DOCSLIB.ORG

An Overview of US Blueberry Production, Trade, and Consumption, with Special Reference to Florida1 Edward A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

FE952 An Overview of US Blueberry Production, Trade, and Consumption, with Special Reference to Florida1 Edward A. Evans and Fredy H. Ballen2 Introduction the total production of blueberries was traded in the world market. Blueberry is cultivated commercially in about 27 countries worldwide, most of which are located in temperate zones. Between 2002 and 2011, world blueberry production grew at an annual rate of 5.45 percent, from 230,769 tonnes in 2002 to 356,533 tonnes in 2011. Blueberry production in 2011 was 13.66 percent higher than in the previous year, and 54.50 percent above the 2002 calendar year. The top five blueberry producers are the United States, Canada, Poland, Mexico, and Germany, respectively (FAOSTAT 2013a). The United States is by far the largest blueberry producer, with a production share of 56.07 percent between 2009 and 2011, followed by Canada (30.29%), Poland (2.92%), Germany (2.5%), and Mexico (0.94%). Between 2001 and 2010, global exports of blueberry more than doubled, from 53,232 tonnes in 2001 to over 113,000 tonnes in 2010 (FAOSTAT 2013b). During this same period, export value grew from $119.29 million in 2001 to $370.97 million in 2010. The top five exporters are the United States, Canada, Poland, the Netherlands, and Spain, respectively. The United States accounted for 50.94 Global blueberry imports grew from 49,224 tonnes in percent of the world exports from 2008 to 2010, followed by 2002 to over 113,000 tonnes in 2010. The United States is Canada (25.89%), Poland (6.78%), the Netherlands (5.44%), the largest importer, absorbing 63.30 percent of the global and Spain (1.74%). Blueberry has a high export ratio, as a imports between 2008 and 2010, followed by Canada significant percentage of its production goes to the interna- (19.08%), Germany (3.69%), Austria (2.33%), and the tional markets. For example, in 2010, about 26.62 percent of Netherlands (1.17%). These top five importer countries 1. This document is FE952, one of a series of the Food and Resource Economics Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date May 2014. Reviewed October 2017. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. Edward A. Evans, assistant professor, Food and Resource Economics Department; and Fredy H. Ballen, economic analysis coordinator II; UF/IFAS Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, FL 33031. The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. For more information on obtaining other UF/IFAS Extension publications, contact your county’s UF/IFAS Extension office. U.S. Department of Agriculture, UF/IFAS Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A & M University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Nick T. Place, dean for UF/IFAS Extension. accounted for over 89 percent of the global blueberry trade to low temperatures) requirement (more than 800 hours) between 2008 and 2010 (FAOSTAT 2013b). compared to southern highbush and rabbiteye blueberries. Plants grow five to nine feet tall. In terms of consumption, the United States and Canada, respectively, are the main consumers of blueberries. Southern highbush blueberries were developed to allow Together, these two countries consume 76.82 percent of the blueberry production in “low-chill” areas. A dormant plant global blueberry exports. This is noteworthy considering requires a certain amount of chilling (exposure to tem- that the combined population of these two countries is less peratures between 32°F and 45°F during winter dormancy) than 350 million people, or about 5 percent of the estimated to break bud and flower normally. Southern highbush 7 billion people comprising the global population. blueberries have a low chilling requirement (200 to 300 hours) compared to other types of blueberries. Plants can While the United States plays an important role on the grow as high as ten feet tall. international blueberry market as both exporter and importer, it is mainly a net blueberry importer. Domestic Rabbiteye blueberries are native to the southeastern production and per-capita consumption of the fruit have United States. These blueberries require long, hot summers. followed an upward trend since 2000. Florida blueberry Plants grow from six to ten feet tall. cultivation has expanded due to early-ripening cultivars that bring higher prices during the early part of the domes- Lowbush blueberries are native from Minnesota to tic crop season. Therefore, Florida growers might explore Virginia and from the northeastern United States to the blueberries as a profitable alternative crop. maritime provinces of Canada. They seldom grow higher than 1.5 feet tall, and are protected from extreme winter The objective of this document is to provide updated weather by snow. In the marketing data, they often are information about the recent trends in blueberry produc- listed as wild blueberries. tion, consumption, and trade for the US market. Current and future short-term trends are discussed. Price analysis Half-high blueberries are the result of crosses between at the wholesale level for selected markets on the US East the northern highbush and lowbush blueberry varieties. Coast (New York City) and US West Coast (Los Angeles) They were developed for cold climates; these cultivars will are presented. Also, the national average retail prices for tolerate –35°F to –45°F temperatures. Plants grow from 3 conventional and organic blueberries are presented. to 4 feet tall, with most of the fruiting area below the snow line. US Blueberry Market Production Between 2002 and 2011, total US blueberry production The United States is the largest blueberry-producing more than doubled, from 113,976 tonnes in 2002 to 231,994 country, accounting for over half of the global production. tonnes in 2011 (USDA/ERS 2012a). The rise in production Because of the availability of cultivars suitable for very can be attributed to several factors, including new produc- different climatic conditions, blueberry production is tion regions, higher yields, and significant increases in widely spread throughout the continental United States. planted areas in some of the established production states. For example, in 2011, the top five state producers and their The top three US blueberry-producing states are Michigan, share of total production were Michigan (19.21%), Maine Maine, and Oregon. Michigan is the largest producer, with (17.44%), Oregon (11.53%), New Jersey (11.25%), and a production share of 19.21 percent for 2009 to 2011, fol- Georgia (11.18%) (USDA/ERS 2013). North American lowed by Maine (17.44%) and Oregon (11.53%). Together, blueberries are available from April through October, with these three states supply almost half of the total domestic the peak season running from June to August (Blueberry- blueberry production. California and Mississippi are the council.org 2013). There are five main types of blueberries latest entrants into the domestic blueberry market. Between grown in the United States: northern highbush, southern 2009 and 2011, California contributed 5.84 percent and highbush, rabbiteye, lowbush, and half-high (Strik and Finn Mississippi 1.67 percent of the total blueberries sold on the 2008). market. Production in most of the blueberry-producing states continues on its upward trend, with the following Northern highbush blueberries are native to much of states experiencing sharp significant increases in output the eastern and northeastern United States, from the over the 2002–2011 period: Florida (637.93%), Washington Appalachian Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean. Northern (346.88%), Georgia (264.70%), and Oregon (174.16%). highbush blueberries have a long chilling time (exposure An Overview of US Blueberry Production, Trade, and Consumption, with Special Reference to Florida 2 Between 2009 and 2011, about 51 percent of the total US represented 60.12 percent of all blueberry imports in 2003, blueberry production was sold as fresh fruit, while 48 and 17.34 percent in 2012. Data collection of US imports percent of production was sold as processed fruit (USDA/ of organic blueberries began in 2011; organic blueberries ERS 2012a). As mentioned earlier, production in Florida accounted for 0.45 percent of the total US blueberry has been on the upswing, and it is sold mainly in the fresh imports in 2012. market. The state is currently ranked ninth according to the 2009–2011 data, but is expected to improve in ranking in the future. Florida commercial blueberry production takes place in three regions of the state: north-central, central, and south-central. Most of the Florida blueberry crop is grown in the north-central region (Alachua, Lake, Marion, Putnam, and Sumter Counties), which accounts for about 40 percent of the state blueberry acreage. Next in importance is the central region (Hernando, Hillsborough, Orange, Pasco, and Polk Counties), which accounts for 35 percent of the state blueberry acreage. Last in importance is the south-central region (Desoto, Hardee, Highlands, Manatee, and Sarasota Counties), which accounts for about 20 percent of the state blueberry acreage. Because Florida blueberry production comes from early- Figure 1. US fresh and frozen blueberry
Recommended publications
  • Second Ozblu Blueberry Shipment from South Africa Seized in Europe

    Second Ozblu Blueberry Shipment from South Africa Seized in Europe

    A second shipment of OZblu blueberries from South Africa in as many weeks has been seized by Dutch customs, according to United Exports. United Exports, the Australia-headquartered company, said it had been "reliably informed that the Dutch Customs Authority has intercepted and seized another shipment of fresh blueberries from South African grower, Ross Berries." "The 40ft reefer container containing a 16,600-kilogram shipment of fruit was confiscated in terms of the European Union’s Intellectual Property, Counterfeit and Piracy Regulations." United Exports announced last week that a shipment of OZblu blueberries had been intercepted in the Netherlands after it was grown and exported without its authorization. At that time it did not provide the name of the South African company in question. It said that Ross Berries, a Rossouw Farming Group company, was attempting to export the fruit "in flagrant disregard and abuse of the proprietary rights of United Exports", which holds the Community Plant Variety Rights in the OZblu blueberry plants and their fruit in the European Union and across the World. "This is the second such transgression after a shipment was seized last week on 27th October 2020 on the same grounds," it said. "The European Union Customs Authority, has notified the authorities at all points of entry across the European Union to monitor the import of South African blueberries into the European Union to prevent the further infringement of United Exports’ intellectual property rights in relation to its OZblu blueberry plants and fruit. "Civil claims are also pending both locally and abroad. Following the seizure of the first shipment, the Dutch Customs Authority has again brought proceedings in the Netherlands against the South African fruit exporter, Freshworld (Pty) Ltd, the international shipper, and the Belgian customer to whom Ross Berries and Freshworld sold the fruit.
  • Suggested Answers Problem Set 3 Health Economics

    Suggested Answers Problem Set 3 Health Economics

    Suggested Answers Problem Set 3 Health Economics Bill Evans Spring 2013 1. Please see the final page of the answer key for the graph. To determine the market clearing level of quantity, set inverse supply equal to inverse demand and solve for Q. 40 + 4Q = 400 - 8Q, so 360=12Q or Q=30. Initial equilibrium is point a below. Substitute this back into either inverse demand or supply and solve for P, P=40+4Q = 40+4(30) = 160. CS = 0.5(400-160)(30) = 3600. PS = 0.5(160-40)(30) = 1800. 2. Given the externality, the MSC= 52+4Q. The socially optimal output is where MSC=Inverse demand, 52+4Q = 400 - 8Q and therefore Q=29. Market clearing price should be P=400 - 8Q = 400 - 8(29) = 168 (point b). Because of the externality, market production is greater than socially optimal. The social cost of producing Q=30 is MSC = 52+4Q = 172. Since the externality is not internalized, consumers receive a benefit of dbae. The social cost is dbce. Therefore, deadweight loss is abc. This value is 0.5(1)(12) = 6. 3. The market equilibrium is determined by setting inverse supply equal to inverse demand and solving for Q: 8+2Q = 80 - Q, so 72=3Q so Q=24. Price would equal 8+2(24) = 56. The MSB=80-2Q so the socially optimal consumption would be at the point where inverse supply equals MSB, or 8+2Q = 80-2Q so 72=4Q or Q=18. Suppliers would supply this amount at a price of 8+2Q = 8+2(18) = 44.
  • British Library Conference Centre

    British Library Conference Centre

    The Fifth International Graphic Novel and Comics Conference 18 – 20 July 2014 British Library Conference Centre In partnership with Studies in Comics and the Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics Production and Institution (Friday 18 July 2014) Opening address from British Library exhibition curator Paul Gravett (Escape, Comica) Keynote talk from Pascal Lefèvre (LUCA School of Arts, Belgium): The Gatekeeping at Two Main Belgian Comics Publishers, Dupuis and Lombard, at a Time of Transition Evening event with Posy Simmonds (Tamara Drewe, Gemma Bovary) and Steve Bell (Maggie’s Farm, Lord God Almighty) Sedition and Anarchy (Saturday 19 July 2014) Keynote talk from Scott Bukatman (Stanford University, USA): The Problem of Appearance in Goya’s Los Capichos, and Mignola’s Hellboy Guest speakers Mike Carey (Lucifer, The Unwritten, The Girl With All The Gifts), David Baillie (2000AD, Judge Dredd, Portal666) and Mike Perkins (Captain America, The Stand) Comics, Culture and Education (Sunday 20 July 2014) Talk from Ariel Kahn (Roehampton University, London): Sex, Death and Surrealism: A Lacanian Reading of the Short Fiction of Koren Shadmi and Rutu Modan Roundtable discussion on the future of comics scholarship and institutional support 2 SCHEDULE 3 FRIDAY 18 JULY 2014 PRODUCTION AND INSTITUTION 09.00-09.30 Registration 09.30-10.00 Welcome (Auditorium) Kristian Jensen and Adrian Edwards, British Library 10.00-10.30 Opening Speech (Auditorium) Paul Gravett, Comica 10.30-11.30 Keynote Address (Auditorium) Pascal Lefèvre – The Gatekeeping at
  • Kosovo Blueberries Filling Markets in Netherlands

    Kosovo Blueberries Filling Markets in Netherlands

    Kosovo Blueberries filling markets in Netherlands August 2018 — Making the move from an administrative job in Nether- How a farm became a thriving lands to growing blueberries in western Kosovo has had its ups and business employing women and downs for Besnik Lila. youth In Kosovo, blueberries are currently grown on a modest 50 hectares in total, over six different production zones involving 20 growers. Three years after its establishment, Lila’s farm, which is called Boost Berries, is a model for local agribusinesses, and blueberry cultivation is expected to spread into other areas of the country where growing con- ditions are right. The farm has become the largest blueberry operation in the country. Kosovo enjoys a very favorable climatic condition for high-quality pro- duction, with the country’s blueberry harvest coming to market at least 30 days before the main competition in Eastern Europe. I was so happy when they told me I could come and work,” said Minire Kelmendi, who was recent- In November 2015, a USAID grant helped Boost Berries to install a ly employed by the Boost Berries farm. modern drip-irrigation and fertigation system for blueberries, obtain the international food safety certificate for primary production, and facilitat- ed internships for newly graduated agronomists on the farm. The biggest challenge, according to 41-year-old Lila, who is co-owner of the farm, is steadying the farm’s operations with seasonal workers. While seasonal jobs are an extra source of income, for some, it is their sole source of income. At this local blueberry farm on the outskirts of “It’s important for me to see my work- Peja, about 100 seasonal workers found work this blueberry season as ers happy.

  • Wine by the Bottle Wine by the Bottle CHAMPAGNE FRANCE MV Duval Leroy 68 Brut | Reserve | À Vertus

    Wine By The Bottle Wine by the Bottle CHAMPAGNE FRANCE MV Duval Leroy 68 Brut | Reserve | À Vertus MV Aubry 81 Brut | Premier Cru MV Pierre Gimonnet & Fils 88 Brut | Premier Cru MV H. Billiot Fils “Réserve” 90 Brut | Grand Cru MV Louis Roederer 95 Brut | Premier Cru 2005 H. Goutorbe “Special Club” 120 Brut | Grand Cru MV Duval Leroy “Rosé Prestige” 123 Brut | Premier Cru MV Jacques Selosse “Initial” 270 Brut | Grand Cru | Blanc de Blancs 2005 Moët et Chandon “Cuvée Dom Pérignon” 310 Brut Wineries with the leaf symbol are certifed and committed to producing wines with the following initiatives in mind: Organic | Biodynamic | Sustainability | Salmon Safe SPARKLING MV Roscato “Rosso Dolce” (187 ml) 11 Sweet Red | Trento, Italy MV Ruffino(187 ml) 11 Sparkling Rosé | Florence, Italy MV Saracco (375ml) 20 Moscato D’Asti | Castiglione Tinella, Piedmont, Italy MV Arte Latino 20 Cava Brut | Vilanova i la Geltrú, Catalonia, Spain MV Prince De Lise “Blanc de Blancs” 27 Brut | Crémant de Bourgogne, France MV Bisol “Jeio” 34 Prosecco | Veneto, Italy MV Rivarose 33 Brut Rosé | Provence, France MV Camille Braun “Crémant d’Alsace” 53 Brut | Certified Organic | Alsace, France 2013 Ruggeri “Giustino B.” 60 Prosecco | Prosecco Superiore, Veneto, Italy MV J Vineyards “Cuvée – 20” 61 Cuvée Brut | Healdsburg, California 2014 Schramsberg 65 Brut | Blanc de Blancs | Napa Valley, California ROSÉ & BLUSH MV Beringer 28 White Zinfandel | California – MV 2016 Triennes 42 Rosé | Red Varietal Blend | Provence, France 2017 Bonny Doon “Vin Gris De Cigare” 44 Rosé |
  • Blueberry Pruning Video

    Blueberry Pruning Video

    Title: Blueberry Pruning Video Progress Report Grant Code: 2016-E-04 Research Proposal Name, Mailing and E-mail Address of Principle Investigator Erick D. Smith Assistant Professor Department of Horticulture The University of Georgia – Tifton Campus Ph. 229-386-3119 Email: [email protected] Objective: 1) To create an educational/extension video for pruning blueberry (dormant and summer pruning) Justification: Blueberry growers, both commercial and homeowner, frequently ask extension agents for the appropriate methods for blueberry care. Presently, many county agents look to their extension program to find bulletins, fact sheets, or other media on topics of interest. Agents in the southeastern U.S. also have another excellent resource for small fruit production information at The Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium (www.smallfruits.org) with IPM guides for blueberry, bramble, bunch grapes, and strawberries. However, I still receive a number of calls from agents, growers, and homeowners on pruning, soil, and tissue analysis. Recently, in Alma, GA, University of Georgia’s Area Blueberry Specialist, Renee Holland, held a field day where I demonstrated cane renewal (dormant pruning) and hedging (summer pruning) to an audience of 70. Because the field day was conducted 9/24/15, the plants were flush with foliage; making the demonstration of dormant pruning difficult for the audience to see specific cuts. After the demonstration, I was approached by some of the attendees and asked if any YouTube or extension videos existed for pruning. There are a number of commercial and homeowner videos; however, I referenced two videos specifically: 1.) Oregon State University’s “A growers guide to pruning highbush blueberries” featuring David Brazelton (https://media.oregonstate.edu/media/t/0_05v1qew6) and 2.) The University of Maine Cooperative Extension’s Experts on Demand “Pruning Blueberry Bushes” with David Handley (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fm6ZfpGy5oQ).
  • Average-Cost Pricing, Increasing Returns, and Optimal Output in a Model with Home and Market Production

    Average-Cost Pricing, Increasing Returns, and Optimal Output in a Model with Home and Market Production

    Average-cost pricing, increasing returns, and optimal output in a model with home and market production Yew-Kwang Ng Dept. of Economics, Monash University Email: [email protected] Dingsheng Zhang Dept. of Economics, Monash University Institute for Advanced Economic Studies, Wuhan University [email protected] Abstract The analysis of economies of specialization at the individual level by Yang & Shi (1992) and Yang & Ng (1993) is combined with the Dixit & Stiglitz (1977) analysis of monopolistic-competitive firms to show that, ignoring administrative costs and indirect effects (such as rent-seeking), even if both the home and the market sectors are produced under conditions of increasing returns and there are no pre- existing taxes, it is still efficient to tax the home sector to finance a subsidy on the market sector to offset the under-production of the latter due to the failure of price- taking consumers to take account of the effects of higher consumption in reducing the average costs and hence prices, through increasing returns or the publicness nature of fixed costs. Within market production, it is efficient to subsidise more the sector with a higher fixed cost, a lower elasticity of substitution between goods, and a lower degree of importance in preference which all increases the degree of increasing returns. Keywords: increasing returns, average-cost pricing, monopolistic competition, home production, optimal output, fixed costs. JEL Classifications: D43, H21, L11. 1 Average-cost pricing, increasing returns, and optimal output in a model with home and market production The issue of increasing returns is one of those that will be raised incessantly as a neat general solution is lacking and many different outcomes are possible.
  • A Framework for Nonmarket Accounting

    A Framework for Nonmarket Accounting

    This PDF is a selection from a published volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: A New Architecture for the U.S. National Accounts Volume Author/Editor: Dale W. Jorgenson, J. Steven Landefeld, and William D. Nordhaus, editors Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-41084-6 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/jorg06-1 Conference Date: April 16-17, 2004 Publication Date: May 2006 Title: A Framework for Nonmarket Accounting Author: Katharine G. Abraham, Christopher Mackie URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c0136 4 A Framework for Nonmarket Accounting Katharine G. Abraham and Christopher Mackie 4.1 Introduction and Motivation Since their earliest construction for the United States by Simon Kuznets in the 1930s (Kuznets 1934), concerns have been voiced that the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPAs) are incomplete. The NIPAs meet rigorous standards and enjoy broad acceptance among data users inter- ested in tracking economic activity. They are, however, primarily market based and, by design, shed little light on production in the home or in other nonmarket situations. Further, even where activity is organized in markets, important aspects of that activity may be omitted from the NIPAs. In other cases, unpaid time inputs and associated outputs are critical to production processes but, because no market transaction is associated with their pro- vision, they are not reflected in the accounts. One illustration is provided by estimates (LaPlante, Harrington, and Kang 2002) suggesting that the Katharine G. Abraham is a professor of survey methodology and adjunct professor of eco- nomics at the University of Maryland and a research associate of the National Bureau of Eco- nomic Research.
  • Of National Price Controls in the European Economic Community

    Of National Price Controls in the European Economic Community

    COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES The effects of national price controls in the European Economic Community COMPETITION - APPROXIMATION OF LEGISLATION SERIES - 1970 - 9 I The effects of national price controls in the European Economic Community Research Report by Mr. Horst Westphal, Dipl. Rer. Pol. Director of Research: Professor Dr. Harald JOrgensen Director, Institute of European Economic Policy, University of Hamburg Hamburg 1968 STUDIES Competition-Approximation of legislation series No. 9 Brussels 1970 INTRODUCTION BY THE COMMISSION According to the concept underlying the European Treaties, the prices of goods and services are usually formed by market economy principles, independent of State intervention. This statement only has to be qualified for certain fields where the market economy "laws" either cannot provide a yardstick of scarcity at all or cannot do so to the best economic and social effect. The EEC Treaty contains no specific price rules. As against this., the Member States take numerous price formation and price control measures whose methods and intensity are hard to determine. These measures pursuant to price laws and regulations are generally considered to include all direct price control measures taken by the State-in particular those described as "close to the market". Such measures have many legal forms-maximum prices, minimum prices, fixed prices, price margin and price publicity arrangements, in particular. The economic impact of State price arrangements-especially on competition policy-is complex. The present study has been rendered necessary by the varied nature of the subject matter and the extreme difficulty of ascertaining with sufficient accuracy the economic effects on the common market of varying national price laws and regulations.
  • COMICS and ILLUSTRATIONS PARIS – 14 MARCH 2015 Highlights Exhibited on Preview in NEW YORK from February 27Th to March 4Th

    COMICS and ILLUSTRATIONS PARIS – 14 MARCH 2015 Highlights Exhibited on Preview in NEW YORK from February 27Th to March 4Th

    & Press Release ǀ PARIS ǀ 11 February 2015 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE COMICS and ILLUSTRATIONS PARIS – 14 MARCH 2015 Highlights exhibited on preview in NEW YORK from February 27th to March 4th Spirou et FantasioSpirou et Cauvin par Fournier Franquin GREG Janry Morvan * Munuera Nic Roba Tome Vehlmann Yann Yoann © Dupuis 2015 Philippe Francq Uderzo André Franquin Detail of an original illustration for Dior, 2001 Colour cover of Pilote n°489, 20 March 1969 Detail of an original board, Spirou et Fantasio, Estimate: €12,000-15,000 Estimate: €100,000-120,000 Spirou et les Hommes-Bulles, 1960 * © Francq © 2015 Goscinny - Uderzo Estimate: €70,000-80,000 Paris - Following the success of the Comics and Illustration inaugural auction in Paris in April 2014, which realised over €4M, Christie’s will hold a second auction dedicated to sequential art on the upcoming 14 March. This sale, once again carried out in partnership with the Daniel Maghen Gallery, will represent a wide selection of comic artists and heroes, of which the highlights will be exhibited during a preview held at Christie’s New York from February 27th until March 4th 2015. Daniel Maghen, auction expert: «The greatest names in comic history will be celebrated, such as the legendary characters of Hergé, Tintin and Captain Haddock, in an exceptional original cover of the Journal de Tintin, estimated between €350,000 and €400,000, as well as Edgar P. Jacobs’ Blake and Mortimer, and Albert Uderzo’s Astérix and Obélix. The «new classics» will also be represented along with Moebius, whose colour cover of the Incal and a page of Arzach will be offered.
  • Handbook on Price and Volume Measures in National Accounts

    Handbook on Price and Volume Measures in National Accounts

    HANDBOOK ON PRICE AND VOLUME MEASURES IN NATIONAL ACCOUNTS Final version, September 2001 Handbook on Price and Volume Measures in National Accounts 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THIS HANDBOOK ................................................................................. 1 1.2. SCOPE OF THIS HANDBOOK........................................................................................................... 3 1.3. THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN PRICE, VOLUME, QUANTITY AND QUALITY .......................................... 4 1.4. THE A/B/C CLASSIFICATION ........................................................................................................ 5 1.5. HOW TO READ THIS HANDBOOK.................................................................................................... 6 2. A/B/C METHODS FOR GENERAL PROCEDURES ................................................................ 1 2.1. THE USE OF AN INTEGRATED APPROACH........................................................................................ 1 2.1.1. An accounting approach to constant price estimations...................................................... 1 2.1.2. Advantage of balancing constant price data...................................................................... 3 2.1.3. Valuation problems........................................................................................................... 4 2.1.4. The case of price
  • Unemployment, Market Work and Household Production

    Unemployment, Market Work and Household Production

    IZA DP No. 3955 Unemployment, Market Work and Household Production Michael C. Burda Daniel S. Hamermesh DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES DISCUSSION PAPER January 2009 Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor Unemployment, Market Work and Household Production Michael C. Burda Humboldt University of Berlin, CEPR and IZA Daniel S. Hamermesh University of Texas at Austin, NBER and IZA Discussion Paper No. 3955 January 2009 IZA P.O. Box 7240 53072 Bonn Germany Phone: +49-228-3894-0 Fax: +49-228-3894-180 E-mail: [email protected] Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post World Net. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.