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Traffic Perception and Hazard Avoidance – Foundations and Possibilities for Implementation in Novice Driver Preparation

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Traffic Perception and Hazard Avoidance – Foundations and Possibilities for Implementation in Novice Driver Preparation Traffi c perception and hazard avoidance – Foundations and possibilities for implementation in novice driver preparation Berichte der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen Mensch und Sicherheit Heft M 273b Traffic perception and hazard avoidance – Foundations and possibilities for implementation in novice driver preparation by Bianca Bredow Roland Brünken Annika Dressler Tino Friedel Jan Genschow, Kristin Kaufmann Sarah Malone Susann Mörl Mathias Rüdel Thomas Schubert, Dietmar Sturzbecher Conrad Teichert Winfried Wagner Bernd Weiße Berichte der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen Mensch und Sicherheit Heft M 273b Die Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen veröffentlicht ihre Arbeits- und Forschungsergebnisse in der Schriftenreihe Berichte der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen. Die Reihe besteht aus folgenden Unterreihen: A - Allgemeines B - Brücken- und Ingenieurbau F - Fahrzeugtechnik M - Mensch und Sicherheit S - Straßenbau V - Verkehrstechnik Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die unter dem Namen der Verfasser veröffentlichten Berichte nicht in jedem Fall die Ansicht des Herausgebers wiedergeben. Nachdruck und photomechanische Wiedergabe, auch auszugsweise, nur mit Genehmigung der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Stabsstelle Presse und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit. Die Hefte der Schriftenreihe Berichte der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen können direkt bei der Carl Schünemann Verlag GmbH, Zweite Schlachtpforte 7, D-28195 Bremen, Telefon: (04 21) 3 69 03 - 53, bezogen werden. Über die Forschungsergebnisse und ihre Veröffentlichungen wird in der Regel in Kurzform im Informationsdienst Forschung kompakt berichtet. Dieser Dienst wird kostenlos angeboten; Interessenten wenden sich bitte an die Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Stabsstelle Presse und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit. Ab dem Jahrgang 2003 stehen die Berichte der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt) zum Teil als kostenfreier Download im elektronischen BASt-Archiv ELBA zur Verfügung. http://bast.opus.hbz-nrw.de Impressum Verkehrswahrnehmung und Gefahrenvermeidung – Grundlagen und Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten in der Fahranfängervorbereitung.Innovationsbericht zum Fahrerlaubnisprüfungssystem 2011 – 2014. Hrsg.: TÜV | DEKRA arge tp 21 Autoren Bianca Bredow, Roland Brünken, Annika Dressler, Tino Friedel, Jan Genschow, Kristin Kaufmann, Sarah Malone, Susann Mörl, Mathias Rüdel, Thomas Schubert, Dietmar Sturzbecher, Conrad Teichert, Winfried Wagner, Bernd Weiße Herausgeber Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen Brüderstraße 53, D-51427 Bergisch Gladbach Telefon: (0 22 04) 43 - 0 Telefax: (0 22 04) 43 - 674 Redaktion Stabsstelle Presse und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit Druck und Verlag Fachverlag NW in der Carl Schünemann Verlag GmbH Zweite Schlachtpforte 7, D-28195 Bremen Telefon: (04 21) 3 69 03 - 53 Telefax: (04 21) 3 69 03 - 48 www.schuenemann-verlag.de ISSN 0943-9315 ISBN 978-3-95606-333-6 Bergisch Gladbach, Juli 2017 I Abstract – Kurzfassung Traffic perception and hazard avoidance – enable the elaboration of empirically founded Foundations and possibilities for recommendations on optimisation of the test implementation in novice driver preparation assessment). In 2014, i. e. at the end of the current report period, furthermore, test items based on The present innovation report describes key topics dynamic situation presentations were used for the addressed in the relevant research and development first time. The report provides an overview of the activities of the TÜV | DEKRA arge tp 21 working preparatory research and development work. Last group during the report period from 2011 to 2014. but not least, initial results from the empirical testing Such essential aspects were (1) presentation of of innovative task formats implementing new the scientific foundations for development and forms of response input (keyboard, foot pedal) and assessment of novice driver competence relating to performance assessment (reaction time) are traffic perception and hazard avoidance, (2) discussed. The research and development work evaluation and further development of the theoretical outlined in the report illustrates how benefits of the driving test, (3) research and development work new test medium “computer” have been utilised aimed at optimisation of the practical driving test, successfully for a number of years. It is equally and (4) description of the continuing advances in evident, however, that significant further potential is vehicle engineering and their significance for both embodied in computer-based testing – especially in driver training and testing. respect of task development and test design; the Re (1): Numerous empirical studies point to the objective for the future must be to exploit this competence deficits displayed by novice drivers potential. compared to more experienced drivers in respect of Re (3): The research work on development of the traffic perception and hazard avoidance. The practical driving test was essentially dominated by systematic development and acquisition of three projects: The BASt project “Optimisation of corresponding skills in advance of their solo the Practical Driving Test” served to elaborate participation in road traffic thus appears promising methodical foundations (it began in 2008 and was as a means to reduce novice-typical accident risks. brought to conclusion during the first year of the The development of training and test concepts report period). The second project was a feasibility addressing traffic perception and hazard avoidance, study to investigate the practicability of an electronic however, requires prior description of the underlying test report, which was conducted by the TÜV | psychological constructs. During the report period, DEKRA arge tp 21 working group (2011 to 2012). the relevant perceptual and traffic psychology The BASt project “Revision Project on an Optimised foundations were analysed alongside innovative, Practical Driving Test”, finally, was commenced in computer-based approaches which have already 2013 and is scheduled to continue beyond the been implemented in international driving licence current report period into 2015. Its purpose is to testing and experimental studies from the field of continue development of the corresponding hazard perception research. A further study was contents, methods and procedures (including conducted to survey teaching and learning offers for methods which will enable continuous evaluation). novice drivers. The results presented in the report Once ready for actual use, the results are to be provide a theoretical basis for the future anchoring tested in selected model regions. Subsequent of traffic perception and hazard avoidance in the nationwide implementation of the elaborated system of novice driver preparation. This work must standards would ensure that decisions on the now be continued with the elaboration of innovative eligibility to participate in motorised road traffic are learning offers and corresponding assessment based on a differentiated assessment of driving tasks for novice drivers. competence. At the same time, observed Re (2): The work on the theoretical driving test competence deficits could be recorded referred to the evaluation of individual test items systematically and communicated to the driving and their assignment to parallel tests, as well as licence applicant. This can be expected to strengthen further empirical studies to answer specifically the safety-enhancing impact of the practical driving arising questions (e. g. model calculations to test. II Re (4): Technical innovations in vehicle engineering Ergebnissen wurde der theoretische Grundstein für – whether driver assistance systems, new drive die künftige Verankerung der Verkehrswahrneh- concepts (e-mobility) or solutions for (partially) auto- mung und Gefahrenvermeidung in der Fahranfän- mated vehicle control – are entering the market at gervorbereitung gelegt. Hieran wird nun die Erar- ever shorter intervals. Such developments bring beitung innovativer Lernangebote und Prüfungsauf- changes in the demands placed on drivers and thus gaben für Fahranfänger anschließen. exert a decisive influence on the acquisition, assess- ment and upholding of driving competence. The Zu (2): Die Arbeiten zur Theoretischen Fahrerlaub- report outlines the tasks resulting for the Technical nisprüfung umfassten die Evaluation von Prüfungs- Examination Centres in the future. aufgaben und Paralleltests sowie auch weiterfüh- rende empirische Untersuchungen zur Bearbeitung anlassbezogener Fragestellungen (u. a. Modell- rechnungen zur Erarbeitung von empirisch gestütz- Verkehrswahrnehmung und Gefahren- ten Empfehlungen für eine optimierte Prüfungs- vermeidung – Grundlagen und Umsetzungs- bewertung). Weiterhin wurden 2014, d. h. zum möglichkeiten in der Fahranfängervorbereitung Ende des Berichtszeitraums, erstmals Aufgaben mit dynamischen Situationsdarstellungen einge- Der vorliegende Innovationsbericht beschreibt die setzt. Die vorbereitenden Forschungs- und Ent- Forschungs- und Entwicklungsschwerpunkte der wicklungsarbeiten werden im Bericht überblicks- TÜV | DEKRA arge tp 21 im Hinblick auf das Fahr- artig dargestellt. Nicht zuletzt werden erste Ergeb- erlaubnisprüfungssystem für den Zeitraum 2011- nisse der empirischen Erprobung innovativer Auf- 2014. Diese lagen (1) in der Aufbereitung wissen- gabenformate diskutiert, bei denen neuartige schaftlicher Grundlagen zur Vermittlung und Erfas- Formen der Antworteingabe (Tastendruck, Pedal) sung von Kompetenzen im Bereich der Verkehrs- und der Leistungsbewertung (Reaktionszeit) ver- wahrnehmung und Gefahrenvermeidung bei Fahr-
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