Hessian Barracks T ., I AND· OR HISTORIC: L Frederick Barracks

FHD-243 late 18th C. Frederick Barracks 242 South Market Street Frederick Public

Following the general concept of military barracks in North America constructed during the eighteenth and nineteenth century, the Frederick Barracks is a handsome two story, L-shaped stone structure. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, the barracks has adapted itself to a variety of public uses: a state armory, an agricultural exhibition hall, a temporary hos pital during the Civil War, and finally the first classrooms for the Maryland School for the Deaf. Presently, the building serves as the school's museum. I ~U'-i-J.L/ 3 Fer• 10·300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STA'tE! (Julr 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Maryland ~ ..------COUNTY• NATIOtolA.L REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES , Frederick INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USf ONLY ENTRY NUMBElll I DATE (Type all cntrif's - complete applicable sections) I Il. 11. NAME l C OM>fON • . Hessian Barracks t ., I AND· OR HISTORIC: l Frederick Barracks. Revolutionarv Barracks I 12. LOCATION ' STREET ANC' NUM•IER: . 242 South Market Street -CITY OA TOWN: i Frederick STATE I CODE !COUNTY: I CODE .l Mar~land I 24 I Frederick In.,, t (3. CLASSIFICATION CATEGORY ACCESSIBLE OWNfRSHIP STATUS (CMC'I< On•) TO THE PUBLIC "'z [] District [X Building (lQ Public Public Acquialti-: fiCI Occupied Yea: 0 Restricted r 1 Site 0 Structure 0 Priwote 0 In Process D Unoccupied Kl Unrea tr i cted 0 Object 0 Both 0 Being Co.naidered 0 Proaer•otion work D l- In progress D No

u P•IESENT USIE (C"hrdr One or AJore ns Appropriate) ..:. - ::> L I Agriculturol n Gov•rnnaent 0 Pork 0 Tronaportotion oc-onta Q: 0 c-.-rciol LI lndu•triol 0 Priwota Re&"idence 0 Other (Speclly) t- fKI Educotionol Ci Mililor_y 0 ~eligioua 0 Ente;toin111ent rx Muse"'" 0 Scientific ., ' l l•. OWNER OF PROPERTY iUWNER'S NAMEo (Contact: David M. Denton, Superintendent) 3: ..... PJ > ( State of Maryland (for Maryland School for the Deaf) t1 ... w STREET AND NUMBER: I"<; !'.' ; • ..... w 101 Clarke Place PJ I .. CITY OR T0•1N: STATE: CODE =' "' 0. t, -Frederick------·---r--·· Marv. land 24 5.'. l OCATION OF.... LEGAL DESCRIPTION :ouRTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF" DEEDS. ETC: n '%J 0 (no legal documents available at this time) '1 c ro z STREET AND NUMBER:. p. ... ro o( ·~ I '1 !:1TY OA TOWN: STATE CODE ..... 0 .. .. ;.;- I •• I •• ' d EPRESENTATl~N-~N EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE OF" SURVEYo .."'z f' Historic American Building Survey :II .,, o( 0 I >ATE OF" SURVEY: 1 Q&;:Q Xl Federal 0 Stat• 0 County 0 Local z » ~EPOSITORY F"OR SUR YE Y RECORDS: c z "ll. Library of Congress 'Ill "' :II c: STREET AND NUMBE.R: "' .. m"' 0z ..._ .__ .- <.:ITY OR TOWN: I STATE: CODE -c Washington Dist.of Columbia , , 0......

·------· -~-.------· • ' )' ..-.. • l i .• ~· fCllec:l One) e 0 f•cellent 0 Goo4 Cl Foir 0 Deteriorated 0 Ruina CONDITION fCll.clr-On·-.,------,--,------:-:,c=h-ec-:-l-:On:--:-e)______. I ID ,.,,.,.11 0 Unolterell n Mo••lf ~ Original Site ' I EICRIBE THE PREIENT AND ORIGINAL,,, •nown) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE l The two-story stone structure with gallery porches is •L" shaped. An "A" roof covers the structure including the porches.· .. 0 I r' This structure remains of two original "L"-shaped ··- buildings which, between the two, enclosed a yard. The t •I reputedly older building was demolished c. 1870 to supply materials to erect the Maryland School for the Deaf brick building which overshadows the remaining "barracks." : I • The longer (north) exterior wall of the existing '" building and the short (east) exterior wall (the short, base, of the "L") are pierced by occasional small, double-hung ,.. sash windows. The interior walls, along the galleries, t are regularly pierced on both floors by stqrdy doors with six deeply beveled panels, and with double-hung windows that m show some early glass panes. Pegged frames with heavy cyma m I reversa mold surround each window opening; most of the wood r trim throughout the structure appears to be early. z f ' • ·-~ The doorways on each floor open into a series of l plain, rectangular rooms. At neither.level is there an -I , interior passageway. The inter-room door of each room ;o !1 leads directly into the next in line. The interior common •' - wall between each two rooms are fitted with fireplaces, c back-to-back; the stack of each couple rises to just above n the ridge pole appearing as a series of wide, squat chimneys. -I

There are two interior plain, narrow, wooden staircases 0 between the two story levels. Two exterior, plain, wooden z . ~- staircases rise from the lower to the upper galleries.

Thls stone·~tructure closely·resembles the extensively ,. ~ restored, circa eighteenth-century, military barracks at l Trenton, New Jersey, and follows the general concept of military barracks in North America constructed during the nineteenth centu~y.

The Hes~iari Barracks are located at 242 South Market Street (east side of the street) in Frederick, Maryland, on the grounds of the Maryland School for the Deaf.

I I

~. ·. ( ··L .·.. · __· ------~------' '-·------.. ---- . . ~- I: ... "--...:.• _____,N~·~~-- (B •. SIGNIFICANCE P£ .. IOD CCll•r• o .. or lllor• •• Approprlal•) O Pr~·C.1.;.,,ltien l 0 16th Centurr 0 181h Centurr O 1 Sth CentvfJ 0 17th Cenlurr XJ 19th Centurr

.. SPECIFIC DATEISI '" Appllcal>I~ and"_,,, before 1860 ... .. EAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Chee• On• cw llor• •• Apprvprl•I•) Al.or iei-1 0 E4..ceti• O Politico! 0 Urkn Plo..,i"I ~l· Prehia-ic De,.,;,...,,.,. 0 Othor (Specify) ,_ 0 0 Roli9ion/Phi. r.-·. 0 Hiatedc . DI ln4ua1,, ...... , O Aplcultu,. 0 '-Ii- O $ci-co ..' ~~ ; .. GD Archilectur• Le.. 4scope .. t· ·o 0 Sculpture ~ 0 Art Architect- 0 $aciol/H-· 0 Literature \ oc-c•. 11.1... r o c--icoti- IJl Militerr 0 n ...... 0 c-a-otion O Mualc 0 Tronaponetion ~· ..,,. . i,... STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE [Ed.: Footnote references are under 191 Two historians of Frederick, Maryland, Lucy Leigh Bowie "' (in 1939) and J. Thomas Scharf (in 1882) maintained that z the Hessian Barracks were built during~the French and Indian 0 War (1754-1763).1 . ... The first principal (William D. Cooke) of the Maryland u School for the Deaf located on the barracks grounds, in his hist~ry of the institution, was unable to date the barracks :::> exactly. He did state: "It is known, however, that they D:: [the barracks] were built du;ing the reign of George II i. ... [of Great Britain], and that they were occupied by General [Edward] Braddock and his troops on their route to Fort "' Dusquene .... 2 . ·.( z J, ...·, ' Judge T. J. c. Williams, the co-author of the accepted "~ w history of Fred~rick County, stated that the barracks were •t w built following a law passed in 1777. Wi11iams•also mentions a letter dated July of 1775 _from John Hanson to Peyton •~ ·•·- "' Randolph (The latter Williams names as the President of the 1! Continental Congress.), which referred to the barracks.3 - • - Unfortun~tely, Williams gave no source for his statement. ,.r- ~ An examination of the published volumes of the Archives of Maryland reveals that the State contracted to build "a" barracks in Frederick .in the summer of 1777. This structure ... was not completed in 1781.4 A letter from a British officer, a prisoner of war, to Governor Thomas Sim Lee, dated It January 30, 1781, reveals the condition of the barracks, • then to be used as a prison. .• · I have the honor to inform Your Excellency, ... that on the arrival of the British Troqps of i : .. Convention here, I made a demand of boards and nails to make the barracks habitable for the men ·,.. -_;- .. and to give them reasonable space equal. to their numbers. [sic.] which is so far from the case at prese~t, that one half cannot measure their SEE CONTINUATION SHEET

•· ,. r ~. :. . .",.. ~ ~ f- .. . " .· ; ..... t ..... -~·"· .. ·. ·. _:...---- -···.'. . . ·~ .. k·~ ·- .. : --~ . • • ~ "•Fi ITAT& . .. ,.,. 10°300• · UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF.THE INTERIOR . ,,.,., 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Maryland NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY Frederick V'HD-d.Y3 INVENTORY· NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ! ENT"Y HUMBEi' I DATii i (Confinuation Sheet} I 1l l. I· . Hessian Barracks I . ., I f6. REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS continued I Maryland Register of historic sites and landmarks I 1970 - state ' . . 'Maryland Historical Trust Post Office Box 1704 I Annapolis, Maryland 21404 code: 24 l 18. SIGNIFICANCE continued ' lengths on the few floors they have. To alleviate which, had boards, nails and tool~.been provided, they would have willingly ., with my authorizing them completed the barracks.S .!

It may be deduced from.the af6rementioned quotes that the barracks described above were what is known today as the "Hessian Barracks." However, no land record has been un covered to substantiate this deduction.

The Laws of Maryland, February Session 1777, Chapter X, authorized the Governor of the State to purchase prop~rty for l the erection of barracks. In August, two months after the 1 State Council had engaged Abraham ··Faw to build a barracks, t Thomas Johnson, the Governor of Maryland, did purchase five and-one-fou~th acres of land in,Frederick County ~o be held J in the name of the incumbent Governor of Maryland in perpetuity.6 However, this five-and-one~fourth acre tract is not· the piece of land on which the Hessian Barracks sits today. An early documentatiQn of a barracks on the same grounds of the existing.barracks is found in a deed dated April 14, 1820.7 l ,.; French prisoners of war captured during the undeclared I'. • l sea war with France (1799) and Britisi soldiers taken prisoner ~ ' ,. - i in the War of 1812 occupied barracks. ..". J In the nineteenth century the Barracks at this location ~ served several diverse state and community needs_ The State :i of Maryland used the barracks as a state armory under the ·' charge of a state armorer. While the armory was still assigned this building, and.with permission from the State, vacant floor space was rented for other purposes. One of the tenants was <.. . the firm -0f Jenks and Ramsburg, which raised silk worms (c.1839- / ~ ( 1840) 9; from 1853 to 1860 ·the barracks yard served as the ~ • .J •~ (1 of" s continuatio~ sheets) , .• ~. - ':"~··' . : -- . ------.. .. "': ·' ' • ..= ·.... •f • I ·.... ,~.- :~~~:r~· . •.. .,. il... ,...... ·,., ~~·._.1...... - __ ." ------~ • l'I I.. . .•• ~ '"'""'· • ·~ __ _ ··' · .... •• :f"' • .z··· Fe,. 10·300• · UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STAT& .. .- Uulr 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Frederick INVENTo·~·. NOMINATION FORM - FOR NPS USE ONLY ntY NUM•U• I DAT& ; j (Coriti ., Sheet) - I il ·"j• I Hessian Barracks ., f 8. SIGNIFICANCE continued

Agricultural Fairgrounds.

After the Battle of Antietam (September 17-18, 1862) the :I Ba.rracks building functioned as a hospital for the wounded I from both North and South. Every available space in Frederick -~ from hotels to high schools including the Barracks was taken i d" .up for the estimated 4,000 wounded hospitalized there.10 ;I The State chose the Barracks _grounds fot the location of ;i a new school, the Maryland Institution fo~ the Deaf and Dumb (1867). Before the construction of the first building in 1871., !.1i'.. I~ the school met.in the barracks. The Industrial Department of i . ~, the Maryla~d Institution for the Deaf and Dumb continued to use .t the barra·cks for a few years after the construction of the 1871 ~i school building. The school's Board of Directors authorized . I j demolition of the western of the two original·barracks building~. . I _; .-:. ( , .. f9. REFERENCES continued t ' ~ I !" FOOTNOTES: I i. I I r:·.. lLucy Leigh Bow£e, "The Ancient Barracks at Fredericktown," (Frederick: Maryland School for. .. the Deaf, 1939), 6; J. Thomas I Scharf, H.istory of Western Maryland ••• , 2 vols., i : i -~hiladelphia: Louis H. Everts, 1882), I, 500. t tf;.1 ,l • • l H t · 1 2[williarn D. Cooke], "Principal~s Report to the President •; and Board of Directors of the Maryland Institution for the ~ j Deaf and Dumb," "Report of the Maryland Institution for the l .1 '.for 'the Deaf and Duml;>," 1869, 11, Maryland Public Documents, -4 microfilm, ijall of Records,-Annapolis. ..4 ..I 3 . ~ T. J._c. Williams and Folger McKinsey, History of Frederick County, 2 vols., reprint, (Baltimore: Regional i. -~' 1 Publishing, 1967), I, 90, 91. ~ J l ~ · 4A~chives of Maryland, XVI, Journal and Correspondence of the Council of Maryland, 177r, 300; Archives of Maryland,

-I' .- XLIII, Journal and Council of Maryland, 1781, 32, 305; I ;-! Calendar of State Papers, No. 5, Executive Miscellanea, ·l (Annapolis: Hall of Records, 1958) , 110. ·· " I • ...- l ,:. t ~ ( •I '- .., . ~ (2 of S continuation sheets) f ~.. ..., __ ~·---r-,:--- .. ~ ----- . -- -·-. ·------~! . ' ...... -. ..~_..,._•:__.;Mt.·: 'fr;::-y; .... ~-~"'-. -·~---~---·- - ;_ i"" _. ::.·~~:_ l:__: ~-;-= '!_ ·'. i~ ------.. • UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8TAT& HA TIONAL PARK SERVICE Maryland tt\\J-'d.LJ3 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY Frederick INVENTORY· NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY (Continuation Sheet) ENT"Y NUM•E" ' DAT& I ·. l CN&aaber 1111 _,,,.. ,

· Hessian Barracks ., 19. REFERENCES continuea ·- FOOTNOTES continued: ..... •• 5James Hamilton, Brigadier General, to Governor Thomas Sim Lee at Annapolis, Fredericks ·Town, January 30, 1781, Archives of-Maryland, XLVII, Letters to the Governor and Council, 1781, 41-42. . 6 . . 'J;homas Beatty to Governor Thomas Johnson, Aug. 22, 1777, Frederick County Land Records~ Liber ~, fplio 195, Hall of Records, Annapolis.

7John Cromwell to Peter Storm, April 18, 1820, Frederick County Land Records Liber JSflO folio 564, Hall of Records, •. Annapol~~· This land transaction concerned two lots in · Frederick Town on the northern boundary of the Barracks lot. 8 Bowie, "The Ancient Barracks.. at Fredericktown," 29, 30; ...' Williams. and McKinsey, History of Frederick County, I, 141. 9 ( scharf, History of Western Maryland, I, 552; Williams and McKinsey, History of Frederick County, I, 218. ~. lOJ. Thomas Scharf, History of Maryland From the ~arliest Period to the Present Day, 3 vols., (Baltimore: John B. Peit, .r 1879) I III I 516-517. ..

SOURCES: .; Bowie, Lucy Leigh, "The Ancient Barracks at Fredericktown," •· • 1 .. Frederick, Md. :Maryland State School for the Deaf, 1939. ·: Williams; T •.(J. c., and McKinsey, Folger, History of Frederick County, Maryland, 2 vols., reprint, Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1967. •I Radoff, Morris L.,.and White, Frank F., (comps.), Maryland Manual 1969-1970, [Annapolis]: Hall of Records Commission, 1970.

Works Progress Administration, Maryland Guide to the Old Line State, New York...: Oxford University Press, 1940.

I .- (3' of 5 continuation sheets) r· .. _-:--- - .. , .. . . ·;.~ ... : ,-...:.:·..:.···..:.~:..:.:...'.'.:...5:.~~·...::" .. !::·~~· ~~-·~~:?~~~· ;;;;;• ;;;..;~;;;;;··=';'=··======·=·'=· ="=• =====-==.::::·,=-=-----=--=--=---:,--A,·. ,_ 10·300• · UNITED STATES "DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATS U•IJ 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Mary 1 and \=°-\-\ l'.>- ';\ y 3 NATIONAL RfGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY Frederick . INVENTORY· NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY I ENTRY NUM•ER I OATS (Continuation Sheet) I

.• Hessian Barracks . I 1 f .. ; I ~ I . 19. REFERENCES continued ~ i , I SOURCES continued: I. l " Scharf, J. Thomas, A History-of Maryland·from the Earliest ~ Period to the Present Day, 3 vols., Baltimore: John B. / Peit, 1879. I Morton, Mrs. Terry Brust, "Frederick, Maryland, Loses One ·Wins One, And Faces Overall Planning Problems," Preservation News, (Washington, D·. · C. l, August 1967. I Scharf·, J. · Thomas, History of Western MarYland • • • , 2 vols., Philadeiphia: Louis H. Eveits, 1882 • . ' Land, Auorey c., The Dulanys of Maryland A Biographical Study i of Daniel Dulany, the Elder (1685-1753) and Daniel I, Dulany, the Younger (1722-1797), Baltimore: Maryland •• Historical Society, 1955. t Archives of Maryland, XVI, XXI, XLVIII, XLIII, Journal and f;. t,, Correspondence of the ~ouncil of ~aryland, 1777-1781. ._, .. Laws of Maryland, F~bruary Session, 1777, Chapter x • :l Laws of Mary land , 18 6 7 , · Chapter ...2 4 7 • Archives of Maryland, XLVII, Let~ers to the Governor and ·council-, 1781. • ~ Calendar of Maryland State Papers, No. 3, The Brown Books, 1 Annapolis: Hall of Records Commission, 1948. ; ·:.1 Calendar of Maryland ·state Papers, No. 5, Executive Miscellanea .j 4 - • Ann~pol1s: Hall of Records, 1958. .,I :1'., State Papers, 1777-1778, manuscripts, Hall of Records, ;i Annapolis. · ~ 1 Fxederick County.Land Records, Hall of Records, Annapolis.

··1.• [William D. Cooke), "Principal'& Report to the President and Board of Visitors to the Maryland Institution for the .. ·~ Deaf and Dumb," (1869], "Report of the Maryland t Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, " Maryland Public Documents, Hall of Records, Annapolis, Md.

• .a. {'4 of 5 continuation sheets)

__ .. ., ...... ---~-~ .. ~ . • .. ~~. -~~-- ... .· .._. ___ :·_.;_'~.'.!:.~'°~ : . .• ...;-"t,;.;;i: . -·~·~·-_·_·__:~_...:;_~~- ...jl.. l • •. ': .... ,,_ 10.JDOe UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF 11•'! INTERIOR •S NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ; Maryland ; ""'' lf6') ~t-\f\-d.Y3 .. NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUN'tY

1 Frederick ·) IHVENTC:- ·: NOMINATION 'l•P.._ FOR NPS USE ONLY ' --·t DATE - ·Sheet) ·k I :'. li .. , Hessian Barracks ., : 'i 19. REFERENCES continued -.·-- j .1 SOURCES continued: l Ely, Charles w., "History of the Maryland School for the Deaf :!. and Dumb," Frederick, Md.: Maryland School for the Deaf "I and Dumb, 1893, Maryland Public Documents, Hall of ~:. ! Records, Annapolis, Md. ...• i . t "Thi~d Annual Report of the Maryland Inst~tution for the /: Education of the Deaf and Dwnb to the Legislature of Maryland for the Year 1871," Frederick: J. W. Boughman, 'i' ~ i 1871, Maryland Public Documents, Hall of Records, : j Annapolis, Md. I •1 -· Duval, S~uel, "Map of Frederick Town, August 10, 1782, Made at.the request of Clement Holliday, a Commissioner for ..&.'lo . the Confiscation of British Property," Hall of Records, Annapolis, Md. ·· '; -; - Varle, Charles, "A Map of Frederick and Washington Counties, -· :( State of Maryland," Philadelphia: Francis [Shallus], 1808, .. Hall of Records, Annapolis, Maryland • I .i ' Bond, Isaac, "Map of Frederick County, Maryland, Accurately j · Drawn from Correct Instrumental Surveys of All the County Roads, etc." Baltimore: E. Sachse, (1860), Hall '·j of Records, Annapolis, Md. --1 Lake, D~ J., Atlas of Frederick County Maryland, Philadelphia: :' j C. O. Titus, 1873, Hall of Records, Annapolis, Md. ! ( .1 .. I . ~ ~ "Report of the Armox:er at Frederlck," 1832, "Adjutant General ;._., '! ·, of Maryland's Report," Maryland State Documents, Hall of Recc;>rds, Annapolis, Md. ~J': .. • I ;:.,. Morris, Richard B., Encyclopedia of American History, New . ' f" York: Harper and Brothers, 1953 • L

. ' ·1 · ......

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··- (S'of 5 continuation sheets) - - -....._.:--- . -·· ·- --=-~==-----='-"--'=~ .. ~ - . ..: .. ~ . ;;; f 9 .. MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES .. • L~ .. ·Recorder: Orlando Ridout IV, Director, Maryland Historical "';_~: ' Trust, P. o. Box 1704, Annapolis, Maryland 21404, .... :· December 1970. , .i' ~.- - Nancy Miller, Historian, Maryland Historical Trust, L· - l P. o. Box 1704, Annapolis, Maryland, 21404, r.·: .· November .1970 • . SEE CONTINUATION SHEET ~=.· ", r10. GEOGRAPHICAL DATA •,. -----·· 1- - LATITUDE AND LONCOITUOE COORDINATES LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDIN.aTF.S ·- D£ .. INING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROPEMTY 0 DE .. INING THE CENTER POINT OF' A PROPERTY :It . R 0 .. LESS THAN TFN ACRES ftJ: CORNE"' LATITUDE LONGITUDE ! LATITUDE LONGITUDE -· 0.9rees Minutes Seconds DeJees Minutes Seconds ~ o.., ... Minutes Seconds De9rees Minvtes Seconds HW 39° 24· 34. 7 024 ·38.5 0 . . o· . . [i HE 39° 24· 34. 77 0 24 . 33. 5 ~ SE 39° 24· 30· 77 ° 24 . 33. 5 ~ L- "'W ':lQo 24· ':ln. ii 0 ?.4 . ·:u~.5~ APPROXIMATE A"CREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY: ~c 4 ~ci;-es LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES .. OR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNT"( BOUNDAllllE! "' ...,,.; IT Al£: CODE COUNTY COOE m ("<: •'.,I- m STATE: COO£ COUNTY: CODE . &.. STATE: .. CODE COUNTY: CODE z L h~ "' ~ ... STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE -I k ,. ;o 11. FORM PREPARED !Y c NAME AND TITLE; ( n ., Mrs • Preston Parish, Keeper of the Maryland Register ORGANIZATION IDATE -I .. Maryland Historical Trust Dec. 8, 1970 j STREET AND NUMBf"R: 0 . I Post Office Box 1704 • '.·~ z ~ -· .. CITY OR TOWN: STATe· CODE • Annapolis Maryland. 24 "' ·:.· (12. STATE LIAISON Oi:._FICER CERTIFICA.1 ION NATIONAL REGISTER VERIFICATION - >- . A-. tt.. designated S1ate Liaison Otricer for the N:•· I t..reby ccrtHy that this property is included in t~ .. tiunul Historic Prescrvlition Act or 196<• (Public I.aw 8 1 -665). I he.eby nominatc this property for ii;iclusion Nationa I Register.

in the Nations I Re~ister a~~ n~rtHy that it has been - ., aluated accord mg .to the <-rih·ria and procecllrei; set forth by the National Park Sl•rvu:••. The recommended Chief, Ollice of Archeology and Historic Preservation l•vel of aip;niricance of this 11om1nation is: ... National ~ Stale !K Local 0

(] n· Date I. Name .~O~IL1.~ J~cP~ IV • .. Orlando Ridout IV ATTJ::ST:

... Till• §tate Liaison Officer

'·for Maryland Keeper of Tho National Register :. ( - 1 0 1970 ..' l>utc DEC [,ate ··. t " ~. t·· .; . ·.: . . . '--~~-. to.. ----·--- Hessian Barracks #7 - Description continued - page 2

The west facade of the north-south "L" is a shorter version of its companion wing. Window and door trim is identical to that on the east-west "L".

The south facade of the north-south "L" is marked by three starbolts but otherwise is a solid masonry wall. At the first story level the stone wall has been extensively reworked. School personnel indicate that part of this wing was converted into a garage and then subsequently remodeled. Beaded rakeboards outline the gable area.

The east facade of the north-south "L" is punctuated by evenly spaced windows displaying 6/6 sash, pegged surrounds, projecting wooden sills and flat-arched, keystoned stone lintels. Most of the windows and window frames are replacement. A stone watertable which follows the rising northward slope of the land further distinguishes this facade.

This watertable continues to run along the north (rear) facade of the east-west "L". This north facade is eight bays wide. On the first .story, three raised entrances mark the first, third, and fifth bays from the northeast corner respectively. Windows occupy the remaining bays. Windows also define the corresponding openings of the second story. An additional window is centered between the two easternmost bays at this level. Both window and door frames are replacement but repli cate the trim found trhoughout the structure.

The west facade of the east-west "L" is a solid masonry wall. Beaded rakeboards articulate the gable area.

Large interior brick chimneys rise through the roof ridge between the sixth and seventh bays, the tenth and eleventh bays, at the easternmost bay of the east-west "L", and centrally in the shorter north-south "L". All chimney stakes have been extensively rebuilt.

INTERIOR

Very little of the original fabric remains on the interior due to the variety of uses the building has adapted itself to since its construction. The Hessian Barracks were extensively renovated in 1971. Hessian Barracks #7 - Description continued - page 3

The majority of the rooms presently serve as exhibit space for the Maryland School for the Deaf, depicting their history as well as the historical events associated with the barracks. The second floor of the north-south "L" is a private apartment.

Both "L" shaped interiors are divided into a series of plain, rectangular rooms. At neither level is there an interior hall way. A narrow, straight stair is found along the inside of the western gable wall of the east-west "L". A second and much larger dog-leg stairs is located toward the eastern portion of this wing. In the center section a wooden ladder leads to the second floor through a square opening in that floor. The interior common walls between each room are beaded vertical panels and are fitted with fireplaces back-to-back. These fireplaces have been extensively rebuilt. The partition walls in most cases are not original. While some of the interior window and door trim is of an early date, most of the detailing is of recent construction. This is also true for the doors and door hardware. In many rooms the plaster has been stripped from the walls, exposing the unfinished masonry suraface.

In two of the rooms on the first floor the ceiling joists are visible, showing early hand-hewn beams. On the second story, one of the rooms in the east-west wing exhibits wide, pine floorboards secured with old nails. The plaster ceiling in this room has been removed, also revealing hand-hewn joists. Some of the upright posts in the roof truss system however are hand-hewn.

This stone structure closely resembles the extensively restored, circa eighteenth century, military barracks at Trenton, New Jersey and follows the general concept of military barracks in North America constructed during the nineteenth century. Hessian Barracks #8 - Significance continued - page 2

case at present, that one half cannot measure their lengths on the few floors they have.

To alleviate which, had boards, nails and tools been provided, they would have wiSlingly with my authorizing them completed the barracks.

It may be deduced from the aforementioned quotes that the barracks described above were what is known today as the "Hessian Barracks." However, no land record has been uncovered to substantiate this deduction.

The Laws of Maryland, February Session 1777, Chapter X, authorized the Governor of the State to purchase property for the erection of barracks. In August, two months after the State Council had engaged Abraham Faw to build a barracks Thomas Johnson, the Governor of Maryland, did purchase five-and-one-fourth acres of land in Frederick County to be held in the name of the in cumbent Governor of Maryland in perpetuity.6 However, this five-and-one-fourth acre tract is not the piece of land on which the Hessian Barracks sits today. An early documentation of a barracks on the same grounds of the existing barracks is found in a deed dated April 14, 1820.7

French prisoners of war captured during the undeclared sea war with France (1799) and British soldiers taken prisoner in the War of 1812 occupied barracks.8

In the nineteenth century the Barracks at this location served several diverse state and community needs. The State of Maryland used the barracks as a state armory under the charge of a state armorer. While the armory was still assigned this building, and with permission from the State, vacant floor space was rented for other purposes. One of the tenants was the firms of Jenks and Ramsburg, which raised silk worms (c.1839-1840);9 from 1853 to 1860 the barracks yard served as the Agricultural Fairgrounds.

After the Battle of Antietam (September 17-18, 1862) the Barracks building functioned as a hospital for the wounded from both North and South. Every available space in Frederick from hotels to high schools including the Barracks was taken up for the estimated 4,000 wounded hospitalized there.10

The State chose the Barracks grounds for the location of a new school, the Maryland Institution for the Deaf and Dwnb (1867). Before the construction of the first building in 1871, the school met in the barracks. The Industrial Department of the Hessian Barracks #8 - Significance continued - page 3

Maryland Institution for the Deaf and Dumb continued to use the barracks for a few years after the construction of the 1871 school building. The school's Board of Directors authorized demolition of the western of the two original barracks buildings.

FOOTNOTES:

1. Lucy Leigh Bowie, "The Ancient Barracks at Fredericktown," (Frederick: Maryland School for the Deaf, 1939), 6:J. Thomas Scharf, History of Western Maryland •..• , 2 vols., (Phila delphia: Louis H. Everts, 1882), I. 500.

2. (William D. Cooke), "Principal's Report to the President and Board of Directors of the Maryland Institution for the Deaf and Dumb," "Report of the Maryland Institution for the Deaf and Dumb," 1869, 11, Maryland and Public Documents, microfilm, Hall of Records, Annapolis.

3. T.J.C. Williams and Folger McKinsey, History of Frederick County, 2 vols., reprint, (Baltimore: Regional Publishing, 1967) I I, 90, 91.

4. Archives of Maryland, XVI, Journal and Correspondence of the Council of Maryland, 1777, 300: Archives of Maryland, XLIII, Journal and Council of Maryland, 1781, 32, 305; Calendar of State Papers, No. 5, Executive Miscellanea, (Annapolis: Hall of Records, 1958), 110.

5. James Hamilton, Brigadier General, to Governor Thomas Sim Lee at Annapolis, Fredericks Town, January 30, 1781, Archives of Maryland, XLVII, Letters to the Governor and Council, 1781, 41-42.

6. Thomas Beatty to Governor Thomas Johnson, Aug. 22, 1777, Frederick County Land Records, Liber RP, folio 195, Hall of Records, Annapolis.

7. John Cromwell to Peter Storm, April 18, 1820, Frederick County Land Records Liber JSilO folio 564, Hall of Records, Annapulis. This land transaction concerned two lots in Frederick Town on the northern boundary of the Barracks lot.

8. Bowie, "The Ancient Barracks at Fredericktown," 29, 30: Williams and McKinsey, History of Frederick County, I, 141. Hessian Barracks #8 - Significance continued - page 4

9. Scharf, History of Western Maryland, I, 552; Williams and McKinsey, History of Frederick County, I, 218.

10. J. Thomas Scharf, History of Maryland from the Earliest Period to the Present Day, 3 vols. (Baltimore: John B. Peit, 1879), III, 516-517. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Archives of Maryland, XVI XXI, XLVIII, XLIII, Journal and Correspondence of the Council of Maryland, 1777-1781.

Archives of Maryland, XLVII, Letters to the Governor and Council, 1781.

Bond, Isaac, "Map of Frederick County, Maryland, Accurately Drawn from Correct Instrumental Surveys of All the County Roads, etc." Baltimore: E. Sachse, [1860], Hall of Records, Annapolis, Md.

Bowie, Luch Leigh, "The Ancient Barracks at Fredericktown," Frederick, Md.: Maryland State School for the Deaf, 1939.

Calendar of Maryland State Papers, No. 3, The Brown Books, Annapolis: Hall of Records Commission, 1948.

Calendar of Maryland State Papers, No. 5, Executive Miscellanea, Annapolis: Hall of Records, 1958.

[William D. Cooke], "Principal's Report to the President and Board of Visitors to the Maryland Institution for the Deaf and Dumb," [1869], "Report of the Maryland Institution for the Deaf and Dumb," Maryland Public Documents, Hall of Records, Annapolis, Md.

Duval, Samuel, "Map of Frederick Town, August 10, 1782, Made at the request of Clement Holliday, a Commissioner for the Confiscation of British Property," Hall of Records, Annapolis, Md. Ely, Charles w., "History of the Maryland School for the Deaf and Dumb," Frederick, Md.: Maryland School for the Deaf and Dumb, 1893, Maryland Public Documents, Hall of Records, Annapolis, Md.

Frederick County Land Records, Hall of Records, Annapolis.

Lake, D. J., Atlas of Frederick County Maryland, Philadelphia: C. O. Titus, 1873, Hall of Records, Annapolis, Md.

Land, Aubrey C., The Dulanys of Maryland, A Biographical Study of Daniel Dulany, the Elder (1685-1753) and Daniel Dulany, the Younger (1722-1797), Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 1955.

Laws of Maryland, February Session, 1777, Chapter X. - 2 -

Laws of Maryland, 1867, Chapter 247.

Morris, Richard B., Encyclopedia of American History, New York: Harper and Brothers, 1953.

Morton, Mrs. Terry Brust, "Frederick, Maryland, Loses One Wins One, And Faces Overall Planning Problems," Preservation News, (Washington, D. c. ) , August 1967. Radoff, Morris L., and White, Frank F., (comps.), Maryland Manual 1969-1970, [Annapolis]: Hall of Records Commission, 1970.

"Report of the Armorer at Frederick," 1832, "Adjutant General of Maryland's Report," Maryland State Documents, Hall of Records, Annapolis, Md.

Scharf, J. Thomas, A History of Maryland from the Earliest Period to the Present Day, 3 vols., Baltimore: John B. Peit, 1879.

Scharf, J. Thomas, History of Western Maryland ... , 2 vols., Philadelphia: Louis H. Eveits, 1882.

State Papers, 1777-1778, manuscripts, Hall of Records, Annapolis.

"Third Annual Report of the Maryland Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb to the Legislature of Maryland for the Year 1871," Frederick: J. w. Boughman, 1871, Maryland Public Documents, Hall of Records, Annapolis, Md.

Varle, Charles, "A Map of Frederick and Washington Counties, State of Maryland," Philadelphia: Francis [Shallus], 1808, Hall of Records, Annapolis, Maryland.

Williams, T. J. C., and McKinsey, Folger, History of Frederick County, Maryland, 2 vols., reprint, Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1967.

Works Progress Administration, Maryland Guide to the Old Line State, New York: Oxford University Press, 1940. MARYLAND HISTORICAL TRUST FHD-243

INVENTORY FORM FOR STATE HISTORIC SITES SURVEY ilNAME

HISTORIC Hessian Barracks / Frederick Barracks AND/OR COMMON

fJLOCATION

STREET Ill NUMBER 242 South Market Street CITY.TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Frederick .X.,. VICINITY OF STATE COUNTY Maryland Frederick County DcLAss1FICATION

CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE _DISTRICT X....PUBLIC x_OCCUPIED _AGRICULTURE iLMUSEUM X..BUILDING(S) _PRIVATE _UNOCCUPIED _COMMERCIAL _PARK _STRUCTURE _BOTH _WORK IN PROGRESS _EDUCATIONAL _PRIVATE RESIDENCE _SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE _ENTERTAINMENT _RELIGIOUS _OBJECT _IN PROCESS X.. YES RESTRICTED _GOVERNMENT _SCIENTIFIC -BEING CONSIDERED _YES: UNRESTRICTED _INDUSTRIAL _TRANSPORTATION -NO _MILITARY _OTHER

...OWNER OF PROPERTY Contact: David M. Denton, Superintendent

NAME Maryland School for the Deaf State of Maryland Telephone #: 301/662-4159 STREET Ill NUMBER 101 Clarke Place CITY. TOWN STATE I zip code Frederick _ v1c1N1TY oF Maryland 21701 llLOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION Liber #: COURTHOUSE. Folio #: REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC Frederick County Courthouse STREET & NUMBER

CITY. TOWN STATE FrerJerjck Maryland mREPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE Historic American Buildings Survey DATE 1936 X-FEDERAL -STATE _COUNTY -LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR suRvEYRECORDs Library of Congress - PrinLs and Photographs Division CITY. TOWN STATE Washington D.C. II DESCRIPTION

CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE

_EXCELLENT _DETERIORATED _UNALTERED ){_ORIGINAL SITE XGOOD _RUINS X-ALTERED _MOVED DATE ___ _FAIR _ UNEXPOSED

DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE The Hessian Barracks located on the campus of the Maryland School for the Deaf in Frederick County (242 South Market Street) is a long L-shaped, two-story stone structure. Its slate gable roof projects along the south wall of the fourteen-bay story gallery porch. A wide flagstone path marks this area at the first-story level. There is no access to the balcony from the ground. although earlier photographs show a stairway in the westernmost bay of the east-west wing. The present porch is of recent construction but in all likelihood some type of gallery has always existed.

This structure was· one of two· original.· "L"-:-~haped bui;I.dings wnich, between the two, enclosed a yard. The reportedly olaer building was demolished circa 1870 to supply· materials to, erect the Maryland School for the Deaf's brick building which overshadowed the re maining barracks~ This brick structure, an elaborate five-part Victorian building, was torn down in the 1960s to· be replaced by the Ely Building/Auditorium.

The first and second stories of the east-west "L" are identical and characterized from west to east by a window, door, door, window, window, door, door, window, window, door, door, window, window, door configuration. The windows are universally 6/6 sash with a beaded and pegged surround outlined by a heavy cyma reversa molding. Further defining these openings are projecting wooden sills and flat-arched stone lintels. Shutter dogs randomly appear on the window trim and· suggest that casement-type shutters originally covered the openings. The entrances are framed by a beaded ahd-p~-gged ~urround, also outlined by a cyma reversa molding. A flat-arched, keystoned stone lintel surmounts the doorways. The poured--concrete door sills replace stone ones. The doors are fashioned of beaded, wide vertical panels. Some of the wood trim windaw panes and doors appear early. Where they are not, their replacement is a replicated version of the older detail.

A plaque, dated September 14, 1914 and placed by the members of the National Star Spangled Banner Centennial Pilgrimage is centered between the two westernmost first-story doors. It reads:

"These barracks mark the course of the struggle for American independence built in 1777 by the British & Hessian prisoners of the Revoluntionary War. Here were detained these taken at battles of Saratoga, Trenton, and Yorktown also the French prisoners captured from the frigate "L'Insurgent" by the Navy in 1799. Also the British prisoners taken in the War of 1812 at Bladensburg and during the attack upon Baltimore at North Point and Fort McHenry September 12-14, 1814, the gallent defense of which inspired Francis Scott Key to write the American National Anthem "The Star Spangled Banner." CONTINUE ON SEPARATE SHEET IF NECESSARY II SIGNIFICANCE

PERIOD AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE -- CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW

-qEHISTORIC _ARCHEOLOGY-PREHISTORIC _COMMUNITY PLANNING -LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE _RELIGION 00-1499 -ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC -CONSERVATION -LAW _SCIENCE -1500-1599 --AGRICULTURI; _ECONOMICS _LITERATURE _SCULPTURE _1600-1699 LRCHITECTURE X_EOUCATION :K_MILITARY _SOCIAUHUMANITARIAN X-1700-1799 _ART -ENGINEERING -MUSIC _THEATER ~ 1800-1899 _COMMERCE -EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT _PHILOSOPHY _TRANSPORTATION ~1900- _COMMUNICATIONS _INDUSTRY _POLITICS/GOVERNMENT _OTHER (SPECIFY) _INVENTION

SPECIFIC DATES BUILDER/ ARCHITECT

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The following statement .of significance- is taken from the historical information collected for theNational Register Nomination Form prepared in 1970. The Hessian Barracks were placed on the National Register of Histor~c Places on-January 25, 1971.---- "Two historians of Frederick, Maryland, Lucy Leigh Bowie (in 1939) and J. Thomas Scharf (in-1882) maintained that the Hessian Barracks were built during the French and Indian War (1754-1763) .1

The first principal (William D. Cooke) of the Maryland School for the Deaf located on the barracks grounds, in his history of the institution, was unable to date the barracks exactly. He did state: 'It is known, however, that they (the barracks) were built during the reign of George II (of Great Britain), and that they were occupied by General (Edward) Braddock and his troops on their toute·to Fort-ousquene.~2- --

Judge T. J.C. Williams, the co-author of the-accepted history of Frederick County, stated that the barracks were built following a law passed in 1777. Williams also mentions a letter dated July of 1775 from John Hanson to Peyton Randolph (Williams names the latter as the President of the Continental Congress), which referred to the barracks.3 Unfortunately, Williams gave no source for his statement. An examination of the published volumes of the Archives of Maryland reveals that the State contracted to build "a" barracks in Frederick in the summer of 1777. This structure was not completed in 1781.4 A letter from a British officer, a prisoner of war, to Governor Thomas Sim Lee, dated January 30, 1781, reveals the condition of the barracks, then to be used as a prison. I have the honor to inform Your Excellency, that on the arrival of the British troops of Convention here, I made a demand of boards and nails to make the barracks habitable for the men and to give them reasonable space equal to their numbers, (sic.) which is so far from the

CONTINUE ON SEPARATE SHEET IF NECESSARY IJMAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

SEE SEPARATE SHEET

------CONTINUE ON SE~AW\,TE SHEET If NECESSARY ll!JGEOGRAPHICAL DATA ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY ___4::...... :a=c=r=e=s __

' VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION Corner Latitude '· Iiongitude Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds NW 39° 24' 34" 77° 24' 38.5" NE 39° 24' 34 II 77° 24' 33.5" 11 SE 39° 24' 30 II 77° 24' 33.5 SW 39° 24' 30 11 77° 24' 38.5" LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES

STATE COUNTY

mFORM PRE!ARED ~y NAME I TITLE Bridget Deale· Hartma-n,·· MH1r Historic Sites Surveyor ORGANIZATION DATE Maryland Historical Trust April 1980 STREET & NUMBER TELEPHONE 21 State Circle 301/269-2438 CITY OR TOWN STATE Annapolis Maryland

The Maryland Historic Sites Inventory was officially created by an Act of the Maryland Legislature, to be found in the Annotated Code of Maryland, Article 41, Section 181 KA, 1974 supplement.

The Survey and Inventory are being prepared for information and record purposes only and do not-eon~titµte any infringe ment of individual property rights.

RETURN TO: Maryland Historical Trust ·The Shaw House~;--21 State ·circle Annapolis, Maryland 21401 'i 301) 267-1438

PS• t IOS FHD-243 MARYLAND HISTORICAL TRUST

INVENTORY FORM FOR STATE HISTORIC SITES SURVEY

6NAME

HISTORIC "HESSIAN BARRACKS" - REVOLUTIONARY STONE BAR...-q_ACKS

AND/OR COMMON

EILOCATION

STREET & NUMBER S. Market Street Maryland State School

CITY. TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Frederick _VICINITY OF STATE COUNTY Maryland Frederick DcLAss1FICATION

CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE _DISTRICT X_PUBLIC _OCCUPIED _AGRICULTURE _MUSEUM X...BUILDING(S) _PRIVATE !_UNOCCUPIED _COMMERCIAL _PARK _STRUCTURE _BOTH _WORK IN PROGRESS ~EDUCATIONAL _PRIVATE RESIDENCE _SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE _ENTERTAINMENT _RELIGIOUS _OBJECT _IN PROCESS ~YES: RESTRICTED _GOVERNMENT _SCIENTIFIC _BEING CONSIDERED _YES: UNRESTRICTED _INDUSTRIAL _TRANSPORTATION _NO _MILITARY _OTHER DOWNER OF PROPERTY

NAME Telephone #: STREET & NUMBER

CITY. TOWN STATE I zip code _ VICINITY OF

IJLOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION Liber #: COURTHOUSE Folio #: REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC. Frederick County Courthouse

STREET & NUMBER N. Court Street CITY. TOWN STATE Frederick, Maryland l1J REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE

DATE _FEDERAL --5TATE _COUNTY _LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS

CITY. TOWN STATE

----·-·------. -- . B DESCRIPTION

CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE ~EXCELLENT _DETER I ORATED _UNALTERED !ORIGINAL SITE _GOOD _ RUINS !ALTERED Minor _MOVED DATE ____ _FAIR _UNEXPOSED Remaining part of a pair

DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINALJIF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

This is a detached 2-1/2 story "L" shaped structure having thick walls of native blue fieldstone and being approximately two bays wide and fourteen bays in depth with the base of the "L" extending about five bays. A plain balcony of the period projects along the inner facades. The foundation rises to a height of three feet forming a watertable. The many doors are of board and batten construction with pegged beam framing. The building is lighted by many picturesque small 6/6 windows also framed by pegged beams, flat stone arches, and with thick wooden sills. Rear windows are protected by board and batten shutters. A fieldstone pavement leads to the entrances.

The building is capped by steep sloped "A:i frame slate roofs overhanging the balconies. Four large square chimneys rise from the ridges.

This structure sets amid lawns, brick paths, flower beds, evergreens and trees.

CONTINUE ON SEPARATE SHEET IF NECESSARY II SIGNIFICANCE

PERIOD AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE -- CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW _PREHISTORIC _ARCHEOLOGY-PREHISTORIC _COMMUNITY PLANNING ~LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE _RELIGION _1400-1499 -ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC _CONSERVATION _LAW _SCIENCE

_1500-1599 -AGRICULTUR~ _ECONOMICS _LITERATURE _SCULPTURE _1600-1699 _bRCHITECTURE _EDUCATION ~MILITARY _SOCIAUHUMANITARIAN ~1700-1799 _ART _ENGINEERING _MUSIC _THEATER _18D0-1899 _COMMERCE _EX PLO RA TIONISETTLEM ENT _PHILOSOPHY _TRANSPORTATION _1900- _COMMUNICATIONS _INDUSTRY _POLITICS/GOVERNMENT _OTHER !SPECIFY) 1777 Placque _INVENTION

SPECIFIC DATES BUILDER/ ARCHITECT

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

A bronze placque on the wall states the case:

Z776 - lBlA "These barracks mark the course of the st!'Uggle for American Independence" "Built in l777 by the British and Hessian prisoners of the Rev olutionary war. Here were detained those taken at the battles of Saratoga, Trenton and Yorktown. Also the French prisoners captured from the frigate "L" Insurgent" by the United States frigate "Constellation," the first capture of the navy in l799. Also, the British prisoners taken in the War of l8l2 at Bladens burg and during the attack upon Baltimore at North Point and Fort McHenry; Sept l2-l4 Z8l4. The gallant defense of which inspired Francis Scott Key to write the national anthem "The Star Spangled Banner."

CONTINUE ON SEPARATE SHEET IF NECESSARY IJMAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

CONTINUE ON SE~AR.ATE SHEET If NECESSARY II!JGEOGRAPHICAL DATA ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY------

VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION

LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES

STATE COUNTY

STATE COUNTY mFORM PREPARED BY NAME/TITLE DOUGLAS M. GREENE ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN ORGANIZATION HISTORICAL DISTRICT COMMISSION DATE CITY of FifEDERICK, MD. !1701 MAY 1977 STREET & NUMBER TELEPHONE

CITY OR TOWN STATE

The Maryland Historic Sites Inventory was officially created by an Act of the Maryland Legislature, to be found in the Annotated Code of Maryland, Article 41, Section 181 KA, 1974 Supplement. The Survey and Inventory are being prepared for information and record purposes only and do not constitute any infringe ment of individual property rights.

RETURN TO: Maryland Historical Trust The Shaw House, 21 State Circle Annapolis, Maryland 21401 ( 301) 267-1438

PS• I IOI =:::::::::::::: _• Vi_;'jJ_:;::>~'._ ) ; ~!'F~:::T /_;--

·c .:--

FREDERICK/HESSIAN BARRACKS

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FHD-243 FREDERICK/HESSIAN BARRACKS 242 south Market Street Frederick, Maryland SW Elevation from The MARyland Bulletin Vol.C, No.3 February-March 1B80 j M

FHD.-2.4 3 FREERICK/HESSIAN BARRACKS 242 South Market Street Frederick, Maryland SW Elevation

4/80 Btt,OH

FHD-..2 -4 3 FREDERICK/HESSIAN BARRACKS 242 South Market Street Frederick , Maryland Exterior Window Detail

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.3ouTfl . f,L£YATION FHD-243 FREDERICK/HESSIAN BARRACKS 242 South Market Street Frederick , Maryland

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