Scholars' Mine
Bachelors Theses Student Theses and Dissertations
1916
Oils and flotation
Clarence Eugene Peterson
Charles Yancey Clayton
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Part of the Metallurgy Commons Department: Materials Science and Engineering
Recommended Citation Peterson, Clarence Eugene and Clayton, Charles Yancey, "Oils and flotation" (1916). Bachelors Theses. 141. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/bachelors_theses/141
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BY
CHARLES YANCEY CLAYTON {Ii "'1 AT:D CLARENCE EUGENE PETERSON.
A
Tm~~1S submitted to the faculty of the SCHOOL OF l.:IllES AND :METAI'LURG~ OF THE UN1VgnSI TOY Oob' lliS30UR1 ~ /, 1 in partial fulfillment of the work Tequired for the Degree of
}'~TALLl1ItG1CAL ENGINEER AND
BACHELOR 0]' SCIENCE IN l\m~TA1LURGY Bolla,Mo. 1916.
Approved by ,~£/~~?-~---,;",?,.....;:d~__ _ Assooiate Professor of l!etallurgy and O%t Dressing.
19720 1 -r~. ~ ~ 7C;-~. r ~ .'.J II ..!.-z:~. ('I / Ie> Oob' COn'I'EJ~TS.
Introauction ••••••••••.•...••...... •...... • ~age 1. Properties of Oils...... • . . . • •• " 3. Classification of Oils •••.••..••••...... • " 3.
Classifiea tion of Oils (j,1'lota ti ve vhlue)..... 11 4.
Flotation Lachine Used wltl_ data ••••.••••••• 11 4.
Flotation ~achinft Diagram •.•••••..•••••••••• " 5.
011a Uaed-llanJe and ;)ouro~ •••..••...... •.•• " 6-12. Or. Used wi th Soreen Analya is. • • • • • • • • . • • • •. " 13-11. Tabulatea Flotation Results showing the Values o~ Varioua Oils ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• " 16-26.
Cona'lua1on wi th ~)ta temer~t or jTew Problems ••• " 2'7 .. 28.
Experiment no.l. (statement of Problem) •••••• If 29. Dielectrio Constanta by Soh1undt •••••••.•.•.• " aO-31.
Dieleatria CODatallta-Smi thsonian Physiaal Tab~ 32. Dielectria Conatants- IJ.B.&1l.Tabel1en •.••••• " 33.
Data for Conalnsi on of Expt .1 •••••••••••. e • •• " 34.
Conclusion of Experin,8nt .1 •.••••••••. e ••••• " 35. Experiment 1I0.8.CStatement of Problem)' ••••• " 36. Experiment No.8. (Tabulate d Data) •••••••••••• " 37-38. F.xperirllent No.8.(Curves showing quantitative • f.teot of 011a •••••••••••••• '. • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• " 39-40 Conoluaion of F..xpt.8 •••••••••••••••••••••••• " 41. TA.13J.I~ O~' COl;TBl'l~S.
~Xperi[Ltnlt lTo.10( Jtaterr;fHlt of Problem ••••• J'age 42.
Tabula ted I1'lotEtion TIesnl ts Groupec1 accord- ing to the Chenda tu '.1rouping, at; follows ; }1'ixed (Ji1s ••••••••••••••••••••••• " 43-44. Coal Tar Cr.osote~...... n 45.
]'e tr ole UDl Pr 0 (luc t8 ••••••••••••••• II 46.
Ess.ntia~ Oila ••••••••••••.•••••• n 4'7-49. Pine Oils •••••••••••••••••••••••• n 50. Coal Tars •••••••••••••••••••••••• " 51. Wood Tar Oila •••••••••••••••••••• " 52. ~ood Creosotes ••••••••••••••••••• " 53. Rosin Oils and Resins •••••••••••• " 54. L18cellaneou~ Oils ••••••••••••••• " 55. ,. Conolusions to ~x~t.10 •••••••••••.•••••••• 56-S8. INTRODUCTION. Flotation is today attracting the attention of the metallurgist, chemist, physicist, and intelligent teoh nioal man in general. The applioation of the process is making great strines, but the success of it is hindered by the laok of knowleoge ooncerning the rr:a.ny variables that affect the operation. A mill may be running smoothly for weeks at a tiDJe when, without apparent reason, the froth dies and everything goes wrong. Some times a ohange in the ore does this, sometimes the water supply, sometimes lubrioating oils get into the sYijtem, and sometimes the tube-mill ia to blame. It is up to the flotation man to study these variables more oareful1y and get a better control of them. We know that the sulphides, or minerals with a metallio lllstr., oan be noated either with or without oil and that the oarbonates, silioates, eto., oannot be floated so readily. Why do oertain oils have the power of selecting oertain mineral., Why do oertain 011a produoe a froth? Why do oertain oils give a watery froth? Why do aome give an ephemeral froth and others 8 tough one? Of the thousands of oils known, only a few classes have found suooessful applioation in this new prooess. Is it beoause others will not giva results or is it beoause they have not been tried? Among the oils used at the present time are the wood-oils, the coal-tRrs and their derivatives, water-gas tars an~ deriva tives, the fixed oils and fatty acids, petroleum products, and occa~ionally an essential oil. By a study of these groups and the oils available in each group it will be seen that only a small percentage of the various oils is in use. 7fuy is one oil better than another? In buying oils for flotation it proves often that the same oil, supposedly, gives different resultu. The rl1ethod of manu facture and the care of an oil before it is used play important parts in suocessful practice. The properties of an oil may vary by reason of oxidation, exposure to li~ht, or slight differenoes in the method o.f manufacture, especially the distillation temper ature in the common flotation-oils. In wood-oils the oomposition may vary with the speoies of wood from which it is obtained. The t?end of work today seems to be to study flotation from the standpoint of the ore, ita electro-static oharge (ao-called), eta •• and from the standpoint of colloidal ohemistry. We believe that, in adnition, a study of 011s would give a better under standing of the prooess and of the variables oonoerned, while also aiding in the solution of certain theories not yet advanced. This leads us to the question, what property or combination of properties make oils valuable as flotation agents? Thinking that a oareful study of oils ano their properties might lead us to the solution of this problem, we made the ex~eriments herewith reoorded. From the scanty literature of the subject it would seem thB.t the chief faotors are: 1. Di-electrio strength. 2. Optical properties, the power to absorb certain rays. 3. Insulation value.
4. Visoosi ty. 5. 3aponification value. G. Water-soluble content.
7. Degree to which an oil (as a whole) is ~issolved by water. 8. Facility to be emulsified. 9. Surface tension. 10. Specifio Bravity. 11. Chemical composition. In attaoking the problem the first step was to clasaify the available oils into groups. The oils so far tested cover a large field and can be divided as follows: }'ixed oils, fatty acids, essential oils, wood-oils (including the resins), ooa1- tars and derivatives, water-gas tar an~ derivatives, petroleum and derivatives. In making this olasaificntion we realize that aome groups overlap, that is, oontain like oompounds, but the idea was to get a classification that would show the source and be easily understood. In ad~ition to this general olassification, oils were stlldied in detnil ano technioal artioles abstraoted, giving a volume of matter too large for publication at this time. The next step was to olasstfy oils as to their flotation value. This was aooomplished in test-tube Rnd maohine teats. By shRking small quantities of oil, water, and ore in * test tube and noting the aotion, we obtained 8. general ale.saifioation of oils: frothir.G oilu, 8cJccttve oil::3, oils that froth and seleot, and oils that are seemingly inactive. The data. were tabula. ted to ni.a the rnachine teste. The DJf.l.chir;e tests were made in a modified Hoove! 1:;Rohine, as shown in the accompanying draw ing. The aapeoi ty of this I:J8ohine wae 4000 00. of water and
800 grams of ore, mak1rlg a ratio !3: 1. The agitator gave 1700 r.p.m. The time of eaoh test wae 20 minutes. Sinoe making these teats we have found that it is sdvantage
OUB to replaoe the small oiroulation pipe, oonnecting the agita tor-box and the spitz, with an air-lift. Throughout this work the only variable was the kind of oil. I'LOTATION MACHINE UHEJ) IN THE MIHHOlTRI SCHOOL (W MIN};R. OILS
Our Number Name Company 1 Castor Eimer and Amend. 2 Linnseed (Raw) " " 3 Linnaeed (Boiled) " " 4 lIe a ts :toot " " 6 Olive n n 6 Petroleum n " 7 Rapeseed " n 8 Sperm " " 9 Turpentine n " 10 Turpentine =11=1 " " 11 TurpentirJe 12 " " 12 Toluol " " 12a Xylol MeIer Bros. !rug Co. 13 Almond Meyer Bros. Drug Co. 14 Colza " " 15 Lemon Lo8al Drugg1lt 16 Peanut Meyer Bros. Drug Co. 17 Se.ame • " 18 AlD71 .loetate Looal Druggist 19 Pyro1iginou8 Ao1d " " 20 Oe4ar Wo04 n " 11 Cedsr Wo04(orude) " " 22 01e10 Acia Eimer and Amend 23 Eucalyptul 24 Orange Peel Looal Druggilt 25 01'e8y110 Acid Meyer BroB. Drug Co. 26 Creoaote • • OlLS (Continued)
Our Number llame Company
27 Corn Oil Eimer and Amend 28 China Wood " .. 29 l1enhaclen (Teoh) " It 30 Rape seed " " 31 Soya Bean " " 32 Menhaden Pure .. • 33 Poppy 8.ed " " 34 ROBin " II 35 ROBin Meyer Bros. Drug Co. 36 Paraffin Eimer and Amend 3'1 Cottonaeea " . 88 cottone •• a (orude) Southern Oot~onae.4 Oil Co. 39 • (retinecl) " " 40 " (residue) .. .. 41 Wine Looal Druggist 42 Mal. fern " . 41 PeDn71'01al " . 010v•• • .. Oitronella " .. Oodliver " • Sa88afraBB " • Origanum " • Amber " • Kero •• ne ,. • Oommeroial !ar Oil 1101'14& Wo04 Product. 00. Fuel Oil Water'S Pieroe Co. OILS (Continued)
Our :trurnber Name Company
53 Atlanta Red standard Oil 54 Diamond Refined " " 55 Standard Heavy Engine " 66 No. 8 Flotation Oil General Naval stores 57 No. 17 " " It " 58 No. 18 " " " 59 No. 28 " " tt tt 60 B-3 " " " 61 s. F. Cylinder Oil standard Oil Company 62 Cushing's Crude Water's pierce Oil Co. 63 Blaok Oil tt " " 64 Tar Oil sta.ndard Oil 66 No. 7 Sunny South OPT General Naval stor •• 66 Pine Oil #6 " " " 67 Refined Tar Oil Fla. Wood Products Co. 68 Flotation Oil #200 Pensaoola Tar and Turp. Co. 69 Fla. Oil No. 400 " tt " 70 # 80 Crude Wood Turps. " It n 71 # 15 Special Rosin " " It 72 # 75 Crude Wood Turps. " at II 73 # 1680 Speoial Pine Oil " " • 74 # 360 Crude Wood Oil " .. " 75 Pure Pine Oil (steam refir.ed) " " " 76 #20 Flotation Oil General Naval stores
77 I 1 Creo.ate Amerioan Tar Products
78 # 2 ~ixture Creosote al1d Refined Tar n " " OILS (continued)
Our Number Name Oompany
'19 #3 Orude Gas House Tar American Tar Produots 80 14 Crude Water Gas Tar " n 81 #6 Orude Coke Oven Tar " " II 82 #6 Oil from Water Gas Tar " " 83 Coal Tar froln Gas Oven Laolede Gas Co,., sta. A. 84 water Gas Tar II " 86 Coal Tar public Service Co. Illinois.
86 Linseed (Raw) 200 00. Jlade aa Uitta'. : Rosin 10 grams 87 pyroligenous Aoid 20000. Rosin 10 gra.ms " 88 Turpentine 200 co. Roain 10 grams " " 89 Ooal Tar 11 n Toluol 90 Turpentine 2/3 " O1'8sy1io Aoid 1/3 " 91 Turpentine 1/4 Cr8871io Aoid 3/4 " " 92 Turpentine 2/3 " O1'e871io Acid 1/3 " ROlin 93 !ul'pentine 1/4 II O1'.8y1io Aoid 3/4 " Roain O1'e.7110 Acid 4/5 " " Oottonseed (Re.idue) 1/6 96 Ore.ylio Aoid 3/4 " Cottonse.' (Reeidue) 1/4 " 96 Cr ••71io ~oi4 1/2 " oaator 1/2 " 9'1 Ore8l11e Acid 3/' " " !ar (S-Blaok) 1,4 OILS (Continued)
Our }lumber Name Company
98 Cre81'l10 Aoid 3/4 Looa1 Druggist Turpentine #1 1/4 99 Creeyl10 Aoid 3/4 Turpentine #2 1/4 " " 100 No. 96 ~x. 2/3 " No. 88 Mix. 1/3 " 101 No. 89 Mix. 1/2 Cresylio Aoid 1/2 " " 102 Creosote 1/3 " ROBin 1/3 " Commercial Tar 1/3 113 Creey1io Aoid 3/10 Cu.hingls Crud. 7/10 " " 104 Cushingls Crude 7/10 " CreoBote 3/10 105 Cushing's Crude 1/2 n " ~o. 100 Mix. 1/2 106 Cushing's Crude 7/10 " " Cottonseed Residue 3/10 10'7 flotation Oil #1 B. 11.. CompaDJ 108 flotation Oil #2 " • 109 llotation Oil #8 " " 110 Bittel' Almond Looa1 Druggist 111 Oumin-Oleum Gumini8 • " 112 Mnatarl-01eum Sinapis Vol. " " 118 Qubeb-Oleum Cubebae " " 114 oajuput " .. 11& Wormwool-01eum Abainthum " " 116 Oroton-Oleum Tig1in n II 11'1 Worma.ea " .. 118 Bergamot -Oleum Bergame10n " •
119 Caseia-Oleum Cinnamonium II " OILS (Continued)
Our Number lame Company
120 Balsam Copeiba Looal Druggist 121 Balsam of Peru " 1t 122 Beeohwood Creosote (Pure) " " 123 Beeohwood Creosote (Crude) " It 124 Spearmint It " 125 Rue " " 126 Verbena " " 12'7 B1aok Pepper " " 128 Sandalwood " " 129 Sweet Orange " " 130 Pyroligneous Aoid Florida Wood Products Co. 131 Commercial Tar Oil n " " 132 Tar " " " 133 Wood Creosote Oil #xx Cleveland Cliffs Iron Co. 134 Wood Creosote Oil #3 " " " 135 Speoial llotation Oil " " " 136 #'7 Special Pine Tar Oil General Naval storea. 13'1 A 11 United Naval store •• 138 A 12 n " " 139 B 12 " " • 140 C 15 " " " 141 B 14 II " " 142 Pine Oil H II " 148 Wo04 CreoBote Oil #1 Olev.lana Cl1ffa Iron Co. 146 Phenolio Aci4(Woo4 Pulp by-products) S. D. Warren Co. Boston. 146 #90 Tar Oil Refined Peneaoola Tar & Turp. Co. OILS (oontinued)
Our Number Name Company
147 1/=750 Special Tar Oil Pensaoo1a Tar & Turp. Co. 148 #200 Refilled Creosote Oil " " " 149 Auetra101e Georgia Pine Turpentine Co. 150 Carolina Tar Oil " " " 151 Pine Wood Spirits & Turp. " " " 152 Calo1 A Standard Oil Co. 153 Calol B " " 154 Calol C " " 155 Pineole Soluble Georgia Pine Turpentine Co. 166 Oarolina Ref. Pine Tar n " " 157 Flotation 011 #2 " n " 168 Flotation Oil #B " " " 169 Flotation Oil 11 " " " 160 Carolina Tar Oil Speoia.l " " " 161 OreoBot. Oil " " " 162 Cannel 00a1 Tar " " " ORE USED. In teats numberea Dl to DI09 an ore composed of dolomite and galena. was employed. It gave the folJ.owing soreen analysis:
Through On Weight Cumu- Total mesh Inesh Lb. % lative Lead lead % % % 1 65 80 16.25 3.25 3.25 5.34 4.30 2 80 100 33.50 6.70 9.95 4.49 7.35 3 100 115 17.70 3.54 13.49 3.35 2.90 4 115 150 54.53 10.91 24.40 3.69 9.66 5 150 170 34.40 6.88 31.28 3.47' 6.65 6 1'10 200 64.50 12.90 44.18 3.1'1 9.'15 'I 200 220 2.00 4.40 44.58 3.43 0.34
8 220 240 11.92 2.~8 46.96 3.065 1.83
9 240 260 57.70 11.54 58.50 3.47 9.65
10 260 ••• 207.50 41.50 100.00 4.63 48.60 600.00 100.00 100.92
standard screens were used. In tests DII0 to DISJr we used similar ore. It gave the following soreen analysis:
CUDlU- Total lative lead Through On "'eight IJead mesh mesh Lb. a; % % %
1 •• 65 1.0 0.20 0.20 20.22 0.885 2 66 80 3.7 0.74 0.94 5.90 0.955 3 80 100 23.6 . 4.72 5.66 7.62 8.000 4 100 115 28.9 5.78 11.44 4.65 6.875 £) 115 1nO 61.2 12.24 23.68 3.45 9.240 6 160 170 47.7 9.54 33.2.2 3.00 6.300 7 1'10 200 146.4 29.28 62.50 3.22 20.700
8 200 220 • • • • • • ••••• 62.50 •••• • ••••• 9 220 240 4.2 0.84 63.34 3.61 0.663 10 240 260 59.0 11.80 75.14 4.25 10.960
11 260 ••• 124.3 24.86 100.00 6.72 36.550 500.00 100.00 100.128
The r •• n1t8 of the maohine-tests are given in tabular form. Machine ____. ______.. _ Missomi School of Mines and Metallurgy OP~RATING DATA. Experimenter.. ______.. _ FLOTATION LABORATORY. I=:=::::::==:::::::==~:==:::~-=-~==::=.= _.______._. ___ .... ___ ...... ___ ... __ ...... _...... _...... __ ._ ..... ______.... _...... __ ...... _.. __ ..... _.. __ _ ORE ...... --- - ...... -_. ----... -.- ......
OIL IREAGENTSI FROTH I REMARKS. ~nC4.t'J-rI'tt-re RESULTS IOi' Vglve TestNoI No.1 Amt. I Kind. Kind IAmt. Kind IAmt. Wt. Per Ct. ~IPer Ct. I Wt. /per Ct. PIP Q* ik l :;::~~j~~~;~I::~;:;I=I=:I=:~ ~::::~=::~_~::~~:~:::: =_~ ~==_ ~_~~~ ~~_~~=~~~:~~~
...... 7...~ ...... ~ ...... !...... :... ~.~!]~~~@9.~ _._.__ ...... ------.- .. & .... _:rmc1i~.ly. ... ~~tb.-...... -----.. - ....1: .. ~_. _~_~_H __ ..... m ...... _ ...... __ ...... _ ....._. __...... __ .....§.::_-= ..~_ .. :P~. _.4.... ~ ...... :.. J\t.Q-r~t: ...... _.. _.. __ -...... -...... --- ...N'L .. -lhin .. oiLfil-ttL ...... __ ~.:_.;L __~5.~~ -.. -... ------.-... __ .. _.. _.. ____ ...... _.. _ .. __ ~-=-~~__ _ _.""J?s: . ....5...... ~ .... -.... :.... C>.1!1lc.: ...... -.-... -.-- ...... - ---.-.. _- .. -~ ..... ~Ja.fbt:-skLUn..--- ...... -...... _.~... z.... §.-~Yll ...... -.--.... -... -..... -- -...... _- -...... __ ..3..=_~.. __ ...... :P~.. -.. J? .... ~ .. __ ..... ~_ Yetrol~M.m...... --_.--- .... ---.- -._-.- .. ~ ..... -.Qa-¥lm; .. 1t0Cld .. 6e.l2e1Q~ ...... ~~:L ..11D~~1-.- ...... --.. -.. -...... --- ...... --.. _.. __ .. __ ... _1_=~ --;:-:~~2-~~E':- -~.~ -==:~::~:~~:~~~~~ ~s:;: ~=::= ~~~:=== ::~::=: ~i!~ _'JI~?_ ...., .. ~ .. _~ .. __ ...... : ~_r~.dkqe~l_ .. ____ .. ___ .. ~i'ttr.. ~ .-~-ap.huPJcml""4J(t,.--fmt11 ..... _1.1.2 ____ ~5..t~ ...... --.. -...... -...... __ . _...... __ .. 4.=-~.. ___ _
_ ~I it? _JL. ~ .. _.. __~ ~_r_pt.nrine~g ___.. _.. __ ty;tr; ~;tti_ ------__... --...... ------...... _...... _.l:.~ _.5.:0_\.1...... -...... ___ .. __ .. _.. _...... _.. _...... _...... --~_=_..sQ .. __ ._ .. _~1.! . .J.~ __ .(., .... _...... ~ .1.oLuol ...... _.. _ .. ____.. _.ldG- Y..iti_ J/uy-.:ltbn .. fnltL .... ---- ...... ---...... -- ..ni.. St~l_ ...... _...... __ ...... _.. __ ...... __ .. ~.. :_~._ .. J.? n_ J~ .. _.:( ...... ~ ... Almand...... --- --...... --- ...... :yitrL yt1t.4 ...6ma.lLblhldts.;_tti'.y .. _c14r.k...... -lL. -fi~-e-- -...... -...... __ "_"_' --.l:--.f1___ ._ .. ' .. _.. 1+ __ ...... _.... _.... ~ ...... __ ...... ______...... _.. ____ .. ,,_,,_ ...... ___ .... _...... ___ .___ .... __ .. __ .. ____ .______
._~ .. :~!:!~-_~~ .. :::.~:~:~Q.G..... -...... -_...... -...... 'I.c&ht . tg:~r... .. :1hin ... f.p.h~m-~.r.CllJ~Q.-tb. __ .. _...... _1d:.~ ~&.-~. _m ... _m ...... -.. --.. :.. _____ .... ______. __ . -i[:-'tt... ___ _ Machine. ______.. _ Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy OPERATING DATA. Experimenter.. ______._ .. _ FLOTATION LABORATORY. '==::::==::=:::===:=:::::====.:: _...... _...... _-_ ...... - -_ ...... __ ._. __ ...... _----"-_...... _-_._--...... _...... _.... -...... _...... -.. _...... _-_ ...... _...... - ORE
OIL IREAGENTS\ FROTH I REMARKS Ie n-rm RESULTS IQ~I ~llIe TestNoI No.1 Amt. I Kind. Kind jAmt. Kind IAmt. . Wt. Per Ct. ~IPer Ct.I~IPer Ct.IPa m: Wlz •• _J!~ __ L~_I::,: __ Jr__ "",r::I ____ .I_1 ~ .... !lI\lt£y.Id1ta.(.n>tI{------.. -- £b.L 1.0..'£ -- -. --- -_._. _ .£..::..1! __ _ _'Pit? ... ~.1 ....(.. .. _...... _.2~m.~ ...... _...... _...... - ...:P..~ .. _ .. :.P.! ...... J2~ ... _...... __ ._. __ ...... __ ...... _4.•. 11 ... .h.1:.. ~.1_ ...... ___ ...... -. -.. -.... _. -~.. =__~J...... _ _.1!.!1 ...... 1.&... ~... _...... _" m.yl...a~. _...... - ...... _.:'Z!._ ... ~.~ _~o.d.... tp-hunemL~t17._._ .. _._ .J:1:&.Q. ~S.4Z. .. -...... -...... _. _...... __ ..Is..~ ... _ _?! ~( .. J.~...... _ 1m{~~. . -...... _...... :Thin ...... ~bOd ... S~~1Dr_ ...... -~ ...~ S6A~.:z _...... -- _...... -.. -""""'-- -...... -.... ~.::il ..... _ · P~.. ...f"o. ... ~..... _.. :.._ ~.. W•. oL...... -...... - ...... J1uv.y... 'tA .. ~.4r~e.T£M2.~g.. .b.»blP1m ...... 2S.. ~ -~1,so. -...... --. -''''''''-'- -...... - -, .. ,.,.",._._ ~. .::._1.8 ... _.. . _.. )?B2. ...~.L . .>1. ... __ .:... _ tdgr..~ -...... _...... - ...... - .... NQ ...... Oi1y .. 5.ku.m~.*?.L~tf1e.«.o.Q~th.. -".~ .1.'.6.9. -...... -- .-...... -- -...... -_.... __ .... 2.=-_1.~. _ _J!~7 .. .. ~.;...... OlfUe .. a~ld.... -...... -...... -- ...... H:uv1-- .... !Je. ~Jl.t:'tpr~6.fr+.b.bJG$.:f.icb.gall . -1Jt..lfJ .. I3.~.~. _...... _. -...... -- -...... --...... __ . -11 ..= ..'_3...... _ · ~~ ..~~ ... _~ ...... ~_ t.ll(llty.pr~ ...... _...... _... :J?!?_ .. ~.! ...... v.uJ. .. ~p.h~a:J.U:Cll._ ... _...... _...... J~.~ .. ~lL~ .. -...... --...... -_ ...... _...... _.... S.I .. ~_1f.. __
_.. ;Pft~ .. ~.'1 ... ~...... ( Q~Cln~~uL ...... _.. Y.lL . .. Y~.. ttic.k.~4:R,l¥,y.:.(OPld .. ~sdt.d«... 'D.,.6L _1£.'-t ...... -...... _...... _LL=-1' ...... _ · _~;'!... ~~~: ...... ~ ..... ~11ifc.*i/L ...... _...... 71~ ...... )?~ ...... ar.'k. .. t phe.m£(aCqr.:o.1h-...... ~J.~(?__ 11.!t.~ -...... _. _...... _...... _. _...... _. :'.&.. ::.11... .. _. _ _2'.~ .. ~~.. _~ ...... _.~ Stt.Q.~~...... -...... --...... J?~...... J?~ .. )2a.t:K .. fr~...... M,~ -.~~!.~Q -...... - ...... _... _...... _.. _...... _... ~~.. :--'f._ .. .. Vq.ry . _.... -:P..7B. ..~7. .. ~ ...... f ~.~'1 .. 'O.iL ...... _...... mal1 Natwth-·4~.1I'6br~.laru. .. -_==-__ .:::::= ...... ___ ...... ___ ...... _. __ ...... __ ...... ___._
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.. 2.!.~!...... ~ ... ~...... rr·~~: .. ~ti ...... _...... _...... -...... __ ..... __ .- -_ ...... _- _ ...... _-- _...... _._...... _- _. __ .• ____• ____ .. _ ...... _. __ ...... _._ Maehine. ______._ .. Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy OPERATING DATA. Experimenter.. ______.. _ FLOTATION LABORATORY. I=-~===~~~~~=::::~=-~~~~~-==--=== __ ...... ______. __ .. __ ...... ____ ...... _...... _...... __ ...... _...... _ ORE -_...... _. -_.-_.. _._-......
OIL /' REAGENTS\ FROTH I REMARKS I n ;lrnie RESULTS Ion Va.lue TestNo1 No.1 Amt. I Kind. Kind IAmt. Kind IAmt. . Wt. Per Ct. ~IPer ct.I~IPer Ct. Pcr Ot E.t. ;~_;~\~~: __ .~I=z::~mI~_~:= I:~_I= ~ ~~=::_= :-:-=: :=_~== ='_=- ~~=:= ==.::- == =::=~: ... :1~~ .... ~~.. ":...... ·I'-F·PY.. ·~~ ...... - ...... m...... _... ::P~ ... _.. m ... _.... :J?~_m ...... _...... _...... _.m==. -.== _m ...... _... _...... _.m ...... _..... : ...... _ .'Y.'If: .. l1. ~...... :... .~j.r.t ...... _...... _rllir_._ ..mall .... fii,r ... £rcth ...... _...... __ ...... J.S:.L ~a~h. -"'''''''''- _...... _...... _..... _-- -...... --.. 1.~ .. :: ...4.9...... _-~~:;!:(~::.-~ ••. :~:~: :.:~::~:~. ~l~;~~;::~~~~t:~ ~ ~: ~:::.= :== =~== =~~~_~= _~~~ ... '-1 ... ~...... ~ .. .on~u4...... - ...... ~#-. .m.al .. :fh.. ~~.~.t:ath...... --...... -...... -·l.. ~·£ ~3:~6... -_ .... _. -...... -- ...... _.. - ...... 1=.~.~ ...... _J!.l~ .. ~~... ~...... 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Jt Experimenter .. ______... _ FLOTATION LABORATORY. 1___ '1 ___ =~~::===::=:=:::.=~~==== __ .... ___ .. _..... ___ ...... ___ .... __ ._. __ .... _.... __ ...... ____ ...... __ ...... _...... ~...... 1...... _ ...... ~ ...~ .... _...... _ ORE ==::~-===~~:=. =:::=:==~~.=:=:::::= _...... - _._ ...... __ ...... ___ .. ____ .. _. _____ .. ___ .. _.. __ ...... ---.... _...... _._ ...... _...... 1.. _ ...... _ ...... _ ....__ ==:==:::=:::=-~====~~:::=~ _.. _.... __ ._-_ .. _._ ...... -. _...... __ ...... __ ...... -...... _...... ~ ...... ~ ...... I...... - ...... __ ...... __ OIL IREAGENTS I FROTH I REMARKS. ~nce.nTrn.Te I RESULTS tOil YQ1(}~ TestNoI No.1 Amt. I Kind. Kind IAmt.1 Kind IAmt.1 I Wt. Per Ct.~iPer Ct.1 Wt. !Per CdF;;' ¥t iit: i:- :J~~=~I::-~k;:~I==:~~ 1:=:-' ~- :;I:;;:;~~:: :::::::::::.I~~: ~::I~:·:~. :~=.:.:=.I~.::= ~~~:::: _..121~ .... 1.~_ ~ .... _...... O.ri.~ttv..m_ ..... _...... _.. - ...... ht.rn:. ..y..~ .. Siood ... ~leclD.r..... -...... 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I 1 ORE I===~~--===::=: ______.______. ______. -.. -- ... ------.--1-...... -...... -.- ....- ...... -.1- ..... -.... _.. - ...... - .... _ =~:= -=:::::::::~~ -..... :::=~.===:::= ~::::::::=~:~~:==::~=.~::::=::::~:~~::::::::::=::=:~~:~=~:::::::~~~: .. ::.:: ... :::: .. ::.~::::~.:.:.:::: ..:: ... ::.::: .. :.:.... :: ..: ..... :.::.:::.:::.::::.~: ..: ... :::::: I~:::::::::::~:·::·::::::::. :::::::::~:::::::::::~- OIL I REAGENTSI FROTH I REMARKS ICooca.nt-ro.l ---...... __ .... _...... __ ... _-_._ ...... _-. _...... ---_.__ .... _.... _. _._-_.__ .... -.... _---_ ...... __ ...... - _...... __ ...... _--- ...... _-... _-- ...... ---...... ------_ .. _-.------..... -.---...... - ORE ~:::~::::::-:::::::::::::::-~===:::=::--=::-.. :=-.= ...... __. __ .. __ ._ ...... -...... -... _...... _.. _- ..... _... _...... -...... -...... -...... 1 ...... _ ..... I . OIL IREAG~TSI ~ROTH \ REMARKS. Icon een1ti1te, RES~LTS 10j\ Valve TestNol No.1 Amt. I Kind. Kind IAmt. I Kmd IAmt. Wt. Per Ct.:_,}Yt_-IPer Ct.I~lper Ct.p C* F t ??(Q 7 .. J.b_I_·__·_~~·h.~a.t,9.!!-I ___ .-.I--.I---.--'-'".ItJ~+r:o±h-"r:-"!I,,,""_._11--== -== 1-- --. _.__._-- -_._-- --===-- .?~e ..11 .... ':!...... - .... ~.. S{.~!??9.t~...... _...... - ...... - ...... -.... - ... !:i9. .... t:{o·fnrlh..:,·~··s.~.l.a...diE.tz...... 5..Q ...... ~j~Q _...... - ...... _...... _ ...... s.- .. =._~.Q ..... _ ~ MilCtu,..e ... :?~9. ... J.S ...... t~.~~:n~JQ...... _ ...... ~i.~b:t. ~~~. _...... _...... _...... _...... _... J.T:.!.; .. ,.'}.. .uo ...... -...... __ .... 3.. 1-=.~.g, .... _ 3 ~Y'ud~ Elos · ~,,!O ...1.2 ...... H9.v.§.~... ~9.:!:: .. _...... _...... - ... ~e.. 8f~~Dtiy.. ~.-~.e;do.t...... _... =_._ ._ ...== _...... _... _...... __ ...... _...== ...... )J ~o-ud~ ~er _ _ _ 'J~ .....5.Q ...... _.... :...... ~.!?.. To.r: ...... -...... - ...... _ ..... ~.~ ...... :D.itta ...... -_ ...... _... _...... -...... - ...... _...... _. __ ...... -=:== ... .. 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Experimenter .. ______._._ FLOTATION LABORATORY. 1-·_······ __·······_-_·_······ __······_-- __...... __...... ____ .___ .. _...... ___. __ . ______._____ . __ ...... _____ ...... _u ..... _.. __ ...... _... _.. _... _.. _____ .... ____ ...... _... _...... __.... _ ORE OIL IREAGENTS I FROTH I REMARKS IConC(l.nlfb.Te I RESULTS 10il Vallie TestNo\ No.1 Amt. I Kind. Kind jAmt. Kind IAmt. • Wt. Per Ct. ~IPer Ct.I~IPer Ct. f'a @8! sa Y~9 _9Q+_-:pw:::I __ .I.--.I~ m.l!:_I~b~.~thc_ ...... __ ._._. ___ .__ ...... J4,J~- t&.:.1-~. - -_. -"'-"'- -... _... _- _...... _- J.1.~ bJ;.. _._ ~~~_;;- ~_~-~ ~:;,_ == ~=: ~:; :~:~=l~:=::~=-:~=: ~;;~: ~~~;; :=:= ~~:-:~: -:~::= ~=:= ~;~~~~~-- ~ ('. 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OIL •REAGENTS I FROTH I REMARKS I J OIL IREAG~I ~OTH I REMARKS. I(j rnte RESULTS IOil V4(ve TestNUJ No.1 Amt. I Kind. Kind IAmt.\ Kind IAmt. Wt. Per Ct. _~~-'Per Ct.I~IPer ct. Pl Q.1ML ;P,,,,, --+----- ~~ 1_._.1 .. _.1--- ...... --1._--.---.-...... -...... -... -.-.. --.--...... --...... _.. _.... --. -- -_. -"-'.'-- -""_.'--- --_.--- -"-"'- .. -.-. _ __ . _ ..___ .__ .... _ ...... L!...CY~_._ ...... ---.-- -...... - --...... -...... _..... _._ ...... ___ . _._. ___ ...... ___ ...... _...... -...... -.. --.... -.--- -."'.'."'-- _...... _...... _. _...... ____ ._ .. _._ -:;J!74' M.... -.-.- ... -.. i.~i ' --.. -- ...... -.- ---...... -_.-.- ...... -...... -..... -.-- ..... -.. -... -...... -...... -.....1·.l)!;L .. :i21.~ .. -...... _...... _. -...... -. ... ¥. ..=-Ei:I _ _ _ __ ... _.. _...... ___ ... _ ~.~~.~.. 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S11 .. _.-...... -_ .. -""'.""- -""""'- _...... _.. ___ .. _ ...... _...... _._ . -.... - .. -.. -f ... ~.. .c""_ ----.- -.-.. -. __ ._l...... ~t~_7_.\.~"!; ....".!._"'_\"'~ ...... _!i.L .M.IL. -_. --.-- .. -~ .. --- --_.___ ...... llll~-:~ .Lh :;:.:~::--~ ~~::=: .::::.::::: ==:~~:::::::~~~~~~~: == =~~: == =~~~=-:~~-== ==-~~ ==::_.: Machine ____. ______Missouri" School of Mines and Metallurgy OPERATING DATA. Experimenter... __ . ___ . __ ...... _I ______F_L_o_T_~_T_I_O_N __ L_A_B_O_R_A_T_O_R_y_o ______I _____ I _____ I ___ _ I~::::::::::=~::::::::::~~=::::::~::::::~::::::::=:=.:: _...... ___ ..... _. _____ .. _. ____. ___ .. _. ___ .... __ ._ ...... __ ...... _._ ...... _...... _...... _...... _...... _...... _ ORE OIL ! REAGENTS\ FROTH I REMARKS IC!.oV'le.en-rt'O.T~ I RESULTS 10'" ~'lJe TestNoI No. I Amt. I Kind. I Kind iAmt. Kind IAmt. . Wt. Per Ct.! Wt. jPer ct.1 Wt. jPer Ct. p! 11 L _-=!:>l'~ .u9.1~_~I<:;:..q,~SIA.I .... _.... -I-~' -l.A.,J ~-.Il4l~"'~4f.,":th--...... 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Experimenter.. __. _____ .. _ FLOTATION LABORATORY. I~::::=::::=~~::::::::::::==:==::~-====.~ _...... ___ ... _... __ ...... _. __ .... ___ .. _. ___ ...... ___ ...... _.. _...... _...... _...... _...... _ ORE OIL IREAGENTS I FROTH I REMARKS I (\mcen+ra1-e I RESULTS I Oit Value TestNoI No.1 Amt.1 Kind. Kind iAmt.\ Kind IAmt. . I Wt. Per Ct.i~IPer Ct.I~IPer Ct.IE ? i' -:JI.. ~~ . !~~I~· __ ,_;:~r:::.:n,I __ ._--.I--I-;;;-;,,-m-~ ... r4c...... M""'r... ~""1 J.!1..4s _.:1~"it 1--· -. _m __ ._ -_._._-- --_ .. _- _._I~._,,-102.-- ?! ;3_0 • .!.~, ... !... .. _...... ~_ JD.e~-:p~~.c ...... - ...... - .uhhJg .&j1tl .OfoM\:.fo~lugfmtl!.; po.i..5tJ.e.C!t.{...... I.. ~!.~.b... ~·td:e ...... - ..... ~.. =--54:.. _ . 'Sn,o.1I . ..J.?~.~.~ .... .1&4... :. ... _...... _.~f?ror:!l2u:'ft- ...... -- ...... ~ub~!~ l.P..rgt, ...~!!.g.hT.s.K.v..~.)t ... .f.r.C!tlo;C4.r:ne;s.m.~h.rim,.5],.J.';/l. H.,.O.Q ...... _...... - ... ~Q.. ::: .. 1.1__ Ve'f''1, . ;::~_ .~:::~::~::l== ::.~:~= ::~!~ :~:::!:::~~ ~~~~ :;: ~.:.::~ :::~:= _:::-=:-_: ~:~-: ;~~-:::~~~:;::~~ ::~=::=: i~~::ll=-:t::7:::~=::; ~::~::: -:: •• ::: ::~.:= :.::::::.=--~~=~'t 7,_3j,:>. I..~&. .. :.:-.... _...... (>t.I.!.r.~.loJ~:.f.I.~: ...... J:~?!g.bt... ~.! ... r.w.!J.p..v.lt~J~,:.C!a.(r:ie.§J11·Q.4t~·fl!'J~ .... Q/1,9...... J~S_ ...... __ ...... L.=_gg_ Y., ... ?ll ..!.~?- ~ ..... - ...... J'?t:'lf('alp.(rt ...... __ ...... ~!. .... ~... M~f.~.nlm~n;tLjhg.t1..~~H.~: ...... o.!E£ . .... Z1,.1: ...... _...... - ..1..=-. ..&1_ Y-I~fl .J.~.~... _...... _fto.f~~t OIL IREAGENTS I FROTH I REMARKS. I iii RESULTS 10;1 Val: TestNoI No.1 Amt. I Kind. Kind lAmt.\ Kind IAmt.: Wt. Per Ct. ~IPer Ct.I~IPer Ct.jt etzt )7.+4 J.~LI~- __ I ...... ~diJ_I_._.I. ___ .~~b ···!8~ ~ad~~;diU-.. ~b.vbb.(C1i lL..9Iz_ ~.JJa. - -_. _..... -.- -""'-'--- --.--... -.. Xl=: ..39.- ..... _ Y.l4f .~3.:L ~ .... _...... _.B~JL.J!.!_~.~_~~~ _...... __.- .... - "D.JL 1?.!...... _...... ~:.!.1to._. __ ...... __ ._ ...... _J.~-,-}.2_ .ll...8__ ..... -- -...... _ _...... _. -L.'-.:::.3!.t ..... _ .~~.... J..~... / .. _... _.... H.1tn~.. Q~.LJJ.tl.~,. -_ .... - ...... ~¢'-f:!!!:... J:':. __ mgJl.tp.h.,.!!r~.~k? ...... _...... _.. :i •. 9.K. J.zD-4-~ -_...... -...... _... _.... --...... _~ .... ~-=-b.Q._ . ~~.'1 ..(1~ .. (...... l.[.. J)~.N !.~.!.~,•.. _•••• - •••••. _ •• - ...•.•.• --••==--~. .NA.fr:uth;.appatf"Ln1!¥i~~kt _.-=- -=:.- -_ ... _-- _...... _-... -...... _- _...... __ . ___ ..... _ ...... __ .~.0-~ J..;.~.... ~...... _...... ::l~ .. Q!.N.~~.J:o., .. _..... -.-.. - ...... !!l.. k..it.J.~tltttm:tb·~smca.U .. hll.b1?J.e~., ..... -.aa~. .Al!..Q.. -.-...... - _...... _- - .... _... __...... _. __ .1:4L...... "23..~ 11.1... ~.... _...... 14JhNJ .. ~!.Sp., _...... _...... -.- MU!~ .f .-:P!S! J.4.~ _..... _...... : .. hfLl'lol,:c..Bcid.~'... _._._ .. ,__ ...... _ -~Q-•. p..~ ...... _.... :J.?.f.tt~ ...... _...... -...... _- _.. _. __ .. _.-...... _- -...... --...... _.. _.. __ .... __...... __ .__ _?!.~~ l~_ f ...... __ ._ fqr.'.,Oi' ..~",,:- ... __ ... __ ...... -.=--_. f.(~... 1Ca.USJll:itt; .. 1u.y.!l1~%~t.. ~dtb. ... -=-- -..=-. -...... -... _...... _. _...... __ ... _... __ ~§? J1.7 .. <...... v·~,Gl.]gr..oa ...... _-...... ·M~~~··· .. ~~ ...... :);?.,:f:tj ...... _...... -.:::=._ .. -.. =::::...... --...... -...... -.-- ...= .. - -?!/..~.';4 r.. 1..4 ...... al2 _."'...... _._.-- .r~ I. W-I'~.kcnl.~~ ...... _.. __ . _...... !&lbhl .f«;.r.... fAir. .. f,.·1(~Qth.; ...:;-rrr T.t' r ...... _...... _ ...... _...... _...... _.. .----...... --... -...... _._ ...... _ a~ e _~5.; J~a ..~ ...... a.=J~ ...V.I.N.!~.~ _...... _...... 12 ~ ... ~D··F;Q·~·.s.···~~·:·················· ...... J1-.\~.o J.j.. tl...... - ...... _...... _... JS--:.Lf ... __ XCLp-' _...... ~ .... _...... __ .....r.:v.dt. ..~}". .~ ...... -...... -...... -- ...... - ...... _!..~.'.. 3.!.. _~.,.•. 8.. _...... __ . -.~.{f... =_1~ ...... ~~f: ...... t!...... L!~ •••..••...•.~ ...•....~~ ..•..•••..•....••••••...... • - •••• _ •• ---•••••••• - ••.••••••••••..•••••••••••.••••••.••••••••••••.•••••••••••••.••.••••••• - •.....•...• J.8!.c;}.Q b.~,.~. -...... ,.... --...... __ ... ..I.9 ..--::: .. '.?:-...... !~.r.: ...... -( ...... Qa~9..£.. f.lm~.r.._ -...... -...... _...... I.L~.~b..1:4..:'1 ...... _...... _...... -...... J!...= ... ~.~ .... . CONCI.,U::3IOns. The resul ts are interesting ann show the possibility of using a great vAriety of 011s if they were pur ohasab1e at a low price. The results also in dicate our in ability to give to oila flotative values in numerical terms and the irepossibi1ity ,of getting the true values of oils that give no soum or froth, suoh as the ooal-tars and crude petro1eams. It is known that these are [;ood selectors. The tabulations show further that oils vastly different ill consistenoe have e imi lar fl ota ti ve values. They als 0 br ing ou t 1ihp. fact that a great deal of work must be done before those properties of oils which give them flotHtive value are understood, for instanoe, why do oleio aoid, oottoT1Beed residue, and others froth and lift dolotlite, while citronella, wood-creosote, pine-oil, and others froth and float galena? The following experiments suggest themselves and are ~eing attemptea: 1. To determine whether there 1.s any rel,a. tion between an oil's selective power and its di-eleotrio oonstant, or an oil's frothing power ano its di-eleotrio constant. 2. The relation, if any, between an oil's seleotive power and ita visoosi ty or an oil's frothiJl[; pOVier and its viaoosi ty. 3. Whether the oil's'survaoe tension or film strength playa any pari in an 011'8 frothing power or in an oil's selective power. 4. Whether the saponifioation value bears any relation to the flotative value of an oil, either frothing value or seleotive value. 5. The facili ty wi th which oils cnn be emul:.d.fied, and their flotutive value. 6. The oil's water ~oluble content an~ the value of it to flotntion. 7. The degree to which oil is soluble in water, soluble as n whole, nn~ the value of it to flotation. 8. The quantitative effect of the use of frothing oils and of the use of 8eleotiv~ oils. 9. The relation between a mineral's di-electrio constant and ita tendenoy to be floated. The sulphides have di-eleotrio oonstants approaohing infinity. 10. The grouping of oils as made by the chemist and the flotation-values of these various groups ann to asoertain if the membera of each group have similar value as seleotors or froth.rll. 11. The effeot of various salts an~ amounts of salta on the flotntive value of an oil or combination of 011s. Do these salts affeot the surfaoe of th~ mineral, (10 they oombine with the oil, eto? 12. To show by micro-photographs how oils and bubbles attaoh themselves to minerals. 13. Whether olassifioation is an aid to flotation. EI)PF.~Hlr.ENT NO. 1 TO DBTER1~nE V{HE'~HER TliEHE IS Any Hl~I~TIO!: DETI'r::EN AN OIL'S SEIJEC~IVE POKER Al~D ITS DI~1ECTRIC CONSTA11T. OR AN OIL'S FROTH- IITG POWER AND ITS DIELECTRIC COITSTANT. Dieleotrio Constants of Some Flotation Oils. Preliminary. by Dr. Herman Sohlundt University of Missouri. J;umbcr !!a~~-'- D• C--'--';:ax • j). C • tin. t ·Oleio Acid 2.7 2.~5 tersp. 16-2~Oo, 2 .Citronella 4.83 4.38 3 -Black Grease 3.12 2.78 4 • Cotton Seed 3.0 2.71 5 ·Orange Peel 2.35 2.00 6 ·"Cresylio Aood ----- 9.80 (Approximate) 7 .. Corn 011 3.00 2.6 8 Lubrioatin 011 2.60 2.16 9 tot Creaylic ~ castor ----- 4.33 Conducts or oontHins hyd- 10 • Water Gas Tar _... _-- 2.78 roxyl. 11 -lemon --- .... 2.95 12 General Naval #8 ----- 4.36 Hydroxyl 13 • General Naval #17 -_ ..... -- 12. APprox. Hydrox 14 • General Naval #18 ------9.8 ditto 15 • General Naval 1122 ----- 3.06 16 .Olive Oil ----- 2.76 IJ.B. &11 Tabell( 2. g~ 17 .Cyltnder Oil ----- 2.47 ditto 2.3( Wood Turpentine ---"- ... 4.15 ditto pure 18 "Crude 2.27 19 ·Rosin Oil ----- 2.95 Dielectric Constants of Some Flotation Oils by Dr. Herman Schlundt, University of Missouri. N'urnoer Name 15. o. Temperature 20 " Peaoh ke rne I 2.86 24~d 21 'Soy Bean 2.96 24 22 Coal Tar 3.49 24 23 • Pine Oil 4.42 24 24 Sperm 2.90 23 25 Cod I.liver 2.85 23 26 Crude 2.28 23 27 ~ castor 1.40 23 *28 P7l' ol igne 0 us aoi4 29 :Mixture 3.70 23 Pyroligneous aoid oonduots aurrent so well that * tta dielectric capacity oannot be determined. D1EJ4ECTRIC CONSTANTS O~' 1.. 1 QUIDS • Smithaonlan phyaioal Tables. Fifth }~d. Table 288-289. Substanoe Temp °c Wave Dielectrio Author. length Constant ,., om. Amyl Acetate 16 ([) 4.81 10 castor Oil 11 tt 4.6'7 19 I~innseed 13 " 3.35 21 Sperm 20 " 3.1 '7 20 Olive 20 " 3.11 23 cottonseed 14 " 3.10 21 Peanut 11.4 " 3.03 21 Seaame 13.4 " 3.02 21 Neatsfoot n 3.02 20 Rapeseed 16 " 2.85 21 A1nlond 20 " 2.83 18 Toluol 16 " 2.33 6 l1eta Xylol 18 " 2.3'7 11 Lemon 21 " 2.25 22 Turpentine 20 " 2.23 20 VaBeline It 2.1'7 25 Petroleum 2000 2.13 24 1 Dielektrizitatakonatanten und Quadrate elektriaoher Breohungaindioes ( D Lit. Tab. 240, S. 774. Fluasige IBolationsmittel (Ole) -~------~----~-~------~------~------~------~-~ l.laterial D Autor PetroleutJ------2,07 Hopkinson 2,14 Winkelmann 600 1,96 Arona und Rubens (1) 1300 2,126 :Marx (2) -3000 Petro1ather 1,778 Werner Paraffinol 20 It 2,1179 Haaenohrl (2) 20 n 738 11 20 • • e • - 60 n °'°30,°572 " Diollte20 • 0.905 • • • 82 2,38 Horme11 Ruboll 16,2 2,86 Salvion1 Leino1 13 " 3,35 " BauIDwo11- sameno1 13,7 " 3,10 n 11 3,09 Ferry 1000 3,00 " Olivenol 3,02 Hopkinson 12.4 II 2,99 Salvioni 20 " 3,108 Heinke 011venol 20.. 0,00364 3,08 Arona u 600" 2,92 Rubens (1) Sesamol 13,4 3,02 Salvioni Mandel 01 " 3 01 " 20 2 8330 Haaenohrl (2) " II • 20 - 40 " 0,601628 20· • • 0,° 269 e • • " " 4 " Arach,aol " 8,03 Salv1mli K8Jliol " 2.66 'Y. P1rani Rioi:nusol 11 4.62 Salvioni " 0.0106'1 Heinke 20 • • • • 4.6'1 Arons u 600" 4,20 Rub.na (1) 9 4.000 KOBsonogoff 3,968 6.4 "n 2 2,019 Atharische 01 •• Terpentin a. S. 7'11. Amy1acetat 19. 4,81 Lowe " 0,0024 " Tolu~£· • • • 2,42 Hopkinson "It Landolt u. Jahn 14.4 2,376 2,61 Abegg - Ii 83 " It 16,6 " 2,33 r '13 2,31 Drude (3) 19 Rats o - 30 0,°3921 15 • • • 0,° 9'17 Tangl 20 - 3 11 0·· • " 463 181 " 0'°6 Bernet Qym010 ••• 1'1 " 2,249 Phenol 48 '73 9,68 Drud. (3) Lowe KrIOlol 1'1 10,3 Dut.al for Conclusions to ExperjrjlE~nt 110.L. The Oil l"lotati on Val ue Dieleotrio Lrams. %Pb. Constants. Oleis acid 77 1:5 2.35 - 2.79 Citronella 30 74 4.38 - 4.83 )'aneoli1'18 16 23 2.78 - 3.12 (Jottonaeed 7 64 2.71 - 3.00 OrH.llge reel 21 76 2.00 - 2.36 Cresylic Ac::d 32 - 71 9.8 t Corn ---.------2.60 - 3.00 S .~., • Cyl i nit e r 1 22 2.15 - 2.60 lr:ixture ~a8tor 24 '73 4.33 aoCreaylic Oil from ~Vater Gas Tar 9 62 8.70 Lemon 2!1 60 }2.95 Olive 3 54 2.76 Diamond Ref. 4 47 2.47 Crude 'Nood Turps () 61 4.15 Special HOBin 2 46 2.96 reach Kernel '7 64 2.86 ~~oya Bean 2.96 Coal Tar 3.49 Pure Pine Oil. 16 69 4.42 SperDJe 4 55 ?.90 A study ofy. the flotation reslIl ts anfl the dielectrio constants of the various oils shows that with the data 80 far o'htained no relation can 'he shown to exist between them. '.ahis does not necessarily I1Jea.n thnt the diel~ctric oonstant does not affect an oils value to flotation. In light of the theory a.nvnnoed by Prof.V.II.Gottsohalk (Th:i s theory has never l)een published) ,i t is reasonable to believe that the dielectr:ic constant which is a meauure of the free electrons existing iTl a body would influence the adsorption of o:1.ls by certain ndl'lerala ,even though it can not be shown to be true at thts writing. One cono1usion can 1)8 made at tr.1.8 time ; that of the oils whioh give a recoverable froth those with high dieleotric oonstants give the best flotation resu1ts.This holda true with the exception of Oil of lesnd Oil of Orange Peel whioh give good flotation results and have low oonstanta. Further exper:tmentation should show that the dieleotrio oonstant at least plays an important part in flotation of minerals by flotation. EXPRRI~KT NO.8. OF SELECTIVE OILS. OPERATING DATA. MachineJ:-k.~(,Iaytol'lhtpe ... - Missouri School of Mines and MetallurdyI; Experimenter.. ~~orL-- __ .. _ FLOTATION LABORATORY. Je'_PU .100 l.JMs.mae.. .lL~(lkM __~_ ..... _.. _..... __...... ____ ._ ... __._ .. _...... _ -_...... __._ ... _ .... __ ... _ ----___. ______.___ . __ ... ______...... _..... __ ... .!.~MJit_.~ _._ ... ____ ..... _..... _. ___._ ORE ==::==::=::=.==:==~~.=:=:::::::= _...... __ .__ ._ ...... _...... ___ ._ ... ______...... _...... ___ ... _. _...... _u"""". ~f,..f..»mo ..... {.::;~... f...... ___ _ ...... • •.•••.•••.• 1.-. fiKRi :syow~'tE-~ ~N$ .QJJ.BN:D.T.x.. Qf.:... Ou...... U""''''' ...... ••••• ...... _ ...... _...... _------...... _...... _.- ...... _.... -.--..... _._._--- .. ... ----...... _...... -...... __ ...... _--- .. _-_ ...... --.-..... ---. --_._ .. _.. _.. .. _...... --..... _...... _. _--- __ -- ---_ __ _- _ _-_.. _.... _...... --.. _. _.. _---- -_.. __ .. _-_ .. - _...... _._ ... --_ ... --_... _--_ ... __ .. _-_ ...... -.. -----_ .... -----...... __ ...... ---_ ...... __ .__ ...... _.... - ...... __ ...... - ...... -... - ...... ----_.. _ ...... - ... _... _...... _...... _.... _- -_._- .. _...... -_.... - .... __ . Machine~~T~_-..... -. Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy OPERATING DATA. ExperimenterJ~~" •. _... FLOTATION LABORATORY. ....l> .... ,~on l:Do.lAmit"e. ...{. GalUl4. .. -.... _- Ir.. _._._ ... __...... ___ ...... _.. _...... _.. _ ...... ___ .... _ ...... __ ...... _. __.... ___. __ . __... _ .... __...... ___...... __ ...... _ .. _ ... __ ...... _... __.... !~._.~~_M.l ~!_ ••••••___ ._ ••••••.•••••• __._ ••• __ ORE =:=::==:::::::=.. ~:::::=:===~.~:::::::::::=::: _...... __ .. _... _ ...... _._ ...... ___ ...... _____ ._ ... ___ ...... __ ...... __ ...... ___ .. _...... __ ...... ~~v.A.c~:r.u~. ~~~.~_ ..! ...... __. __ .__ O~J;- ~ =:-.: .. -=-.=:::::::~-~-~- ..: .. --=::::::::~~.= ~X.f?itlQM.E:~ .. ~...o.v:!(J.NG .. J;F.J~~E.~r_. O'.f:: .. J:r.j.c.I".f:~J.t.lG. ...Q.us.~T.~ .. 4~_OU.... __ .. _...... _.. _.. _..... _'_"_. __ ._. ._ OIL IREAGENTSI FROTH I REMARKS. IC0r7C.~t1IY~~ RESULTS /---- TestNoI No. I Amt. I Kind. Kind lAmt.\ Kind IAmt. Wt. Per Ct. ~/per ct.1 Wt. /per Ct. Per Ct. Ext. .C:'t .··__ I···1.ICit~".o~!..... I_.I...... -.. I.--.-..- ..-- .. --.. ---.------.-. J~L .. ~CL.L-. -.- --'- ____ -. ______~5.- _...... Q. .... __._ ..... __ .... _...... __ .... __.- --.---.. --. -'--"'-"-'- -.------.. --... _~.11 ..1._ -ll.:?._ -"'--- _.... -.... _... ___ ... _ _. ______... ~~.... _...... ~ ...... _..... _._ ...... _.. ___ ..... ___ .. ___ .. _ ... _ ... _. ___ ... _. __ .______.. _____ l.~.~Jl .. -1.1!.~- _.. - ...... _...... _.. _... _.... _. _._. __ ..... _.. _ .. _ ...... _ _ _C_ '1 ...... 1 ...... _...... __ ._._ ..... _____ ._. ____ .______._. ___ ._ .. _.. _._ .. ____ ._ ...... ___ ... M~... J.7.~.~_. __ ...... _____._ .. __. _____ .... _.. __ _ ~~ ...... ~ ...... _. __ .. _.... _...... _.. ____._ .... ___ ._. __._ .. ____ .__ .__ ._ .. _. __ ._ ..... __ ._._ .. __ ._._ ...... ?v~.!...~_. -1.1t~ _...... _. ______._._ .. __ .___ ._ .... _._ ... __~,_ .. _...... _...... 9_ ...... _._ ... _.... _...... _. __ .__ ... _ ---... _.. _ ... _____...... __._ ...... __ ...... -11L~I7.~.~ __ -...... _- ___.. __ .. ___... _.... ___ _ ~~ C? ...... !.. ~...... _... _...... __ ...... __ ...... ___ ...... - .. -... -- ...... _._ ...... _...... A.~.!~J ... -~.Q.... Q . .-- ..... _. -...... _. -_.-_. __ ..... __... _ ... _._._._ .• - ~~~...... ~.§.:: ...... -._. __ ._ .. _--'- ... _... ------_.. __ .__ ._ ...... _ .. __ ..... _._ ...... _...... -.. _... _..... - .. -...... _. -_.- ._._._. --...... _ ... _....:.- c z () ...... _... ~.~ ...... ____ ._ ...... _____ ... _._. __ ...... __._ ...... _...... _.. _. __ .___ ... _.. __ ...... _~_Q.!.l .. _.8.2,Q...... _._ ...... _.. _. ____.. __ ... _.... ____..... _ ._C:~:f...... '!.!.§...... ___ ...... _... __ ._ -_...... -- _ ...... _. --- -... -.- ...... -.-----... -.-... --... -...... _e!1J.1__ _1.1~..1 _...... --.. - ...... -- _._. __ ._. ____ . _... __. __ _ _9_~ ...... _~-"-<:?_._ ...... __ ._._ ... _... ___ . __ ...... --'--.-----...... -.. -- ... -... -...... --._--.. -.--...... ~~.!1. _~1!.1_ .. _...... -.... -... _.- _. __ .. __...... _... _._ .. ____ _ -_.... __ •• -_.OoOo ...... ____._ .. _._ ...... ___ --_.. - ...•.••••• - ---'------.-...------._------...... _._- _ ....._ ...._ .. - ....- ...... - _ .. _._•••• _. _.__ ••• - __ .... _.___ _ ···-.... ~--r; .. r~. !., "" .. ,,, . . ';jf..:': i-'._ ~ .: ---"'-~,~Tl!~t~ . • ~'!' , .... j If' • . :'j,".;,.: i ;" •• 01/ ....~ I- 1. olJ lJ Z o V .J. o >- t: o ~ po ol o Z ~ o I ifl .0 • • o ''0 '/(1 I~ Effeot of Varying Quantity of 011. Not only is the kind of oil a big factor in the flotation process, but the amount of oil used influences the results con siderably. From the tnbles of results on two series of tests one with Citronella And one with a mixture of Castor 011, #20 Flotation Oil, CreoHote Oil, Refined cottonseed and Cresylio Aoid, and the CUl'ves plotted fl'om these results it yilll be seen that there 1s a cri ti cal quanti ty o.f oil which may be used. Below and above this amount infer1.or results will be obtained. r'rom the curves ~:~howing the effect of varying the amount of oil used it appears that equal Beleotion can be had by using an amount of oil less than the crjt10al amount, but the recovery will be leS8. 80 that in orner to get the added reoovery it will be neoessary to add more oil. CIIKMl3T TOGB THEH ~7I TH r~lU~ .Pl.jC.ATATIOI~ VALU~3 O~' THE VARIOU~ OILS In ORDER TO DETERl.J:NE Il!' Tllli OIIJS O~' THE VARIOUS GROUPS HA V'.B~ SIKIJJIAR VAI .. UE IN ~'1')TATICN. Machine .. ~ ..... ___. ___ ...... Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy OPERATING DATA. FLOT.ATIOX LA.BORATOR·Y. ~~rimen~r __~ __~_~_ .... _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ...... Fr~.£=..:D _.O..u...s ...... ___ ...... ___ ... .. ORE ! ...... _...... __ ._ ...... \_ ... _... __ .__ ...... -..•...... _.. _...... - -_ ...... - .. . i ...... _ ...... _.. _...... ___ ...... _. i ...... _ ...... ,...... -...... •. _ .•...... OIL REAGENTS FROTH RE~IARKS. ConcenT~+~L..BES~1TS ... n _____ Oil Value Test No\ No. I Amt. i Kind. Kind :Amt.: Kind Amt. --.l~~jP~r Ct. ~ ?~£S_t. _J~ peri~1; EeclJt;~: .D 5 k I. I 1 R'~ . J~~< F·····~· .". ~!~~~f- . 3:~ ... S3 .. b'l ...... ,3 - 54- .. :...... - ...... !f,_I#J 7P~ I "','~"71' . 5 4 '2 "'/ .. .. --- -- ~-1. _ .. 1...... J\ap..e.~e.d...... I t· .. ,.... 3.'.«1...... 1 },~~ 43 ??s..~ . .LT ...... S~.so..m~ ...... -- ...... I" ... 1.1~ ..1 . .1.. i ..•~ ..7.j7i ...... 1 • .5..~ ..... ~.7 .. :. ?' .. lS .~.1...... ,\.Q.rn. ... OiL...... , ...... - ...... -...... : ...... i Val ~ .~~...... 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Experimenter .. ______._ ... _ FLOTATION LABORATORY. I=::=:::::=~::::::::::=~=::=:::===.~ -...... __ ..... _.... ___ P.~n:,Qw==.u.M....._ER.OD.u.as ... __...... _...... _...... _ ...... _...... __ ORE -...... -.. -... -..... _-.-.. -...... --_...... _.. _ ...... _-_ ...... _- _..... -...... __ .. _.. _ .... -.. _- -...... - _._... _ ...... ' .. -_ ...... -...... __ ... _... _..... _------_ ...... - ...... _...... - ...... _- ...... _... ---.--_._---.-._ .... _.. - _...... ------_ ...... - ...... __ .. --- OIL IREAGENTS\ FROTH I REMARKS. IConeen-t"raiel RESULTS IOi/-V,,\ue TestNo\ No.1 Amt. I Kind. Kind IAmt. Kind ~Amt. Wt. Per Ct.;~:Per Ct.1 Wt. Iper Ct. e eEL _~ J. .. ···~······I···············JP.et.ro..L~.v..m.I __ ...... _.I ...... - .. 1... -...... _- ...... 1...... ! .. ~.... ±-... 1.~.~~1-..... --...... -. _.1 .. =..74...... _ , i I =_...... _.. 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Experimenter.. ______FLOTATION LABORATORY. ===:=~=::::===== _. _____ ~Q~_KS.--.. -.--.---.-... __...... ___._._ ...... _...... _...... _... _..... ___ ..... _..... _. __ ._ ... _ ORE _____.... _. ______• ______.. _ ..._ ...... __ ••••••• ___ • _____• ___...... _ ...... __ ••••••••••••••••• ___...... _ .. _ ••••• u •••••_ •••••••••••• _ ...... _u ...... __•••••• _ •••• _ ••_ ....._. _____ OIL IREAGENTS I FROTH I REMARKS. lc,ncen1'ro.RI RESULTS /Oil \'alu£ TestNoI No. I Amt. I Kind.. Kind lAmt. Kind IAmt. Wt. Per Ct. Wt. IPer Ct. I Wt. iper Ct. 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'==:=:===::=:::::====::=====::::=.= _...... _____ .__ YiOOD CR e;aSOT~s.... ____ ... __...... ___._ ... _ ...... _... _...... _...... _ .. _...... ___ ...... ___ ...... _...... __ ORE -._ .. __ .. __ .... _--. _... __ .. _.---- -_. __ .... _------...... _----- .. ------... _ .. ------.. --_ ... _. __ ..... -.-.. --_._--...... _----_ ...... --_ .. "_ .. "-"_.'''._._-''--''. ---_._----_ .. _- ...... _-- _.... _------ I OIL IREAGENTS\ FROTH I lC'pnur$=orel RESULTS IOil ~cll~ ~~: -~i-=~-'.~~~~,-=i:I-=':~ ______._~=_~_____ J::\ ::~I. w~I:::I~~I::: :.::_: ee&hwoocL 1 __ - -_...... _...... _-..... - _A.l.rZ...G-~.Qii _.... -.- -...... ---...... -. _...... _...... _... __ . _._._._ ...... _...... te,.~..a. ..bz.. -_ ...... -- ...... _ _...... _... .1.9.. ::_' . .&.._ ood. 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Experimenter...... _._._____ ._ FLOTATION LABORATORY. ORE 1~_::~~:I~~~~~ •••••• ===~:J=~~~~~~::-~===:~_~:~-=~_~-=~~~ ==-==.~== OIL IREAGENTS I FRO~H I REMARKS. IConetritraT¢I RESULTS !OII-VoJ.It TestNoI No. I Amt. I Kind. Kind 1Amt.\ Kind !Amt Wt. Per Ct. ~IPer Ct. I Wt. /per Ct. PI 8t Edt. ~: ~=~I:~~:~::I ~~~I ::;.::' ~:~I~:~:==='_=:~~=-~=: _~=:=~::~~::~:~~,~~~ :::=_=- ~=~~=_ =~==_ =--= ~::-:= IS' "5pe.el a..\ .. ~!.~ ..l.t ...... _ Q:s.i.n. .01L ..... __ ._._ ...... _... __._ ...... _...... _...... _...... _...... ~~.g.g.. 6.~.~.'1 ...... _...... _ ..... ~.::.. ~ _ _:PI_~S" J~.Q ...... _...... A.M~~. _...... __.. _...... -.__ ...... _...... ZZ.4L J.~.~~..Q _...... -- ...... _...... - ...... - ... -~.2...=-J~ .... _ p!~ .J..~J ...... 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I~:::::::::::=~=::::::::::====::::::::::===== _ ..... ___ ...... _M.I~~~.v.S.- _Q1.~J2 ...... _ -...... _...... _...... _.. -...... -_ ...... _...... _ ORE _. __ •• _____...... ______• _____ ._•• _____.. ___• ___ .. ____•••••••• _ •. _. __ ••••••• _ ...... __.u ___... __ ...... __... _ ••_ ...... __••••• u. __ •••••••••••••••••••••••••• - ...... _-_ ••••••••••• - ...... _ ••••••••••••• --_ ... _ .... __ .... - ...... _._ ••• _ •• __ ....._._ ...... __ -_ ...... -... _-_...... -_ .. _---_ .. ------_._.- ---_ ...... _---_... _._ ...... -...... -..... _.. --_ ...... _-_ ...... _.. --_-._--._-----_.- -.-_ ...... _... _-_ ..... _..... -----.---._...... _...... - ...... - """--' ...... _-_ .. .-.-...... _...... _.. -...... --...... -- ...... __ ._._-- _...... - ... _.... _- _...... _- •••••• u ...... - _ ...... _ •••••••••• _._...... -_ _ _- --- _._---- _-_ _ _- --..._._._-- .. __ ...... __ ...... _... _-_.-...• --_ ..... -_ ..•.. - .... _...... _----- ._._- ._.. _.. __ ._-... _._ .... - .. _.-..... -_. __ .. _...... _...... _...... _...... _. -_ ..... _. _...... •.. _.. ---_.__ . _...... - _._----- .... -.. - ..... ,. __ ._.- ...... _----_ .... - ... __ .... - _.... _.. _- ...... _.__ .-_.. _ .. - .... _... _-_. __ .__ ._ ...... __ ...... _. __ .. __ ...... _. __ ...... - _..... _-_ .. _- - -.-...... _.. --...... -- _... _.- _•..... _-_._. _._-- ..... _._-_.- ...... - ...... _.- ... _.. _... _-- _._ ...... -.... -- _...... --_.. 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".'''.-''._--.'''.-. _._-_._---...... __ ..... _...... ----...... -...... _._._... -_._-..... _- _..... _.... _.. __ ---.- -_ _- ---- _ -_ ------'--'- ._ .... _.. -...... _...... -.-.-.-...... -.- -_ ...... _- ...... --... _- .. __ ...... _..... -_._ .... _._ ..... - ...... _-_._ .. -...... -~ ... -----.. --._--- -_ ...... _. -._ ...... _- ----_._- --- The Fixed Oils. The ~'ixed Oils may be classified as "inactive" oils as far aa frothing ability is conoerned. They all form a slight skum on the Hurface of the water and, where Inrge enough to handle, shows fair selection on the part of the oil. The Fixed Oils are all of a "greasy" or lubrioating nature as distinguished from the solvent types of oils such as turpentines and pine oils and all have the stiffness or "body" which seems to prevent their emul sifying or mixing with the water. Petroleum Oils. The Petroleum Oils Give praotioally no froth and as a olass show poor selection. These oils are not miscible with the water but form a slight skura on the surface which is difficult to se parate from the water. The Essential Oils. The Essential Oils give a gOOd. froth and show good seleotive properties. The froth ia ephemeral and usually oonsists of small bubbles. An ephemeral froth wi th small bub1)lea will gtve a olean oonoentra.te beoause the possibility of oontamination by suspended slimes in the water is lessened in proportion to the thinness of the bubble film and this is probably one reason that the Essential Oils give suoh olean oonoentrates. These oils are misoib1e with the water to a large extent and this tendenoy undoubtedly aids their frothing ability. as contrasted with the oils of the fixed oil group which separate in a olear line from the water. The Pine Oils. The Pine Oils are praotically the same as Essential Oils or a mixture of Essential Oils and act as goo~ frothers and good selectors. The Coal Tars. The Coal Turs are not misoible with water ann usually have a gravi ty greater thanl, so no reaul ts are obtainal)le ..:hen useo alone, altho they undoubtedly are good selectors. The Wood Tar Oils. The Wood Tar Oils are the heavy oils other than the creosotes oocuring in the destructive distillation of wood. They all give a stiff froth. with large buhbles, and seleot less well than the average. The poorness of selection is probably due to a large extent to the meohanioal oontamination of the froth oy the "dirty" slime water Whioh with the oil makes the thick bubble films. The Wood Creosotes. The Wood Creosotes give a heavy stiff froth with large bubbles and good selection. They give a slightly leas amount of froth than Wood Tar Oils. and the total weight of conoentrate made ia leas, showing a thinner oil film and therefore one that will give a oleaner concentrate. Roain 011s and Wood Resina. The Rosin Oils and Wood Resins seem to aot as good frothera and poor selectors. They are mOT.e or less misoible with the water, aooounting for their froth1ng ability. The Fatty Acids. Oleic Acid was the only Fatty Acid tested and it gave a very large amount of froth, but very poor selection. In general, it seems that the oils 'It/hleh are n,j.doi hIe wi th the water are the frothine oi].s an~ theoretioally. at least, the oil whioh will give the ephemeral, small bubble, froth will give the oleaner oonoentrfl.te when compared with an oil whioh forms a thiok stiff froth. but the recovery may be grenter in the seoond aase. To get a olean oonoentrate. therefore, it may be necessary to saorifioe reoovery. and viae versa, when using only one oil. With more than one oil 8. new problem oomes in. From a small a~ount of preliminary work done, it was found that when mixing two oils in varying amounts,the frothing and seleoting properties of the mixture did not always lie between the values foun~ for the se parate oils. tending to show the possibility of the formation of a ohemical compound rather than a simple physioal mi:xture, or at any rate this would show that the physioal properties of eaoh were oonsiderably modified by the presenoe of the other.