DOCSLIB.ORG

Keeping Soil Survey Information Relevant in the 21St Century, by Maurice J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Keeping Soil Survey Information Relevant in the 21St Century, by Maurice J 2003 National Cooperative Soil Survey Conference Plymouth, Massachusetts TABLE OF CONTENTS General Session ________________________________________________________ 1 The National Cooperative Soil Survey-New Technology and Building for the Future, by Wayne M. Maresch, Acting Director for the Soil Survey Division, USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service _______________________________________________ 1 The Importance of Statistical Documentation – Keeping Soil Survey Information Relevant in the 21st Century, by Maurice J. Mausbach, Deputy Chief for Soil Survey and Resource Assessment, USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service ______________ 3 Challenges to the Soil Survey: Soil Information for a Changing World, by Craig Cox, Executive Director, Soil and Water Conservation Society__________________________ 7 National Cooperative Soil Survey Conferences—Definition and Bylaws__________ 14 2002 Regional NCSS Conferences ________________________________________ 20 South Regional Cooperative Soil Survey Conference, 2002--Highlights______________ 20 West Regional CSS Conference Highlights and Recommendations _________________ 20 Northeast Cooperative Soil Survey Conference—Highlights and Recommendations___ 26 North Central Cooperative Soil Survey Conference – Highlights and Recommendations _________________________________________________________________________ 32 Committees ___________________________________________________________ 33 Standing Committees—General Descriptions___________________________________ 33 IN-Conference 2003 Committees—General Descriptions _________________________ 36 Standing Committee Reports _____________________________________________ 42 NCSS Research Agenda Standing Committee___________________________________ 42 Charge 1: Identify, document, prioritize, and address the critical research issues within NCSS ______________________________________________________________________________ 42 Charge 2: Identify opportunities for funding priority research needs ____________________ 43 Monitoring Long Term Soil Property Changes--Task Force Report _____________________ 44 Outstanding Research Project: Seasonal Saturation and Morphology Relationships________ 59 NCSS Standards Standing Committee_________________________________________ 61 Biological Soil Crust Subcommittee ________________________________________________ 63 Subaqueous Soil Mapping________________________________________________________ 69 ICOMANTH Circular Letter No. 4-- Review and Testing______________________________ 73 International Committee for the Classification of Anthropogenic Soils (ICOMANTH) Circular Letter No. 4 released January 31, 2003 __________________________________________ 82 International Committee on Soil Moisture and Temperature Regimes (ICOMMOTR)______ 93 NCSS Standing Committee on New Technology_________________________________ 95 USDI/NPS New Technologies Activities Report ______________________________________ 97 USDA/NRCS Soil Landscape Analysis Activities Report______________________________ 100 USDI/BLM New Technologies Activities Report ____________________________________ 102 Outstanding Project Using New Technology- _______________________________________ 103 Into the Wild with Technology-The Making of the Denali Park Soil Survey, Alaska _______ 103 i 2003 National Cooperative Soil Survey Conference Plymouth, Massachusetts IN-Conference Committee Reports _______________________________________ 104 2003 Committee 1 –Rapid Response Quality Improvement Team for Soil Survey Publications______________________________________________________________ 104 2003 Conference Committee 2 -- Ecological Interpretations and Principles Committee105 2003 Conference Committee 3--New Inventory Techniques and Delivery Systems in Production Soil Survey ____________________________________________________ 106 Committee Discussions _________________________________________________________ 107 Recommendations _____________________________________________________________ 107 Written Responses To Charges___________________________________________________ 107 2003 Conference Committee 4--Recruitment and Retention of Soil Scientists in Soil Survey __________________________________________________________________ 119 Charge 1: Investigate what incentives and programs are available to the NCSS to recruit soil scientists with Office of Personnel Management for the federal government. _____________ 120 Charge 2: What are the reasons that students do not apply for federal jobs when they are made available? ____________________________________________________________________ 120 Charge 3: What impedes applicants from registering with OPM for positions such as soil scientist or soil conservationist? __________________________________________________ 121 Charge 4: What scholarships are available nationwide that support students in soil science? 121 Charge 5: Gather recommendations from past national and regional committee reports for retention of soil scientists in agencies and report on progress. _________________________ 122 Charge 6: Explore options for electronic or internet clearinghouse that improves information flow on positions, student applicants, scholarships, grants, and contacts within NCSS._____ 123 Charge 7: Promote internships and career intern program in federal government to provide more opportunities for high school and college age students to consider soil science as a career. _____________________________________________________________________________ 123 Attachment 1 --2001 Conference Committee 4⎯Recruitment and Retention of Soil Scientists in Soil Survey ___________________________________________________________________ 124 Attachment 2--Subject: Listing of Scholarship Programs _____________________________ 127 NCSS 2003 Committee 5--Water Movement and Water Table Monitoring in Soil Survey ________________________________________________________________________ 131 Charge 1: This committee will review water table studies nationally to formulate regional guidance of measurement techniques, database documentation and interpretations for taxonomy and practical user applications in soil survey. ____________________________________________________ 131 Charge 2: What are the lessons learned from the wet soil monitoring project, 1990-2001 that could be applied for future studies?______________________________________________________ 140 Charge 3: How might studies of regional or local hydrology apply to updating and refining soil survey information? _____________________________________________________________ 141 Charge 4: How might the concepts of hydropedology apply to soil survey? _________________ 141 Charge 5: How may sub-aqueous soil mapping be incorporated in soil survey? ______________ 142 2003 Conference Committee 6--Report of the National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils(NTCHS) ____________________________________________________________ 143 NCSS Cooperator’s Reports ____________________________________________ 144 The University Cooperator’s Perspective-- Strategic Planning for the Future _______ 144 BLM Report: Continuing to Meet the Challenges of Soil Survey on Public Lands____ 146 USDA Forest Service --Soil Survey on Public Lands: Special Needs and Opportunities149 National Park Service (NPS) Soil Resources Inventory __________________________ 151 Department of Defense(DOD)—NRCS Liaison to the Army______________________ 155 ii 2003 National Cooperative Soil Survey Conference Plymouth, Massachusetts National Association of State Conservation Agencies (NASCA) – Partnership in Soil Survey with State Government______________________________________________ 156 Two Perspectives of a Native American / NRCS Interface in Soil Survey & Soil Services ________________________________________________________________________ 160 A Roundtable on Meeting the Needs of the Professional Soil Scientist______________ 168 Canada’s New Initiatives in Soil Information Upgrade and Delivery_______________ 172 NCSS Special Reports _________________________________________________ 179 Soil Change and Natural Resources Decision Making: A Blueprint for Soil Survey __ 179 Soil Indicators of Rangeland Health Evaluation Systems: Potentials for Assessing and Monitoring Change in Soils_________________________________________________ 187 Arid Soils Study in South Africa and Namibia --Slides and discussion on the Arid Soil Study and Field Tour______________________________________________________ 199 Appendix 1—Workshops _______________________________________________ 200 Correlation and Management of MLRA Soil Surveys ___________________________ 200 NASIS Database – Intro to Interpretations Modules and Fuzzy Logic _____________ 202 Appendix 2—Agenda__________________________________________________ 204 Appendix 3—Participants ______________________________________________ 209 Appendix 4--Conference Recommendations to NCSS ________________________ 216 Appendix 6—Steering Team Minutes_____________________________________ 217 Appendix 7-National Cooperative Soil Survey Conferences: Structure and Function Task Force __________________________________________________________ 219 iii 2003 National Cooperative Soil Survey Conference Plymouth, Massachusetts The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or familial status (Not all prohibited bases apply
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Agricultural Soil Compaction: Causes and Management
    October 2010 Agdex 510-1 Agricultural Soil Compaction: Causes and Management oil compaction can be a serious and unnecessary soil aggregates, which has a negative affect on soil S form of soil degradation that can result in increased aggregate structure. soil erosion and decreased crop production. Soil compaction can have a number of negative effects on Compaction of soil is the compression of soil particles into soil quality and crop production including the following: a smaller volume, which reduces the size of pore space available for air and water. Most soils are composed of • causes soil pore spaces to become smaller about 50 per cent solids (sand, silt, clay and organic • reduces water infiltration rate into soil matter) and about 50 per cent pore spaces. • decreases the rate that water will penetrate into the soil root zone and subsoil • increases the potential for surface Compaction concerns water ponding, water runoff, surface soil waterlogging and soil erosion Soil compaction can impair water Soil compaction infiltration into soil, crop emergence, • reduces the ability of a soil to hold root penetration and crop nutrient and can be a serious water and air, which are necessary for water uptake, all of which result in form of soil plant root growth and function depressed crop yield. • reduces crop emergence as a result of soil crusting Human-induced compaction of degradation. • impedes root growth and limits the agricultural soil can be the result of using volume of soil explored by roots tillage equipment during soil cultivation or result from the heavy weight of field equipment. • limits soil exploration by roots and Compacted soils can also be the result of natural soil- decreases the ability of crops to take up nutrients and forming processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Soil Crust Community Types Differ in Key Ecological Functions
    UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works Title Biological soil crust community types differ in key ecological functions Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cs0f55w Authors Pietrasiak, Nicole David Lam Jeffrey R. Johansen et al. Publication Date 2013-10-01 DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.05.011 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Soil Biology & Biochemistry 65 (2013) 168e171 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Soil Biology & Biochemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/soilbio Short communication Biological soil crust community types differ in key ecological functions Nicole Pietrasiak a,*, John U. Regus b, Jeffrey R. Johansen c,e, David Lam a, Joel L. Sachs b, Louis S. Santiago d a University of California, Riverside, Soil and Water Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, 2258 Geology Building, Riverside, CA 92521, USA b University of California, Riverside, Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA c Biology Department, John Carroll University, 1 John Carroll Blvd., University Heights, OH 44118, USA d University of California, Riverside, Botany & Plant Sciences Department, 3113 Bachelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521, USA e Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic article info abstract Article history: Soil stability, nitrogen and carbon fixation were assessed for eight biological soil crust community types Received 22 February 2013 within a Mojave Desert wilderness site. Cyanolichen crust outperformed all other crusts in multi- Received in revised form functionality whereas incipient crust had the poorest performance. A finely divided classification of 17 May 2013 biological soil crust communities improves estimation of ecosystem function and strengthens the Accepted 18 May 2013 accuracy of landscape-scale assessments.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of a Sub-Cambrian Paleosol in Wisconsin
    Anatomy of a Sub-Cambrian Paleosol in Wisconsin: Mass Fluxes of Chemical Weathering and Climatic Conditions in North America during Formation of the Cambrian Great Unconformity L. Gordon Medaris Jr.,1,* Steven G. Driese,2 Gary E. Stinchcomb,3 John H. Fournelle,1 Seungyeol Lee,1,4 Huifang Xu,1,4 Lyndsay DiPietro,2 Phillip Gopon,5 and Esther K. Stewart6 1. Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA; 2. Department of Geosciences, Terrestrial Paleoclimatology Research Group, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA; 3. Department of Geosciences and Watershed Studies Institute, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky 42071, USA; 4. NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA; 5. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, United Kingdom; 6. Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA ABSTRACT A paleosol beneath the Upper Cambrian Mount Simon Sandstone in Wisconsin provides an opportunity to evaluate the characteristics of Cambrian weathering in a subtropical climate, having been located at 207S paleolatitude 500 My ago. The 285-cm-thick paleosol resulted from advanced chemical weathering of a gabbroic protolith, recording a total mass loss of 50%. Weathering of hornblende and plagioclase produced a pedogenic assemblage of quartz, chlorite, kaolinite, goethite, and, in the lowest part of the profile, siderite. Despite the paucity of quartz in the protolith and 40% removal of SiO2 from the profile, quartz constitutes 11%–23% of the pedogenic mineral assemblage. Like many other Precambrian and Cambrian paleosols in the Lake Superior region, the paleosol experienced potassium metasomatism, now con- taining 10%–25% mixed-layer illite-vermiculite and 5%–44% potassium feldspar.
    [Show full text]
  • Soil Crusts Structural Soil Crusts Are Relatively Thin, Dense, Somewhat Continuous Layers of Non-Aggregated Soil Particles on the Surface of Tilled and Exposed Soils
    Indicator Test Function USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service P F W Soil Quality Indicators Soil Crusts Structural soil crusts are relatively thin, dense, somewhat continuous layers of non-aggregated soil particles on the surface of tilled and exposed soils. Structural crusts develop when a sealed-over soil surface dries out after rainfall or irrigation. Water droplets striking soil aggregates and water flowing across soil breaks aggregates into individual soil particles. Fine soil particles wash, settle into and block surface pores causing the soil surface to seal over and preventing water from soaking into the soil. As the muddy soil surface dries out, it crusts over. Left: Note the surface crust on this soil. The field was in tall fescue sod for 11 years. It was cleared and plowed using conventional Structural crusts range from a few tenths to as thick as two tillage methods. Photo courtesy Bobby Brock, USDA NRCS (retired). Right: Collected from a no-till field in Georgia’s Southern inches. A surface crust is much more compact, hard and Piedmont, good structure and aggregation are evident in the soil on brittle when dry than the soil immediately beneath it, the right. The same soil formed a structural crust under which may be loose and friable. Crusts can be described by conventional tillage. Note the sunlight reflectance of the crusted their strength, or air-dry rupture resistance. soil. Photo courtesy James E. Dean, USDA NRCS (retired). Soil crusting is also associated with biological and Dynamic - Management activities that deplete soil chemical factors. A biological crust is a living community organic matter and leave soil bare, smooth and exposed to of lichen, cyanobacteria, algae, and moss growing on the the direct impact of water droplets increase soil dispersion, soil surface that bind the soil together.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Soil Crust Rehabilitation in Theory and Practice: an Underexploited Opportunity Matthew A
    REVIEW Biological Soil Crust Rehabilitation in Theory and Practice: An Underexploited Opportunity Matthew A. Bowker1,2 Abstract techniques; and (3) monitoring. Statistical predictive Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are ubiquitous lichen–bryo- modeling is a useful method for estimating the potential phyte microbial communities, which are critical structural BSC condition of a rehabilitation site. Various rehabilita- and functional components of many ecosystems. How- tion techniques attempt to correct, in decreasing order of ever, BSCs are rarely addressed in the restoration litera- difficulty, active soil erosion (e.g., stabilization techni- ture. The purposes of this review were to examine the ques), resource deficiencies (e.g., moisture and nutrient ecological roles BSCs play in succession models, the augmentation), or BSC propagule scarcity (e.g., inoc- backbone of restoration theory, and to discuss the prac- ulation). Success will probably be contingent on prior tical aspects of rehabilitating BSCs to disturbed eco- evaluation of site conditions and accurate identification systems. Most evidence indicates that BSCs facilitate of constraints to BSC reestablishment. Rehabilitation of succession to later seres, suggesting that assisted recovery BSCs is attainable and may be required in the recovery of of BSCs could speed up succession. Because BSCs are some ecosystems. The strong influence that BSCs exert ecosystem engineers in high abiotic stress systems, loss of on ecosystems is an underexploited opportunity for re- BSCs may be synonymous with crossing degradation storationists to return disturbed ecosystems to a desirable thresholds. However, assisted recovery of BSCs may trajectory. allow a transition from a degraded steady state to a more desired alternative steady state. In practice, BSC rehabili- Key words: aridlands, cryptobiotic soil crusts, cryptogams, tation has three major components: (1) establishment of degradation thresholds, state-and-transition models, goals; (2) selection and implementation of rehabilitation succession.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Proximal Soil Sensor Data Fusion and Digital Soil Mapping For
    The use of proximal soil sensor data fusion and digital soil mapping for precision agriculture Wenjun Ji, Viacheslav Adamchuk, Songchao Chen, Asim Biswas, Maxime Leclerc, Raphael Viscarra Rossel To cite this version: Wenjun Ji, Viacheslav Adamchuk, Songchao Chen, Asim Biswas, Maxime Leclerc, et al.. The use of proximal soil sensor data fusion and digital soil mapping for precision agriculture. Pedometrics 2017, Jun 2017, Wageningen, Netherlands. 298 p. hal-01601278 HAL Id: hal-01601278 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01601278 Submitted on 2 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike| 4.0 International License Abstract Book Pedometrics 2017 Wageningen, 26 June – 1 July 2017 2 Contents Evaluating Use of Ground Penetrating Radar and Geostatistic Methods for Mapping Soil Cemented Horizon .................................... 13 Digital soil mapping in areas of mussunungas: algoritmos comparission .......... 14 Sensing of farm and district-scale soil moisture content using a mobile cosmic ray probe (COSMOS Rover) .................................... 15 Proximal sensing of soil crack networks using three-dimensional electrical resistivity to- mography ......................................... 16 Using digital microscopy for rapid determination of soil texture and prediction of soil organic matter .....................................
    [Show full text]
  • National Cooperative Soil Survey and Biological Soil Crusts
    Biological Soil Crusts Status Report 2003 National Cooperative Soil Survey Conference Plymouth, Massachusetts June 16 - 20, 2003 Table of Contents I. NCSS 2003 National Conference Proceedings II. Report and recommendations of the soil crust task force - 2002 West Regional Cooperative Soil Survey Conference Task Force Members Charges Part I. Executive Summary and Recommendations Part II. Report on Charges Part III. Research Needs, Action Items, Additional Charges Part IV. Resources for Additional Information Part V. Appendices Appendix 1 - Agency needs Appendix 2 - Draft material for incorporation into the Soil Survey Manual Introduction Relationship to Mineral Crusts Types of Biological Soil Crusts Figure 1. Biological soil crust types. Major Components of Soil Crusts: Cyanobacteria, Lichens, and Mosses Table 1. Morphological groups for biological crust components and their N-fixing characteristics. (Belnap et al. 2001) Soil Surface Roughness/Crust Age Distribution of Crusts References Appendix 3 - Guidelines for describing soil surface features, Version 2.0 Surface features Table 1. Surface features Determining Percent Cover Equipment Method 1. Step-point Method 2. Ocular estimate with quadrats Method 3. Line-point quadrat Method 4. Stratified line-point intercept Method 5. Ocular estimate Appendix 3a - Data sheets used in Moab field test Appendix 4 - Soil descriptions Discussion Group 1 Group 3 Group 2 Group 4 Appendix 5 - Photography Biological Soil Crust Status Report NCSS National Conference June 16-20, 2003 Table of Contents III. Task force's response to the following questions posed by the 2002 West Regional Standards Committee 1. Are biological soil crusts plants, soil or combination of both? 2. Is it appropriate to think of these crusts as plant communities with potentials, state and transition? 3.
    [Show full text]
  • A Field Guide to Biological Soil Crusts of Western U.S. Drylands Common Lichens and Bryophytes
    A Field Guide to Biological Soil Crusts of Western U.S. Drylands Common Lichens and Bryophytes Roger Rosentreter Matthew Bowker Jayne Belnap Photographs by Stephen Sharnoff Roger Rosentreter, Ph.D. Bureau of Land Management Idaho State Office 1387 S. Vinnell Way Boise, ID 83709 Matthew Bowker, Ph.D. Center for Environmental Science and Education Northern Arizona University Box 5694 Flagstaff, AZ 86011 Jayne Belnap, Ph.D. U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center Canyonlands Research Station 2290 S. West Resource Blvd. Moab, UT 84532 Design and layout by Tina M. Kister, U.S. Geological Survey, Canyonlands Research Station, 2290 S. West Resource Blvd., Moab, UT 84532 All photos, unless otherwise indicated, copyright © 2007 Stephen Sharnoff, Ste- phen Sharnoff Photography, 2709 10th St., Unit E, Berkeley, CA 94710-2608, www.sharnoffphotos.com/. Rosentreter, R., M. Bowker, and J. Belnap. 2007. A Field Guide to Biological Soil Crusts of Western U.S. Drylands. U.S. Government Printing Office, Denver, Colorado. Cover photos: Biological soil crust in Canyonlands National Park, Utah, cour- tesy of the U.S. Geological Survey. 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................... 4 How to use this guide .................................................................................... 4 Introduction ................................................................................................... 4 Crust composition ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Seed and Soil Dynamics in Shrubland Ecosystems: Proceedings; 2002 August 12–16; Laramie, WY
    United States Department of Agriculture Seed and Soil Dynamics in Forest Service Rocky Mountain Shrubland Ecosystems: Research Station Proceedings Proceedings RMRS-P-31 February 2004 Abstract Hild, Ann L.; Shaw, Nancy L.; Meyer, Susan E.; Booth, D. Terrance; McArthur, E. Durant, comps. 2004. Seed and soil dynamics in shrubland ecosystems: proceedings; 2002 August 12–16; Laramie, WY. Proc. RMRS-P-31. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 216 p. The 38 papers in this proceedings are divided into six sections; the first includes an overview paper and documentation of the first Shrub Research Consortium Distinguished Service Award. The next four sections cluster papers on restoration and revegetation, soil and microsite requirements, germination and establishment of desired species, and community ecology of shrubland systems. The final section contains descriptions of the field trips to the High Plains Grassland Research Station and to the Snowy Range and Medicine Bow Peak. The proceedings unites many papers on germination of native seed with vegetation ecology, soil physio- chemical properties, and soil biology to create a volume describing the interactions of seeds and soils in arid and semiarid shrubland ecosystems. Keywords: wildland shrubs, seed, soil, restoration, rehabilitation, seed bank, seed germination, biological soil crusts Acknowledgments The symposium, field trips, and subsequent publication of this volume were made possible through the hard work of many people. We wish to thank everyone who took a part in ensuring the success of the meetings, trade show, and paper submissions. We thank the University of Wyoming Office of Academic Affairs, the Graduate School, and its Dean, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Soil Crusts: Ecology and Management
    BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Technical Reference 1730-2 2001 U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management U.S. Geological Survey Biological Soil Crusts: Ecology & Management This publication was jointly funded by the USDI, BLM, and USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. Though this document was produced through an interagency effort, the following BLM numbers have been assigned for tracking and administrative purposes: Technical Reference 1730-2 BLM/ID/ST-01/001+1730 Biological Soil Crusts: Ecology & Management Biological Soil Crusts: Ecology and Management Authors: Jayne Belnap Julie Hilty Kaltenecker USDI Geological Survey Boise State University/USDI Bureau of Land Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Management Moab, Utah Idaho State Office, BLM Boise, Idaho Roger Rosentreter John Williams USDI Bureau of Land Management USDA Agricultural Research Service Idaho State Office Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center Boise, Idaho Pendleton, Oregon Steve Leonard David Eldridge USDI Bureau of Land Management Department of Land and Water Conservation National Riparian Service Team New South Wales Prineville, Oregon Australia Illustrated by Meggan Laxalt Edited by Pam Peterson Produced By United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Printed Materials Distribution Center BC-650-B P.O. Box 25047 Denver, Colorado 80225-0047 Technical Reference 1730-2 2001 Biological Soil Crusts: Ecology & Management ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We gratefully acknowledge the following individuals
    [Show full text]
  • 3.1 Geology, Soils, Biological Soil Crusts, and Erosion
    SECTION 3 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES, AND MITIGATION 3.1 GEOLOGY, SOILS, BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS, AND EROSION This section presents information on the existing environment and potential environmental effects from the Project, and proposes mitigation of Project effects to geology, soils, and biological soil crusts in the Project Area. Potential effects from the Project include erosion and seismic hazards. The Proposed Action (including the two options of the Proposed Action), the Alternatives and the No Action Alternative were evaluated as part of this analysis. 3.1.1 Methodology The evaluation was conducted using digital data sources and previously conducted studies. Sources reviewed included the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (ODOGMI) digital geological map and seismicity maps and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) fault zone maps. A geological report (Smith 2008) and geotechnical report (Shannon and Wilson 2009) completed for the Echanis Wind Energy Project (Echanis Project) were also reviewed. Soil characteristics discussed herein were obtained from the Harney County Soil Survey digital soils maps (NRCS 1997). Locations of biological soil crust monitoring stations were supplied by the BLM. The analysis incorporated comments from the public scoping process which was conducted from July to September, 2009. In general, comments related to this resource area from local organizations and private citizens were limited to the following key issues: • Effects to fragile soils and geological features; • Increased erosion; and • Presence of and effects to biotic soil crusts. The Proposed Action and Alternative Actions and procedures that were evaluated are based on information provided in the Plan of Development for the transmission lines (Columbia Energy Partners [CEP] 2009) and the Application for Conditional Use Permit for the wind farm (CEP 2007), along with supplemental information provided through personal communications (M.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Soil Crusts Along the BIOTA Southern Africa Transects.Pdf
    Biodiversity in Southern Africa in Southern Biodiversity Namibia ISBNNamibia ISBN Germany ISBNGermany ISBN Biodiversity in 9 789991 6573019 789991 657301 9 783933 1174419 783933 117441 Southern Africa Biodiversity is important for sustaining life on Earth yet it is threatened globally. The BIOTA V ol. 2 Southern Africa project analysed the causes, trends, and processes of change in biodiversity in 2 Namibia and western South Africa over nearly a full decade, from 2001 until 2010. This book, Patterns Patterns and Processes which is comprised of three volumes, offers a summary of the results9 783933 from the 1174589 many 783933 and 117458 diverse 9 789991 6573189 789991 657318 and subprojects during this fi rst period of long-term observation and related research, at both local Processes at Regional Scale and regional scales, and with a focus on sustainable land management options for the region. at Regional Scale ISBN-Namibia ISBN-Germany PUBLISHERS KLAUS HESS 9 783933 117465 9 789991 6573259 789991 657325 9 783933 117465 9 783933 1174729 783933 117472 9 789991 6573329 789991 657332 © University of Hamburg 2010 All rights reserved Klaus Hess Publishers www.k-hess-verlag.de ISBN all volumes: 978-3-933117-44-1 (Germany), 978-99916-57-30-1 (Namibia) ISBN this volume: 978-3-933117-46-5 (Germany), 978-99916-57-32-5 (Namibia) Printed in Germany Suggestion for citations: Volume: Schmiedel, U., Jürgens, N. (2010) (eds.): Biodiversity in southern Africa 2: Patterns and processes at regional scale. Göttingen & Windhoek: Klaus Hess Publishers. Article (example): Petersen, A., Gröngröft, A., Mills, A., Miehlich, G. (2010): Soils along the BIOTA transect.
    [Show full text]