Appendix H - Heritage

CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCE ASSESSMENT REPORT BUILT HERITAGE & CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPES

427 TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT W.O. 05-20012

September 2009

Prepared for: Ecoplans Limited

Prepared by:

CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCE ASSESSMENT REPORT BUILT HERITAGE & CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPES

427 TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT W.O. 05-20012

September 2009

Prepared for: Ecoplans Limited 300-2655 North Sheridan Way Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2P8

Prepared by: Unterman McPhail Associates Heritage Resource Management Consultants 540 Runnymede Road Toronto, ON., M6S 2Z7 Tel: 416-766-7333

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose of Report 1 1.2 Project Scope of Work 2

2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT & CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCES 2.1 Ontario Environmental Assessment Act 4 2.2 Ontario Heritage Act 5 2.3 Ministry of Culture 6 2.4 Ministry of Transportation 7

3.0 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 8 3.2 Public Consultation and Recognition 8

4.0 HISTORICAL SUMMARY 4.1 Vaughan Township 8 4.2 Highway 427 12

5.0 IDENTIFICATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPES AND BUILT HERITAGE RESOURCES 5.1 Introduction 13 5.2 Description of the Existing Environment 13 5.2 Description of Identified Cultural Heritage Landscapes and Built Heritage Resources 14

6.0 POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF UNDERTAKING ON CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCES AND MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS 6.1 Description of Impacts 23 6.2 Mitigation Recommendations 24

SOURCES CONSULTED

APPENDIX A: Historical Maps

LIST OF TABLES Page

Table 1. Identified Built Heritage Resources (BHR) and Cultural Heritage Landscapes (CHL). 16 Table 2. Potential Impacts Cultural heritage Landscapes (CHL) and Built heritage resources (BHR) within and adjacent to Recommended 427 extension route, City of Vaughan. 26

LIST OF FIGURES

Page Figure 1. General location of study area in City of Brampton and City of Vaughan [Microsoft 2009]. 1 Figure 2 Map of Study Area. 3 Figure 3. Technically Preferred Alternative for the Highway 427 Extension Transportation Corridor [McCormick Rankin Corporation, April 2009]. 15 Figure 4. Location of identified cultural heritage landscapes (CHL) and built heritage resources (BHR) within and adjacent to the Technically Preferred Alternative. 30 Figure 5. Location of identified cultural heritage landscapes (CHL) and built heritage resources (BHR) within and adjacent to the Technically Preferred Alternative. 31 Figure 6. Location of identified cultural heritage landscapes (CHL) and built heritage resources (BHR) within and adjacent to the Technically Preferred Alternative. 32 Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment: Built Heritage & Cultural Heritage Landscape Page 1 Highway 427 Transportation Corridor EA, W.O. 05-20012

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of Report

Ecoplans Limited retained Unterman McPhail Associates, Heritage Resource Management Consultants, to undertake a cultural heritage resource assessment for built heritage and cultural heritage landscapes on behalf of the Ministry of Transportation (MTO) for the Highway 427 Extension Transportation Corridor Environmental Assessment within the City of Vaughan in York Region and the City of Brampton in Peel Region (Figure 1). This project is in accordance with the Ontario Environmental Assessment Act.

Figure 1. General location of study area in City of Brampton and City of Vaughan [Microsoft 2009].

The Ontario Ministry of Transportation (MTO) is working to provide for the efficient movement of people and goods within the context of the province’s Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe (Growth Plan). In order to realize the transportation objectives of the Growth Plan, MTO is completing an Environmental Assessment (EA) Study for the 427 Transportation Corridor that supports the Growth Plan. The EA addresses the

Unterman McPhail Associates September 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment: Built Heritage & Cultural Heritage Landscape Page 2 Highway 427 Transportation Corridor EA, W.O. 05-20012

existing and short-term transportation problems related to the current Highway 427 terminus, truck traffic accessibility to and from the CPR Vaughan Intermodal Facility, and their impact on the inter-regional traffic in the Peel-York boundary area. The primary objective is to address transportation issues in the area south of the Greenbelt and to facilitate planning and development.

The proposed works include the extension of Highway 427 to Major Mackenzie Drive and protection for a future transitway along the extension. Interchanges are to be provided at Highway 7, Langstaff Road, Rutherford Road and Major Mackenzie Drive. The study area includes the western part of the City of Vaughan in York Region and the easternmost part of the City of Brampton In Peel Region with Regional Road 7 (formerly Highway 7) on the south boundary and Kirby Road on the north boundary (Figure 2).

This report comprises the cultural heritage assessment of the potential impacts for the Technically Preferred Alternative for the Highway 427 Extension Transportation Corridor Environmental Assessment.

1.2 Project Scope of Work

In 2006, Unterman McPhail Associates identified designated and listed heritage properties within the study area (Figure 1) as part of a preliminary collection of heritage data for the Highway 427 Extension Transportation Corridor Environmental Assessment. This desktop review revealed numerous built heritage resources and cultural heritage landscapes located within the study area. Municipal heritage inventories, registers and OHA designations for the City of Vaughan and the City of Brampton were consulted, as well as historical mapping of the study area and secondary sources. Other sources consulted as part of the desktop review included: the Ministry of Culture’s Ontario Heritage Properties Database; the City of Vaughan Web Site: Cemeteries; and, Arts, Culture, Heritage, City-Owned Heritage Structures and Heritage Conservation Districts, City of Vaughan Interactive Mapping: Heritage Inventory; the Ontario Heritage Trust's Online Plaque Guide; and Historical Plaques of York County. The City of Vaughan heritage planner provided mapping and the addresses of properties considered to be “of interest” to Cultural Services, but not included on their Listing of Significant Structures (LSHS).

The review noted several properties designated under the Ontario Heritage Act, listed heritage properties and heritage properties of interest in the City of Vaughan. Pioneer cemeteries are located within the study area, as well as an historical plaque issued by the Township of Vaughan commemorating Elder Mills. Several individually designated properties are located within the Kleinburg Heritage Conservation District boundaries. The City of Brampton Heritage inventory included several properties located adjacent to Highway 50, the west boundary of the study area. The Humber River system is designated as a Canadian Heritage River System (CHRS). There are no federally or provincially recognized properties within the study area. The results of the tabletop review were mapped and provided to Ecoplans Limited to assist in the generation and evaluation of alternatives. Unterman McPhail Associates September 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment: Built Heritage & Cultural Heritage Landscape Page 3 Highway 427 Transportation Corridor EA, W.O. 05-20012

Figure 2. Map of Study Area.

Unterman McPhail Associates September 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment: Built Heritage & Cultural Heritage Landscape Page 4 Highway 427 Transportation Corridor EA, W.O. 05-20012

In 2007, three (3) route alignment alternatives— Centre Alignments, East Alignments and West Alignments—were selected for more detailed assessment. The alternatives were located entirely within The City of Vaughan between Highway 7 on the south, and Major Mackenzie Drive on the north, Highway 50 on the west and Highway 27 on the east. The 2006 desktop cultural heritage resource information compiled for the selection of the route alternative alignments was reviewed, and a windshield survey of the identified cultural heritage landscapes and built heritage resources within and adjacent to the three alternatives was conducted in October 2007. The City of Vaughan was contacted to reconfirm the heritage status of the properties.

In 2009, Ecoplans Limited provided the Technically Preferred Alternative. The Technically Preferred Alternative extends from Highway 7 in the south to just north of Major Mackenzie Drive in the north between Huntington Road and Highway 27, except at Major Mackenzie Drive where it extends to the west of Huntington Road north of Major Mackenzie Drive. Unterman McPhail Associates conducted a field survey of the Technically Preferred Alternative area in May 2009 to reconfirm the existence of the cultural heritage resources noted in October 2007 survey. The results of the May 2009 survey are found in Table 1.

2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT & CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCES

The need for the identification, evaluation, management and conservation of Ontario's heritage is acknowledged as an essential component of environmental assessment and municipal planning in Ontario.

This analysis of cultural heritage resources in the study area addresses those above- ground, person-made heritage resources over 40 years old and older in age. The application of this rolling 40-year principle is an accepted federal and provincial practice for the preliminary identification of cultural heritage resources that may be of heritage interest or value. Its application does not imply, however, that all built heritage resources or cultural heritage landscapes over forty years of age or older are worthy of the same levels of protection or preservation.

2.1 Ontario Environmental Assessment Act

An environmental assessment provides a decision-making process used to promote good environmental planning by assessing the potential effects and benefits of certain activities on the environment. In Ontario, this process is defined and finds its authority in the Environmental Assessment Act (EAA). The purpose of the EAA is to provide for the protection, conservation, and wise management of Ontario's environment.

The EAA applies to all public activities. This includes projects originating from Ontario ministries and agencies, municipalities, public utilities, and Conservation Authorities. Projects subject to the Act are typically infrastructure developments, and

Unterman McPhail Associates September 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment: Built Heritage & Cultural Heritage Landscape Page 5 Highway 427 Transportation Corridor EA, W.O. 05-20012

include such things as public roads and highways, transit facilities, waste management facilities, electrical generation and transmission facilities, and flood protection works.

Large and complex projects with the potential for significant environmental impacts are subject to an Individual EA process. As a first step, the proponent must prepare terms of reference (ToR), i.e., a plan for completing the EA process. Once the ToR is approved, the proponent’s second step is to conduct the EA. When preparing both the proposed ToR and the EA, the public must be consulted. The Individual EA process requires formal MOE review and Ministerial/Cabinet approval. This process may involve the analysis of all transportation alternatives (road, transit, rail and marine) and alternative rote locations. Preliminary design studies include the environmental assessment of broad transportation alternatives and specific highway improvement options.

The analysis conducted throughout the study process for cultural heritage resources addresses that part of the Environmental Assessment Act, subsection 1(c), which defines “environment” to include:

“...cultural conditions that influence the life of humans or a community”; as well as,

“any building, structure, machine or other device or thing made by humans”.

Highway extensions and associated construction activities may potentially affect cultural heritage resources in a number of ways. The effects may include displacement through removal or demolition and/or disruption by the introduction of physical, visual, audible or atmospheric elements that are not in keeping with the character of the cultural heritage resources and, or their setting.

2.2 Ontario Heritage Act

The Ontario Heritage Act (OHA) gives the Ontario Ministry of Culture the responsibility for the conservation, protection and preservation of Ontario’s culture heritage resources. Section 2 of the OHA charges the Minister with the responsibility to,

“...determine policies, priorities and programs for the conservation, protection and preservation of the heritage of Ontario”

The Ministry of Culture describes heritage buildings and structures, cultural heritage landscapes and archaeological resources as cultural heritage resources. Since cultural heritage resources may be impacted adversely by both public and private land development, it is incumbent upon planning and approval authorities to consider heritage resources when making planning decisions.

Heritage attributes, in relation to a property, are defined in the OHA as the attributes of the property that cause it to have cultural heritage value or interest. The Provincial Unterman McPhail Associates September 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment: Built Heritage & Cultural Heritage Landscape Page 6 Highway 427 Transportation Corridor EA, W.O. 05-20012

Government has established criteria for determining the cultural heritage value or interest of properties through Regulation 9/06 of the OHA.

Under subsection 27 (1) of the OHA, the municipal clerk is required to keep a current register of properties of cultural heritage value or interest located in their municipality. The municipal register must include all properties designated under Part IV of the OHA by the municipality or by the Minister of Culture. Municipal designation of heritage resources under Part IV the OHA publicly recognizes and promotes awareness of heritage properties, provides a process for ensuring that changes to a heritage property are appropriately managed and that these changes respect the property’s heritage value. This includes protection from demolition. Once a property has been designated and notice has been given to the Ontario Heritage Trust, the property is then listed on the provincial register of heritage properties.

The alteration process under section 33 of the OHA helps to ensure the heritage attributes of a designated property, and therefore its heritage value, are conserved. If an owner of a designated property wishes to make alterations to the property that affects the property’s heritage attributes, the owner must obtain written consent from the council. This applies not only to the alteration of the buildings or structures but also to alterations of other aspects of the designated property, such as landscape features or natural features, which have been identified as heritage attributes.

The subsection 27(2) of the OHA also allows a property that is not designated, but considered to be of cultural heritage interest or value by the municipal council, to be placed on the register. This is commonly referred to as “listing”. In many cases, listed (non-designated properties) are candidates for protection under section 29 of the OHA. Listing non-designated properties does not offer any protection under the OHA; however, subsections 27 (3)-(5) of the OHA require owners of listed properties to give the municipal council at least 60 days notice of their intention to demolish or remove a building or structure on the property. Also subsection 27 (1.3) states council is required to consult its municipal heritage committee before a listed property can be added or removed from the register.

2.3 Ministry of Culture

Ministry of Culture (MCL) guidelines assist in the assessment of cultural heritage resources as part of an environmental assessment. They are, Guideline for Preparing the Cultural Heritage Resource Component of Environmental Assessments (October 1992), and, Guidelines on the Man-Made Heritage Component of Environmental Assessments (1980). The Guidelines on the Man-Made Heritage Component of Environmental Assessments state:

“When speaking of man-made heritage we are concerned with works of man and the effects of his activities in the environment rather than with moveable human artifacts or those environments that are natural and completely undisturbed by man.” Unterman McPhail Associates September 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment: Built Heritage & Cultural Heritage Landscape Page 7 Highway 427 Transportation Corridor EA, W.O. 05-20012

The MCL guidelines for environmental assessments state one may distinguish broadly between two basic ways of visually experiencing cultural heritage resources in the environment, that is, as cultural heritage landscapes and as built heritage. Cultural heritage landscapes are a geographical area perceived as a collection of individual person-made built heritage resources set into a whole such as historical settlements, farm complexes, waterscapes, roadscapes, railways, etc. They emphasize the interrelationship of people and the natural environment and convey information about the processes and activities that have shaped a community. Cultural heritage landscapes may be organically evolved landscapes as opposed to designed landscapes. Some are ‘continuing landscapes’, which maintain the historic use and continue to evolve, while others are ‘relict landscapes’ where the evolutionary process has come to an end but important landscape or built heritage resources from its historic use are still visible. Built heritage resources comprise individual, person-made or modified, parts of a cultural heritage landscape such as buildings or structures of various types including and cemeteries, planting and landscaping structures, etc.

The MCL guidelines also describe the attributes necessary for the identification and evaluation of any discrete aggregation of person-made features or cultural heritage landscapes and the attributes necessary for the identification and evaluation of built heritage resources.

2.4 Ministry of Transportation

The MTO document Environmental Reference for Highway Design (ERD) (October 2006) addresses the environmental assessment issues relating to preliminary and detail design transportation projects and has been developed in co-operation with the various MTO Regional Environmental Offices and Environmental Regulatory Agencies. The ERD provides guidance to manage the environmental impacts of transportation projects in transportation project design, and it includes reference to built heritage and cultural heritage landscapes (Section 3.7 Cultural Heritage – Built Heritage and Cultural Heritage Landscapes).

MTO’s guiding documents for built heritage and cultural heritage landscapes include: o Built Heritage and Cultural Heritage Landscapes: Environmental Protection Requirements for Transportation Planning and Highway Design, Construction, Operation and Maintenance (October 2006); o Environmental Standards and Practices User Guide (December 2006) with a Checklist for Built Heritage and Cultural Heritage Landscapes (Section 10); and, o Environmental Guide for Built Heritage And Cultural Heritage Landscapes (February 2007), which supercedes MTO’s Environmental Reference Book 4B: Historical Resources (1989).

Unterman McPhail Associates September 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment: Built Heritage & Cultural Heritage Landscape Page 8 Highway 427 Transportation Corridor EA, W.O. 05-20012

3.0 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

For the purposes of this built heritage resource and cultural heritage landscape assessment Unterman McPhail Associates completed the following tasks between 2006 and 2009: o the identification of major historical themes and activities of the study area through historical research and a review of topographical and historical mapping; o the identification of built heritage resources and cultural heritage landscapes within and adjacent to the study area through a desktop survey of major historical themes and activities, historical mapping and the City of Vaughan’s Register of Heritage Properties; o a windshield survey in October 2007 to identify any built heritage resources and principal cultural heritage landscapes of forty years and older located within or adjacent to the study area, as well as any built heritage resources less than forty years of age deemed to be of cultural heritage interest. A subsequent survey was conducted in May 2009 to reaffirm the earlier findings; o Reference to the Checklist for Built Heritage and Cultural Heritage Landscapes (Section 10) in MTO’s Environmental Standards and Practices User Guide (December 2006); and, o preparation of a cultural heritage assessment report.

3.2 Public Consultation and Recognition

The City of Vaughan was consulted in regard to heritage issues and concerns for the Highway 427 Extension Transportation Corridor. The results are noted in Table 1.

4.0 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

4.1 Vaughan Township

The British government acquired the area comprising Vaughan Township from the Mississauga Nation as part of the Toronto Purchase in 1787. The township survey of Vaughan began in 1795, but was not completed until 1851. The sidelines were resurveyed in 1861. The township was divided into a grid pattern with eleven, north- south concessions, and, for the most part, with 200 acre lots. Concessions 9, 10 and 11 were cut off in the south due to original survey line of the Toronto Purchase on the west and Yonge Street on the east. The east to west side roads were placed one and a quarter miles apart. The 200 acre lots were usually divided into 100 acre lots on the east and west side.

The first Crown patents in Concessions 9 and 10 were issued in the late 1790s and early 1800s. In Concession 9, J. Ruggles acquired the patent for Lots 6 and 7 in 1798; Richard Gamble, Lots 9, 10 and 12 in 1811; Richard Jeffrey and Elisha Farr, Lot 11 in 1811 and

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1815, respectively; Joseph Hilts, Lot 14 in 1801. Later patentees included H. Burton and Robert King, Lot 13 in 1833, Roger McEachern, Lot 18, in 1845 and Neil McGilivray, Lots 13, 18 and 20 in 1846. In Concession 10, Richard Gamble acquired Lot 7 in 1802; Conrad Frederck, Lot 8 in 1802; W.D. Powell, Jr., Lot 8 1802; John Earler, Lot 11 in 1804; and, William Graham, Lots 13, 14 and 15 in 1798. Later patentees included Edward and James Armstrong on Lots 17, 17, 21 and 22 in 1829.1 Generally settlement in the southwest part of Vaughan Township increased steadily after 1830. The 1837 Assessment roll indicates the early settlers in Concession 9 and 10 included among others: the Agar, Beaton, Burton, Devins, Farr, Jeffrey, Kellam, King, McGillivray, Somerville, Wardlaw and Wood families.2 Clergy or Crown Reserve land was often leased until it became available for sale starting in the early 1820s.

Thomas and Hanna Agar settled on Lot 11, Concession 10 in 1830. Their son Richard Agar settled on Lot 23, Concession 10 and built a home in 1854.3 Henry Burton, a Scottish stonemason, bought and settled on the west half of Lot 13, Concession 9 in 1833. James Farr settled in Humber, now Weston, in 1829 and operated a gristmill. He then acquired land on Lot 5, Concession 9, Vaughan Township, from his wife, whose family held the Crown Deed.4 Richard Jeffrey arrived in the British colony in 1791 as part of the household of the Duke of Kent, returned to England in 1799, and then immigrated with his family to Nova Scotia, Niagara and before arriving in Vaughan Township. In 1833, he bought Lot 11, Concession 9 for his son Alfred, and Lot 15, Concession 9 for son Richard. The Elder Mills S.S. 15 schoolhouse was later built on Lot 15, Concession 9.5 The Kellam family came to Vaughan Township in 1829 and William and George bought part of Lots 22 and 23, Concession 10 from William Kersey in 1830.6 Neil McGillivray arrived in Vaughan Township from the Isle of Mull c1830 and settled on land in King Township. He then moved in 1836 from his original land grant in King Township to the former Clergy Reserve lands on Lot 20, Concession 9, Vaughan Township. McGillivray built a new farmhouse in 1865.7 Peter Wardlaw settled on Lot 21, Concession 9 in the mid 1830s.8

By 1840, Vaughan Township was generally opened up with about one third of its land cleared for agriculture. Smith’s Canadian Gazetteer (1846) describes Vaughan Township as, …a township of excellent land; it is well settled and contains numerous well cleared and highly cultivated farms. The land is generally rolling, and the timber a mixture of hardwood and pine. The township is watered by branches of the River Humber…. There are six grist and twenty-five saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, 4,300.

1 G. Elmore Reaman, The History of Vaughan Township (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1971) 36. 2 Ibid, Appendix A. 3 Ibid, 187. 4 Ibid, 191. 5 Ibid, 200. 6 Ibid, 202. 7 Ibid, 221. 8 Ibid, 225. Unterman McPhail Associates September 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment: Built Heritage & Cultural Heritage Landscape Page 10 Highway 427 Transportation Corridor EA, W.O. 05-20012

Between 1840 and 1870, the township prospered as a farming area, with Toronto as a major market. The local road system was consolidated and cleared, farmsteads moved from subsistence farming to more prosperous enterprises, earlier log farmhouses were replaced by brick, frame and some stone residences, larger barns were built accompanied by agricultural outbuildings, and churches, cemeteries and schoolhouses were established. Historical settlements were established, often around industrial works, and provided services for the surrounding agricultural community. In the southwestern part of Vaughan Township included Burwick (Woodbridge), Claireville, Coleraine, Elders Mills, Kleinburg, Nashville and Pine Grove. The villages of Claireville and Coleraine grew up on the boundary lines with Etobicoke Township in York County and Toronto Gore Township in Peel County.

The community of Elder’s Mills received its first settlers in the 1830s. Richard Jeffery sold part of Lot 15, Concession 9 for a schoolhouse in 1843. A log schoolhouse was constructed on the property in the same year. A new brick schoolhouse was built in 1872.9 In 1885, a new brick building for S.S. # 15 Elder’s Mills was located near the centre of Lot 15, Concession 9. It was a union school with Toronto Gore with an attendance of 38 students.10 James Gibb Thomson built a sawmill, a grist mill and a carding mill on Lot 16, Concession 8 in 1850. The mills were sold to Mr. McLeod then William Taylor, and in 1854 William Taylor’s nephew David Elder, with his brother James, came from Lower Canada and took over the mills. The Elder bought the mills in 1869. David Elder acquired full ownership of the mills. A post office was opened in 1874. George Elder took over the mills from his father David and operated them until 1919. The sawmill was relocated in 1900 to Nashville. The post office closed in 1902; the grist mill closed in 1919 while the carding mill continued as a chopping mill until 1927.11

The Knox Cemetery, or Aulde Kirk Cemetery, located on Sideroad 15 (Rutherford Road) was established c1840 at Elder’s Mills: the first church was built in 1845. The United Presbyterian congregation had its origins in a local group comprised of Auld Kirk Presbyterians and United Presbyterian Church followers formed as early as 1837, which met in a local schoolhouse for services until a disagreement caused a split in the group of worshippers in the early 1840s. In 1845, the United Church Presbyterians congregation convened under Rev. David Coutts, and it met in local homes and barns. Under the direction of Rev. William Dickson, land was purchased and a church building erected on Lot 16, Concession 9 in 1854. In 1861 the congregation supported the Union of the United Presbyterian Church and the Free Church in Canada to become the Canada Presbyterian Church. In 1875, the name Knox was selected for the congregation. The manse was moved to Bolton in 1881, and the Vaughan residence was leased, and then sold in 1889. A second church building was constructed in 1883 to replace the earlier structure. The cemetery was enlarged by one acre in 1884.12

9 Ibid, 173. 10 Ibid, 166. 11 Ibid, 105. 12 Patricia Somerville and , Catherine Macfarlane, A History of Vaughan Township Churches (Vaughan Township Historical Society, 1984) 345-352. Unterman McPhail Associates September 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment: Built Heritage & Cultural Heritage Landscape Page 11 Highway 427 Transportation Corridor EA, W.O. 05-20012

Coleraine was established at the intersection of the Indian Line and Sideroad 20 on the border between Vaughan Township in the County of Peel and Toronto Gore Township in the County of Peel. Once referred to as Frogville, this community was settled by the Raines and Cole families, from which the name of Coleraine was derived. In 1852, the Coleraine post office opened and it received daily mail. There was a store and the population of about 50 people in 1858. The community also supported a wagonmaker’s shop, blacksmith shop, a shoemaker and two hotels. The Beehive Inn was located on the north side of Major Mackenzie Drive in Vaughan Township. The Coleraine Hotel the southeast corner was opened mid 19th century. The Temperance Inn was located in Toronto Gore. Lynch’s Directory (1873-74) describes the hamlet as a village on the eastern boundary of the County, on the township line between Toronto Gore and the Township of Vaughan with a population of about 200.13 By 1877, Coleraine had grown to100 people. A Wesleyan Methodist Church was built in 1861 and closed in 1901.14 The post office was closed in 1916. The Coleraine School was built in 1853 and a new brick schoolhouse was built in 1868.15 In 1885 the Coleraine Schoolhouse S.S. #16 was noted as being in union with S.S. #7 Toronto Gore. The Vaughan District School Board reported in 1885 the schoolhouse was a brick building of unsound construction.16

East’s Corners, later renamed Nashville, was established at the railway station in the latter part of the 19th century. A post office opened in 1881, and by 1890, it had a hotel and a grain elevator at the station. In the early 20th century there was a lumber yard, a blacksmith’s shop and a nearby Presbyterian church.17 A small frame chapel was built by John Bird, a carpenter by trade, in 1855, for the Nashville Zoar Primitive Methodist Church on the west half of Lot 24, Concession. The congregation was disbanded thirty years later in 1884. The church building was sold in 1909 and the proceeds where used to improve the adjoining cemetery.18

Kleinberg19 was established on the West Branch of the Humber River on Lots 24 and 25, Concession 9 after John Klein built a flour mill in the late 1840s. A small hamlet named Mount Vernon developed on the hill above the mill site; by 1890 the two communities were united under the name Kleinburg.20

Tremaine’s map (1860) shows a well settled agricultural landscape with the settlements of Kleinburg, Burwick (Woodbridge) and Brownsville in Concessions 7 and 8 (Appendix A). Coleraine schoolhouse and the Elder’s Mills schoolhouse and post office are noted. The Albion Road Company was established in 1846 and Highway 50 was planked. The Vaughan Plank Road Company formed in 1860 completed part of the old Vaughan Plank

13 John Lynch, Directory of the County of Peel for 1873-74 (Brampton: Brampton Progress Chromatic Printing House, 1874). 14 Reamore, 101-102. 15 Ibid, 102. 16 Ibid, 167 17 Ibid, 113. 18Patricia Somerville and , Catherine Macfarlane, 265-269. 19 Noted as Kleinburg in 1860 (Tremaine) and Klineburg in 1878 (Illustrated Historical Atlas). 20 Reaman, op. cit., 107. Unterman McPhail Associates September 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment: Built Heritage & Cultural Heritage Landscape Page 12 Highway 427 Transportation Corridor EA, W.O. 05-20012

Road through Woodbridge, Pine Grove and Kleinburg. The Toronto, Grey & Bruce Railway was built through the southwestern part of Vaughan Township in 1871. By the late 1870s, the Vaughan Township map in the Illustrated Historical Atlas (Appendix A) depicts a prosperous agricultural landscape with well developed farmsteads, an established local road system and hamlets at Elder’s Mills and Coleraine,. Both Coleraine and Elder’s Mills had schoolhouses, and a primitive Methodist Church was located in Elder’s Mills. The Toronto & Bruce Railway runs in a northwesterly manner, crossing Sideroad 15 to the immediate west of Elder’s Mills.

Twentieth century topographical maps continue to illustrate the agricultural character of the landscape in southwest corner of Vaughan into the latter part of the century (Appendix A). The Knox Presbyterian Church in Elder’s Mills was closed in 1961, and the building destroyed by fire in 1974. The City erected a memorial from the ruins. The ownership of the Knox Cemetery on Rutherford Road was transferred to the Town of Vaughan in 1973. In 1971, the Province created the new regional government of York Region and Vaughan Township was merged with the Village of Woodbridge to form the Town of Vaughan. In 1991, it officially changed its legal status to City of Vaughan.

4.2 Highway 427

The King's Highway No. 27 originally extended from Highway 2 in Long Branch, Ontario (Etobicoke Township) to Penetanguishene on Georgian Bay in Ontario. In the 1950s, a section of the highway between the Queen Elizabeth Way (QEW) and Highway 401 was upgraded to a four-lane freeway. In 1964, the province opened the nearby Airport Expressway to connect to Toronto International. The freeway section between the QEW and Highway 401 was widened to a collector-express system in the late 1960s, and was re-designated Highway 427, part of the provincial 400-series of highways, upon completion in 1972. The freeway portions of Highway 27 and the Airport Expressway, which were located between Highway 401 and Highway 409 prior to 1972, were combined to create a new 400-series highway number 427. Highway 427 followed the route of the former Highway 27 between the Queen Elizabeth Way and Highway 401. By the mid-1980s, the northern section from Highway 401 to Highway 7 was completed, replacing the former secondary route known as Indian Line that served as the Toronto/Peel boundary.

Unterman McPhail Associates September 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment: Built Heritage & Cultural Heritage Landscape Page 13 Highway 427 Transportation Corridor EA, W.O. 05-20012

5.0 DESCRIPTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPES & BUILT HERITAGE RESOURCES

5.1 Introduction

For the purposes of built heritage resource and cultural heritage landscape identification, this section provides a brief description of the existing environment in the vicinity of the Technically Preferred Alternative (Figure 2). This area does not include lands in the City of Brampton. It is located between Highway 7 in the south and to just north of Major Mackenzie Drive between Highway 50 and the CP rail line on the east.

5.2 Description of the Existing Environment

The Technically Preferred Alternative is located in the southwest corner of the City of Vaughan within the physiographical area known as the Peel plain. The area is characterized by level-to undulating clay soils with a gradual and fairly uniform slope towards Lake Ontario. The underlying geological material is a till comprising shale and limestone. Tributaries of the Humber River watershed cross the study area including Rainbow Creek and Robinson Creek. The TRCA owns and operates lands along the Humber River watershed.

Settlement of the land occurred in the early part of the 19th century, and this area of the former Vaughan Township had become a wheat growing area by mid century, and then a mixed crop and livestock area with its principal market in Toronto. Nearness to the Toronto market also resulted in the development of the area as a milk shed for the urban area in the 20th century. Smaller specialized farms for racehorses, poultry and fruit and vegetable also developed due to its closeness to the urban market.21

For the most part, present and former agricultural fields, fencerows, tree lines and a few active, and several former farm complexes characterize the study area. Several former farmhouses located in the area have lost their associated agricultural buildings and are now considered to be rural residences. Other rural residential buildings built in the later part of the 20th century are scattered along the local roads. The grid pattern of the original township survey is still distinctive in the landscape with the north-south concessions and east-west roads sideroads, but it is undergoing change. A commemorative cairn on Major Mackenzie Drive west of Huntingdon Road marks the location of the former Coleraine Cemetery and a schoolhouse. The former community of Elder’s Mills on Rutherford Road is represented in the landscape by a cemetery and former schoolhouse and some scattered residences.

Highway 427 currently terminates at York Regional Road 7 (formerly Highway 7) in the City of Vaughan. To the north of Regional Road 7, the area comprises former agricultural

21 L.J. Chapman and D.J. Putnam. The Physiography of Southern Ontario (Ministry of Natural Resources, 1984). 174-176.

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lands in transition to industrial use. The lands east of Highway 50 to Highway 27 in the City of Vaughan and south of Major Mackenzie Drive are designated as industrial use. More recently, industrial and commercial development has taken place in the Vaughan Enterprise Zone south of Langstaff Road between Highway 50 and Highway 27, with Zenway Boulevard and other secondary roads now in use. Langstaff Road is undergoing improvements and the intersection with Huntingdon Road is closed. Huntingdon Road has been realigned south of Langstaff Road in the Vaughan Enterprise Zone. The Canadian Pacific Intermodal Terminal occupies the land between Highway 50 and Huntingdon Road, north of Rutherford Road and south of Major Mackenzie Drive. Green space on the east side of Highway 50 south of Rutherford Road is part of the Hunter’s Glen Golf & Country Club is located.

The CPR MacTier Subdivision line runs northwesterly through the plan area from Rutherford Road and Highway 27. A late 20th century, east-west railway spur crosses Huntingdon Road and enters the CP Intermodal site just south of Major Mackenzie Drive. The spur line resulted in the realignment of McGillivray Road to the south of the railway line, and the closure of its original exit onto Major Mackenzie Drive. A hydro transmission corridor to the east of Highway 50 runs northerly from Highway 427 terminus between Highway 50 and the CPR line.

5.3 Description of Identified Cultural Heritage Landscapes and Built Heritage Resources

Unterman McPhail Associates identified built heritage resources and cultural heritage landscapes located within and adjacent to the route of the Technically Preferred Alternative.

There are a total sixteen (16) cultural heritage resources located within and adjacent to the route of the Technically Preferred Alternative. Of the sixteen (16) identified resources there are eleven (11) cultural heritage landscapes, which include six (6) farm complexes, three (3) roadscapes, one (1) cemetery and agricultural land. There are five (5) built heritage resources, which include two (2) residences, one (1) cemetery cairn, one (1) barn, and one (1) church. Langstaff Road identified as a cultural heritage landscape in 2007 is undergoing improvements in 2009, including the realignment of the intersection at Huntington Road. Therefore it is not included in Table 1. There are no federally or provincially recognized heritage sites within or adjacent to the Technically Preferred Alternative. The Humber River, which is in the vicinity of the proposed study area was officially designated a Canadian Heritage River on September 24, 1999; however, the project does not cross the Humber River.

The identified resources are generally listed from south to north in Table 1. The photographs in the Table were taken in October 2007 and May 2009. Aerial photographs have been used for those cultural resources that could not be viewed from the road right- of-way.

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Figure 3. Technically Preferred Alternative for the Highway 427 Extension Transportation Corridor [McCormick Rankin Corporation, April 2009].

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TABLE 1: IDENTIFIED CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPES (CHL) AND BUILT HERITAGE RESOURCES (BHR) WITHIN AND ADJACENT TO THE ROUTE OF THE TECHNICALLY PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE FOR THE HIGHWAY 427 EXTENSION TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR SITE # RESOURCE RESOURCE TYPE LOCATION/ADDRESS DESCRIPTION PHOTOGRAPH/AERIALS 1. CHL Agricultural (Lots 11 to 20, Concession Present and former farm complexes 9,Vaughan Township) City field and crops, fencerows, tree lines th of Vaughan continue to delineate the 19 century pattern of agricultural development of the area. Vaughan Township map in

the Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878) shows a well developed agricultural landscape with farm complexes and regular field patterns.

2. CHL Agricultural 6545 Langstaff Road, south Farm Complex: vacant in 2009 and side. (West half Lot 10, site inaccessible due to the closure of Concession 9, Vaughan Langstaff Road. Comprises c1900 Township) City of Vaughan brick farmhouse and barn, set back from road. Vaughan Township map in Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878)

indicates Henry E. Burkholder as the owner. Considered to be of local heritage interest by City of Vaughan. 3. CHL Agricultural 6666 Rutherford Road, Farm Complex: Comprises brick north side (West half Lot farmhouse, c1900 construction date, 16, Concession 9, Vaughan and a barn. Vaughan Township map Township) City of Vaughan in the Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878) indicates William Wood with farmhouse and orchard shown.

Included on the City of Vaughan’s Listing of Buildings of Architectural and Historical Value (2005).

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4. BHR Residential 6421 Rutherford Road, Residence: Single family dwelling, south side (Lot 15, appears to be an earlier residence much Concession 9, Vaughan altered, construction date unknown. Township) City of Vaughan Building shown on early 20th C. topographical maps.

5. BHR Religious: 6335 Rutherford Road, Church: Bethel Christian Church, south side (East half Lot 15, formerly schoolhouse, S. S. #15 Concession 9, Vaughan Elder’s Mills, with a construction Township) City of Vaughan date of 1872, much altered. Vaughan Township map in the Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878) shows

schoolhouse at Elder’s Mills. Considered to be of local heritage interest by City of Vaughan.

6. CHL Funerary Rutherford Road, north side Knox Cemetery (Vaughan) and (West half Lot 16, former site of Knox Church. Concession 9. Vaughan Vaughan Township map in the Township) City of Vaughan Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878) shows church at Elder’s Mills. Site of the Elder’s Mills commemorative

plaque.

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7. CHL Agricultural: 9471 McGillivray Road, Farm Complex: Farmhouse and large east side (West half Lot 17, barn complex set back a distance Concession 9, Vaughan from road. Vaughan Township map Township) City of Vaughan in the Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878) shows John Fleming Estate with a farmhouse and orchard.

Considered to be of local heritage interest by City of Vaughan.

8. CHL Transportation McGillivray Road (Lots 16- Roadscape: Mid concession north- 20, Concession 9) City of south road south of Major Mackenzie Vaughan Drive to Rutherford Road. Rural two lane gravel road with little to no shoulders and grassy ditches. Named after Neil McGillivray family, early settlers on Lot 20, Concession 9. Distinctive tree line to the immediate south of 9471 McGillvray Road and at driveway entrance to farm complex.

Image 1 McGillivray Road south to driveway to 9471.

Image 2 view eastward along driveway to 9471 McGillivray Road.

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9. CHL Agricultural: 9571 Huntington Road, east Farm Complex: Comprises a side (West half Lot 18, farmhouse and barn complex, not Concession 9, Vaughan visible from the road. Vaughan Township) City of Vaughan Township map in the Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878) shows D. McGillivary as the owner of the property without a farmhouse shown on site. Considered to be of local heritage interest by City of Vaughan. 10. CHL Transportation Huntington Road, Roadscape: North-south rural two (Concessions 9 and 10, lane, gravel road with little to no Vaughan Township) City of shoulders and grassy ditches between Vaughan Rutherford Road and Major Mackenzie Road. Vaughan Township map in the Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878) shows an open concession road. Image 1 to north to intersection with

Major Mackenzie Drive and Huntington Road. Image 2 south on Huntington Road to rail crossing at McGillivray Road

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11. BHR Agricultural No. 9711 Huntington Road, Barn: circa early 20th century barn, silo east side (West half Lot 20, set back in fields from the road Concession 9, Vaughan associated with a modern farmhouse Township) City of (Anjar Farms) to southwest at road. Vaughan

12. CHL Agricultural 6611 Major Mackenzie Farm Complex: Comprises a Road, south side (West half farmhouse and barn. Vaughan Lot 20. Concession 9, Township map in the Illustrated Vaughan Township) City Historical Atlas (1878) shows Thomas of Vaughan Steel. Considered to be of local heritage interest by City of Vaughan

13. CHL Transportation Major Mackenzie Drive, Roadscape: Rural, two lane, paved runs east to west between road with solid centre line, little to no Lots 20 and 21. Vaughan shoulders, grassy ditches. Vaughan Township) City of Township map in the Illustrated Vaughan Historical Atlas (1878) shows an open sideline.

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14. BHR Funerary Major Mackenzie Drive, Cairn: Coleraine Cemetery with stone south side, west of marker. Former site of a 19th C. Huntington Road (East half schoolhouse. Vaughan Township Lot 20, Concession 10, map in the Illustrated Historical Vaughan Township) City Atlas (1878) shows a schoolhouse. of Vaughan

15. BHR Residential 7050 Major Mackenzie Former Farmhouse: 19th C., one and-a- Road, north side (Lot 21, half storey, centre gable residence, Concession 10, Vaughan now part of Guspo Transport Limited Township ) City of site. Vaughan Township map in the Vaughan Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878) shows the Kellam family as the owners with Lot 22, no farmhouse shown on Lot 21.

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16. CHL Agricultural: 10220 Huntington Road, Farm Complex: Richard Agar House, th east side (Lot 23, 19 C. side gable brick house, with a Concession 9, Vaughan large barn complex to north. House Township) City of faces onto Major Mackenzie Drive. Vaughan Vaughan Township map in the Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878) shows Richard Agar. Included on the City of Vaughan’s Listing of Buildings of Architectural and Historical Value.

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6.0 POTENTIAL IMPACTS UNDERTAKING ON CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCES AND MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Description of Impacts

This section provides an assessment of the potential adverse effects associated with the proposed Technically Preferred Alternative. The conservation of cultural heritage resources in planning is considered to be a matter of public interest. Generally, highway improvements have the potential to adversely affect cultural heritage landscapes and built heritage resources thorough displacement and/or disruption during, as well as after construction. Built heritage resources and/or cultural heritage landscapes may experience displacement, i.e., removal, if they are located within the rights-of-way of the undertaking, or isolated by the introduction of a new road. There may also be potential for disruption, or indirect impacts, to cultural heritage resources by the introduction of physical, visual, audible or atmospheric elements that are not in keeping with their character and, or setting.

The potential displacement and disruption effects of the Technically Preferred Alternative are associated with the introduction of the extension of Highway 427 into the existing landscape as new highway infrastructure. The Technically Preferred Alternative comprises an alignment from York Region Road 7 to Major Mackenzie Drive. There will be interchanges at Highway 7, Langstaff Road, Rutherford Road and Major Mackenzie Drive. Existing sections of McGillivray Road at Rutherford Road and Huntington Road will be closed. The south end of McGillivray Road north of Rutherford Road will be realigned to the east of the existing alignment. An existing section of Major Mackenzie Drive will be realigned at Huntington Road to the north of the existing jogged intersection. Parking areas and car pool lots will be located in the northwest quadrant of the proposed intersections at Langstaff Road, Rutherford Road and Major Mackenzie Drive.

The cultural heritage resources that are potentially affected by the Technically Preferred Alternative are listed in Table 2.

There are four (4) direct effects, i.e., displacement or removal, namely, o 6421 Rutherford Road (BHR 4); o 9571 Huntington Road (CHL 9); o 9711 Huntington Road (CHL 11); and, o 10220 Huntington Road (CHL 16).

There are twelve (12) indirect impacts, i.e., disruption effects, as a result of the introduction of physical, visual, audible or atmospheric elements that are not in keeping with their character and, or setting. The Technically Preferred Alternative will affect these cultural heritage resources in varying degrees of disruption. They are: o Agricultural Land (CHL 1); o 6545 Langstaff Road, (CHL 2);

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o 6666 Rutherford Road (CHL 3); o 6335 Rutherford Road (BHR 5); o Knox Cemetery (CHL 6); o 9471 McGillivray Road (CHL 7); o McGillivray Road (CHL 8); o Huntington Road (CHL 10); o 6611 Major Mackenzie Drive (CHL 12); o Major Mackenzie Drive (CHL 13); o Coleraine Cemetery Cairn (CHL 14), and, o 7050 Major Mackenzie Drive (BHR 15).

The former agricultural land (CHL 1) in the study area will be changed by the introduction of the Highway 427 Extension. Improvements to Rutherford Road will disrupt the existing landscape of the residence located at 6335 Rutherford Road (BHR 5) and the Knox Cemetery (CHL 6). Part of the cultural heritage landscape of the farm complex located at 9471 McGillivray Road (CHL 7) will be affected by the realignment of McGillvray Road to the east. Access to 6611 Major Mackenzie Drive (CHL 12) will be moved from Major Mackenzie Road to McGillivray Road affecting the existing cultural heritage landscape. The roadscapes associated with McGillivray Road (CHL 8), Huntington Road (CHL 10) and Major Mackenzie Drive (CHL 13) will be realigned as part of the undertaking. Major Mackenzie Drive will be reconstructed in front of the Coleraine Cemetery Cairn site (CHL 14) and the transit access road from Major Mackenzie Drive will affect the property at 7050 Major Mackenzie Drive (BHR 15).

The study area lands south of Major Mackenzie Drive are approved for industrial use within the City of Vaughan Official Plan, and will undergo future change as a result of urban land uses being introduced into the existing rural lands. The City of Vaughan may require Cultural Heritage Evaluation Reports (CHER) for the resources identified at 6545 Langstaff Road (CHL 2) and 6666 Langstaff Road (CHL 3) as part of planning process for this future development.

The potential impacts in regard to built heritage resources and cultural heritage landscapes are listed in Table 2. The locations of all of identified cultural heritage resources are shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6, with the exception of the agricultural land (CHL 1), which is located throughout the study area.

6.2 Mitigation Recommendations

Infrastructure improvements should not adversely affect cultural heritage resources and intervention should be managed in such a way that its impact is sympathetic with the value of the resources. When the nature of the undertaking is such that adverse impacts are unavoidable it may be necessary to implement management or mitigation strategies that alleviate the deleterious effects to cultural heritage resource. Mitigation is the process of causing lessening or negating anticipated adverse impacts to cultural heritage

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resources. It may include such actions as avoidance, monitoring, protection, relocation, documentation, salvage, remedial landscaping, etc., and may be a temporary or permanent action.

The principal philosophy in the protection of culturally significant heritage features is to preserve the heritage building or structure in situ. The following conservation options, listed in descending order of preference, are standard mitigation measures for cultural heritage resources and included in Section 5.0 of the Environmental Guide for Built Heritage And Cultural Heritage Landscapes (February 2007): 1. Retention of the existing built heritage resource in-situ. 2. Relocation of the existing built heritage resource to a new location on its current site. 3. Relocation of the existing built heritage resource to an appropriate new site nearby in the municipality, preferably in the vicinity of its original location to preserve its historical value. 4. Full recording and documentation of the built heritage resource and cultural heritage landscape if they are to be removed and/or demolished. 5. Salvage of elements from built heritage resources for incorporation into existing historic or new structures.

The proposed undertaking will change the cultural heritage character and setting of the study area with the introduction of an extension of Highway 427 into the existing rural landscape. This action will result in the removal or demolition and the disruption of a number of identified built heritage resources and cultural heritage landscapes. Since property access for field work was not available as part of this work, some cultural heritage resources will require on-site investigation of the buildings and structures and the associated cultural heritage landscape to determine their heritage significance. Given that some cultural heritage resources will potentially be changed by the approved future industrial development in the study area, Cultural Heritage Evaluation Reports (CHER) are not recommended as a mitigation action for the two (2) properties located at 6545 Langstaff Road (CHL 2) and 6666 Langstaff Road (CHL 3) as part of the extension of Highway 427 project. It should be noted that the City of Vaughan may require Cultural Heritage Evaluation Reports for these resources as part of the land use planning process.

The recommended mitigation options for direct impacts and indirect impacts are contained in Table 2. The mitigation recommendations are based upon Section 5.0 of the Environmental Guide for Built Heritage And Cultural Heritage Landscapes (February 2007). Section 5.0 states a stand-alone Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report (CHER) will be prepared as required upon the recommendations of the Cultural Heritage Assessment Report. All future evaluation and recording and documentation work is to undertaken by a qualified built heritage resource consultant according to Section 3.7 of the ERHD and MTO’s publications, Built Heritage and Cultural Heritage Landscapes: Environmental Protection Requirements for Transportation Planning and Highway Design, Construction, Operation and Maintenance (October 2006) and, Environmental Guide for Built Heritage And Cultural Heritage Landscapes (February 2007).

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TABLE 2: POTENTIAL IMPACTS CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPES (CHL) AND BUILT HERITAGE RESOURCES (BHR) WITHIN AND ADJACENT TO RECCOMMENDED 427 EXTENSION ROUTE, CITY OF VAUGHAN SITE # RESOURCE LOCATION/ DESCRIPTION POTENTIAL IMPACTS MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS TYPE ADDRESS 1 CHL Study Area Former agricultural Indirect/Disruption Built heritage resources such as barns and Lots 11 to 20, land. farmhouses, and tree lines and fencerows should be Concession 9, preserved in the landscape where feasible, as Vaughan visible reminders of the former agricultural history of the area. 4 BHR 6421 Rutherford Road Residence Direct/Displacement Complete an on-site investigation of the built heritage resource(s) and associated cultural heritage landscape when the property is vacated. Based upon the on-site assessment, either a cultural heritage evaluation report (CHER) or a documentation report may be recommended for completion prior to any work being undertaken to determine. If resources are to be demolished, not relocated, the identification of architectural elements to be salvaged should be conducted. The City of Vaughan will be consulted in regard to mitigation actions. 5 BHR 6335 Rutherford Road Church, former Indirect/Disruption Considered to be of local heritage interest by schoolhouse City of Vaughan; therefore, a cultural heritage evaluation report (CHER) will be completed to determine the heritage interest/value of the property. The CHER will include mitigation recommendations to address the indirect impacts of the undertaking. The City of Vaughan will be consulted in regard to mitigation actions. 6 CHL Rutherford Road Knox Cemetery Indirect/Disruption Appropriate buffering landscaping will be provided for the cemetery site.

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TABLE 2: POTENTIAL IMPACTS CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPES (CHL) AND BUILT HERITAGE RESOURCES (BHR) WITHIN AND ADJACENT TO RECCOMMENDED 427 EXTENSION ROUTE, CITY OF VAUGHAN SITE # RESOURCE LOCATION/ DESCRIPTION POTENTIAL IMPACTS MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS TYPE ADDRESS 7 CHL 9471 McGillivray Farm Complex Indirect/Disruption Considered to be of local heritage interest by Road Considered to be of City of Vaughan; therefore, a cultural heritage local heritage interest. evaluation report (CHER) will be completed to determine the heritage interest/value of the property. The CHER will include mitigation recommendations to address the indirect impacts of the undertaking. The City of Vaughan will be consulted in regard to mitigation actions. 8 CHL McGillivray Road Roadscape Indirect/Disruption: Partial road closures and realignment, therefore, the roadscape will be photo-documented where road closure is recommended. 9 CHL 9571 Huntington Farm Complex Direct/Displacement Considered to be of local heritage interest by Road Considered to be of City of Vaughan. Complete an on-site local heritage interest. investigation of the built heritage resource(s) and associated cultural heritage landscape when the property is under MTO ownership. Based upon the on-site work, a cultural heritage evaluation report (CHER) will be completed prior to any work being undertaken to determine the appropriate mitigation recommendations, i.e., relocation and documentation. The CHER will include mitigation recommendations to address the indirect impacts of the undertaking. The City of Vaughan will be consulted in regard to mitigation actions. 10 CHL Huntington Road Roadscape Indirect/Disruption The roadscape will be photo-documented where road closure is recommended.

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12 CHL 6611 Major Farmhouse Indirect/Disruption: Considered to be of local heritage interest by Mackenzie Road Considered to be of Access on Major City of Vaughan; therefore, a cultural heritage local heritage interest. Mackenzie Drive to be evaluation report (CHER) will be completed to closed. determine the heritage interest/value of the property. The CHER will include mitigation recommendations to address the indirect impacts of the undertaking. The City of Vaughan will be consulted in regard to mitigation actions. 13 CHL Major Mackenzie Roadscape Indirect/Disruption: Partial road closure at Huntington Road, therefore Drive the roadscape will be photo-documented where road closure is recommended. 14 BHR Major Mackenzie Coleraine Cemetery Indirect/Disruption Appropriate buffering landscaping will be provided Drive Cairn for the Coleraine Cemetery site.

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TABLE 2: POTENTIAL IMPACTS CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPES (CHL) AND BUILT HERITAGE RESOURCES (BHR) WITHIN AND ADJACENT TO RECCOMMENDED 427 EXTENSION ROUTE, CITY OF VAUGHAN SITE # RESOURCE LOCATION/ DESCRIPTION POTENTIAL IMPACTS MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS TYPE ADDRESS 15 BHR 7050 Major Residence, former Indirect/Disruption A cultural heritage evaluation report (CHER) will Mackenzie farmhouse be completed to determine the heritage interest/value of the property. The CHER will include mitigation recommendations to address the indirect impacts of the undertaking. The City of Vaughan will be consulted in regard to mitigation actions. 16 CHL 10220 Huntington Farmhouse Direct/Displacement This property is included in the City of Road Vaughan Listing of Buildings of Architectural and Historical Value; therefore, retention of the existing built heritage resources in-situ is the preferred conservation option. If it is determined that retention on-site is not possible, relocation of the existing built heritage resources to a new location on its current site, or to an appropriate new site nearby in the municipality, preferably in the vicinity of its original location to preserve its historical value, shall be considered. Prior to the initiation of any relocation and/or demolition work on-site, a documentation report of the principal built heritage resource, i.e., farmhouse, barn and any principal outbuildings, and the associated cultural heritage landscape will be completed. If it is determined in consultation that the resources are to be demolished, elements from built heritage resources shall be salvaged for incorporation into existing historic or new structures. The City of Vaughan will be consulted in regard to mitigation actions.

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Figure 4. Location of identified cultural heritage landscapes (CHL) and built heritage resources (BHR) within and adjacent to the Technically Preferred Alternative.

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Figure 5. Location of identified cultural heritage landscapes (CHL) and built heritage resources (BHR) within and adjacent to the Technically Preferred Alternative.

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Figure 6. Location of identified cultural heritage landscapes (CHL) and built heritage resources (BHR) within and adjacent to the Technically Preferred Alternative.

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SOURCES CONSULTED

Chapman, L.J. and Putnam, D.J. The Physiography of Southern Ontario. Ministry of Natural Resources. 1984.

Directory of Cemeteries in the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto and the Regional Municipality of York.

Environmental Assessment Act RSO 1990, c. E.18. (as am. S.O. 1993, c. 27; 1994, c. 27; and 1996, c. 27).

Guideline for Preparing the Cultural Heritage Component of Environmental Assessments. Ontario Ministry of Culture and Communications and Ontario Ministry of the Environment, October 1992.

A History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario. Volume I. Toronto: C. Blackett Robinson, 1885.

A History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario. Volume II. Toronto: C. Blackett Robinson, 1885.

Kleinburg-Nashville Heritage Conservation Study and Plan. Phillip H. Carter Architect and Planner (August 2003).

Lynch, John. Directory of the County of Peel for 1873-74 (Brampton: Brampton Progress Chromatic Printing House, 1874).

Ontario Heritage Act Regulation 9/06: Criteria for Determining Cultural Heritage Value or Interest, January 25, 2006

Ontario Ministry of Culture. Info Sheets. Cultural Landscapes in Ontario. November 27, 2007. Eight Guiding Principles in the Conservation of Built Heritage Properties. Spring 2007. Listing Cultural Heritage Properties on the Municipal Register. Spring 2007. Heritage Conservation Principles for Land Use Planning. Spring 2007.

Ontario Ministry of Transportation. Environmental Guide for Built Heritage and Cultural Heritage Landscapes (February 2007). Environmental Reference for Highway Design (2002), Environmental Protection Requirements for Transportation Planning and Highway Design, Construction, Operation and Maintenance (2004).

Ontario Heritage Act. RSO 1990.

Chapman L.J. and Putnam. D.J. The Physiography of Southern Ontario. Ministry of Natural Resources, 1984.

Reaman, G. Elmore. The History of Vaughan Township. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1971.

Somerville, Patricia, and Macfarlane, Catherine, A History of Vaughan Township Churches. Vaughan Township Historical Society, 1984.

Tavender, Geo. S. From This Year Hence: A History of the Township of Toronto Gore 1818-1983. Rpt. 1967. Ontario 1984.

Weiler, John. Guidelines on the Man-Made Heritage Component of Environmental Assessments. Ontario Ministry of Culture and Recreation, 1980.

Web Sites

The Canadian Heritage River System: The Rivers—Humber River Access:--< http://www.chrs.ca/Rivers/Humber/Humber_e.htm>.

Cameron Bevers. History of Ontario’s Kings Highways—The King’s Highway 50. 2002, 2203. Access: --

Library and Archives of Canada. Philately and Postal History > Post Offices and Postmasters: Coleraine, Elder‘s Mills, Nashville. Access:--< http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/databases/post-offices/index-e.html>.

City of Vaughan Interactive Mapping: Heritage Inventory. Access:--< http://66.146.131.174/website/heritage/viewer.htm>.

Ontario Heritage Trust's Online Plaque Guide. Access:-- .

Historical Plaques of York County. Access:--< http://www.waynecook.com/ayork.html>.

Maps

Microsoft 2009.

Tremaine’s Map of the County of York, Canada West. Geo. R. Tremaine, Toronto, 1860.

Vaughan Township Map. Illustrated Historical Atlas of York. Myles & Co., Toronto 1878.

National Topographical Series: Bolton 30M/13 for 1926, 1940 and 1978 and 1985.

Contacts

Stephen Robinson, Heritage Planner, City of Vaughan.

Unterman McPhail Associates September 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants

APPENDIX A: HISTORICAL MAPS

Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment: Built Heritage & Cultural Heritage Landscape Appendix A Highway 427 Transportation Corridor EA, W.O. 05-20012

Tremaine’s Map of the County of York, Canada West. Geo. R. Tremaine, Toronto, 1860.

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Vaughan Township Map. Illustrated Historical Atlas of York. Myles & Co., Toronto 1878.

National Topographical Series: Bolton 30M/13 for 1926.

National Topographical Series: Bolton 30M/13 for 1940.

National Topographical Series: Bolton 30M/13 for 1978.

National Topographical Series: Bolton 30M/13 for 1985.

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