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University of California Berkeley of California Regional Oral History Office University The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California University History Series Milton R. Stern THE LEARNING SOCIETY: CONTINUING EDUCATION AT NYU, MICHIGAN, AND UC BERKELEY, 1946-1991 With an Introduction by Stanley C. Gabor Interviews Conducted by Ann Lage in 1992 Copyright 1993 by The Regents of the University of California Since 1954 the Regional Oral History Office has been interviewing leading participants in or well -placed witnesses to major events in the development of Northern California, the West, and the Nation. Oral history is a modern research technique involving an interviewee and an informed interviewer in spontaneous conversation. The taped record is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The resulting manuscript is typed in final form, indexed, bound with photographs and illustrative materials, and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. ************************************ All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between The Regents of the University of California and Milton R. Stern dated February 24, 1993. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. No part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the Director of The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. Requests for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to the Regional Oral History Office, 486 Library, University of California, Berkeley 94720, and should include identification of the specific passages to be quoted, anticipated use of the passages, and identification of the user. The legal agreement with Milton R. Stern requires that he be notified of the request and allowed thirty days in which to respond. It is recommended that this oral history be cited as follows: Milton R. Stern, "The Learning Society: Continuing Education at NYU, Michigan, and UC Berkeley, 1946-1991," an oral history conducted Ann in 1992 by Lage , Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1993. Copy no . Milton Stern, 1993. Cataloguing Information Stem, Milton R. (b. 1918) Educator The Learning Society: Continuing Education at NYU. Michigan, and UC Berkeley. 1946-1991. 1993, viii, 292 pp. Family and youth in New York City and New Jersey; education at New College, Columbia University, 1934-1938; continuing education program at New York University, Division of General Education, 1946-1966; director of the University Center for Adult Education, Detroit, Michigan, 1966-1971; dean of University of California Berkeley Extension, 1971-1991; examines trends in purposes, programming, and marketing of continuing education; discusses Extension's relationships with other UC units and UC and campus administration; reflects on innovative role of continuing education within the university, post-tertiary education, and the democratization of higher education. Introduction by Stanley C. Gabor, Dean, School of Continuing Studies, Johns Hopkins University. Interviewed 1992 by Ann Lage for the University History Series. The Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. San Francisco Chronicle Milton Stern Milton Stern, the former dean of the University Extension at the University of California at Berke ley, died February 16 of cancer in St. Petersburg, Fla. He was 7& Mr. Stern, a graduate of Colum bia University, was head of the continuing education program at the Berkeley and San Francisco extension campuses from 1971 un til his retirement hi 1991. He was widely recognized for creative programming and innovative mar keting of the extension program. After serving as an Army ser geant during World War II, Mr. Stern helped start adult education programs at New York University. In 1962, he directed adult educa tion at the University of Michigan. Shortly after his appointment to the Berkeley post in 1971, he told a reporter that universities re gard their extension programs "like a stepchild the parents say, 'yeah, we keep her around the " house.' He said adult education had a "curious, grubby reputa tion" that was undeserved. A funny man with a thick New York accent, Mr. Stern called his program "post-tertiary" education and said it was part of a "60-year curriculum." Mr. Stern also served on the boards of the Western Consortium of Public Health and the Lycee In ternational Franco-American hi San Francisco. He was an ocean kayaker, winning his first race at the age of 70. Mr. Stern is survived by his wife, Isabel Singer, of Sara- sota, Fla., and four daughters, Amanda Runyeon of San Rafael, Amee Penso of Placerville, Andrea Seebold of Richmond, Ind., and Deborah Stern of White Plains, N.Y. A memorial service will be held on March 18 at 6 p.m. hi the faculty club at UC Berkeley. Steot Rubensteln .,> ; Berkeleyan/February 28-Mareh 5. 1996 Milton R. Stern, for 50 years a recognized leader and spokesperson for university continuing education, died Feb. 16 in St. Petersburg, Fla., of complications associated with lymphoma. He was 78. Stem came to Berkeley in 1971 as dean of University Extension, retir ing in 1991 as dean emeritus. In his retirement he was a visiting fellow of the Institute ofGovernmental Studies and a faculty associate of the Center for Studies in Higher Education. Stem was widely recognized for his contributions to the practice and theory of continuing education, par ticularly in creative programming and innovative marketing. His par ticular gift was his ability to define the appropriate role for continuing education in American higher edu cation. He coined the term "60-year curriculum" to express the appro priate conception of "post-tertiary" education. In a recent commence ment address to graduates of Tulane University, he declared the degree received by each graduate as the equivalent of a "permanent incom plete," emphasizing the importance of continuing education in the lives of the well educated. Stern frequently was honored for his contributions to higher educa tion and was the recipient of several honorary degrees and national and international awards. He is survived by his wife, Isabel Andrews Singer of Sarasota, Fla., and four daughters. TABLE OF CONTENTS --Milton R. Stern PREFACE i INTRODUCTION- -by Stanley C. Gabor lv INTERVIEW HISTORY- -by Ann Lage vi BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION viii I FAMILY BACKGROUND AND SOME PERSONAL VIEWS 1 Prologue on Social Activism and Entrepreneurship in Continuing Education 1 First Teaching Experience at Age Fifteen: Technocracy 6 Planning, Education, and the 1990s Recession 7 Family Life and Boyhood in New York and New Jersey 10 Father's Business, Mother's Energy, and Brother's Dilemma 14 Public School Education 17 Religious and Political Background 18 Successive Waves of Immigrants in the Old Neighborhood 20 II COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY'S NEW COLLEGE, 1934-1938 23 A Non-Traditional College within Columbia's Teachers College 23 A Year at New College's Working Farm in North Carolina 24 Education Based on Life Experience 25 Theoretical Influences on New College's Tom Alexander 26 The Practicalities: Chickens, Cows, and Garden Crops 29 Hitler Youth at the New College Community 31 Demise of New College 33 A Year Abroad: Teaching English at a French Lycee, 1936-1937 34 Oral History as Obituary 39 France and French Education in the 1930s 40 Return to New York and Completion of Studies 45 The Importance and Impact of New College: Innovative Thinking 48 III DEPRESSION- ERA JOBS AND WARTIME EXPERIENCES 54 Melville, Columbia Grads, and Teaching in the Depression 54 Lessons for Today from the Great Depression 57 Educating Prospective Legislators: New Solutions for New Situations 58 Military Service as a Psychosocial Moratorium 60 Military Policeman on Governor's Island, New York 62 Arabic and Turkish and the Psychological Warfare Unit 66 Service in Europe and Early Departure 70 Postwar Odds and Ends 71 IV AN EXPANSIVE PERIOD IN CONTINUING EDUCATION: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY, 1946-1966 74 Growth and Definition in the Postwar Period 74 NYU's Division of General Education and Its Community Responsibility 76 The Part-Time Student Body and the Democratization of Education 79 NYU and UCLA, Pioneers in Growing Field of Continuing Education 81 Paul McGhee and The Learning Society 84 Planning and Marketing Extension Programs 86 Confronting Second-Class Citizenship for Continuing Education 90 Post-Tertiary Education: Certificate Programs 94 Paul Sheats and Abbott Kaplan at UCLA Extension 95 V THE CONTINUING EDUCATOR AS CULTURAL ENTERPRISER: NYU AND UC 99 Innovative Programming 99 "Be Bold . but Not Too Bold" 102 Maintaining Creativity and Flexibility in a Complex Organization 106 Balancing Creativity and Control in Programming 108 Carl Tjerandsen at Chicago, NYU, and Santa Cruz 114 Conflict over UC's Engineering Program in Silicon Valley 118 Credit Instruction in Continuing Education at NYU 121 Weekend Programming in the Humanities 124 Leaving NYU