disturbing • A behavior which is troublesome to other people Atypical • A behavior so different from other people’s behavior that it violates a norm • Norms vary from culture to culture MUDA • A mnemonic device used to remember the four attributes of a psychological disorder –Maladaptive –Unjustifiable –Disturbing –Atypical Understanding Disorders Early Views of Mental Illness • In ancient times, mental illness was usually explained through a supernatural model; the person was possessed or a sinner • During the Middle Ages treatment methods were inhumane and cruel Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) • French physician who worked to reform the treatment of people with mental disorders • Encouraged more humane treatment Understanding Disorders: The Medical Model The Medical Model • Concept that mental illnesses have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured. • Psychological disorders can be diagnosed based on their symptoms and treated or cured through therapy. • Psychological disorders are similar to a physical illness. Understanding Disorders: The Bio-Psycho-Social Model Bio-Psycho-Social Model • Contemporary perspective that assumes biological, psychological, and sociocultural -
The Pandemic Exposes Human Nature: 10 Evolutionary Insights PERSPECTIVE Benjamin M
PERSPECTIVE The pandemic exposes human nature: 10 evolutionary insights PERSPECTIVE Benjamin M. Seitza,1, Athena Aktipisb, David M. Bussc, Joe Alcockd, Paul Bloome, Michele Gelfandf, Sam Harrisg, Debra Liebermanh, Barbara N. Horowitzi,j, Steven Pinkerk, David Sloan Wilsonl, and Martie G. Haseltona,1 Edited by Michael S. Gazzaniga, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, and approved September 16, 2020 (received for review June 9, 2020) Humans and viruses have been coevolving for millennia. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19) has been particularly successful in evading our evolved defenses. The outcome has been tragic—across the globe, millions have been sickened and hundreds of thousands have died. Moreover, the quarantine has radically changed the structure of our lives, with devastating social and economic consequences that are likely to unfold for years. An evolutionary per- spective can help us understand the progression and consequences of the pandemic. Here, a diverse group of scientists, with expertise from evolutionary medicine to cultural evolution, provide insights about the pandemic and its aftermath. At the most granular level, we consider how viruses might affect social behavior, and how quarantine, ironically, could make us susceptible to other maladies, due to a lack of microbial exposure. At the psychological level, we describe the ways in which the pandemic can affect mating behavior, cooperation (or the lack thereof), and gender norms, and how we can use disgust to better activate native “behavioral immunity” to combat disease spread. At the cultural level, we describe shifting cultural norms and how we might harness them to better combat disease and the negative social consequences of the pandemic. -
2Nd Grade Animal Books Friday, November 25, 2011 5:25:03 PM Emmaus Lutheran School Sorted By: Title
AR BookGuide™ Page 1 of 463 2nd Grade Animal Books Friday, November 25, 2011 5:25:03 PM Emmaus Lutheran School Sorted by: Title Quiz Word Title Author Number Lang IL BL Pts F/NF Count Book RP RV LS VP Description 1, 2, 3: Counting Rhymes Mitter, Matt 75942 EN LG 2.0 0.5 F 241 N N - - - This is counting book featuring rhyming text and animals on a farm. 10 Little Hot Dogs Himmelman, John 141225 EN LG 2.1 0.5 F 335 N N - - - One by one, ten excitable dachshunds pile onto a chair. 10 Little Rubber Ducks Carle, Eric 103833 EN LG 2.4 0.5 F 404 N N N - N When a storm strikes a cargo ship, ten rubber ducks are tossed overboard and swept off in ten different directions. This story is based on an actual incident. The 108th Sheep Imai, Ayano 123396 EN LG 2.8 0.5 F 386 N N - - - Emma decides to count sheep one night when she cannot fall asleep, but when one of her helpers lands with a thud, she and the others must think of a way for the 108th sheep to make it over Emma's bed. The 14 Forest Mice and the Iwamura, Kazuo 12059 EN LG 2.9 0.5 F 449 N N - - - Members of the Forest Mouse family Harvest Moon Watch encounter tree frogs, dragonflies, inchworms, and birds as they climb a tree to enjoy the beauty of the setting sun and the rising moon. The 14 Forest Mice and the Iwamura, Kazuo 12061 EN LG 2.9 0.5 F 473 N N - - - The Forest Mice experience both hard Summer Laundry Day work and a lot of fun when they tackle a load of dirty laundry. -
Distrust, Fear and Emotional Learning: an Online Auction Perspective Glenn Robert Bewsell
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research This paper is available online at ISSN 0718–1876 Electronic Version www.jtaer.com VOL 7 / ISSUE 2 / AUGUST 2012 / 1-12 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-18762012000200002 © 2012 Universidad de Talca - Chile Distrust, Fear and Emotional Learning: An Online Auction Perspective Glenn Robert Bewsell University of Wollongong, School of Information Systems and Technology, Wollongong, Australia, [email protected] Received 19 December 2011; received in revised form 12 April 2012; accepted 27 April 2012 Abstract This exploratory research explores the emotional perspective of online distrust, where distrust is a fear. Fear is one of the negative emotions where the situational state is motive-inconsistent and uncertainty is present. A review of literature explores distrust as a fear, emotions, emotional learning and identifies cognitive dimensions consistent with fear. These cognitive dimensions are motive-inconsistent situational state, uncertainty, goal-path obstacle, effort, and agency/control. Textual data is collected from an online auction community website to support this research. The dimensions consistent with fear are identified within the data collected and analyzed using qualitative analysis. Goal-path obstacles are identified within the data as; value incongruence, user isolation, user inefficacy, and financial. The goal-path obstacles identified are consistent with types of fear. The research findings are discussed in terms of the theory and offers suggestions to practitioners to improve -
Integrating Animal-Assisted Interventions with Counseling Theory
Article 14 Fido and Freud Meet: Integrating Animal-Assisted Interventions With Counseling Theory Paper based on a program presented at the 2011 American Counseling Association Conference, March 27, New Orleans, LA. Laura Bruneau and Amy Johnson Bruneau, Laura, is an associate professor of Counselor Education at Adams State University. Her primary research area is creativity in counseling, which includes therapeutic reading and animal-assisted interventions. She and her dog are a Pet Partners Team and a Reading Education Assistance Dog Team. Johnson, Amy, is the executive director of Teacher’s Pet, an organization that pairs troubled youth with hard-to-adopt shelter dogs. She is also the director of the Center for Human-Animal Interventions at Oakland University. Abstract Current research on animal-assisted interventions (AAI) is expansive and rapidly growing, affirming a host of physical, physiological, and psychological benefits when integrated into the counseling process. This modality harnesses the power of the human-animal bond, providing benefit to the client and the counselor- client relationship. Given the mental health needs of the juvenile justice population, the use of innovative, creative modalities is needed. By integrating counseling theory and AAI, this manuscript grounds the practice of AAI while highlighting examples with adjudicated youth. Keywords: animal-assisted interventions, human-animal bond, counseling theory, adjudicated youth Animal-assisted intervention (AAI) is an umbrella term for modalities such as animal-assisted therapy and animal-assisted activities. AAI is goal-oriented, designed to improve client functioning, and delivered by a practitioner with specialized expertise and training (Animal Assisted Interventions International, 2013). The scholarly literature on AAI is expansive and rapidly growing, supporting positive results with using AAI for persons with emotional or behavior difficulties (Nimer & Lundahl, 2007) and children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders (Prothman, Bienert, & Ettrich, 2006). -
Two Stories of Distrust in America
May 2021 Two Stories of In America Two Stories of in America About More in Common The report was conducted by More in Common, a new international initiative to build societies and communities that are stronger, more united, and more resilient to the increasing threats of polarization and social division. We work in partnership with a wide range of civil society groups, as well as philanthropy, business, faith, education, media and government to connect people across lines of division. Principal Authors Dan Vallone — U.S. Director Stephen Hawkins — Director of Research Noelle Malvar, PhD — Senior Researcher Paul Oshinski — Research Fellow Taran Raghuram — Research Fellow Daniel Yudkin, PhD — Associate Research Director More in Common www.moreincommon.com 115 Broadway, New York, NY 10006 Acknowledgements More in Common appreciates the valuable input and advice relating to this study received from a wide range of experts and friends. We would like to thank the Charles Koch Institute, the Knight Foundation, and Democracy Fund for their philanthropic support for this project. For their assistance with many elements of this work we would like to thank our colleague Coco Xu and Amanda Fuchs Miller, Ranit Schmelzer, and Marla Viorst. The execution and analysis of this project was conducted in close partnership with YouGov. For their efforts across our polling projects, we thank the following members of the YouGov research team in particular: Samantha Luks, Rebecca Phillips, and Marissa Shih. The report, data visualizations, and other aesthetic considerations were designed and created by Michelle Ng and Alane Marco. Copyright © 2021 More in Common Version 1.0.3 All Rights Reserved To request permission to photocopy or reprint materials, email: [email protected] Contents Foreword –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 5 Executive Summary ––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 7 Methodology –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 10 1. -
Medical Education and Distrust Modulate the Response of Insular-Cingulate 2 Network and Ventral Striatum in Pain Diagnosis
1 Medical education and distrust modulate the response of insular-cingulate 2 network and ventral striatum in pain diagnosis. 3 Giada Dirupoa,b,c, Sabrina Totaroa, Jeanne Richardc,d and Corrado Corradi-Dell’Acquaa,b 4 5 a Theory of Pain Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and 6 Educational Sciences (FPSE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. 7 b Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. 8 c Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. 9 d Department of Psychology, Swiss Distance University Institute, Brig, Switzerland. 10 11 Corresponding author: Giada Dirupo, University of Geneva – Campus Biotech, Ch. des Mines 12 9, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland. Tel: +41223790966. E-mail: [email protected] 13 14 Keywords: Medical Students, Negative Feedback, Social Conformity, Medial Prefrontal 15 Cortex, Insula. 16 1 Abstract 2 Healthcare providers often underestimate patients’ pain, sometimes even when aware of 3 their reports. This could be the effect of experience reducing sensitivity to others pain, or 4 distrust towards patients’ self-evaluations. Across multiple experiments (375 participants), we 5 tested whether senior medical students differed from younger colleagues and lay controls in 6 the way they assess people’s pain and take into consideration their feedback. We found that 7 medical training affected the sensitivity to pain faces, an effect shown by the lower ratings 8 and highlighted by a decrease in neural response of the insula and cingulate cortex. Instead, 9 distrust towards the expressions’ authenticity affected the processing of feedbacks, by 10 decreasing activity in the ventral striatum whenever patients’ self-reports matched 11 participants’ evaluations, and by promoting strong reliance on the opinion of other doctors. -
Envy and Jealousy As Discrete Emotions: a Taxometric Analysis
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications, Department of Psychology Psychology, Department of March 1996 Envy and Jealousy as Discrete Emotions: A Taxometric Analysis Nick Haslam [email protected] Brian H. Bornstein University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/psychfacpub Part of the Psychiatry and Psychology Commons Haslam, Nick and Bornstein, Brian H., "Envy and Jealousy as Discrete Emotions: A Taxometric Analysis" (1996). Faculty Publications, Department of Psychology. 189. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/psychfacpub/189 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Psychology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, Department of Psychology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Motivation and Emotion, 20:3 (1996), pp. 255–272. Copyright © 1996 Plenum Publishing Corporation/Springer Netherlands. http://www.springerlink.com/content/1573-6644/ Used by permission. Envy and Jealousy as Discrete Emotions: A Taxometric Analysis 1 Nick Haslam 2 New School for Social Research Brian H. Bornstein Louisiana State University Envy and jealousy may differ in kind or only by degree. In a study of emotion episodes re- called by 291 subjects, two forms of taxometric analysis were used to test between cat- egorical and dimensional models of the two emotions. The two emotions yielded strong convergent evidence of discreteness, and commonly cooccurred. However, although sub- jects rated their episode to contain similar levels of “envy” and “jealousy,” both terms were equally correlated with the presence of envy features and neither term was corre- lated substantially with the presence of jealousy features. -
Z Answer Key!
EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–3 CHAPTER 3 – THE MORPHOLOGY OF ENGLISH Exercise 3.1 This exercise lends itself to group work. It focuses students’ attention on their knowledge of the underlying morphological system that enables them to create new words from nonsense words. 1. striggily 2. striggish 3. striggishly 4. striggophile “someone who loves (or collects) striggs” 5. striggify Exercise 3.2 1. {dis-} + {cover} + {-able} {dis-} changes the meanings of verbs to their opposite (disallow). {cover} is a verb meaning “to shelter, hide.” {-able} creates adjectives meaning “able to be” plus the action of the verb (lovable = “able to be loved”). 2. {motive} + {-ate} {motive} is a noun or adjective meaning “a desire.” {-ate} creates verbs meaning “to make”(alienate). 3. {amaze} + {-ment} {amaze} is a verb meaning “to astonish.” {-ment} creates nouns meaning “state of ”(excitement). 4. {dark} + {-en} {dark} is a noun meaning “without light.” {-en} creates verbs meaning “to cause”(lengthen). 5. {coward} + {-ice} {coward} is a adjective meaning “one who lacks courage.” {-ice} creates nouns from other words (service, justice). 6. {care} + {-less} + {-ly} {care} is a noun meaning “attentiveness.” {-less} creates adjectives meaning “without”(hopeless). {-ly} makes adverbs from adjectives (sadly). 7. {boy} + {-ish} + {-ness} {boy} is a noun meaning “male child.” {-ish} creates adjectives meaning “having the quality of ”(foolish). {-ness} creates nouns from other words (shyness, blackness). EX–4 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY 8. {re-} + {write} {re-} means “repetition of the stated action” (redo). {w rite} is a ver b meaning “to form letters and symbols with a pen, pencil or other writing implement on a surfa c e . -
Trust, Distrust and the Paradox of Democracy
P 97 - 003 TRUST, DISTRUST AND THE PARADOX OF DEMOCRACY PIOTR SZTOMPKA Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH (WZB) Reichpietschufer 50, D-10785 Berlin TRUST, DISTRUST AND THE PARADOX OF DEMOCRACY PAGE 2 PIOTR SZTOMPKA Abstract According to the three-dimensional theory of trust which the author develops in his recent work, the measure of trust that people vest on their fellow citizens or institutions depends on three factors: the "reflected trustworthiness" as estimated by themselves in more or less rational manner, the attitude of "basic trustfulness" deriving from socialization, and the "culture of trust" pervading their society and normatively constraining for each member. The culture of trust is shaped by historical experiences of a society - the tradition of trust, and by the current structural context -the trust-inspiring milieu. The author presents a model of a structural context conducive for the emergence of the culture of trust, and then argues that the democratic organization contributes to the trust-generating conditions, like normative certainty, transparency, stability, accountability etc. The mechanism of this influence is found to be doubly paradoxical. First, democracy breeds the culture of trust by institutionalizing distrust, at many levels of democratic organization. And second, the strongest influence of democracy on the culture of trust may be expected when the institutionalized distrust remains only the potential insurance of trustworthiness, a resource used sparingly and only when there appear significant breaches of trust. Of all three components in the three-dimensional model of trust, the cultural dimension is most susceptible to practical, political measures. And the most promising method to elicit the culture of trust is designing democratic institutions and safeguarding their viable functioning. -
Front Cover Anxiety Teen
GUIDED SELF-MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR Anxiety Teens 13-17 Version 1.1 February February Feeling COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY Feeling r T r o T h i o h o v i a o u v h g a u e h h g B t e h B FOR t ANXIETY tt ss c INTRODUCTION c Everyone worries sometimes. School, friends, and HWKHWKHWK stress can cause anyone to feel anxiety. For some HWK teens, anxious feelings can become dicult to manage. This can cause problems at home, school, and/or with your friends. Working with your primary care team and your parents can help you manage symptoms of anxiety. Behavioral health specialists have worked hard to figure out ways to help manage anxiety. One of the most eective interventions is a type of therapy called Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, or CBT. This type of therapy helps people with anxiety learn how to change their thoughts and behaviors in order to feel less worried and to cope when worries do occur. The Fear Thermometer worksheets in this guide will help you and your family These worksheets will help you pay attention to situations that make you try CBT strategies at home. There are tips and anxious and rate your worried feelings. activities for you and advice for your parents. We find Skill 1 that the skills are most eective when used in the order we show here. All of the skills included in our guide are evidence-based, meaning they are strategies that have been tested and proven to be eective through rigorous scientific research. -
Past Life Regression
Past Life Regression Past life regression is a technique that uses hypnosis to recover the memories of past lives or incarnations. Past-life regression is typically undertaken either in pursuit of a spiritual experience, or in a psychotherapeutic setting. Most advocates loosely adhere to beliefs about reincarnation, though religious traditions that incorporate reincarnation generally do not include the idea of repressed memories of past lives. The technique used during past-life regression involves the subject answering a series of questions while hypnotized to reveal identity and events of their past lives. The use of hypnosis and suggestive questions can tend to help the subject to recall his past memories. The source of the memories is more likely that of combine experiences, knowledge, imagination and suggestion or guidance from the hypnotist or regression therapist. Once created, those memories are indistinguishable from memories based on events that occurred during the subject's life. Experiments with subjects undergoing past-life regression indicate that a belief in reincarnation and suggestions by the hypnotist are the two most important factors regarding the contents of memories reported. In the 2nd century BC, Sage Patanjali, in his Yoga Sutras, discussed the idea of the soul becoming burdened with an accumulation of impressions as part of the karma from previous lives. Patanjali called the process of past-life regression “prati- prasav”or "reverse birthing" and saw it as addressing current problems through memories of past lives. Past life regression can be found in Jainism. The seven truths of Jainism deal with the soul and its attachment to karma and Moksha.