The Mystical Struggle: a Psychological Analysis

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Mystical Struggle: a Psychological Analysis The mystical struggle: A psychological analysis The Theory of Positive Disintegration by Kazimierz Dabrowski. The mystical struggle: A psychological analysis Nixon, Laurence. The mystical struggle: A psychological analysis. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, 1990. Laurence Nixon Religion Department Dawson College E-Mail 1 E-Mail 2 Abstract This thesis is a psychological analysis of the internal conflicts experienced by many religious mystics at the beginning of their mystical life. I refer to the conflicts, and the response of the mystic to these conflicts, as an experience of mystical struggle. The study begins with an examination of descriptions of mystical struggle found in scholarly accounts, manuals of mystical instruction and in the personal documents of mystics themselves. Subsequently I critique the psychological interpretations of mystical struggle found in William James and Evelyn Underhill. In order to provide what I believe is a more adequate interpretation, I compare the mystical struggle to the relevant stages in the personality development theory of Kazimierz Dabrowski. I also present a model of five factors that appear to be predispositional of a mystical struggle. These factors are: (1) a temperament characterized by emotional sensitivity and a heightened capacity for imaginative involvement; (2) stress or loss; (3) emotional support or encouragement; (4) religious training and modeling; and (5) access to a mystical institution (e.g., convent or ashram). TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I: Introduction TOP Back to Main Page Brief Overview Glossary Order DVD Bibliography http://www.positivedisintegration.com/NixonThesis.htm[27/01/2009 1:56:57 PM] The mystical struggle: A psychological analysis Purpose Method Definitions of a mystic The definition of a mystic employed in this study Previous studies of mystical experience The mystical path The mystical struggle The mystical life without the mystical struggle Chapter II: The phenomenology of the mystical struggle Scholarly descriptions of an experience of mystical struggle Descriptions in personal documents Manuals and inspirational literature Descriptive definition of the experience of a mystical struggle Conclusion Chapter III: William James on the divided self The healthy-minded and the sick-souled The divided self Temperamental basis of the divided self A teleological explanation of the divided self The function of asceticism http://www.positivedisintegration.com/NixonThesis.htm[27/01/2009 1:56:57 PM] The mystical struggle: A psychological analysis Limitations of James' analysis Chapter IV: Evelyn Underhill on the purification of the self The mystic way The purification of the self Underhill's psychological explanation of the mystical struggle Underhill's theory: A final word Chapter V: Kazimierz Dabrowski's theory of personality disintegration Dabrowski's model of personality development Temperamental traits that promote development The role of positive environmental conditions Developmental dynamisms Asceticism and meditation Evaluation of Dabrowski's theory Limitations to Dabrowski's explanation of causes of development Chapter VI: Application of the theory of positive disintegration to mystical struggle The goal of mysticism and secondary integration A Dabrowskian view of the mystical struggle Advantages of positive disintegration theory for the study of mysticism http://www.positivedisintegration.com/NixonThesis.htm[27/01/2009 1:56:57 PM] The mystical struggle: A psychological analysis Analysis of Teresa of Avila in terms of positive disintegration theory Analysis of Satomi Myodo in terms of Dabrowski's stage model Limitation of James, Underhill and Dabrowski Chapter VII: Factors predispositional of a mystical struggle Studies of mystics, creatives and the mentally ill James, Underhill and Dabrowski Models of factors predispositional of the mystical life Spangler's study of mystics and schizophrenics Chapter VIII: Temperamental and early environmental factors Major factors in the lives of mystics, creatives and the mentally ill The temperamental factor Insecurity due to loss Emotional support and encouragement Family training and modelling Chapter IX: Institutional support Institutional support The practice of meditation Summary of predispositional factors http://www.positivedisintegration.com/NixonThesis.htm[27/01/2009 1:56:57 PM] The mystical struggle: A psychological analysis Chapter X: The mystical quest as a transformation of disordered grieving Bereavement in the lives of mystics Thérèse of Lisieux Paramahansa Yogananda Teresa of Avila Satomi Myoto Meditation as a means of transforming disordered mourning Summary Chapter XII: Conclusion Notes Bibliography CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Purpose The purpose of this study is to make a contribution to the psychological study of mysticism. More specifically it is to make a contribution: (1) to the psychological study of an early stage in the mystical career of some mystics, which I refer to as the mystical struggle; and (2) to the effort to determine the factors that predispose some individuals to enter into that struggle. This is not a theological investigation, nor even a phenomenological one. Nor do I present here a general theory of mysticism. My purpose is a more modest one - to provide no more than a psychological interpretation of the mystical struggle and to identify some of the factors that appear to be predispositional of that struggle. http://www.positivedisintegration.com/NixonThesis.htm[27/01/2009 1:56:57 PM] The mystical struggle: A psychological analysis I make no claim to a complete explanation of the phenomenon under investigation, much less is it my intention to reduce mysticism as a whole, or even the mystical struggle in particular, to psychological theory. Clearly there are alternative approaches. Historical and sociological forces play an important role as predisposing factors, and hence mysticism is more in evidence at some times (and in some places) than at others. Regarding the truth claims of statements made by the mystics themselves, my position is one of methodological agnosticism. It is not my intent to engage, either overtly or covertly, in either an apology for or a critique of the ultimate worth of the mystical life. I do feel that the lives of many mystics indicate a process of personality development of a kind not usually undertaken by the average person. But any evaluation beyond that is outside of the scope of the present study. For the purposes of this study I do not distinguish between theistic and non-theistic mysticism, nor do I distinguish between celibate and non-celibate mystics, although I recognize that these differences may well affect the nature of mystical development in one way or another. In addition I do not attempt to generalize about the character of the mystical process for all mystics. Rather I focus only on those who describe the early stages of their mystical life as a kind of struggle in which they sought to reduce their internal conflict through ascetical and meditative practices. For many mystics, commitment to the mystical life takes place within the context of what William James calls the "divided self" and Evelyn Underhill the "oscillation of the self." I refer to both the psychological context and the commitment as the mystical struggle, and the first task I undertake, in Chapter Two, is to articulate the dimensions of this phenomenon as described by scholars of mysticism and as found in the personal documents and mystical manuals of a number of mystics from various religious traditions and at various periods in world history. At the end of the chapter I formulate a descriptive definition of the mystical struggle. My second task (in Chapters Three, Four, Five and Six) is to interpret the mystical struggle in psychological terms. The most widely recognized efforts in this direction are to be found in William James' Varieties of religious experience (considered in Chapter Three) and Evelyn Underhill's Mysticism (discussed in Chapter Four). The terms that James and Underhill use for the psychological state which is prerequisite for the mystical life, are, as noted above, the "divided self" and the "oscillation of the self." The overall psychological model implicit in both of their analyses is one of personality development, but their formulations require further elaboration, and therefore in Chapters Five and Six I supplement their descriptions and explanations with a theory of personality development, specifically Kazimierz Dabrowski's theory of positive disintegration. My concern is to show that the divided self of James and the oscillating self of Underhill are similar to Dabrowski's description of a type of personality disintegration prerequisite for reintegration of personality at a more mature level of functioning. Given Dabrowski's more elaborate account of the process of disintegration in personality development, the use of his theory can make a contribution to a more detailed understanding of the psychological basis of the mystical life. In spite of its value as a descriptive model, Dabrowski's explanation suffers from a defect found in the studies of both James and Underhill. All three tend to explain the psychological condition, on which http://www.positivedisintegration.com/NixonThesis.htm[27/01/2009 1:56:57 PM] The mystical struggle: A psychological analysis the mystical struggle is based, solely in terms of temperament, which for Underhill and Dabrowski at least is genetically-determined. The role
Recommended publications
  • Introduction to Evelyn Underhill, “Church Congress Syllabus No. 3: the Christian Doctrine of Sin and Salvation, Part III: Worship”
    ATR/100.3 Introduction to Evelyn Underhill, “Church Congress Syllabus No. 3: The Christian Doctrine of Sin and Salvation, Part III: Worship” Kathleen Henderson Staudt* This short piece by Evelyn Underhill (1875–1941) appeared in a publication from the US Church Congress movement in the 1930s. It presents a remarkably concise summary of her major thought from this period.1 By this time, she was a well-known voice among Angli- cans. Indeed, Archbishop Michael Ramsey wrote that “in the twenties and thirties there were few, if indeed, any, in the Church of England who did more to help people to grasp the priority of prayer in the Christian life and the place of the contemplative element within it.”2 Underhill’s major work, Mysticism, continuously in print since its first publication in 1911, reflects at once Underhill’s broad scholarship on the mystics of the church, her engagement with such contemporaries as William James and Henri Bergson, and, perhaps most important, her curiosity and insight into the ways that the mystics’ experiences might inform the spiritual lives of ordinary people.3 The title of a later book, Practical Mysticism: A Little Book for Normal People (1914) summarizes what became most distinctive in Underhill’s voice: her ability to fuse the mystical tradition with the homely and the * Kathleen Henderson Staudt works as a teacher, poet, and spiritual director at Virginia Theological Seminary and Wesley Theological Seminary. Her poetry, essays, and reviews have appeared in Weavings, Christianity and Literature, Sewanee Theo- logical Review, Ruminate, and Spiritus. She is an officer of the Evelyn Underhill As- sociation, and facilitates the annual day of quiet held in honor of Underhill in Wash- ington, DC each June.
    [Show full text]
  • Theology Is Everywhere 2.3: the Path of Mysticism Cosmology
    Theology is Everywhere 2.3: The Path of Mysticism Cosmology & Worldview The Paradox of the Mystical Life Mysticism defined Figurative Language Poetry & Mysticism Other Paradoxes: the Particular and the Universal Christian Mysticism - Imitation of Christ Mystical Interpretation: allegory. St. Teresa of Avila (1515–1582): Nada te turbe…sola Dios basta! Via Negativa (Apophatic Theology) & Via Positiva (Cataphatic Theology) Mystical Union: Ecstacy (Standing outside oneself) The Mystic Path: The Science of Removing Mental Limitations 1. The Awakening: 2. Purgation 3. Illumination 4. The Dark Night of the Soul: Embracing times of shadow 5. Union With the Divine: Ultimate Reality Be lover and Beloved Hesychasm: Divine Silence Embraced by Uncreated Light Walking the Labyrinth So what’s a mystic? Mysticism & Intimacy with God: Jesus and his Friend “I am my beloved’s and he is mine.” ~ Song of Solomon 2:16 Evelyn Underhill quote: “Mysticism offers us the history, as old as civilization, of a race of adventurers who have carried to its term the process of a deliberate and active return to the divine fount of things. They have surrendered themselves to the life-movement of the universe, hence have lived an intenser life than other beings can even know…. Therefore they witness to all that our latent spiritual consciousness, which shows itself in the ‘hunger for the absolute,’ can be made to mean to us if we develop it, and have in this respect an unique importance for the race.”~ Mysticism Ethics and Mysticism: Howard Thurman "Don't ask yourself what the world needs. Ask yourself what makes you come alive and then go do that.
    [Show full text]
  • 9 Spiritual Development: Meaning and Purpose9
    Huitt, W., & Robbins, J. (2018). Spiritual development: Meaning and purpose. In W. Huitt (Ed.), Becoming a Brilliant Star: Twelve core ideas supporting holistic education (pp. 159-178). La Vergne, TN: IngramSpark. Retrieved from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/papers/2018-09-huitt-robbins- brilliant-star-spiritual.pdf SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT 9 Spiritual Development: Meaning and Purpose9 William G. Huitt and Jennifer L. Robbins Spirituality is a difficult concept to define. While it has been explored throughout human history as one of the three fundamental aspects of human beings (ie, body, mind, spirit) (Huitt, 2010b), there is widespread disagreement as to its origin, functioning, or even importance (Huitt, 2000). However, in a broad perspective, spirituality deals fundamentally with how human beings approach the unknowns of life, how we define and relate to the sacred. Spirituality is considered by many psychologists to be an inherent property of the human being (Helminiak, 1996; Newberg, D’Aquili, & Rause, 2001). From this viewpoint, human spirituality is an attempt to understand and connect to the unknowns of the universe or search for meaningfulness in one’s life (Adler, 1980; Frankl, 1998). Likewise, Weaver and Cotrell (1992) proposed that spirituality “refers to matters of ultimate concern that call for releasing the passions of the soul to search for goals with personal meaning” (p. 1). Other definitions include a relationship with the sacred (Beck & Walters, 1977), “an individual's experience of and relationship with a fundamental, nonmaterial aspect of the universe” (Tolan, 2002). Others view soul or spirit as a description of the “vital principle or animating force believed to be within living beings” (Zinn, 1997, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Philosophical Foundations of Health Education
    PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF HEALTH EDUCATION BL ACK FURNEY Philosophical Foundations of Health Education covers the philosophical and ethical foundations of the practice of health education in school, community, work site, and GRAF hospital settings, as well as in health promotion consultant activities. The book presents NOLTE personal philosophies of health educators, essential philosophical perspectives, and a range of philosophical issues that are relevant to health education practice. Philosophical PHILOSOPHICAL Foundations of Health Education is organized around the fi ve major philosophical traditions: cognitive-based, decision-making, behavior change, freeing/functioning, and social change. Co-published with the American Association for Health Education, this important work is an essential resource for student and professional. Each section contains a challenge to the reader that suggests critical thinking questions to reinforce the key points of the chapter, EDUCATION HEALTH FOUNDATIONS invite comparison with other perspectives, refl ect on the implications of the perspective, note themes that run through the chapters, and consider practical applications of the OF FOUNDATIONS PHILOSOPHICAL various philosophical approaches. The Editors OF Jill M. Black, PhD, CHES, is an associate professor in the Department of Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance at Cleveland State University and coordinator of the Community Health Education Program. She is a fellow of the American Association for Health Education. Steven R. Furney, EdD, MPH, is a professor of Health Education and director of the Division of Health Education at Texas State University. He is a fellow of the American Association for HEALTH Health Education. Helen M. Graf, PhD, is an associate professor and undergraduate program director in the Department of Health and Kinesiology at Georgia Southern University.
    [Show full text]
  • A Response to Grypma & Commentary on Mysticism
    69059 JCNSummer06 05/03/2006 12:26 PM Page 27 A Response to Grypma & Commentary on Mysticism BY BARBARA MONTGOMERY DOSSEY “MYSTICISM ...IS NOT AN OPINION: IT IS NOT A PHILOSOPHY. It has nothing in common with the pursuit of occult knowledge.On the one hand,it is not merely the power of contemplating Eter- nity: on the other, it is not to be identified with any kind of religious queerness. It is the name of that organic process which involves the perfect consummation of the Love of God: the achieve- ment here and now of the immortal heritage of man.Or,if you like it better—for this means exactly the same thing—it is the art of establishing his conscious relation with the Absolute.”1 E VELYN U NDERHILL,MYSTICISM, 1911 extend my thanks to Dr. founder3 of modern secular nursing. nitions and criteria according to which Grypma2 and the Journal of However, there are many issues on Nightingale qualifies as a full-fledged, Christian Nursing for atten- which Dr. Grypma and I disagree in nineteenth-century “practical mystic.” tion to Florence Nightin- our analysis of Nightingale.We seem to What does Dr. Grypma consider a gale (1820-1910), the be far apart on the essential meanings mystic to be? I am left wondering.This philosophical and practical of terms such as “mystic,”“mysticism” does not prevent her, however, from and “spirituality”—yet it is difficult to suggesting that the classification of ■ Barbara Montgomery know for certain because Dr. Grypma Nightingale as a mystic is a “New Age” Dossey, PhD, FAAN, RN, is nowhere defines explicitly what she and “postmodern” move.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion in the Age of Development
    religions Article Religion in the Age of Development R. Michael Feener 1,* and Philip Fountain 2 1 Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, Marston Road, Oxford OX3 0EE, UK 2 Religious Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 9 October 2018; Accepted: 20 November 2018; Published: 23 November 2018 Abstract: Religion has been profoundly reconfigured in the age of development. Over the past half century, we can trace broad transformations in the understandings and experiences of religion across traditions in communities in many parts of the world. In this paper, we delineate some of the specific ways in which ‘religion’ and ‘development’ interact and mutually inform each other with reference to case studies from Buddhist Thailand and Muslim Indonesia. These non-Christian cases from traditions outside contexts of major western nations provide windows on a complex, global history that considerably complicates what have come to be established narratives privileging the agency of major institutional players in the United States and the United Kingdom. In this way we seek to move discussions toward more conceptual and comparative reflections that can facilitate better understandings of the implications of contemporary entanglements of religion and development. Keywords: Religion; Development; Humanitarianism; Buddhism; Islam; Southeast Asia A Sarvodaya Shramadana work camp has proved to be the most effective means of destroying the inertia of any moribund village community and of evoking appreciation of its own inherent strength and directing it towards the objective of improving its own conditions. A.T.
    [Show full text]
  • Evelyn Underhill's Concept of Mysticism and Its Relation To
    This material has been provided by Asbury Theological Seminary in good faith of following ethical procedures in its production and end use. The Copyright law of the united States (title 17, United States code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyright material. Under certain condition specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to finish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specific conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.” If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of “fair use,” that user may be liable for copyright infringement. This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law. By using this material, you are consenting to abide by this copyright policy. Any duplication, reproduction, or modification of this material without express written consent from Asbury Theological Seminary and/or the original publisher is prohibited. Contact B.L. Fisher Library Asbury Theological Seminary 204 N. Lexington Ave. Wilmore, KY 40390 B.L. Fisher Library’s Digital Content place.asburyseminary.edu Asbury Theological Seminary 205 North Lexington Avenue 800.2ASBURY Wilmore, Kentucky 40390 asburyseminary.edu Evelyn Underbill's Concept of Mysticism and Its Relation to Common Misrepresentations by Kendra Irons A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS ASBURY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 1993 Approved by CJh^y^^MjJ^-^^^ .
    [Show full text]
  • Does Spiritual Awakening Exist? Critical Considerations in the Study
    International Journal of Transpersonal Studies Volume 37 | Issue 2 Article 2 9-1-2018 Does Spiritual Awakening Exist? Critical Considerations in the Study of Transformative Postconventional Development Glenn Hartelius California Institute of Integral Studies, San Francisco, California, USA Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.ciis.edu/ijts-transpersonalstudies Part of the Philosophy Commons, Religion Commons, and the Transpersonal Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Hartelius, G. (2018). Does spiritual awakening exist? Critical considerations in the study of transformative postconventional development. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 37 (2). http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24972/ijts.2018.37.2.iii This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This Preliminary is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals and Newsletters at Digital Commons @ CIIS. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Journal of Transpersonal Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ CIIS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Does Spiritual Awakening Exist? Critical Considerations in the Study of Transformative Postconventional Development Editors' Introduction he yellow letters arched over the road were This moment was a turning point, a shift in alien, marking entry into the borderlands of my experience that redirected my life. The awareness Treality. I eased the car forward, on my way to that usually resided in my head, unnoticed because the ashram’s enlightenment intensive, with scant idea it was constantly engaged with a stream of ideas and of what lay ahead. If there was risk, I cared little. The concerns, now coursed quietly through my whole circle in which I grew up—a closely held religious body.
    [Show full text]
  • Fourteen Stages of Spiritual Development in Jaina Philosophy
    Yadanabon University Research Journal, Vol, 7. Fourteen Stages of Spiritual Development in Jaina Philosophy Nu Nu Lwin1 Abstract It is an attempt to answer the question: At which stage can one be called an ariya in Jainism? According to the literary survey, the twelfth stage at which one can be categorized as ariya in Jainism. To clarify these facts it will use the Descriptive Method and Evaluative Method. This paper can contribute to ones to have knowledge with regard to Jaina views on the attributes or qualities of one's mind who is practicing the path to liberation from Samsara. Key Words: (1) Gunathanas (2) Visuddhi (3) Ariyas Introduction Jaina philosophy formulated the message of deliverance from suffering. In Jainism, to attain the liberation is to practice by way of asceticism in which the principles of non-violence and austerity or penance play an important role. In the Heart of Jainism, it is stated that 'It is owing to Ajñᾱna (ignorance) and when the soul by means of austerities and good actions has god rid of Ajñᾱna, it attains omniscience and remembers all the births it has undergone and all that happened in them.' It clearly indicates the Jaina belief that only through ascetic practice one could attain purity of mind and arrive at the path for liberation. For Jainism, the path has fourteen stages for spiritual development to attain liberation (Moksha). According to the Jain literatures, there are fourteen stages for spiritual development to be passed to reach into the realm of liberation. They are as follows: 1. Mitthyatva Gunasthᾱna 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Hinduism and Hindu Philosophy
    Essays on Indian Philosophy UNIVE'aSITY OF HAWAII Uf,FU:{ Essays on Indian Philosophy SHRI KRISHNA SAKSENA UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII PRESS HONOLULU 1970 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 78·114209 Standard Book Number 87022-726-2 Copyright © 1970 by University of Hawaii Press All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America Contents The Story of Indian Philosophy 3 Basic Tenets of Indian Philosophy 18 Testimony in Indian Philosophy 24 Hinduism 37 Hinduism and Hindu Philosophy 51 The Jain Religion 54 Some Riddles in the Behavior of Gods and Sages in the Epics and the Puranas 64 Autobiography of a Yogi 71 Jainism 73 Svapramanatva and Svapraka!;>atva: An Inconsistency in Kumarila's Philosophy 77 The Nature of Buddhi according to Sankhya-Yoga 82 The Individual in Social Thought and Practice in India 88 Professor Zaehner and the Comparison of Religions 102 A Comparison between the Eastern and Western Portraits of Man in Our Time 117 Acknowledgments The author wishes to make the following acknowledgments for permission to reprint previously published essays: "The Story of Indian Philosophy," in A History of Philosophical Systems. edited by Vergilius Ferm. New York:The Philosophical Library, 1950. "Basic Tenets of Indian Philosophy," previously published as "Are There Any Basic Tenets of Indian Philosophy?" in The Philosophical Quarterly. "Testimony in Indian Philosophy," previously published as "Authority in Indian Philosophy," in Ph ilosophyEast and West. vo!.l,no. 3 (October 1951). "Hinduism," in Studium Generale. no. 10 (1962). "The Jain Religion," previously published as "Jainism," in Religion in the Twentieth Century. edited by Vergilius Ferm.
    [Show full text]
  • Life Divine Chapter XXIV: Spiritual Evolution of Man 1. Allegory of the Aeonic Visitor to Earth A. the Purpose Is Not Apparent T
    Life Divine Chapter XXIV: Spiritual Evolution of Man 1. Allegory of the aeonic visitor to Earth A. The purpose is not apparent though might be perceived by a careful observer. 2. Man & Evolution A. Double Movement of Evolution . Evolution of Forms . Evolution of Consciousness . At each stage the form and consciousness have developed in harmony B. Science concludes life, mind and spirit are only forms of material activity . Like assuming electricity is a product of water and clouds because lightning occurs then . Energy of electricity is the foundation of energy substance . What seems to be a result is the cause C. Psychological progress of humanity is a fact – evolution in consciousness within the type D. Social evolution through three stages E. Appearance of human mind and body on earth marks a crucial step to conscious evolution F. Tradition assumes Mind is the last step . Tradition misses the teleology of creation 3. What is spiritual evolution? -- stages A. Action of spirit in our life B. Conscious experience of the touch of spirit on our being C. Discovery and realization of Spirit D. Ascent to Supermind and Supramental transformation of our Nature 4. Four needs and four aids to spiritual evolution A. Occultism . He must know himself and discover his potentialities 1 . Man must know his inner mental, vital, physical being and its powers and movements and the universal laws and processes of occult Mind and Life B. Religion – ethics . He must know the hidden Powers that control the world – the Cosmic Self or Spirit or Creator C. Philosophy – metaphysics . His thinking mind must know and accept the principles of things and observe the truth of the universe D.
    [Show full text]
  • From Mysticism to the Gospel
    FROM MYSTICISM TO THE GOSPEL The Story of the Reformation within the Eastern Orthodox Church and Why Contemplative prayer is a sign of apostasy among evangelicals PAUL DAN California 2009 From Mysticism to the Gospel And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may prove what is that good and acceptable and perfect will of God. Romans 12:2 Copyright © 2009 by Paul Dan All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means - electronic, mechanical, photographic (photocopying), recording, or otherwise —without prior permission in writing from the author, unless it is for the furtherance of the Gospel of salvation and given away free of charge. Brief quotations for reviews are however allowed, provided that they respect the context and author’s intention. 2 From Mysticism to the Gospel CONTENTS Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................................................... 5 Important Note ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 PART ONE ..................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]