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(Stachytarpheta Indica (L.) Vahl.) TERHADAP KADAR ALANN AMINOTRANSFERASE DAN ASPARTAT AMINOTRANSFERASE PADA TIKUS JANTAN GALUR WISTAR TERINDUKSI KARBON TETRAKLORIDA

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(Stachytarpheta Indica (L.) Vahl.) TERHADAP KADAR ALANN AMINOTRANSFERASE DAN ASPARTAT AMINOTRANSFERASE PADA TIKUS JANTAN GALUR WISTAR TERINDUKSI KARBON TETRAKLORIDA PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI EFEK HEPATOPROTEKTIF EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% DAUN JARONG (Stachytarpheta indica (L.) Vahl.) TERHADAP KADAR ALANN AMINOTRANSFERASE DAN ASPARTAT AMINOTRANSFERASE PADA TIKUS JANTAN GALUR WISTAR TERINDUKSI KARBON TETRAKLORIDA Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Farmasi (S.Farm.) Program Studi Farmasi Oleh : Bartolomeus Widiasta NIM : 128114115 FAKULTAS FARMASI UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2016 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN “Everyone makes mistakes. The wise are not people who never make mistake, but those who forgive themselves and learn from their mistake” Ajahn Brahm “Impian haruslah menyala dengan apapun yang kita miliki, meskipun yang kita miliki tidak sempurna, meskipun itu retak-retak” 9 Summers 10 Autumns “Dua hal itu tidak dapat berubah: Allah tidak mungkin berdusta mengenai janji dan sumpah-Nya. Sebab itu, kita yang sudah berlindung pada Allah, diberi dorongan kuat untuk berpegang teguh pada harapan yang terbentang di depan kita” Ibrani 6 : 18 Kupersembahkan karya ini untuk: Tuhan Yesus Kristus yang selalu memberi perlindungan, kekuatan dan penerangan di setiap langkah hidupku Bapak, Ibu, Mb Aning, Mas Anton, Mb Shinta, Mb Nita, Daud, Ria, Kakak Jo Teman dan sahabat-sahabatku Almamaterku iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PRAKATA Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas segala perlindungan dan berkat yang telah diberikan sehingga skripsi berjudul “Efek Hepatoprotektif Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Jarong (Stachytarpheta indica (L.) Vahl.) Terhadap Kadar Alanin Aminotransferase dan Aspartat Aminotransferase pada Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar Terinduksi Karbon Tetraklorida” dapat dikerjakan dengan baik dan lancar. Penulis menyadari bahwa penulisan skripsi ini tidak terlepas dari campur tangan berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu, penulis ingin mengucapkan rasa terima kasih kepada: 1. Ibu Aris Widayati, M.Si., Ph.D., Apt. dan ibu Dra. Sri Hartati Yuliani, Apt. selaku Dekan dan Ketua Program Studi Farmasi Universitas Sanata Dharma. 2. Bapak Prof. Dr. C.J. Soegihardjo, Apt. selaku Dosen Pembimbing Utama dan Dosen Penguji yang telah membimbing, mendampingi, memotivasi dan memberikan saran selama penyusunan skripsi. 3. Ibu drh. Sitarina Widyarini, MP., Ph.D. selaku Dosen Pembimbing Pendamping dan Dosen Penguji yang telah membimbing, mendampingi, memotivasi, dan memberikan saran selama penyusunan skripsi. 4. Ibu Phebe Hendra, M.Si., Apt., Ph. D. Sebagai Dosen Penguji skripsi atas koreksi dan masukan kepada penulis. 5. Ibu Dr. Yustina Sri Hartini, M.Si., Apt. Sebagai Dosen Penguji skripsi atas koreksi dan masukan kepada penulis. vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 6. Ibu Agustina Setiawati, M.Sc., Apt., selaku Kepala Penanggungjawab Laboratorium Fakultas Farmasi yang telah memberikan ijin dalam penggunaan fasilitas laboratorium untuk kepentingan penelitian ini. 7. Bapak Yohanes Dwiatmaka, M.Si. yang telah memberikan bantuan dalam determinasi tanaman Stachytarpheta indica (L,) Vahl.. 8. Pak Kayat, Pak Heru, Pak Parjiman, Pak Parlan, dan Pak Bimo selaku laboran laboratorium Fakultas Farmasi yang telah membantu penulis dalam proses pelaksanaan penelitian di laboratorium. 9. Seluruh Dosen dan Karyawan Universitas Sanata Dharma terutama Fakultas Farmasi yang telah membantu dan memberi pembelajaran penulis dari awal hingga akhir perkuliahan. 10. Bapak yang selalu mendoakan dari surga, Ibu, Mb Aning, Mas Anton, Mb Shinta, Mb Nita, Daud, Ria, Kakak Jo yang selalu memberikan doa, segala bentuk dukungan, semangat, dan kasih sayang. 11. Teman-teman seperjuangan penelitian daun Jarong: Irest, Jojo, Anna yang telah membant, kerjasama, menikmati suka duka dari awal hingga akhir . 12. Teman satu kelompok praktikum Putra, Agatha, Tika, Cindy, Rossa, Astrid, Ruri, Novi, Meda, Ira, PWT, Sion, Vani, Vivin yang telah memberikan banyak pelajaran dan dinamika selama proses perkuliahan terlebih praktikum. 13. Sahabat ngumpul Yudha, Sion, Aan, Satrio, Danang atas semangat dan dukungan dalam penyelesaian penelitian ini. Sativa sebagai sahabat yang selalu memberi semangat dan teman berbagi keluh kesah. 14. Keluarga besar MMXII terlebih FSM C 2012 dan FST B 2012 tercinta. viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 15. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu per satu sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini dengan baik. Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih memiliki banyak kekurangan sehingga penulis berharap kritik dan saran dari semua pihak. Akhir kata, penulis berharap semoga tugas akhir ini dapat bermanfaat bagi semua pihak terutama di bidang ilmu Farmasi. Penulis ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................... i HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING ................................................ ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................................................... iii HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ........................................................................ iv PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA .............................................................. v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA . ............ vi PRAKATA ........................................................................................................ vii DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... x DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................. xv DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................... xvii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................. xviii INTISARI ......................................................................................................... xx ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... xxi BAB I PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang ...................................................................................... 1 1. Perumusan Masalah........................................................................ 3 2. Keaslian Penelitian ......................................................................... 4 3. Manfaat Penelitian.......................................................................... 5 B. Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................. 5 1. Tujuan Umum ................................................................................ 5 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 2. Tujuan Khusus .................................................................................5 BAB II PENELAAHAN PUSTAKA .................................................................. 7 A. Jarong (Stachytarpheta indica (L.) Vahl.) .............................................. 7 B. Anatomi dan Fisiologi Hati ..................................................................... 9 C. Kerusakan Hati ..................................................................................... 12 D. Hepatotoksin ......................................................................................... 13 E. Alanin Aminotransferasi (ALT) dan Aspartat Aminotransferase (AST)14 F. Karbon Tetraklorida ................................................................................ 14 G. Flavonoid ................................................................................................. 16 H. Maserasi .................................................................................................. 16 I. Landasan Teori ........................................................................................ 17 J. Hipotesis .................................................................................................. 18 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ...................................................................... 19 A. Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian .............................................................. 19 B. Variabel dan Definisi Operasional .......................................................... 19 1. Variabel utama ................................................................................. 19 2. Variabel pengacau ............................................................................ 19 3. Definisi operasional.......................................................................... 20 C. Bahan Penelitian ..................................................................................... 21 1. Bahan utama ...................................................................................... 21 2. Bahan kimia ...................................................................................... 21 D. Alat Penelitian ......................................................................................... 23 E. Tata Cara Penelitian ................................................................................ 23 xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 1. Determinasi tanaman jarong (Stachytarpheta indica (L.) Vahl) ....... 23 2. Pengumpulan bahan uji ....................................................................
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