GB 15, Sedimentology and Provenance of Carboniferous And
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Knickzones in Southwest Pennsylvania Streams Indicate Accelerated Pleistocene Landscape Evolution
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2020 Knickzones in Southwest Pennsylvania Streams Indicate Accelerated Pleistocene Landscape Evolution Mark D. Swift West Virginia University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Part of the Geomorphology Commons Recommended Citation Swift, Mark D., "Knickzones in Southwest Pennsylvania Streams Indicate Accelerated Pleistocene Landscape Evolution" (2020). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 7542. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/7542 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Knickzones in Southwest Pennsylvania Streams Indicate Accelerated Pleistocene Landscape Evolution Mark D. Swift Thesis Submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Geography Jamison Conley, Ph.D., Co-Chair J. Steven Kite, Ph.D., Co-Chair Nicolas Zegre, Ph.D. Department of Geology and Geography Morgantown, West Virginia 2020 Keywords: landscape evolution, knickzone, southwest Pennsylvania Copyright 2020 Mark D. -
Miocene Mammal Reveals a Mesozoic Ghost Lineage on Insular New Zealand, Southwest Pacific
Miocene mammal reveals a Mesozoic ghost lineage on insular New Zealand, southwest Pacific Trevor H. Worthy*†, Alan J. D. Tennyson‡, Michael Archer§, Anne M. Musser¶, Suzanne J. Hand§, Craig Jonesʈ, Barry J. Douglas**, James A. McNamara††, and Robin M. D. Beck§ *School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Darling Building DP 418, Adelaide University, North Terrace, Adelaide 5005, South Australia, Australia; ‡Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, P.O. Box 467, Wellington 6015, New Zealand; §School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia; ¶Australian Museum, 6-8 College Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; ʈInstitute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand; **Douglas Geological Consultants, 14 Jubilee Street, Dunedin 9011, New Zealand; and ††South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia Edited by James P. Kennett, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, and approved October 11, 2006 (sent for review July 8, 2006) New Zealand (NZ) has long been upheld as the archetypical Ma) dinosaur material (13) and isolated moa bones from marine example of a land where the biota evolved without nonvolant sediments up to 2.5 Ma (1, 14), the terrestrial record older than terrestrial mammals. Their absence before human arrival is mys- 1 Ma is extremely limited. Until now, there has been no direct terious, because NZ was still attached to East Antarctica in the Early evidence for the pre-Pleistocene presence in NZ of any of its Cretaceous when a variety of terrestrial mammals occupied the endemic vertebrate lineages, particularly any group of terrestrial adjacent Australian portion of Gondwana. -
Chapter 1: Sequence Stratigraphy of the Glenshaw Formation
Martino, R. L., 2004, Sequence stratigraphy of the Glenshaw Formation (middle–late Pennsylvanian) in the central Appalachian basin, in J. C. Pashin and R. A. Gastaldo, eds., Sequence stratigraphy, paleoclimate, and tectonics of coal-bearing strata: AAPG Studies 1 in Geology 51, p. 1–28. Sequence Stratigraphy of the Glenshaw Formation (Middle–Late Pennsylvanian) in the Central Appalachian Basin Ronald L. Martino Department of Geology, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, U.S.A. ABSTRACT he Glenshaw Formation consists predominantly of sandstones and mud- rocks with thin limestones and coals, which are thought to have accumu- T lated in alluvial, deltaic, and shallow-marine environments. Analysis of 87 Glenshaw outcrops from southern Ohio, eastern Kentucky, and southern West Vir- ginia has revealed widespread, well-developed paleosols. These paleosols are used, along with marine units and erosional disconformities, to develop a high-resolution sequence-statigraphic framework. The tops of the paleosols constitute boundaries for nine allocycles, which are interpreted as fifth-order depositional sequences. Allocycles in this framework correlate with similar allocycles described from the northern Appalachian basin. A sequence-stratigraphic model is proposed that provides a framework for in- terpreting facies architecture in terms of base-level dynamics linked to relative sea level changes. Lowered base level caused valley incision along drainage lines and sediment bypassing of interfluves, which led to development of well-drained paleo- sols. Rising base level produced valley filling by fluvioestuarine systems (lowstand systems tract/transgressive systems tract), whereas pedogenesis continued on inter- fluves. As drainage systems aggraded, the coastal plain water table rose, and in- terfluvial paleosols were onlapped by paludal and lacustrine deposits. -
Historical Development and Problems Within the Pennsylvanian Nomenclature of Ohio.1
Historical Development and Problems Within the Pennsylvanian Nomenclature of Ohio.1 GLENN E. LARSEN, OHIO Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, Fountain Sq., Bldg. B, Columbus, OH 43224 ABSTRACT. An analysis of the historical development of the Pennsylvanian stratigraphic nomenclature, as used in Ohio, has helped define and clarify problems inherent in Ohio's stratigraphic nomenclature. Resolution of such problems facilitates further development of a useful stratigraphy and philosophy for mapping. Investigations of Pennsylvanian-age rocks in Ohio began as early as 1819- From 1858 to 1893, investigations by Newberry, I. C. White, and Orton established the stratigraphic framework upon which the present-day nomenclature is based. During the 1950s, the cyclothem concept was used to classify and correlate Pennsylvanian lithologic units. This classification led to a proliferation of stratigraphic terms, as almost every lithologic type was named and designated as a member of a cyclothem. By the early 1960s, cyclothems were considered invalid as a lithostratigraphic classification. Currently, Pennsylvanian nomenclature of Ohio, as used by the Ohio Division of Geological Survey, consists of four groups containing 123 named beds, with no formal formations or members. In accordance with the 1983 North American Stratigraphic code, the Ohio Division of Geological Survey considers all nomenclature below group rank as informal. OHIO J. SCI. 91 (1): 69-76, 1991 INTRODUCTION DISCUSSION Understanding the historical development of Pennsyl- The Early 1800s vanian stratigraphy in Ohio is important to the Ohio The earliest known references to Pennsylvanian-age Division of Geological Survey (OGS). Such an under- rocks in Ohio are found in Atwater's (1819) report on standing of Pennsylvanian stratigraphy helps define Belmont County, and an article by Granger (1821) on plant stratigraphic nomenclatural problems in order to make fossils collected near Zanesville, Muskingum County. -
Geologic Cross Section C–C' Through the Appalachian Basin from Erie
Geologic Cross Section C–C’ Through the Appalachian Basin From Erie County, North-Central Ohio, to the Valley and Ridge Province, Bedford County, South-Central Pennsylvania By Robert T. Ryder, Michael H. Trippi, Christopher S. Swezey, Robert D. Crangle, Jr., Rebecca S. Hope, Elisabeth L. Rowan, and Erika E. Lentz Scientific Investigations Map 3172 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Ryder, R.T., Trippi, M.H., Swezey, C.S. Crangle, R.D., Jr., Hope, R.S., Rowan, E.L., and Lentz, E.E., 2012, Geologic cross section C–C’ through the Appalachian basin from Erie County, north-central Ohio, to the Valley and Ridge province, Bedford County, south-central Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3172, 2 sheets, 70-p. -
Figure 3A. Major Geologic Formations in West Virginia. Allegheney And
82° 81° 80° 79° 78° EXPLANATION West Virginia county boundaries A West Virginia Geology by map unit Quaternary Modern Reservoirs Qal Alluvium Permian or Pennsylvanian Period LTP d Dunkard Group LTP c Conemaugh Group LTP m Monongahela Group 0 25 50 MILES LTP a Allegheny Formation PENNSYLVANIA LTP pv Pottsville Group 0 25 50 KILOMETERS LTP k Kanawha Formation 40° LTP nr New River Formation LTP p Pocahontas Formation Mississippian Period Mmc Mauch Chunk Group Mbp Bluestone and Princeton Formations Ce Obrr Omc Mh Hinton Formation Obps Dmn Bluefield Formation Dbh Otbr Mbf MARYLAND LTP pv Osp Mg Greenbrier Group Smc Axis of Obs Mmp Maccrady and Pocono, undivided Burning Springs LTP a Mmc St Ce Mmcc Maccrady Formation anticline LTP d Om Dh Cwy Mp Pocono Group Qal Dhs Ch Devonian Period Mp Dohl LTP c Dmu Middle and Upper Devonian, undivided Obps Cw Dhs Hampshire Formation LTP m Dmn OHIO Ct Dch Chemung Group Omc Obs Dch Dbh Dbh Brailler and Harrell, undivided Stw Cwy LTP pv Ca Db Brallier Formation Obrr Cc 39° CPCc Dh Harrell Shale St Dmb Millboro Shale Mmc Dhs Dmt Mahantango Formation Do LTP d Ojo Dm Marcellus Formation Dmn Onondaga Group Om Lower Devonian, undivided LTP k Dhl Dohl Do Oriskany Sandstone Dmt Ot Dhl Helderberg Group LTP m VIRGINIA Qal Obr Silurian Period Dch Smc Om Stw Tonoloway, Wills Creek, and Williamsport Formations LTP c Dmb Sct Lower Silurian, undivided LTP a Smc McKenzie Formation and Clinton Group Dhl Stw Ojo Mbf Db St Tuscarora Sandstone Ordovician Period Ojo Juniata and Oswego Formations Dohl Mg Om Martinsburg Formation LTP nr Otbr Ordovician--Trenton and Black River, undivided 38° Mmcc Ot Trenton Group LTP k WEST VIRGINIA Obr Black River Group Omc Ordovician, middle calcareous units Mp Db Osp St. -
Structural Geology of the Transylvania Fault Zone in Bedford County, Pennsylvania
University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Master's Theses Graduate School 2009 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY OF THE TRANSYLVANIA FAULT ZONE IN BEDFORD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA Elizabeth Lauren Dodson University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Dodson, Elizabeth Lauren, "STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY OF THE TRANSYLVANIA FAULT ZONE IN BEDFORD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA" (2009). University of Kentucky Master's Theses. 621. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/621 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF THESIS STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY OF THE TRANSYLVANIA FAULT ZONE IN BEDFORD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA Transverse zones cross strike of thrust-belt structures as large-scale alignments of cross-strike structures. The Transylvania fault zone is a set of discontinuous right-lateral transverse faults striking at about 270º across Appalachian thrust-belt structures along 40º N latitude in Pennsylvania. Near Everett, Pennsylvania, the Breezewood fault terminates with the Ashcom thrust fault. The Everett Gap fault terminates westward with the Hartley thrust fault. Farther west, the Bedford fault extends westward to terminate against the Wills Mountain thrust fault. The rocks, deformed during the Alleghanian orogeny, are semi-independently deformed on opposite sides of the transverse fault, indicating fault movement during folding and thrusting. Palinspastic restorations of cross sections on either side of the fault zone are used to compare transverse fault displacement. -
Carboniferous Coal-Bed Gas Total Petroleum System
U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1272 Assessment of Appalachian Basin Oil and Gas Resources: Carboniferous Coal-bed Gas Total Petroleum System Robert C. Milici U.S. Geological Survey 956 National Center Reston, VA 20192 1 Table of Contents Abstract Introduction East Dunkard and West Dunkard Assessment units Introduction: Stratigraphy: Pottsville Formation Allegheny Group Conemaugh Group Monongahela Group Geologic Structure: Coalbed Methane Fields and Pools: Assessment Data: Coal as a source rock for CBM: Gas-In-Place Data Thermal Maturity Generation and Migration Coal as a reservoir for CBM: Porosity and Permeability Coal Bed Distribution Cumulative Coal Thickness Seals: Depth of Burial Water Production Cumulative Production Data: Pocahontas basin and Central Appalachian Shelf Assessment Units Introduction: Stratigraphy: Pocahontas Formation New River Formation Kanawha Formation 2 Lee Formation Norton Formation Gladeville Sandstone Wise Formation Harlan Formation Breathitt Formation Geologic Structure: Coalbed Methane Fields: Coal as a Source Rock for CBM Gas-in-Place Data Thermal Maturity Generation and Migration Coal as a Reservoir for CBM: Porosity and Permeability Coal Bed Distribution Cumulative Coal Thickness Seals: Depth of Burial Water Production Cumulative Production Data: Assessment Results: Appalachian Anthracite and Semi-Anthracite Assessment Unit: Pennsylvania Anthracite Introduction: Stratigraphy: Pottsville Formation Llewellyn Formation Geologic Structure: Coal as a Source Rock for CBM: Gas-In-Place-Data Thermal -
Supplementary Information
Supplementary Information Substitution Rate Variation in a Robust Procellariiform Seabird Phylogeny is not Solely Explained by Body Mass, Flight Efficiency, Population Size or Life History Traits Andrea Estandía, R. Terry Chesser, Helen F. James, Max A. Levy, Joan Ferrer Obiol, Vincent Bretagnolle, Jacob González-Solís, Andreanna J. Welch This pdf file includes: Supplementary Information Text Figures S1-S7 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION TEXT Fossil calibrations The fossil record of Procellariiformes is sparse when compared with other bird orders, especially its sister order Sphenisciformes (Ksepka & Clarke 2010, Olson 1985c). There are, however, some fossil Procellariiformes that are both robustly dated and identified and therefore suitable for fossil calibrations. Our justification of these fossils, below, follows best practices described by Parham et al. (2012) where possible. For all calibration points only a minimum age was set with no upper constraint specified, except for the root of the tree. 1. Node between Sphenisciformes/Procellariiformes Minimum age: 60.5 Ma Maximum age: 61.5 Ma Taxon and specimen: Waimanu manneringi (Slack et al. 2006); CM zfa35 (Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand), holotype comprising thoracic vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, pelvis, femur, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus. Locality: Basal Waipara Greensand, Waipara River, New Zealand. Phylogenetic justification: Waimanu has been resolved as the basal penguin taxon using morphological data (Slack et al. 2006), as well as combined morphological and molecular datasets (Ksepka et al. 2006, Clarke et al. 2007). Morphological and molecular phylogenies agree on the monophyly of Sphenisciformes and Procellariiformes (Livezey & Zusi 2007, Prum et al. 2015). Waimanu manneringi was previously used by Prum et al. (2015) to calibrate Sphenisiciformes, and see Ksepka & Clarke (2015) for a review of the utility of this fossil as a robust calibration point. -
BIRDS NEW ZEALAND Te Kahui Matai Manu O Aotearoa No.24 December 2019
BIRDS NEW ZEALAND Te Kahui Matai Manu o Aotearoa No.24 December 2019 The Magazine of the Ornithological Society of New Zealand NO.24 DECEMBER 2019 Proud sponsors of Birds New Zealand From the President's Desk Find us in your local 3 New World or PAKn’ Save 4 NZ Bird Conference & AGM 2020 5 First Summer of NZ Bird Atlas 6 Birds New Zealand Research Fund 2019 8 Solomon Islands – Monarchs & Megapodes 12 The Inspiration of Birds – Mike Ashbee 15 Aka Aka swampbird Youth Camp 16 Regional Roundup PUBLISHERS Published on behalf of the members of the Ornithological Society of New Zealand 19 Bird News (Inc), P.O. Box 834, Nelson 7040, New Zealand. Email: [email protected] Website: www.birdsnz.org.nz Editor: Michael Szabo, 6/238 The Esplanade, Island Bay, Wellington 6023. Email: [email protected] Tel: (04) 383 5784 COVER IMAGE ISSN 2357-1586 (Print) ISSN 2357-1594 (Online) Morepork or Ruru. Photo by Mike Ashbee. We welcome advertising enquiries. Free classified ads for members are at the https://www.mikeashbeephotography.com/ editor’s discretion. Articles or illustrations related to birds in New Zealand and the South Pacific region are welcome in electronic form, such as news about birds, members’ activities, birding sites, identification, letters, reviews, or photographs. Letter to the Editor – Conservation Copy deadlines are 10th Feb, May, Aug and 1st Nov. Views expressed by contributors do not necessarily represent those of OSNZ (Inc) or the editor. Birds New Zealand has a proud history of research, but times are changing and most New Zealand bird species are declining in numbers. -
DEPT. of EARTH SCIENCES B.Sc. Theses – by Author (Page 1 of 17)
BROCK UNIVERSITY – DEPT. OF EARTH SCIENCES B.Sc. Theses – by Author (page 1 of 17) Abu Hassan, R. Composition of Glacial and Post-Glacial Sediments in 20 Mile Creek, near Jordan Harbour, 1986. Aichele, S. Sub-watershed Study of the Upper Twelve Mile Creek: background conditions of stream water quality and chemistry, 2005. Ainslie, A. Volcanism and Hydrothermal Activity - McAras Brook, Nova Scotia, 1986. Ainsworth, B.H. The Sedimentation and Stratigraphy of the Walkerton Clay Banks, 1978. Allen, J. Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Dundee Member, Sarnia-Lambton Townships, Southern Ontario, Canada, 1988. Alley, D. Rock Particle Transport Distances in the Norwood Esker , 1972. Alther, G. The Effects of a Farmyard on the Geochemistry of Nearby Streams, 1973. Anderson, M. Structure, Petrography and Chemistry of A Zones Migmatite Complex, Bancroft Region, Ontario: Relationship to Uraniferous Pegmatites, 1981. Anderson, R.J. Environmental Effects on an Emanometric Survey, 1977. Arbour, J. Determination of the Runoff Response Functions for the Soper Creek Basin, Ontario, 1973. Artinian, D. J. A Petrological and Geochemical Study of the Catherine Sills: Catherine TWP. Timiskaming District, Ontario, 1980. Atherton, P.G. Hydrology and Sediment Distribution in the Fifteen, Sixteen and Twenty Mile Creeks, 1975. Atherton, P.J. Some Engineering Properties of Three Glacio-Lacustrine Deposits in the Niagara Peninsula , 1972. Atkinson, D. A Textural and Petrological Study of Igneous Rocks of Uncertain Origin from the Adel Lake - Klob Lake Area, Northern Ontario, 1985. Atkinson, J. Petrofabric Analysis Using the Quantimet Image Analysis Computer, 1972. Axtmann, M. Interpretation of Point-Dilution Experiments in a single fracture involving a new technique using a Conductivity Electrode, 1996. -
A Sequence Stratigraphic Synthesis of the Lower Pennsylvanian Pottsville Formation Encountered in Two Drill Cores in the Cahaba Synclinorium, Alabama
A sequence stratigraphic synthesis of the Lower Pennsylvanian Pottsville Formation encountered in two drill cores in the Cahaba synclinorium, Alabama by Sonnet Wilson Gomes A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama December 8, 2012 Keywords: Pottsville Formation, Cahaba synclinorium, sequence stratigraphy, Alabama Copyright 2012 by Sonnet Wilson Gomes Approved by Ashraf Uddin, Chair, Professor of Geology Charles E. Savrda, Professor of Geology Willis E. Hames, Professor of Geology Jack C. Pashin, Director, EMD, Geological Survey of Alabama Abstract The Lower Pennsylvanian Pottsville Formation is a classic clastic wedge of the Appalachian mountain system composed of interbedded sandstone, siltstone, claystone, shale, and coal beds with orthoquartzitic conglomerate at the base. The formation developed in response to thrust and sediment loading on the convergent margin of the Laurussian craton during the Alleghanian orogeny. The greatest preserved thickness of Pennsylvanian strata, more than 2500 m (8000 ft), accumulated in the Cahaba and Coosa coalfields of the greater Black Warrior Basin. The Carboniferous coalfield, which hosts the Pottsville Formation in the greater Black Warrior Basin, occurs in large synclinoria separated by anticlinoria where Cambrian-Ordovician rocks are exposed at the surface. Eight lithofacies have been identified within two studied drill cores from the Cahaba basin on the basis of dominant rock types, color, grain size, and sedimentary structures. A transition from a tidal through delta-estuarine to fluvial environments has been identified with the aid of facies analysis. Conformable contacts indicate a gradual change in the depositional environments from delta front to the delta plain.