LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS
Indian Minerals Yearbook 2017 (Part- III : Mineral Reviews)
56th Edition
LIMESTONE & OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS
(ADVANCE RELEASE)
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF MINES INDIAN BUREAU OF MINES
Indira Bhavan, Civil Lines, NAGPUR – 440 001
PHONE/FAX NO. (0712) 2565471 PBX : (0712) 2562649, 2560544, 2560648 E-MAIL : [email protected] Website: www.ibm.gov.in
March , 201 8
18-1 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS 18 Limestone & Other Calcareous Materials
imestone is a sedimentary rock composed tonnes of which 123.86 million tonnes (91%) are under mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO ) in the form reserves category and 11.70 million tonnes (9%) are L 3 of the mineral calcite. The two most important under remaining resources category [Table - 1 (B)]. constituents are calcite and dolomite. Limestone often contains magnesium carbonate, either as dolomite EXPLORATION & DEVELOPMENT
CaMg (CO3)2 or magnesite (MgCO3) mixed with calcite. The exploration & Development details are given in the Such rocks are termed as 'dolomitic' or 'magnesian' Review of "EXPLORATION & DEVELOPMENT" in limestone. Limestones altered by dynamic or contact "GENERAL REVIEWS". metamorphism become coarsely crystalline and are referred to as 'marbles' and 'crystalline limestones'. Other PRODUCTION AND STOCKS common varieties of limestones are 'marl', 'oolite' (oolitic Limestone limestone), shelly limestone, algal limestone, coral The production of limestone in 2016-17 at 313.2 limestone, pisolitic limestone, crinoidal limestone, million tonnes increased by about 2% as compared to travertine, onyx, hydraulic limestone, lithographic that of the previous year. limestone, etc. However, the limestone which is used by industries in bulk quantity is a bedded type There were 771 reporting mines in 2016-17 as against 807 during the previous year. Twenty seven mines each sedimentary limestone. producing more than 3 million tonnes per annum Other calcareous material used by industry are contributed 42% of the total production of limestone in 'limeshell', the thick calcareous shells of molluscs 2016-17. The share of 15 mines each in the production deposited in the form of beds as well as present in ancient range of 2 to 3 million tonnes was 11% of the total lakes and shallow seas. "Marl", a lime rich mud which production. 24% of the total production was contains variable amounts of clays and silt. contributed by 54 mines each producing 1 to 2 million A limestone rock which separates well along tonnes annually. The remaining 23% of the total the stratification into a few centimetres thick production was reported by 673 mines and two associated mines during the year. Twenty five principal slab is termed 'flagstone'. The dimensional limestone is producers contributed about 77% of the total used for building and ornamental stone. production. About 3.3% of the production was reported RESOURCES by public sector mines as against 4% in the previous year. The total reserves/resources of limestone of About 97% of the total production of limestone all categories and grades as per NMI data based on during 2016-17 was of cement grade ,2% of iron & steel UNFC system as on 1.4.2015 have been estimated at grade and the rest 1% consisted of chemical grade. 203,224 million tonnes, of which 16,336 million tonnes Rajasthan was the leading producing state (8%) are placed under reserves category and 1,86,889 accounting for (21%) of the total production of million tonnes (92%) are under remaining resources limestone, followed by Madhya Pradesh & Andhra category. Karnataka is the leading state having 27% of Pradesh (11% each), Chhattisgarh & Karnataka (10% the total resources followed by Andhra Pradesh and each), Gujarat,Tamil Nadu & Telangana (8% each), Rajasthan (12% each), Gujarat (10%), Meghalaya (9%), Maharashtra & Himachal Pradesh (4% each), and the Telangana (8%), Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh (5% remaining 5% was contributed by Meghalaya, Odisha, each) and remaining 12% by other states. Gradewise, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Jharkhand, Jammu & Kashmir, cement grade (Portland) has leading share of about Kerala and Bihar. 70% followed by Unclassified grades (12%) and BF Mine-head closing stocks of limestone at the end grade (7%). Remaining (11%) are different grades of the year 2016-17 was 14.4 million tonnes as against [Table-1(A)]. 12.6 million tonnes in previous year. The total resources of marl of all categories and Average daily labour employment in limestone grades as per NMI data based on UNFC system as on mines in 2016-17 was 20,800 as against 23,987 in the 1.4.2015 have been estimated in Gujarat at 135.56 million previous year (Tables - 2 to 6).
18-2 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS otal T (A+B) Resources (Contd.) 10805262 141754065
(In '000 tonnes) otal (B) T 128670 128670 482796 482796 982832 985538 847872 860588 129716 129986 896737 922289 127828 213222 167182 167182 402075 405477 1290258 1468346 1232618 1235097 1175019 1474788 9627377 3427289 3520844 1169033 1338928 1410827 1443212 4065664 5064898 5073415 5451787 20257514 21257318 23513499 24921828 13659989 14003057 24830740 25114381 128138034 186888998 203224752 ------1 6871 39000 10558 21532 14268 232908 239223 324804 3466741 8014504 6895165 Reconnaissance 2231 89942 128670 433575 901623 506688 724118 490999 747971 167182 223762 Inferred 1228617 5558135 2509307 1245622 1822480 18772852 18666131 11302892 19027097 130787772 - 45 151 49220 39859 62101 27197 49894 906641 485933 268002 122103 711755 240733 Indicated 1053678 1825142 2372558 5092748 22629060 13298490 88338670 Remaining Resources - 1337 4712 7992 1 67926 38210 21110 42227 44217 82112 19590 154644 338670 120738 102098 515719 509245 117000 217708 71 1332250 STD331 STD332 STD333 STD334 Measured 359 4257 6308 3869 13707 49524 11474 44938 79318 77704 11468 340110 706890 tates) - Pre-feasibility 2169 1329 8540 7234 ces of Limestone as on 01.04.2015 21973 91508 53722 26623 STD221 STD222 751825 427410 108139 280089 740140 512977 458258 472 353 821 (By Grades/S 3096 2558 1405 4730 3054 2702 1040 1066 6876 14125 32974 69172 17934 81277 12497 269901 STD211 Feasibility 4870440 4852713 8623172 4282507 3601959 6651670 5069573 2706 otal 2479 3402 (A) 12715 25551 93555 18419 15407 33432 32385 T 999804 277146 159554 120210 178088 167902 299769 165958 378372 126704 113184 601969 169894 283642 343068 139602 569999 999235 1177885 1071824 1408329 16335753 13616030 - 306 930 115 270 273 513 7861 76324 35456 85394 27728 36731 10146 able – 1(A) : Reserves/Resour 145576 385133 T - -- - - Probable Reserves 23 208 182 584 7128 51087 64749 98399 95562 19713 22250 44404 51201 STD121 STD122 152546 101941 ------133 1776 2207 9623 2636 25542 12410 25551 49731 43906 41787 40226 Proved 750236 173244 183933 184411 138164 108746 247462 135571 853518 STD111 1025180 1003483 9438939 3015917 3880897 8373610 1693372 3549049 . mixed otal T tates . & cement mixed . beneficiable) & white) & paper mixed) Gujarat Assam Cement (blendable/ Bihar Chhattisgarh Daman & Diu Arunachal Pradesh Paper B.F Cement (portland Chemical Andhra Pradesh Others S.M.S. & B.F Unclassified S.M.S.,chemical Not-known Cement (white) B.F Cement (portland) S.M.S.(L.D.) S.M.S.(O.H.) S.M.S.(O.H. & L.D. Grade/State By Grades By S All India:
18-3 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS otal T (A+B) Resources 2380 2380 otal 44706 44706 74677 74677 (B) 15732 15732 46053 46053 T 414878 427727 606715 724003 182459 193931 1542760 1542760 1126088 1599997 5389231 6224169 2088214 2642618 1752200 1752200 6886754 9341858 1727264 2121706 2246255 2853310 16159208 17185736 20098465 24366847 52858420 54435419 17478553 17704116 ------37339 11803 32635 939808 207283 269859 3038478 Reconnaissance 2380 52163 35228 33718 598942 354319 745875 361350 Inferred 1191059 3234938 1752569 4045838 1056168 11710694 11365794 14048758 370 2200 2888 2138 15482 22120 40000 31200 26121 50397 164879 234518 Indicated 1005500 2811179 13920771 34952588 Remaining Resources - 7104 4433 4333 6966 21161 10197 28595 142763 113416 921577 596071 761855 464670 1530937 STD331 STD332 STD333 STD334 Measured - 3382 38375 20510 43611 40840 1355522 1572501 --- 77 Pre-feasibility 9008 91872 60429 29486 99882 91350 92843 33440 28110 92020 15507 STD221 STD222 129180 1538090 4529048 825 5035 1425 54863 95008 13529 29265 89572 13220 68457 39289 46200 254912 367799 497136 559903 123106 419938 256187 498590 566011 830331 STD211 Feasibility otal (A) 11472 T 473909 209632 554404 834938 191300 327757 117288 225562 394442 173797 548527 420634 139924 607055 583978 206162 136835 1026529 4268382 2455103 1822 12849 12849 33360 69908 29116 39905 400766 545321 1113795 1576998 - -- Probable Reserves 195 2154 82892 56572 31917 79147 87904 77879 61007 STD121 STD122 933889 863351 1093490 ------88172 11472 Proved 334445 625569 555180443339 209851 461049 135836 255555 816293 424035 143115 STD111 2471143 est Bengal elangana amil Nadu W Uttarakhand T T Uttar Pradesh Sikkim Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Rajasthan Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Meghalaya Nagaland Odisha Madhya Pradesh Haryana Maharashtra Puducherry Manipur able-1(A) (Concld.) T Figures rounded off. Grade/State
18-4 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS otal T (A+B) Resources 135560726 135560726 135560726 (In tonnes) otal (B) T 1704870 1 11704870 11704870 Reconnaissance Inferred Indicated Remaining Resources STD331 STD332 STD333 STD334 Measured tates) ------ces of Marl as on 01.04.2015 Pre-feasibility STD221 STD222 (By Grades/S STD211 1704870 Feasibility 1 11704870 11704870 otal (A) T 123855856 123855856 123855856 able – 1 (B) : Reserves/Resour T Probable Reserves STD121 STD122 4650000 2090000 4650000 2090000 4650000 2090000 15856 Proved STD111 171 1 117115856 117115856 otal T tate Gujarat Unclassified Figures rounded off. By S By Grade All India : Grade/State
18-5 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS Table – 2: Principal Producers of Limestone, Table - 2 (Contd.) 2016-17 Name and address Location of mine of producer Name and address Location of mine State District of producer State District Century Textiles & Chhattisgarh Raipur Ultra Tech Cement Ltd, Andhra Pradesh Kurnool Industries Ltd, Madhya Pradesh Satna ‘B’ Wing,Ahura Centre, Chhattisgarh Raipur Century Bhawan, Maharashtra Chandrapur 2nd Floor, Mahakali Gujarat Amreli Dr. Annie Besant Road, Caves Road, Himachal Pradesh Solan Worli, Mumbai– 400 030, Andheri (E), Karnataka Kalaburagi Maharashtra. Mumbai-400 093, Maharashtra. Madhya Pradesh Neemuch The Ramco Cement Ltd, Andhra Pradesh Krishna Rewa 5th Floor, Karnataka Chitradurga Satna Auras Corporate Centre, Tamil Nadu Ariyalur Sidhi 98, Dr Radhakrishanan Perambalur Maharashtra Salai, Mylapore- 600 004, Thoothukudi Chandrapur Chennai. Virudhunagar Rajasthan Chittorgarh Tamil Nadu Jaipur Nagaur J. K. Lakshmi Cement Ltd, Chhattisgarh Durg Pali JK Puram, Rajasthan Sirohi Tamil Nadu Ariyalur Basantgarh Uttar Pradesh Sonbhadra Pindwara -307 019, Rajasthan. Shree Cement Ltd, Chhattisgarh Raipur Post Box No. 33 Rajasthan Ajmer Dalmia Cement Ltd (Bharat) Andhra Pradesh Kadapa Bangur Nagar, Pali Dalmiapuram, Tamil Nadu Ariyalur Beawar – 305 901, Main Road, Kallakudi Lalgudi, Tiruchirappalli Rajasthan. Tiruchirappalli- 621 651, Tamil Nadu. The ACC Ltd, Chhattisgarh Durg Cement House, 121, Himachal Pradesh Bilaspur Lafarge India Private Ltd, Chhattisgarh JanjgirChampa Maharshi Karve Road, Jharkhand Singhbhum (W) Equinox Business Park Raipur Mumbai – 400 020, Karnataka Kalaburagi Tower-3, East Wing 4th Rajasthan Chittorgarh Maharashtra. Madhya Pradesh Katni Floor, Off Bandra Kurla Maharashtra Yavatmal Complex, LBS Road, Rajasthan Bundi Kurla-West, Tamil Nadu Coimbatore Mumbai-400 070,Maharashtra. Odisha Bargarh Jaiprakash Associates Andhra Pradesh Krishna Ambuja Cement Ltd, Chhattisgarh Baloda Bazar Ltd, Sector – 128, Gujarat Kutch Elegant Business Park, Raipur Noida – 201 304, Madhya Pradesh Rewa MIDC Cross Road B Gujarat Junagadh Gautam Buddha Nagar Off Andheri Kurla Road, Himachal Pradesh Solan Uttar Pradesh. Andheri-(East), Maharashtra Chandrapur Mumbai - 400 059 Rajasthan Pali Kesoram Industries Ltd, Telangana Karimnagar Maharashtra 9/1, R. N. Mukherjee Road, Karnataka Kalaburagi 8th Floor,Kolkata – 700 001, J. K. Cement Limited, Rajasthan Chittorgarh West Bengal. Kamla Tower, Nagaur Kanpur-208 001, Karnataka Bagalkot Chettinad Cement Corp. Ltd,Tamil Nadu Ariyalur Uttar Pradesh. 4th Floor, Rani Seethai Dindigul Hall Building, Karur The India Cement Ltd, Andhra Pradesh Kadapa 603, Anna Salai, Perambalur Coromandel Towers, Telangana Nalgonda Chennai – 600 006, Karnataka Kalaburagi 93, Santhome High Road, Ranga- Tamil Nadu. Karpagam Avenue, Reddy Raja Annamalai Puram, Tamil Nadu Ariyalur Birla Corporation Ltd, Madhya Pradesh Satna Chennai – 600 028, Perambalur Birla Building, 9/1 Rajasthan Chittorgarh Tamil Nadu. Salem R. N. Mukherjee Road, Namakkal Kolkata – 700 001,West Bengal. (Contd.) (Contd.)
18-6 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS
Table - 2 (Contd.) Table - 2 (Concld.) Name and address Location of mine Name and address Location of mine of producer of producer State District State District
Zuari Cement Ltd, Andhra Pradesh Kadapa OCL India Ltd, Odisha Sundergarh Krishna Nagar, Telangana Nalgonda Rajgangpur Cement Works, Rajgangpur Yerraguntla-516 311, Odisha-770 017 Andhra Pradesh. Heidelberg Cement India Madhya Pradesh Damoh Wonder Cement Ltd, Rajasthan Chittorgarh Limited, Karnataka Tumakuru R.K.Nagar, 9th Floor, Infinity Tower C, Nimbahera,-301 601,Rajasthan DLF Cyber City, Phase-II Prism Cement Ltd, Andhra Pradesh Gurgaon-122 002, Kurnool Haryana. 305, Laxmi Niwas Madhya Pradesh Satna Penna Cement Industries Ltd, Andhra Pradesh Anantapur Apartments, Lakshmi Nivas Kurnool Ameerpeth, Plot No.-705, Road No.- 03, Telangana Nalgonda Hyderabad-500 016, Banjara Hills, Andhra Pradesh. Hyderabad-500 034, Andhra Pradesh. Binani Cement Ltd, Rajasthan Sirohi 37/2,Chinar Park Sanghi Industries Ltd, Gujarat Kachchh New Town, Rajarhat 10th Floor, Kataria Arcade, Main Road, P.O. Hatiara Opp.S.G. Highway, Kolkata-700 157 P.O. Makaraba, West Bengal Ahmedabad-380 051, Gujarat. A.P. Mineral Dev. Telangana Adilabad Bharti Cements Corporation Andhra Pradesh Kadapa Corpn. Ltd; 3rd Floor Limited, Rear Block, HMWSSB, 8-2-626, Reliance Premises, Khairatabad, Majestic,Road No-10 Hyderabad – 500 004, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad-500 034 , Andhra Pradesh. Andhra Pradesh.
18-7 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS Table – 3 : Production of Limestone, 2014-15 to 2016 -17 (By States) (Qty in '000 tonnes; Value in `'000)
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 (P) State Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value India 293273 58000375 307001 68673970 313196 66883775 Andhra Pradesh 34676 6145183 32579 6556564 35251 7077680 Assam 665 172962 777 230415 1594 444051 Bihar 473 119709 459 172141 190 61867 Chhattisgarh 23588 5095514 27667 7013331 31919 7889042 Gujarat 26010 4041937 25622 4370924 24923 4330213 Himachal Pradesh 12710 1969904 12390 2180979 11009 2055194 Jammu & Kashmir 130 17986 1232 395375 825 261235 Jharkhand 792 355281 1076 509938 1146 552197 Karnataka 24008 3782551 27062 4325671 29784 5057615 Kerala 511 271081 487 353323 376 217852 Madhya Pradesh 39530 7024166 39430 8868182 35843 6421422 Maharashtra 12085 2338475 13036 2842122 12119 2400796 Meghalaya 3691 2399582 3834 2622258 5103 3006804 Odisha 3409 1189212 4532 1489611 4751 1599859 Rajasthan 61844 12515775 67336 15253871 67078 14528213 Tamil Nadu 22227 5989520 23008 6623612 23840 6087154 Telangana 23972 4043053 23878 4437332 24789 4479942 Uttar Pradesh 2952 528484 2596 428321 2656 412639
Table – 4 : Production of Limestone, 2015-16 and 2016-17 (By Frequency Groups)
Production group No. of mines Production for the group Percentage in total Cumulative (In tonnes) ('000 tonnes) production percentage
2015-16 2016-17(P) 2015-16 2016-17(P) 2015-16 2016-17(P) 2015-16 2016-17(P) All Groups 807(1) 771(2) 307001 313196 100.00 100.00 -- Up to 10000 335 289(1) 869 662 0.28 0.21 0.28 0.21 10001 - 50000 139(1) 154(1) 3733 4115 1.22 1.31 1.50 1.52 50001 - 100000 65 72 4730 5192 1.54 1.66 3.04 3.18 100001 - 200000 65 53 9638 7545 3.14 2.41 6.18 5.59 200001 - 300000 27 27 6836 6748 2.23 2.15 8.41 7.74 300001 - 400000 22 20 7530 7094 2.45 2.27 10.86 10.01 400001 - 500000 14 15 6447 6748 2.10 2.15 12.96 12.16 500001 - 600000 15 9 8358 4992 2.72 1.59 15.68 13.75 600001 - 700000 8 6 5078 3822 1.65 1.22 17.33 14.97 700001 - 800000 9 7 6729 5375 2.19 1.72 19.52 16.69 800001 - 900000 8 16 6771 13518 2.21 4.32 21.73 21.01 900001 - 1000000 13 7 12427 6586 4.05 2.10 25.78 23.11 1000001 - 2000000 48 54 67514 74975 21.99 23.94 47.77 47.05 2000001 -3000000 13 15 30880 34639 10.06 11.06 57.83 58.11 3000001 & above 26 27 129461 131185 42.17 41.89 100.00 100.00
(): Figures in parentheses indicate associated mine of limestone with chalk,dolomite & shale.
18-8 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS 7 25 000) 4135 41517 17638 61867 61867 alue `' 444051 815612 402534 413689 524991 210426 V 2149837 1785791 5747842 1912751 7077680 3190901 1383978 7889042 63692874 66883775 (Contd.) otal T alue in V ++ 12 ++ 46 105 190 190 1594 4577 5635 1489 2331 2042 1091 5177 Qty 11268 23551 11440 35251 10483 31919 302713 313196 - - - - Others ------26 26 (Qty in '000 tonnes; Chem. - 2016-17 (P) ------54 ++ 268 143 348 813 281 281 3048 3815 6596 3815 Steel Grades Iron & ++ 12 ++ 46 105 190 190 1594 4408 5287 1489 2277 2042 6935 3548 1091 4896 11000 23551 11440 34412 31638 295850 302785 Cement 3 1 1 6 2 1 1 1 9 2 2 1 28 15 11 19 12 72 27 66 31 mines No. of 744(2) 771(2) 11 24 2388 2233 alue 64207 17669 V 230415 735656 237928 166208 172141 684648 902781 172141 2180942 1774654 5403577 1627384 6556564 4468997 7013331 64204973 68673970 otal T 8 ++ ++ 51 15 tates/Districts/Grades) 777 171 606 459 459 4216 6169 9319 1522 1967 3197 Qty 11353 22429 32579 12222 27667 294779 307001 - - - - Others oduction of Limestone, 2015-16 & 2016 -17 (By Sectors/S ------136 Chem. 2015-16 able –5 : Pr T ------4 2 65 ++ 229 355 655 136 305 305 Steel 2705 3859 7140 3859 Iron & Grades ++ ++ 51 15 777 171 606 459 459 5814 4076 1457 9317 7787 4435 1967 2892 11124 22429 31788 27362 Cement 288215 296002 3 1 1 2 7 1 1 8 1 2 9 1 3 35 11 11 23 12 26 76 28 68 mines No.of 781(1) 807(1) Anglong Karbi Kurnool Krishna Rajnandgaon Guntur Raipur North Cachar Hills Anantapur Cuddapah Private sector Raigarh Public sector Kabirdham Janjgir-Champa Bastar Durg Rohtas Baloda bazar Assam Bihar India Andhra Pradesh
Chhattisgarh State/District
18-9 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS 7591 alue 93183 68690 22083 43985 40640 97036 168052 552197 261235 966576 544401 342109 552197 962409 V 1168684 2055194 1043595 1287974 3627292 5057615 1219957 4330213 (Contd.) otal T -- 68 32 86 146 345 480 201 825 252 520 1 1009 3840 3334 1132 6543 7154 4765 1146 8164 4993 Qty 1 24632 29784 24923 ------Others ------10 10 ++ 110 1689 1596 3395 Chem. 2016-17 (P) ------28 32 28 81 239 794 907 Steel Grades Iron & ------68 86 146 480 883 239 797 120 252 410 1 2151 3334 6543 7154 3971 1146 6568 4993 10760 24632 28877 21528 317 Cement ------1 4 3 1 5 8 1 2 1 9 2 5 4 2 10 3* 25 1* 21 18 2* 37 60 53 19 105 mines No. of 419 6921 alue 34615 46541 28784 72732 V 235155 509938 159801 752967 324581 535851 395375 923225 509938 201728 961473 2180979 1320547 3241637 4325671 1105211 1320761 4370924 otal T 1 94 29 672 559 993 127 179 227 1076 3306 3549 1232 7848 3557 7215 1076 8439 1224 5259 Qty 12390 23028 27062 25622 ------Others ------28 ++ 120 1613 1703 3436 Chem. 2015-16 28 ------29 207 797 868 Steel Iron & Grades ------94 85 42 672 559 758 207 179 227 1076 3549 1232 7848 1693 2760 1076 7215 6736 5259 1104 12155 23028 26194 22186 Cement 1 4 1 1 1 6 2 3 1 2 8 8 1 5 7 2 11 12 3* 1* 15 25 2* 18 44 66 56 21 1 mines No.of est) able - 5 (Contd.) Amreli Garhwa Pulwama Palamu Anantnag Bilaspur Sirmaur Solan Chitradurga Tumakuru Porbandar Ranchi Belagavi Kalaburagi Shivamogga Bagalkot Singhbhum (W Kuchchh Junagadh Jamnagar Srinagar Surat T
Jharkhand Jammu & Kashmir
Himachal Pradesh Karnataka Gujarat
State/District
18-10 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS 2714 alue 12251 V 718397 159362 572600 685920 376364 217852 435949 217852 (Contd.) 2288407 1828196 2400796 3006804 3507940 1240922 6421422 otal T 1067362 40332 492165 1599859 9 19 60 376 376 2512 9493 1028 5103 2626 2591 3156 2816 5821 3482 Qty 121 19471 35843 135 754 3862 ------4751 Others ------1 1 67 67 49 49 - - - Chem. 2016-17 (P) ------1 - - - 1 4 9 ++ 145 2334 Steel Grades Iron & - 18 60 376 376 3861 135 754 4750 9492 2445 1028 5036 2626 2591 3152 2816 3596 2176 3482 121 19326 33460 Cement 4(1) 1 6(1) 7 3 4 9 2 1 1 1 9 1 17 13 41 10 10 mines No. of 50(1) 17(1) 1 1 1 3680 alue 15339 V 491722 704006 211055 985128 634455 353323 353323 839318 2842122 2622258 4239161 2138116 2130536 1940046 8868182 1081534 62029 346048 148961 otal T 18 92 487 487 215 3834 2857 1362 1782 2052 4413 6714 4000 3618 Qty 13036 19213 10179 39430 3614
703 4532 ------Others ------1 1 44 44 69 69 - - - - Chem. 2015-16 6 - - 6 ------++ 47 ++ 18 Steel 3086 Iron & Grades - 215 487 487 1362 2857 1782 3790 2008 4413 4000 3624 3021 3618 13035 19166 10178 36275 Cement 3608
703 4526 4 1 1 6 4 9 8 3 8 2 1 1 1 2 17 10 48 13 12 92 mines No.of 41(1) 18(1) 1 avatmal rala able -5 (Contd.) Sidhi Satna Rewa Neemuch Katni Palakkad Jabalpur Dhar Damoh Y Koraput Bargarh Sundergarh T State/District
Odisha
Maharashtra Chandrapur Jaintia Hills Meghalaya Khasi Hills East Ke Madhya Pradesh
18-11 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS 160 4793 4304 15762 80144 alue 412639 412639 290253 235462 424447 314233 178751 666853 526443 101493 485724 256544 348588 602727 929928 232300 225506 889233 248525 V 4040804 6087154 2764580 2443388 4304422 4479942 14528213 otal 2570404 T 18 38 10 457 667 810 435 234 939 907 308 808 2656 2656 2219 2743 1377 2148 2516 2229 1270 4462 1026 Qty 24789 20275 23840 12233 11089 21700 67078 3885 795435 870 500373 16096 3938 613730 ------Others ------1 6 260 260 - - - - Chem. 2016-17 (P) ------9 2 5 9 5 78 19 17 13 24 181 1812 1812 Steel Grades Iron & 18 ++ 658 379 791 418 220 907 915 308 417 808 2656 2656 2217 2743 2134 1117 2516 1270 4462 1026 20275 12233 23653 11089 21700 65006 Cement 24789 870 3938 16096 3885 - 2 2 6 6 2 1 28 5 5 3 4 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 21 29 13 25 14 23 29 12 33 17 37 18 10 34 209 mines No. of 697 8986 9488 alue 66490 V 449540 845127 186269 428321 275184 428321 393762 371629 209586 971563 498918 314429 244605 477984 584876 247765 241732 890341 301409 2522081 4437332 4129197 3081494 6623612 2746189 4602091 1022799 15253871 otal 620584 4 T 2 22 38 511 524 893 415 136 876 857 791 2596 2596 2041 3580 1926 1322 2366 2378 1373 4240 1408 Qty 19921 11225 23008 11443 22056 67336 845 23878 4014 15105 3914 ------Others ------9 20 11 126 126 Chem. 2015-16 ------4 6 2 6 16 13 19 19 20 36 152 - - - - - Steel 1861 1861 Iron & Grades ------38 495 511 887 396 876 107 821 791 505 2596 2596 2037 3580 1909 1196 2378 1373 4240 1408 19921 11443 11206 22836 22056 65349 Cement 845 3914 15105 23878 4014 ------2 2 8 6 1 5 1 4 8 5 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 12 32 14 28 26 13 11 11 38 2* 20 19 10 36 2 4 30 22 223 mines No.of irudhunagar asthan V Ariyalur Ajmer Adilabad able -5 (Concld.) elangana amil Nadu Karimnagar Ranga Reddy Nalgonda Sonbhadra
Tirunelveli Tiruchirappalli Thoothukudi/Tuticorin Perambalur Salem Pali Namakkal Kamarajar Sikar Sirohi Krishnagiri
Coimbatore Madurai Udaipur Dindigul Karur Nagaur Kota Bundi Chittorgarh Jaisalmer Banswara Jaipur
T (++); Negligible Figures in parentheses indicate associated mine of limestone with dolomite and shale. (*) Only labour reported. Uttar Pradesh T T Raj State/District 18-12 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS Table – 6 : Mine-head closing Stocks of Limestone, 2015-16 & 2016-17 (By States/Grades) (In '000 tonnes)
2015-16 2016-17 (P)
State Grades Grades
Cement Iron & Chem. Others Total Cement Iron & Chem. Others Total Steel Steel
India 9643 2132 858 - 12633 11513 1900 981 - 14394 Andhra Pradesh 533 81 10 - 624 599 69 6 - 674 Assam 44 --- 44 37 --- 37 Chhattisgarh 171 20 -- 191 393 15 -- 408 Gujarat 1815 3 767 - 2585 1540 3 878 - 2421 Himachal Pradesh 90 55 -- 145 121 55 -- 176 Jammu & Kashmir 30 --- 30 12 --- 12 Jharkhand 14 163 -- 177 14 163 -- 177 Karnataka 2140 427 -- 2567 3547 393 -- 3940 Kerala 39 --- 39 15 --- 15 Madhya Pradesh 1374 471 27 - 1872 1785 658 30 - 2473 Maharashtra 10 9 ++ - 19 10 6 ++ - 16 Meghalaya 35 - 5 - 40 208 - 10 - 218 Odisha 132 434 -- 566 142 424 -- 566 Rajasthan 1606 245 37 - 1888 1597 - 52 - 1649 Tamil Nadu 486 224 12 - 722 548 114 5 - 667 Telangana 1124 --- 1124 945 --- 945
Limeshell Table – 7 : Principal Producers of Limeshell 2015-16 The production of limeshell at 12,343 tonnes during 2016-17 increased by 19% as compared to Name and address of Location of mine producer the preceding year. State District
There were 7 reporting mines in both the years The Vaikom Limeshell Kerala Kottayam 2016-17 and 2015-16. Four principal producers Co.op Society Ltd, accounted for 95% of the total production during No. 3145, P.O. Pallippurathussery, the year. There were no public sector mines Vaikom-686 606, reporting production in the current year as Distt. Kottayam, Kerala. compared to one mine in the previous year. Karappuram White Limeshell Kerala Alappuzha 68% of the total production of limeshell was Vyavasaya Co-op. Society Ltd, reported from Kerala and remaining 32% from Muhamma,Taluk: Cherthala Karnataka (Table - 7 to 9). Alappuzha-688 525, Kerala. Mine-head closing stocks of limeshell in the year 2016-17 was 2720 tonnes as against 996 Muhamma Clam Marketing Kerala Alappuzha tonnes in the previous year (Table - 10). Society Ltd, Vill. Thanneermukom South, The average daily employment of labour Taluk: Cherthala during the year 2016-17 was 484 as against 534 in Alappuzha-688 525, the previous year. Kerala. (Contd.)
18-13 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS
Table-7 (Contd.) Table-7 (Concld.)
Name and address of Location of mine Name and address of Location of mine producer producer State District State District Viakom TalukWhite Limeshell Kerala Kottayam Suresh P.Pednekar, Karnataka Uttara Kannada Co-op. Society Ltd.,No.K. 357, Gangotri Ashram Road,Karwar, Ambika Market, P.O. Vaikom Distt. Uttara Kannada Distt. Kottayam, Karnataka-581 301 Kerala-686 144.
Table – 8 : Production of Limeshell, 2014-15 to 2016-17 (By States) (Qty in tonnes; Value in `'000)
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 (P) State Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value
India 16353 37137 10353 28613 12343 33588 Karnataka 200 240 1221 1258 4003 6596 Kerala 16123 36867 9132 27355 8340 26992 Tamil Nadu 30 30 ----
Table – 9 : Production of Limeshell, 2015-16 & 2016-17 (By Sectors/States/Districts) (Qty in tonnes; Value in `'000)
2015-16 2016-17 (P) State/District
No. of mines Quantity Value No. of mines Quantity Value
India 7 10353 28613 7 12343 33588 Public sector ------Private sector 7 10353 28613 7 12343 33588 Karnataka 2 1221 1258 2 4003 6596 Uttara Kannada 2 1221 1258 2 4003 6596 Kerala 4 9132 27355 4 8340 26992 Alappuzha 2 4915 15126 2 4973 16139 Kottayam 2 4217 12229 2 3367 10853 Tamil Nadu 1* -- 1* -- Cuddalore 1 -- 1 -- (*) Only labour reported
Table – 10 : Mine-head Closing Stocks of Limeshell, 2015-16 & 2016-17 (By States) (In tonnes)
State 2015-16 2016-17 (P)
India 996 2720 Karnataka 804 2635 Kerala 168 60 Tamil Nadu 24 25
(P) :Provisional
18-14 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS Marl 2016-17 as against same during the previous year. Production of marl during 2016-17 was The entire production was reported by private sector 2,204 thousand tonnes as compared to 2,390 mines from Gujarat State. (Tables-11 to 13) thousand tonnes in the preceding year. The entire Mine-head stock of marl at the end of 2016-17 production of marl was reported as associate mineral was 1,321 thousand tonnes as against 1,227 with limestone in both the years. There were five thousand tonnes at the begining of the year associate mines reporting production of Marl during (Table - 14).
Table – 11: Principal Producers of Marl, 2015-16 (P)
Location of mine Name and address of producer State District *Ultratech Cement Ltd, Gujarat Amreli B-Wing, 2nd Floor, Ahura Centre, Mahakali Caves Road, Andheri (E), Mumbai– 400 093. * Ambuja Cement Limited, Gujarat Amreli Elegant Business Park, MIDC, Cross Road B Off Andheri, Kurla Road Andheri East, Mumbai - 400 059. *Gujarat Sidhee Cement Ltd, Gujarat Junagadh N.K.Mehta International House, 178, Backbay Reclamation, Mumbai-400 020. *Saurashtra Cement Ltd, Gujarat Porbandar N.K.Mehta International House, 178, Backbay Reclamation, Mumbai-400 020. * Producing as an associated mineral with Limestone.
Table – 12 : Production of Marl, 2014-15 to 2016-17 (By States) (Qty in tonnes, Value in L'000)
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 (P) State Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value
India 2179488 257598 2389707 319957 2203701 316310 Gujarat 2177449 257030 2389707 319957 2203701 316310 Tamil Nadu 2039 568 ----
Table – 13 : Production of Marl, 2015-16 to 2016-17 (By Sector/States/Districts) (Qty in tonnes; Value in L'000) 2015-16 2016-17 (P) State/District No. of Quantity Value No. of Quantity Value mines mines India/ Private Sector (5) 2389707 319957 (5) 2203701 316310 Gujarat (5) 2389707 319957 (5) 2203701 316310 Amreli (2) 1692416 267451 (2) 1606109 269546 Junagadh (2) 169814 17693 (2) 68905 9695 Porbandar (1) 527477 34813 (1) 528687 37069 Figures in parentheses indicate associated mines with limestone.
18-15 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS
Table – 14 : Mine-head Stocks of Marl, 2016-17 (P) (By States) (Qty in tonnes) State At the begining of the year At the end of the year India 1226957 1321040 Gujarat 1013979 1108242 Tamil Nadu 212978 212798
MINING & MARKETING Limestone produced in Himachal Pradesh is supplied to cement plants, paper industry, sugar mills In India, limestone mines are worked by opencast and lime kilns. The production from Bilaspur district method. Captive mines are mechanised and supply is despatched to fertilizer unit of National Fertilizers feed to cement and iron & steel units. Some mines Ltd, (NFL) at Naya Nangal. have well laid road-cum-rail routes. The large mines Limestone produced in Jammu & Kashmir is are developed by forming benches in overburden suitable for cement manufacturing. and limestone bed. The face length, width and height of the benches correspond to the mining machinery In Karnataka, limestone is supplied generally to deployed and production schedule. Heavy earth- paper mills and cement plants. However, limestone moving machinery like 3.3 to 4 cu m capacity of Kalaburagi district, commonly known as 'Shahabad hydraulic excavators in combination with 10-35 stones', is used as flag stone or flooring stones. tonnes dumpers are normally used. Other mines are Limestone from Madhya Pradesh is used in mainly worked by semi-mechanised and manual cement, sugar, paper, steel and lime industries. opencast mining methods. As per MCDR reports In Maharashtra, apart from cement and sugar drilling is done by Jack hammer & Wagon drill and industries, limestone is used in Ferro-manganese blasting is done by ANFO,Slurry explosives, Industry as flux and also in Tanning Industry. imulsion explosives etc. Limestone mined in Rajasthan is consumed in Limestone production from Kurnool, Andhra captive cement plants on a large scale. Limestone of Pradesh and from Adilabad in Telangana are used in Nagaur district is utilised as feed for white cement paper mills, sugar, cement and steel plants. Tile, plants as well as in steel plants as low silica SMS mossaic, chip and polished stonemakers also use grade flux and in Chemical Industry. Crystalline limestone. limestone of Rajasthan is widely known as a Limestone produced in Bihar is supplied mainly decorative ornamental stone. The limestone worked to cement plants, foundries and lime kiln units. in Bundi district and Raghunathgarh in Jaipur district In Raipur and Durg districts of Chhattisgarh, the is an excellent flagstone, for use as a paving stone. limestone produced is suitable for Iron & Steel The limestone produced in Dehradun-Garhwal Industry. The Bhilai Steel Plant obtains its areas of Uttarakhand used to be supplied to Sugar, requirements of limestone from Nandini mines in Paper, Steel, Glass, Chemical and Cement Industries Durg district. The cement grade limestone is also in the past. produced in the region and there is large cluster of Limestone in Tamil Nadu is consumed by various cement plants in and around Raipur. industries like Cement, Steel, Paper, Foundry, Fertilizer Limestone produced in Gujarat is consumed and Chemicals. mainly in cement and chemical industries and also Limeshell from Kerala is used mainly in Chemical, in textile, foundries and steel plants. The dolomitic Cement and White cement Industries. It is also limestone in Gujarat is used for making slabs and used in the manufacture of polyfibre and in Tanning tiles. industry.
18-16 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS USES This when slaked with water and mixed with sand, forms mortar or plaster. Commonly, the commercial Limestone used for industrial purpose falls lime is prepared as dry hydrated lime Ca(OH) by under 'major mineral', while the use of limestone in 2 adding to quicklime the right amount of water (18 lime kilns and for building purposes comes under parts to 56 parts of CaO). The value of lime for most 'minor mineral' as per Mines and Minerals purposes depends upon its CaO (or CaO + MgO) (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957. content. The threshold value of limestone has been The manufacture of metallic calcium is one of revised by IBM, through a Notification in 2009, as the latest uses of lime. Calcium is used in reducing follows: organic compounds, desulphurising petroleum, (i) For limestone deposits in Chhattisgarh, debismuthising lead production of hard lead alloys Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and calcium-silicon alloys, and in the manufacture Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand & Uttar of calcium hydride which is further used as an Pradesh - CaO - 34% (min), MgO - 4% (max). efficient hydrogen carrier. Limeshell is used mainly in Chemical and White (ii) For limestone deposits of Andhra Pradesh, Cement Industries. It is also used in the manufacture Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha & Tamil Nadu of Polyfibre and in Tanning industry. Marl is used - CaO - 35% (min), MgO - 4% (max), SiO - 18% (max) 2 as lithographic stone. & Alkalies - 0.5% (max). SPECIFICATIONS The principal use of limestone is in the Cement Industry. Other important uses are as raw material for Cement Industry the manufacture of quicklime (Calcium Oxide), slaked Cement is a binder, a substance used in lime (Calcium hydroxide) and mortar. Pulverised construction that sets, hardens and adheres to other limestone is used as a soil conditioner to neutralise materials. Cement used in construction are usually acidic soils (agricultural lime). It is used in sculptures inorganic, often lime or calcium silicate based. because of its suitability for carving. It is often found Magnesia, sulphur and phosphorus are regarded as in medicines and cosmetics. In some circumstances, deleterious elements. Limestone should have less limestone is used for glass making. As a reagent in than 3% magnesium oxide (MgO), maximum tolerance fuel-gas desulphurisation, it reacts with sulphur being 5 percent. The presence of P as P2O5 more dioxide for air pollution control. It can supress methane than 1% considerably slows down the setting time explosions in underground coal mines. It is added to of Portland Cement. Indian cement manufacturers toothpaste, paper, plastic, paint, tiles and other prescribed that the limestone should have CaO 42% materials as both white pigment and cheap filler. In (min), Al2O3 1 to 2%, Fe2O3 1 to 2%, SiO2 12 to 16% blast furnaces, limestone binds with sillica and other and MgO 4% (max). The broad chemical impurities to remove them from the iron. specifications of cement grade limestone (r.o.m.) for Lime is prepared by heating limestone in kilns cement manufacture suggested by the National O up to 1000 C. The CO2 released is effluxed and Council for Cement and Building Materials, New 'quicklime' (CaO) formed remains as hard white lumps. Delhi, are given in Table-15.
18-17 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS Table – 15 : Broad Chemical Specifications of Good fluxing limestone should naturally be low in Cement Grade (Run-of-Mine) Limestone acid constituents like silica, alumina, sulphur and (Clause 6.1.1) phosphorus. Limestone should be dense, massive,
Oxide component/ Acceptable range for Limiting values preferably fine-grained, compact and non-fritting Other manufacture of taking into con- on burning. Constituents Ordinary Portland sideration other Cement (33, 43 & 53 types of cements, BIS has prescribed specifications for Grade) scope of (percent) beneficiation flux grade limestone for use in steel plants as per and blending IS : 10345 - 2004 (Second Revision; Reaffirmed (percent) 2009). CaO 44-52 40 (min) MgO 3.5 (max.) 5.0 (max) Glass Industry Glass Industry requires high calcium SiO2 To satisfy LSF, silica –
limestone (94.5% CaCO3) and 97.5% of combined Al2O3 Modules and alumina – CaCO3 and MgCO3. Iron and other colouring Fe2O3 Modules – matters are regarded as objectionable and Fe2O3 TiO <0.5 <1.0 2 should be up to 0.20% (max). For colourless glass,
Mn2O3 <0.5 <1.0 limestone should contain 98.5% CaCO3 (min), iron R O (Na O + K O) <0.6 <1.0 2 2 2 content as Fe2O3 should not be more than 0.04%; Total S as SO <0.6 <0.8 3 and for bottle glass, Fe2O3 up to 0.05% is used. The BIS specifications (IS : 997 - 1973); First P2O5 <0.6 <1.0 Cl <0.015 <0.05 Amendment, (Reaffirmed Feb.2013) for limestone for use in Glass Industry are as follows: Free silica <8.0 <10.0 Silica as SiO 2.5% Source: Report on Norm for limestone deposits for cement 2 manufacture by National Council for Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi, May 2001. Total iron (Fe2O3) a) Calcite or marble 0.05% Iron & Steel Industry b) Limestone 0.10% In Iron & Steel Industry, limestone is used both in blast furnace and steel melting shop as a c) Dolomitic limestone or dolomite 0.15% flux after calcining. It is also added as flux in Lime (as CaO) 53.0% self-fluxing iron ore sinters. It has two basic Total lime and magnesia 54.50% functions in steel making, first to lower the (as CaO + MgO) temperature of melting and second, to form calcium silicate which comes out as a slag, as it combines Chemical Industry with silica in iron ore. The calcium carbide manufacturers generally For use in the blast furnace, the calcium prefer lime containing 95% CaO (min) with limitations of not more than 3% SiO , not more than 0.95% carbonate (CaCO ) content in limestone should 2 3 phosphorus and other impurities not exceeding more not be usually less than 90 percent. The combined than 2%. For the manufacture of bleaching powder,
SiO2 and Al2O3 should not exceed 6% though up lime containing 95% and above CaO is required. Total to 11.5% is allowed; MgO should be within 4% Fe2O3 +Al2O3+MnO2 should be less than 2%; MgO should be below 2% and SiO less than 1.5%. and sulphur and phosphorus as low as possible. 2 Bleaching powder is prepared by absorption of In Steel Melting Shop (SMS), insolubles in chlorine by dry hydrated lime. The hydrated lime limestone should not exceed more than 4 percent. should not contain more than 2% excess water. Iron
18-18 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS and manganese oxides lead to unsuitability of the but low in iron, alumina and silica. Magnesia should product and iron oxides tend to discolour the be less than one percent. Excess silica is undesirable bleached material. Magnesia renders the because it separates as a gelatinous precipitate which bleaching powder hygroscopic. Silica and clay covers the sugar crystals and retards their growth impede solution and settling of bleaching powder. and filteration. Magnesia is objectionable because magnesium carbonate is soluble in sugar juice. BIS has prescribed specification for limestone Presence of iron tends to colour the finished product. for use in chemical industry as per IS: 3204:1978 (First revision.Feb, 2009). Fertilizer Industry The BIS specifications of limestone for Limestone is used only as carrier in the chemical industries are furnished in Table-16. manufacture of calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer. Sugar Industry For this purpose, limestone should contain MgCO3+CaCO3 85% (min), SiO2 5% (max) and acid In Sugar Industry, lime is used for clarification insolubles 14% (max). of cane and beet juice, viz, removing the impurities from the juice and also for precipitating sugar from Foundry Industry impurities. Milk of lime 1% in volume of cane juice is The chemical requirements of limestone for added to pre-heated juice. Limestone used in Sugar use in foundries as per BIS specification Industry must be high in active lime (CaO 80% min), (IS : 4140 -1978); has been withdrawn.
Table – 16 : Specifications of Limestone for Chemical Industry (Bleaching Powder, Caustic Soda, Calcium Carbide and Sugar Industries) (IS : 3204 - 1978; First Revision, Reaffirmed 2013)
Requirement in percent by mass for Characteristics Bleaching Caustic Calcium Sugar powder soda carbide
Loss on ignition 46.00 46.00 46.00 44.00
SiO2 (max) 0.75 – 1.00 2.00
Fe2O3 (max) 0.15 – 0.25 –
CaO (min) 54.00 53.00 54.00 50.00
MgO (max) 2.00 1.00 0.80 1.00
Mn2O3 (min) 0.06 –––
CO2 (min) 42.00 42.00 42.00 41.00
S (max) –– 0.10 –
P (max) –– 0.01 –
Al2O3+Fe2O3 (max) –– 0.50 1.50
SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 (max) – 3.00 ––
18-19 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS
INDUSTRY & CONSUMPTION million tonnes in 2015-16 registering a growth of about 6.52% over the preceding year. India was the second largest cement producing In 2016-17, the total cosumption of limestone, country in the world after China. There were 210 as reported by different industries was 242.45 million large cement plants having an installed capacity of tonnes. Cement was the major consuming industry 410 million tonnes in 2015-16 in addition to more accounting for 92% consumption, followed by iron than 350 mini cement plants having estimated & steel (5%) and chemical (2%). The remaining capacity of around 11.10 million tonnes per annum. consumption was reported by aluminium, alloy steel, The total installed capacity of cement in 2015-16 was sugar, paper, fertilizer, glass, metallurgy, foundry, thus about 421.10 million tpy against 356 million tpy etc. Consumption of limestone from 2014-15 to in the preceding year. Besides, there are three white 2016-17 is given in Tables - 17(A). Information on cement plants having a total 990,000 tpy capacity. consumption of limestone in Iron & Steel industry The total production of cement reached 283.45 by principal plants is given in Table - 17 (B).
Table - 17 (A) : Consumption* of Limestone, 2014-15 to 2016-17 (By Industries) (In tonnes)
Industry 2014-15 2015-16 (R) 2016-17 (P)
All Industries 266432500 294263400 242459100
Aluminium/Alumina 213200 375500 176800
Alloy steel 44100 75200 33600
Cement 248500800 276329400 223110700
Chemical 4649800 4887700 5013100
Fertilizer 700 2200 1500
Ferro alloys 1700 5600 10600
Foundry 500 500 700
Glass 76400 93800 68000
Iron & Steel 11482700 11064200 12636500
Metallurgy 22600 3500 48100
Paper 5200 5200 -
Sugar (e) 993100 918800 717400
Others** 441700 501800 642100
Figures rounded off. * Includes actual reported consumption and/or estimates made wherever required and due to paucity of data, coverage may not be complete. Where the apparent consumption of limestone was 249521600 tonnes by the year 2016-17. ** Include, Calcination,ceramic,electode,refractory,sponge iron & thermal power.
18-20 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS
Table – 17 (B) : Consumption* of Limestone in Iron & Steel Industry, 2013-14 to 2015-16 (By Principal Plants) (In tonnes)
Plant 2013-14 2014-15 (R) 2015-16 (R)
Bhilai Steel Plant NA 1310662 1448069 Bokaro Steel Plant 870034 806394 761925 Durgapur Steel Plant 566832 547518 464579 IISCO Steel Plant 26763 116159 NA Rourkela Steel Plant 762313 921641 862154 Visvesvaraya Iron & Steel Plant 6021 22889 NA Visakhapatnam Steel Plant 6021 NA NA JSW Steel Ltd 74307@ 65164@ 59849 @ Tata Steel Ltd 2823939 2862638 2947033 IDCOL, Kalinga Iron Works Ltd 3514 1419 NIL Tata Metallics Limited 84811 81761 58102 Kirloskar Ferrous Industry Ltd NA 49365 41062 KIOCL Ltd 51553 21485 1863 VISA Steel Plant NA 6401 13082 Neelachal Ispat Nigam Ltd NA 84722 82230 Jayaswal Neco Industries Ltd 96779 95520 76917 Sunflag Iron & Steel Co.Ltd 25667 25667 30566
* Includes actual reported consumption and/or estimates made wherever required and due to paucity of data, coverage may not be complete. @ Salem plant FOREIGN TRADE year, mainly to Bangladesh (38%) , Oman (16%), UAE (13%), China (12%) and Equatorial Guinea (6%) Exports (Tables- 18 to 22). In 2016-17 export of limestone was 4.29 million Imports tonnes. Limestone was mainly exported to In 2016-17 import of limestone was 17.8 million Bangladesh (97.62%) & UK (1.19%). As per the tonnes. Limestone was mainly imported from UAE foreign trade policy 2015-20,the exports of limestone, (80.25%), Oman (12.44%), Malayasia (2.47%) ,Vietnam lime kankar, lime shell and chalk are free. Exports of (1.79%) & Iran (1.76%). As per the foreign trade policy limestone decreased slightly to 3.23 million tonnes in 2015-16 from 3.81 million tonnes in the previous 2015-20, the import of limestone, lime kankar, lime shell year. Limestone in bulk was exported mainly to and chalk are free. Imports of limestone increased to Bangladesh (95%), UK (2%) & Bhutan (1% ). During 17.18 million tonnes in 2015-16 from 13.94 million the same period, exports of chalk also decreased tonnes in the previous year. Imports of chalk in marginally to 481 tonnes from 490 tonnes in the 2015-16 drastically decreased to 6,174 tonnes as previous year. Chalk was exported mainly to Nepal against 26,734 tonnes in the previous year. Limestone (81%), Bangladesh (6%), Bhutan (4%) and Egypt was imported mainly from UAE (74%) & Oman (17%), (2%). while chalk was imported mainly from Vietnam (96%) Exports of bleaching powder were at 16,562 & France (2%) besides other countries. tonnes in 2015-16 as compared to 16,976 tonnes in Imports of calcium carbide decreased drastically the previous year. Bleaching powder was exported to 61,936 tonnes in 2015-16 from 78,331 tonnes in the mainly to Bangladesh (55%), Sri Lanka & USA (9% previous year. Calcium carbide was imported mainly each) , Nepal (7%), Algeria (5%) and Kenya (3%) from China (59%), Bhutan (32%) and South Africa besides other countries. (8%). The imports of bleaching powder was not In 2015-16, about 371 tonnes of calcium carbide available for both current and previous years was exported as against 412 tonnes in the previous (Tables- 23 to 27).
18-21 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS Table – 18 : Exports of Limestone in 2016-17 (By Countries)
2016-17 (P) Country Qty Value (t) (`'000)
All Countries 4293116 4719325
Bangladesh 4190905 3593453
UK 51215 502863
Ireland 6167 66992
France 5366 63735
Belgium 4969 50469
Bhutan 4856 40887
Canada 4046 47841
USA 3556 74081
Italy 2907 35680
Netherlands 2536 29383
Japan 2317 30055
Other Countries 14276 183886
Table – 19 : Exports of Limestone (By Countries)
2014-15 2015-16 (P) Country Qty Value Qty Value (t) (`'000) (t) (`'000)
All Countries 3812759 4671971 3236010 4694273
Bangladesh 3684066 3542496 3063174 2929791
UK 35929 351812 71891 751802
Bhutan 28510 177263 27482 215400
USA 4036 65859 6015 185042
Ireland 6869 59323 8168 79831
Belgium 6024 64558 6302 67549
France 4329 41332 6317 64978
Nepal 16134 67352 16342 46285
Korea, Rep. of 1837 21276 3233 41791
Japan 2489 32522 2094 34473
Other countries 22536 248178 24992 277331
18-22 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS Table – 20 : Exports of Chalk (By Countries)
2014-15 2015-16 (P) Country Qty Value Qty Value (t) (`'000) (t) (`'000)
All Countries 490 2978 481 3816
Nepal 358 1211 391 2438
Bhutan -- 19 273
Kenya ++ 8 1 207
Oman 25 239 2 198
Bangladesh -- 27 166
Egypt 23 193 12 127
UAE 1 4 1 119
Malaysia 1 71 1 71
USA ++ 1 10 42
South Africa 21 114 6 41
Other countries 61 1137 11 134
Table – 21 : Exports of Bleaching Powder Table – 22 : Exports of Calcium Carbide (By Countries) (By Countries)
2014-15 2015-16 (P) 2014-15 2015-16 (P) Country Country Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value (t) (`'000) (t) (`'000) (t) (`'000) (t) (`'000)
All Countries 16976 667839 16562 568546 All Countries 412 22973 371 20636
Bangladesh 7408 144042 9171 179733 Bangladesh 153 9207 144 9266
USA 1349 99799 1437 122858 Oman 1 106 60 3233 Algeria 1938 117835 786 52866 UAE 233 12022 48 2484 Sri Lanka 825 25480 1493 44695 Nepal ++ 242 34 1854 Kenya 308 24620 416 33723 China -- -- 45 1561 Iran -- 254 16456 Equatorial Guinea -- -- 24 1289 Nepal 1336 15757 1220 15551 Suriname -- -- 16 942 Madagascar 536 36656 208 14407
Mauritius 322 21534 168 11556 Qatar -- -- ++ 6
Angola 126 7951 168 10366 Djibouti 24 1370 -- --
Other countries 2828 174165 1241 66335 Kenya 1 26 ++ 1
18-23 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS
Table – 23 : Imports of Limestone (By Countries)
2016-17 (P) Country Qty Value (t) (`'000)
All Countries 17802681 21279930
UAE 14285990 15656057
Oman 2214165 28318
Malaysia 440307 1516933
Vietnam 319128 522362
Iran 313801 351265
Bhutan 14023 31882
Egypt 17442 77572
Indonesia 51132 49518
Philippines 42003 62758
Pakistan 29314 68485
Thailand 18250 25459
Other countries 57126 2889331
Table – 24 : Imports of Limestone (By Countries)
2014-15 2015-16 (P) Country Qty Value Qty Value (t) (`'000) (t) (`'000)
All Countries 13943781 22138585 17187164 23772767
UAE 10610965 14066632 12722921 14391609
Oman 2132145 2984367 2981700 3901617
Malaysia 499560 2136958 572171 2321059
Vietnam 262582 1667673 278773 1565974
Thailand 199747 485422 173279 581347
Indonesia 32306 35845 155655 331559
Egypt 26289 134100 17504 88441
Philippines 60900 109042 44000 73381
Australia 21094 158227 50976 71266
Unspecified -- 7695 69279
Other countries 98193 360319 182490 377235
18-24 LIMESTONE AND OTHER CALCAREOUS MATERIALS
Table –25 : Imports of Chalk (By Countries) Table – 27 : Imports of Bleaching Powder (By Countries)
2014-15 2015-16 (P) 2014-15 2015-16 (P) Country Country Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value ` ` (t) ( '000) (t) ( '000) (t) (L'000) (t) (L'000)
All Countries 26734 47715 6174 46310 All Countries ++ 55 ++ 3 Vietnam 6516 39250 5943 38276 UK ++ 2 ++ 2 France 20106 2194 106 2656 Sri Lanka -- 15 1406 Germany ++ 7 ++ 1
Denmark 20 403 36 1263 USA ++ 46 - - China 53 3268 53 1024 Other countries - --- Italy 15 1171 12 924 Japan 7 329 2 319 UK 2 205 3 250 FUTURE OUTLOOK Germany 7 688 4 184 India has huge resources of limestone Chinese Taipei/Taiwan 8 185 ++ 8 distributed over different parts of the country. It is Other countries ++ 22 -- -- comfortably placed in terms of annual capacity and production of cement. Cement-grade limestone Table – 26: Imports of Calcium Carbide occurs in all the limestone-bearing areas, while SMS, (By Countries) BF and chemical-grade limestones occur in selective areas. Concerted efforts to locate SMS and BF grade 2014-15 2015-16 (P) limestone along with cement- grade limestone are Country Qty Value Qty Value imperative to meet the growing demand. (t) (L'000) (t) (L'000) As per the Report of the Working Group, All Countries 78331 3152508 61936 2542902 formerly Planning Commission of India, the total China 46136 1727767 36252 1409268 limestone requirement during 12th Plan (2012-2017) Bhutan 19509 901180 20055 869578 with growth scenario of cement @ 10%, 11% and South Africa 4157 173891 4687 207983 12% for the respective GDP growth of 8%, 9% and Russia -- 672 45161 10% is projected at 3,163 million tonnes, 3,253 million Malaysia -- 205 9324 tonnes and 3,385 million tonnes, respectively. Hong Kong -- 23 887 As per the GOI's new policy of allotment of Indonesia 8526 349513 42 698 mining blocks through auctioning, upto 01.11.2017, Germany ++ 16 ++ 3 total 33 blocks were auctioned. Out of these 33 blocks, 17 blocks were limestone blocks. (3 in Andhra New Zealand 3 83 -- Pradesh, 2 in Jharkhand, 3 in Chhattisgarh,1 in Thailand ++ 51 -- Odisha, 4 in Rajasthan, 3 in Gujarat,1 in Maharashtra) Other countries ++ 7 -- containing 2037.12 million tonnes reserves.
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