DOCSLIB.ORG

South African Textile Industry

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
South African Textile Industry A HISTORY OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY. THE PIONEERING PHASE, 1820 - 1948 by JAMES (PADDY) CAROL McDOWELL Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce (Economic History) at the University of Natal, Durban December 2000 " DECLARATION I hereby declare Ihal this dissertation, except where explicitly stated to the contrary in the text, is entirely my own original work. JAMES (PADDY) CAROL McDOWELL iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge Professor Bill Freund the supervisor of th is thesis, being the person who introduced me, a mature student to the academic world. My sincere thanks are extended to him for his patience, unwavering support, guidance and interest in my work. My thanks and acknowledgement are extended to my wife Jenny, also for her support and patience during the period of thi s th esis, as well as being my cartographer producing the maps and graphs. Oth ers who were of great assistance were Professor Vishnu Padayachee and my friend Jeanne Hill of Cape Town. The enthusiasm of all those interviewed throughout South Africa and overseas stimulated and encou raged me and a specia l word of thanks is due to the immediate descendants of the families of the South African textile pioneers. I owe a special debt of gratitude to Mrs Norma Hatcher for her support and willingness in typing and preparing this document. iv ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis is to bring together scattered information about the South African textile industry in an endeavour to give its growth some semblance of order up to 1948. The thesis commences by looking at the early colonial period, from the arrival of the 1820 Settlers and the first mill they established. As wool and cotton are basic commodities in the textile industry, these are dealt with from the arrival of Jan van Riebeeck in 1652, as is the colonial economy. The development of the industry is tabled , in chronological order, from 1822 covering where mills were sited and their founders. Two chapters are devoted to the leading pioneers in the industry - Harris, Mauerberger, Beier and Frame. The position of trade unions and the role of the state in the industry are looked at, subsequently. The thesis concludes with an assessment of the industry up to 1948. The question is posed as to the future of the textile industry in the South African economy. v CONTENTS Page No INTRODUCTION 1 The period of the thesis 1820-1948 The purpose of the thesis The scope of the methodology The literature review Outl ine of the thesis CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF COLONIAL SOUTH 7 AFRICAN ECONOMY CHAPTER 2: THE SOUTH AFRICAN TEXTILE 41 INDUSTRY AND THE PARTICIPANTS FROM THE INCEPTION TO 1948 CHAPTER 3: PIONEERS OF THE INDUSTRY 85 3.1 Harris family 85 3.2 Mauerberger family 98 3.3 Beier family 109 CHAPTER 4 : PHILlP FRAME 115 CHAPTERS: TWO VITAL INGREDIENTS: LABOUR 141 AND THE STATE CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION 174 BIBLIOGRAPHY 189 ANNEXURES: 1. Waverley Blankets, 1957 Price List 198 2. Chronological order of mills 204 GLOSSARY 210 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page INTRODUCTION 1. Union Population 1910 -1945 4 CHAPTER 1 1. Wool exported during Anglo-Boer War 13 2. Numerical population urban and rural 25 3. Comparison in earning s in Rand between secondary 32 industry as a whole and the blanket industry 4. Employment and net annual output in the textiles and 36 wearing apparel industry CHAPTER 2 1. The development of the blanket industry from 1933-1942 42 2. Value of imports as a percentage of va lue of total 74 consumption 3. The value of the Union material as a percentage of total 78 cost of materials CHAPTER 5 1. Number of employees in the blanket industry compared 14 2 with total of all trade union members (for registered and unregistered unions) covering the period 1933 to 1941 inclusive, for all race groups, on a national basis 2. The story in figures 144 CHAPTER 6 1. Total capital invested and profits earned in industry 183 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page CHAPTER 1 1. Sheep farming areas in South Africa 17 2. Woolwasheries from mid-1800s to 1948 18 3. Present day cotton production areas, ginning and 22 spinning 4 . Present day cotton growing areas 22 5. Secondary industry in South Africa 1915 - 1948, number 34 of establishments 6. Secondary industry in South Africa 1915 - 1948, salaries 35 and wages 7. Secondary industry in South Africa 1915 -1948, number 38 of workers 8. Secondary industry in South Africa 1915 -1948, material 39 cost and value of output 9. Growth of the population 1904 - 1967 40 CHAPTER 2 1. Bradshaw's mill, Bathurst 45 2. Agricultural hall, Howick 49 3. General arrangement of hydro-electric power station , 51 Howick 4 . Kantor and Davidowitz 55 5. The first Board and Founders of The Consolidated Textile 57 Mills Ltd, 1935 6. The textile pipeline 66 7. Value of imports of all types of blankets, rug s and kaffir 71 sheeting 8. Value and weight of imported sheeps' wool for blanket 72 manufacturing viii 9. Comparison between values of imports and local 73 manufacture of all types of blankets, rugs and kaffir sheeling 10. Value of cotton blankets, wool and woollen blankets, rugs 75 (shawls) and sheeling 11 . Quantity of cotton blankets, wool and woollen blankets, 77 rugs (shawls), and sheeting manufactured 12. Cost of materials used 79 13. Mill locations and dates of opening 84 CHAPTER 3 1. Woolf Harris 85 2. Waverley Wool Washing Establishment, Ceres Road 86 3. Waverley Blanket Mill, Ceres Road 86 4. The first factory of South African Woollen Mills Ltd at Salt 87 River 5. Waverl ey Mill, Mowbray, Cape Town 87 6. Maurice Mauerberger 98 7. o T H Beier 109 CHAPTER 4 1. Phi lip Frame J.P. 115 CHAPTER 5 1. Number of employees 149 2. Salaries and wages 149 3. Value and number of propositions accepted by IOC since 173 1940 1 INTRODUCTION The thesis will commence with the 1820 British seltlers who established the first mill, through t01948, with special emphasis on the period between 1875 and 1947/8. The years 1947/8 saw the beginning of a proper textile industry, when a range of fabrics, in addition to blankets was produced by various mills ,that came on-stream during this period. Taking into account that the total time frame is in excess of a hundred years the amount of original literature relevant to the industry in this period was somewhat limited. Fortunately major contemporary investigations carried out by the Board of Trade and Industry were available in University of Natal archives. The Board published report 290 on September 11, 1946 under the title "The South African Blanket Manufacturing Industry" and report 323 dated December 29, 1950 under the title "The Textile Manufacturing Industry". From the titles of these two reports it will be realised that the pre-World War 11 weaving industry was to all intents and purposes a blanket manufacturing industry and yet it was sufficiently large, and important to justify an investigation into it by the government. The Annual General Meetings minutes of The Industrial Development Corporation South Africa Limited covering the immediate post World War 11 meetings (see bibliography) were available from th e IOC library. The publication "Jewish Roots in the South African Economy", published in 1986 by Mendel Kaplan, contained a chapter on the Jewish pioneers in the textile industry which was most informative. There were also company publications by the Frame Group and the Beier Group which traced the history of these respective groups. The late Mrs Norris, the mother of John Norris, currently a director in the Frame Group, compiled her reminiscences on Frame. Furthermore, her late husband was a director in the group and a contemporary of Frame, which would indicate that her writings would have come from direct knowledge and were not dependent on hearsay. Writings by historians, economists, financial journalists and company archives were available from various sources. Information obtained from Neville Goltlieb on the Harris dynasty, coupled with an interview with Mrs Raphaely, the daughter of Woolf Harris, was of great value as was information provided by Mrs Estelle Yach, the daughter of Morris Mauerberger. 2 Certain direct descendants of the original pioneers were interviewed and yielded interesting and useful information. Furthermore senior personnel who worked in the industry in the post World War ]I era were also interviewed. (See bibliography) This was most definitely the pioneering stage of the textile industry, albeit predominantly a blanket manufacturing industry , and it is hoped that the trials and tribulations experienced by the early mill owners will be appreciated, as pioneers of the industry. They lived and worked in a fiercely competitive and unforgiving industry. In its formative years, and up to the commencement of World War 11 , the industry was of limited importance to the country, as agriculture and mining were the main contributors to the economy. During this period virtually no fabric was produced that was used by a reasonably sized clothing industry. Post World War II the industry had to compete with fabric imported by the wholesale merchants and clothing industry and it struggled to have its fabric accepted. It was eventually given protection by the government by way of substantial duties on imported fabric as well as import permits which not only controlled the value of imports but also the type of fabric that could be imported. In the economic climate of the year 2000, the industry has undergone a dramatic shift brought about by the post-apartheid government's attitude to free enterprise and the globalisation of the world economy.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Calvinism in the Context of the Afrikaner Nationalist Ideology
    ASIAN AND AFRICAN STUDIES, 78, 2009, 2, 305-323 CALVINISM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE AFRIKANER NATIONALIST IDEOLOGY Jela D o bo šo vá Institute of Oriental Studies, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Klemensova 19, 813 64 Bratislava, Slovakia [email protected] Calvinism was a part of the mythic history of Afrikaners; however, it was only a specific interpretation of history that made it a part of the ideology of the Afrikaner nationalists. Calvinism came to South Africa with the first Dutch settlers. There is no historical evidence that indicates that the first settlers were deeply religious, but they were worshippers in the Nederlands Hervormde Kerk (Dutch Reformed Church), which was the only church permitted in the region until 1778. After almost 200 years, Afrikaner nationalism developed and connected itself with Calvinism. This happened due to the theoretical and ideological approach of S. J.du Toit and a man referred to as its ‘creator’, Paul Kruger. The ideology was highly influenced by historical developments in the Netherlands in the late 19th century and by the spread of neo-Calvinism and Christian nationalism there. It is no accident, then, that it was during the 19th century when the mythic history of South Africa itself developed and that Calvinism would play such a prominent role in it. It became the first religion of the Afrikaners, a distinguishing factor in the multicultural and multiethnic society that existed there at the time. It legitimised early thoughts of a segregationist policy and was misused for political intentions. Key words: Afrikaner, Afrikaner nationalism, Calvinism, neo-Calvinism, Christian nationalism, segregation, apartheid, South Africa, Great Trek, mythic history, Nazi regime, racial theories Calvinism came to South Africa in 1652, but there is no historical evidence that the settlers who came there at that time were Calvinists.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Creating Home British Colonialism, Culture And
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by South East Academic Libraries System (SEALS) RE-CREATING HOME BRITISH COLONIALISM, CULTURE AND THE ZUURVELD ENVIRONMENT IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Jill Payne Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor Paul Maylam Rhodes University Grahamstown May 1998 ############################################## CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ..................................... p. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................... p.iii PREFACE ................................................... p.iv ABSTRACT .................................................. p.v I: INTRODUCTION ........................................ p.1 II: ROMANCE, REALITY AND THE COLONIAL LANDSCAPE ...... p.15 III: LAND USE AND LANDSCAPE CHANGE .................... p.47 IV: ADVANCING SETTLEMENT, RETREATING WILDLIFE ........ p.95 V: CONSERVATION AND CONTROL ........................ p.129 VI: CONCLUSION ........................................ p.160 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................ p.165 i ############################################## LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure i. Map of the Zuurveld ............................... p.10 Figure ii. Representation of a Bushman elephant hunt ........... p.99 Figure iii: Representation of a colonial elephant hunt ........... p.100 ii ############################################## ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My grateful thanks must go firstly to Professor Paul Maylam. In overseeing
    [Show full text]
  • The Gordian Knot: Apartheid & the Unmaking of the Liberal World Order, 1960-1970
    THE GORDIAN KNOT: APARTHEID & THE UNMAKING OF THE LIBERAL WORLD ORDER, 1960-1970 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Ryan Irwin, B.A., M.A. History ***** The Ohio State University 2010 Dissertation Committee: Professor Peter Hahn Professor Robert McMahon Professor Kevin Boyle Professor Martha van Wyk © 2010 by Ryan Irwin All rights reserved. ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the apartheid debate from an international perspective. Positioned at the methodological intersection of intellectual and diplomatic history, it examines how, where, and why African nationalists, Afrikaner nationalists, and American liberals contested South Africa’s place in the global community in the 1960s. It uses this fight to explore the contradictions of international politics in the decade after second-wave decolonization. The apartheid debate was never at the center of global affairs in this period, but it rallied international opinions in ways that attached particular meanings to concepts of development, order, justice, and freedom. As such, the debate about South Africa provides a microcosm of the larger postcolonial moment, exposing the deep-seated differences between politicians and policymakers in the First and Third Worlds, as well as the paradoxical nature of change in the late twentieth century. This dissertation tells three interlocking stories. First, it charts the rise and fall of African nationalism. For a brief yet important moment in the early and mid-1960s, African nationalists felt genuinely that they could remake global norms in Africa’s image and abolish the ideology of white supremacy through U.N.
    [Show full text]
  • South African Jewish Board of Deputies Report of The
    The South African Jewish Board of Deputies JL 1r REPORT of the Executive Council for the period July 1st, 1933, to April 30th, 1935. To be submitted to the Eleventh Congress at Johannesburg, May 19th and 20th, 1935. <י .H.W.V. 8. Co י É> S . 0 5 Americanist Commiitae LIBRARY 1 South African Jewish Board of Deputies. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL. President : Hirsch Hillman, Johannesburg. Vice-President» : S. Raphaely, Johannesburg. Morris Alexander, K.C., M.P., Cape Town. H. Moss-Morris, Durban. J. Philips, Bloemfontein. Hon. Treasurer: Dr. Max Greenberg. Members of Executive Council: B. Alexander. J. Alexander. J. H. Barnett. Harry Carter, M.P.C. Prof. Dr. S. Herbert Frankel. G. A. Friendly. Dr. H. Gluckman. J. Jackson. H. Katzenellenbogen. The Chief Rabbi, Prof. Dr. j. L. Landau, M.A., Ph.D. ^ C. Lyons. ^ H. H. Morris Esq., K.C. ^י. .B. L. Pencharz A. Schauder. ^ Dr. E. B. Woolff, M.P.C. V 2 CONSTITUENT BODIES. The Board's Constituent Bodies are as. follows :— JOHANNESBURG (Transvaal). 1. Anykster Sick Benefit and Benevolent Society. 2. Agoodas Achim Society. 3. Beth Hamedrash Hagodel. 4. Berea Hebrew Congregation. 5. Bertrams Hebrew Congregation. 6. Braamfontein Hebrew Congregation. 7. Chassidim Congregation. 8. Club of Polish Jews. 9. Doornfontein Hebrew:: Congregation.^;7 10. Eastern Hebrew Benevolent Society. 11. Fordsburg Hebrew Congregation. 12. Grodno Sifck Benefit and Benevolent Society. 13. Habonim. 14. Hatechiya Organisation. 15. H.O.D. Dr. Herzl Lodge. 16. H.O.D. Sir Moses Montefiore Lodge. 17. Jeppes Hebrew Congregation, 18. Johannesburg Jewish Guild. 19. Johannesburg Jewish Helping Hand and Burial Society.
    [Show full text]
  • SOUTK Afftica's EXPANDING RELATIONS with LATIN AMERICA, 1966-1976 W David Fig
    SOUTK AFFtICA'S EXPANDING RELATIONS WITH LATIN AMERICA, 1966-1976 W David Fig The documentation of South Africa's relations with Latin America has previously received only cursory mention in work on contemporary South African history. This paper seeks to examine the significance of these relations and to raise a number of pertinent questions about the role of the state in its efforts to promote suoh linkages. Althou& trade relations existed since the early nineteenth century (l), and South Africa had limited diplomatic representation in Argentina and Brazil since 1938 and 1943, respectively (2), it is only in the last dozen years that relations with Latin America have been expanded significantly. The conjuncture of the mid-1960s in South Africa saw a period of sustained expansion of the gross domestic product which was assisted by new injections of foreign inves-tment following the severe repression of the nationalist movement. But "growth11required the importation of large amounts of expensive and sophisticated capital goods, and this took place at a much faster rate than did the increase in exports. South African exports - two-thirds of which consisted of primary products - had to overcome the adverse effects of an inflationary cost structure, and it became imperative that new markets for manufactured products be found, especially because it was feared that gold production would plateau and decline in view of the constant official price. Although Africa seemed the ideal target for a South African sub-imperial role, numerous political constraints presented themselves, only to be compounded later, after the abortive attempts at "dialogue" and ltdetente'l.Manufactured goods were also unlikely to be competitive with those produced in western Europe and North America, South Africa's traditional markets for primary products.
    [Show full text]
  • BEYOND the WALL Twenty Years of Europeanisation As Seen from the Former Yugoslavia
    BEYOND THE WALL Twenty years of Europeanisation as seen from the former Yugoslavia Conference organized by Notre Europe and Kulturni Front Belgrade, 13-16 December 2009 Programme Strasbourg, 2009 © Martin Kollár OPENING CULTURAL EVENING Venue: European Centre for Culture and Debate GRAD, Braće Krsmanović 4 Sunday, 13 December 6.30pm: Opening of the photo exhibition “The European Parliament – Future archive” by Martin Kollár, Slovak photographer 8.30pm: Film: Snijeg (Snow) followed by discussion with lead actress Zana Marjanović Moderator: Milan Rakita Strasbourg, 2007 © Martin Kollár CONFERENCE Venue: Palace Serbia, Mihajlo Pupin Boulevard Monday, 14 December 9.30am: Welcome of guests: Joachim Bitterlich (Vice-President, Notre Europe) Aziliz Gouez (Researcher, Notre Europe); Dejan Ubović (Director, Kulturni Front) 10.00am: Introduction Božidar Đelić (Serbian Deputy Prime Minister for European Integration) 10.30am: Keynote speeches Ivan Vujačić (former Serbian Ambassador to the United States of America) Jacques Rupnik (Professor, Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Internationales, Paris) 11.30am: State and states of the former Yugoslavia: a political overview Pierre Mirel (Director, DG Enlargement, European Commission) 12.00pm – 1.30pm: LUNCH BREAK SESSION 1: “MY SAFE EUROPEAN HOME” 1.30pm – 4pm: From Marxism to Marks & Spencer’s: promises of prosperity in a re-formed Europe Introduction and chair: Chris Hann (Director, Max Planck Institute, Halle/Saale) Tristes socialismes – et plus tristes encore post-socialismes ? [Lecture in English]
    [Show full text]
  • THE SOUTH AFRICAN SALE Wednesday 9 September 2015
    THE SOUTH AFRICAN SALE Wednesday 9 September 2015 THE SOUTH AFRICAN SALE Wednesday 9 September 2015 at 14:00 New Bond Street, London VIEWING BIDS ENQUIRIES PHYSICAL CONDITION OF Sunday 6 September +44 (0) 20 7447 7448 Giles Peppiatt MRICS LOTS IN THIS AUCTION 11.00 to 15.00 +44 (0) 20 7447 4401 fax +44 (0) 20 7468 8355 Monday 7 September To bid via the internet please PLEASE NOTE THAT THERE IS 9.00 to 16.30 visit bonhams.com Hannah O’Leary NO REFERENCE IN THIS Tuesday 8 September +44 (0) 20 7468 8213 CATALOGUE TO THE PHYSICAL 9.00 to 16.30 TELEPHONE BIDDING CONDITION OF ANY LOT. Wednesday 9 September Bidding on telephone will only Alice Thomson INTENDING BIDDERS MUST 9.00 to 12 noon be accepted on lots with a lower +44 (0) 20 7468 8365 SATISFY THEMSELVES AS TO estimate in excess of £1,000. THE CONDITION OF ANY LOT SALE NUMBER Eliza Sawyer AS SPECIFIED IN CLAUSE 14 22364 Please note that bids should be +44 (0) 20 7468 5881 OF THE NOTICE TO BIDDERS submitted no later than 16:00 on [email protected] CONTAINED AT THE END OF the day prior to the sale. New THIS CATALOGUE. CATALOGUE bidders must also provide proof Jonathan Horwich £25.00 of identity when submitting bids. Global Director, Picture Sales As a courtesy to intending Failure to do this may result in +44 (0) 20 7468 8280 bidders, Bonhams will provide a ILLUSTRATIONS your bid not being processed. [email protected] written Indication of the physical Front cover: Lot 12 condition of lots in this sale if a Back cover: Lot 60 Live online bidding is available South Africa request is received up to 24 Inside front cover: Lot 56 for this sale Penny Culverwell hours before the auction starts.
    [Show full text]
  • 54-Page Special Edition –
    37616_Pick n Pay_Jewish Achievers 2016_Tabloid Ad 3.indd 1 2016/08/16 5:16 PM CONTENTS MESSAGES 2 CHAIRMAN JEWISH ACHIEVER AWARDS AND JEWISH REPORT MESSAGE: Howard Sackstein 3 SPONSORS’ MESSAGES: Absa and KIA 4 SPONSORS’ MESSAGES: Chivas, Europcar, The Creative Counsel and Richmark AWARDS ARTICLES 8 LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARD IN HONOUR OF HELEN SUZMAN: 6 SOL KERZNER - THE SUN KING The Donald Gordon Foundation represented by Wendy and Hylton Appelbaum BERTIE LUBNER - A MENSCH WHO BELIEVED IN 10 DEEDS, NOT WORDS 8 CHIVAS HUMANITARIAN AWARD IN HONOUR OF CHIEF RABBI JEWISH ORGANISATIONS AT FOREFRONT OF CYRIL HARRIS: George Bizos 18 OUTREACH IN SOUTH AFRICA WHIRLWIND WENDY APPELBAUM, MASTER OF 12 KIA COMMUNITY SERVICE AWARD: Marlene Bethlehem 28 MANY TRADES BUSINESSES BUILDING SOUTH AFRICA’S THE RICHMARK ART, SPORT, SCIENCE & CULTURE AWARD: 12 36 PEOPLE Shaun Tomson 42 CAPE GATE HELPS IGNITE THE SOUL OF SOUTH 14 THE CREATIVE COUNSEL YOUNG JEWISH ENTREPRENEURS AWARD: AFRICA IN SONG Dan Stillerman, Darren Lang, Dayne Adrian Levinrad, Greg Blend, IN THE ARTS, SOUTH AFRICAN JEWS BOX WAY Grant Friedman, Ryan Canin, Hadley Shapiro and Daryl Bartkunsky . 44 ABOVE THEIR WEIGHT THE ROLE OF JEWISH BUSINESS IN SOUTH EUROPCAR JEWISH WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP AWARD: Dionne 50 20 AFRICA Ellerine Hirschowitz, Judge Sharise Weiner, Debbie Rakusin, Annabel Linder, Helen Fraser, Shalya Hirschson, Rochel Goldman, 52 SIYAKHA EDUCATION TRUST: SUPPORTING Liza Essers, Kim Faclier, Nicci Raz and Monique Rissen-Harrisberg. TOMORROW’S LEADERS, TODAY 30 ABSA ENTREPRENEUR AWARD: Barry Taitz, Lynn Michelle Joffe, Daryl Bartkunsky, Lori Milner, Anthony Wald, Larry Griesheimer, PUBLISHER: SA JEWISH REPORT • Tel : (011) 430 1980 Kim Faclier and Tanya Joselowsky.
    [Show full text]
  • 50 YEARS of EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT HISTORY and Subjugated
    European Parliament – 50th birthday QA-70-07-089-EN-C series 1958–2008 Th ere is hardly a political system in the modern world that does not have a parliamentary assembly in its institutional ‘toolkit’. Even autocratic or totalitarian BUILDING PARLIAMENT: systems have found a way of creating the illusion of popular expression, albeit tamed 50 YEARS OF EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT HISTORY and subjugated. Th e parliamentary institution is not in itself a suffi cient condition for granting a democratic licence. Yet the existence of a parliament is a necessary condition of what 1958–2008 we have defi ned since the English, American and French Revolutions as ‘democracy’. Since the start of European integration, the history of the European Parliament has fallen between these two extremes. Europe was not initially created with democracy in mind. Yet Europe today is realistic only if it espouses the canons of democracy. In other words, political realism in our era means building a new utopia, that of a supranational or post-national democracy, while for two centuries the DNA of democracy has been its realisation within the nation-state. Yves Mény President of the European University Institute, Florence BUILDING PARLIAMENT: BUILDING 50 YEARS OF EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT HISTORY PARLIAMENT EUROPEAN OF YEARS 50 ISBN 978-92-823-2368-7 European Parliament – 50th birthday series Price in Luxembourg (excluding VAT): EUR 25 BUILDING PARLIAMENT: 50 YEARS OF EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT HISTORY 1958–2008 This work was produced by the European University Institute, Florence, under the direction of Yves Mény, for the European Parliament. Contributors: Introduction, Jean-Marie Palayret; Part One, Luciano Bardi, Nabli Beligh, Cristina Sio Lopez and Olivier Costa (coordinator); Part Two, Pierre Roca, Ann Rasmussen and Paolo Ponzano (coordinator); Part Three, Florence Benoît-Rohmer; Conclusions, Yves Mény.
    [Show full text]
  • 12074 CER Annual Report 2015 LOW RES PDF.Indd
    Annual Report 2015 CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN REFORM 12074 CER annual report cover for Web Solid blue and White 2015 GB.indd 2 08/02/2016 15:19 THE CER IN DECEMBER 2015 About the CER FROM LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP TO BOTTOM: Daniel Crewes, The Centre for European Reform is a think-tank devoted to making the European Union work Ian Bond, better and strengthening its role in the world. The CER is pro-European but not uncritical. Christian Odendahl, We regard European integration as largely benefi cial but recognise that in many respects Rem Korteweg, the Union does not work well. We also think that the EU should take on more responsibilities Simon Tilford, globally, on issues ranging from climate change to security. The CER aims to promote an open, Agata Gostyńska- outward-looking and eff ective European Union. Jakubowska, Sophia Besch, Through our meetings, seminars and conferences, we bring together people from the worlds Anna Yorke, of politics and business, as well as other opinion-formers. Most of our events are by invitation Kate Mullineux, only and off -the-record, to ensure a high level of debate. Jordan Orsler, Camino Mortera- The conclusions of our research and seminars are refl ected in our publications, as well as Martinez , in the private papers and briefi ngs that senior offi cials, ministers and commissioners ask us John Springford, to provide. Charles Grant, Sophie Horsford. The CER is an independent, private, not-for-profi t organisation. We are not affi liated to any government, political party or European institution. Our work is funded mainly by donations from the private sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Polish Your Skills INSIDE RETAIL 2O18 / 2 WELCOME
    Polish your skills INSIDE RETAIL 2O18 / 2 WELCOME A very warm welcome to Woolworths and to the INSIDE RETAIL WHO is THis PROGraMME intended FOR? HOW will THE COUrse BE deliVered? Lecturer Development Programme. We are delighted you could join This programme is intended for lecturers in retail related content The 5 day programme is a blend of classroom based presentations us and look forward to spending this worthwhile time with you. courses. and off site learning. Time will be spent on the Woolworths campus as well as off site, visiting our stores, suppliers and distribution As an educator, you have challenging deliverables but with these WHat is THE PURPOse OF THis PROGraMME? centre. The sessions are designed to be informal and interactive. responsibilities come great opportunities. You are tasked to provide The purpose of this programme is to expose delegates to industry your students with the knowledge and skills to enter the world of linked experience. HOW will THE PartiCIPants BE assessed? work but also to empower them to be able to apply themselves in There is no formal assessment, however, delegates will be required WHat Can PartiCIPants EXPECT TO learn order to succeed. As a country and industry we need these skilled to provide feedback highlighting what they have learned, and BY attendinG THis PROGraMME? individuals in order to ensure South Africa’s continued growth and more importantly, how they have incorporated these learnings back development. Knowledge at the college. This will take the form of a group presentation, per college, that will be presented back to the bigger group at a future As a responsible retailer, Woolworths is proud to offer you the • Participants will demonstrate an understanding of how retail date to be agreed to by the college liaisons.
    [Show full text]
  • Inhoudsopgawe
    Inhoudsopgawe Voorwoord 2 ons spore lê Ver oor die land 5 ons Vier ons Vryheid in ons land 7 ons Vorm die toekoms Van ons land 15 Voortrekkerspore oor 85 jaar ons Vure sal steeds helder brand 64 die fakkel word aangesteek op kerkenberg en retiefpas 64 kaapland kimberley 72 George 74 paarl 77 port elizabeth 81 namibië Fees in swakopmund 83 Feeskamp myl 4 84 Vrystaat en natal Vegkop 86 bloemfontein 88 bloedrivier 92 transVaal limpopo fietstrap 93 monumentkoppie 95 Feesdiens, Voortrekkermonument 99 ons almal bou ’n heGte band 102 dankie is ’n woordjie wat ons opreG bedoel 113 ons wil ons harte Vir jou wys 114 ons is diensbaar hier en in elke huis 116 Voorwoord Vanjaar het Die Voortrekkers 85 jaar se spore gevier. Tagtig jaar gelede, in 1936, het die eerste Hou Koers die lig gesien. Aanvanklik was die Hou Koers bedoel as ’n kwartaalblad vir die Voortrekkeroffisiere van Kaapland, maar sedert 1939 is dit nasionaal versprei as ’n kwartaallikse opleidingsblad vir Voortrekkeroffisiere. dit was te danke aan die persone soos japie heese, oom Vossie, Nig Sterretjie en Thys Greeff wat die Hou Koers-blad ontwikkel het tot ’n trotse tradisie. Die Hou Koers-jaarblad bou jaarliks steeds voort op die trotse tradisie. die jaarblad, met die feestema: Trap nuwe spore, gee nie net ’n oorsig oor die Voortrekkerspore van die afgelope feesjaar nie, maar kyk verder terug tot waar die droom van ’n eie Afrikaanse jeugbeweging in 1913 die eerste keer begin het. daar is heeltemal te min spasie om erkenning te gee aan die letterlik duisende Voortrekkers wat oor dekades diep spore getrap het.
    [Show full text]