California Indian Heritage Center

FINAL/FINAL: 08/09/07

CaliforniaCalifornia Indian Indian HeritageHeritage Center:Center: Concept The Developing Masterplan Vision InterimInterim Project Site and Planning Facility and Masterplanning Interpretive Programmingand Programming Report, Report, September 2007 March 2008 1 The California Indian Heritage Center will be a distinctive and honorable place where past, current and future experiences and achievements of California Indians are recognized, celebrated and shared.

Larry Myers Ruth Coleman Chairman Director CIHC Task Force California State Parks

Cover: Detail of a painting, 265007.000, Harry Fonseca (Nisenan Maidu / Native Hawaiian / Portuguese), an acrylic painting entitled Creation Story, 2000. Santa Fe, New Mexico. Signed and dated. Photo by Enrest Amoroso. Courtesy, National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institute. For full image, please see inside back cover. Opposite: Detail of Bark House at the Sierra Mono Museum (North Fork Mono Tribe), 2006.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary 9 4 Architectural and Site Programming 71 Required Architectural Program 72 Introduction 13 Required Outdoor Program 80 Architectural and Outdoor 1 Goals and Guiding Principles 17 Program Summary 83 CIHC Statement of Purpose 18 Concept Diagrams 85 CIHC Vision Statement 19 Site and Facility Planning Principles 20 5 Masterplan Concept 101 Masterplan Concept 103 2 Site 23 Inspiration 103 Site Context 25 Site Layout 105 Site Description 27 Proposed Outdoor Program 109 Parcels, Adjacencies, and Land Use 27 Proposed Architectural Program 111 Visual Setting 31 Proposed Program Adjacencies 117 Access and Circulation 33 Character 119 Topography 37 Masterplan Strategies 125 Hydrology 39 Massing Strategy 125 Geology and Soils 42 Access and Circulation Strategy 127 Environmental Hazards 43 Parking Strategy 129 Vegetation and Wildlife 45 Grading and Landscape Strategy 131 Climatic Conditions 48 Sustainability Strategy 132 Infrastructure 48 Infrastructure Strategy 134 Cultural Factors 49 Maintenance Strategy 135 Site Opportunities and Constraints 51 Security and Safety Strategy 136

3 Precedents 55 6 Design Guidelines 139 Chaw’se Indian Grinding Rock Landscape Design Guidelines 140 State Historic Park 57 Architectural Design Guidelines 145 Potawot Health Village 59 Alaska Native Heritage Center 61 7 Phasing and Implementation Approach 149 National Museum of the Summary Estimate of Probable Cost 150 American Indian 63 Phasing Strategy 152 NMAI - Cultural Resources Center 65 National Hispanic Cultural Center 67

5 Acknowledgements 154

List of Figures 156 List of Tables 157 References 158

Appendices (in separate Volumes)

Appendix A Advisory Group Workshop Notes, December 2007

Appendix B CORE Advisory Group Work Session Notes, March 2008

Appendix C

Estimate of Probable Cost, prepared by J.R. Conkey & Associates, Inc., 2008

CIHC Hydraulic Assessment Memorandum, prepared by Northwest Hydraulic Consultants, 2007

Preliminary Environmental Evaluation & Issue Identification, prepared by California Department of Parks and Recreation, 2007

Preliminary Delineation Waters of the US East Riverfront Property Levee Relocation, prepared by EDAW, 2004

Biological Resources Evaluation East Riverfront Property Levee Relocation, prepared by EDAW, 2004

Hydraulic Analysis Report East Riverfront Property, prepared by Northwest Hydraulic Consultants, 2003

6 Calling out, From Red Earth, Blue Skies, Can you hear?

From the heart, From stories in our souls, Calling out, Hear us. John Berry (Choctaw), Excerpt from Listen

Replica of Traditional Plank House at the Sumeg Village (Yurok Tribe) Patrick’s Point State Park, Eureka, California, 2006.

Executive Summary

BACKGROUND Ten guiding principles were established to outline overarching values, expectations and requirements for The “California Indian Heritage Center: Concept the development of the site. Listed in Section 1 of this Masterplan” report grew out of principles included report, the Site and Facility Masterplanning Principles in previous studies for the California Indian Heritage reflect the CIHC’s aspirations in three main areas: Center, and the invaluable input of the CIHC Advisory Group, the CIHC Task Force, the CIHC Core Advisory 1) Create a center for cultural preservation, learning Group and representatives of California State Parks. and exchange, representing and celebrating all California Indians as a Living Culture. The document summarizes the masterplanning work developed for a 43-acre project site known as the East 2) Develop a place founded on Indian values: Riverfront Property, located in West Sacramento. centered on the stewardship of the land, respect for natural systems and their cycles, presenting a natural character and leaving a light footprint on the GOALS AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES land.

The foundation for the CIHC’s Vision and Concept 3) Provide a safe, comfortable and welcoming Masterplan, listed in Section 1, is based on the environment to all communities, visitors and adopted CIHC Statement of Purpose, and the CIHC immediate neighbors. Vision Statement.

9 THE CONCEPT MASTERPLAN

Site Architectural and Site Programming The CIHC facilities and programs are proposed to be The Architectural and Site Program included in distributed on two sites located in the Sacramento area, Section 4 was based on an understanding of the CIHC adjacent to the Sacramento and American rivers: the vision and programs, review of previous studies and East Riverfront Property in West Sacramento and the precedents, especially the 1991 California Indian Northgate Site in Sacramento. Museum study, and input from the Advisory Groups.

As described in Section 2, land use, access, circulation, In summary, the required Architectural Program and natural and cultural factors were analyzed to includes Entry, Forum, Content, Library and Archive, determine the opportunities and constraints of the East Tribal Treasures, and Support Spaces, for a total gross Riverfront Property. Main site opportunities include its area range of 80,000 - 125,000 square feet. proximity to water, connections to public transportation, and the potential to significantly enhance the site’s Fundamental to the CIHC’s concept is the integration natural resource value and to heal the land. Constraints of indoor and outdoor programs. Outdoor programs will identified include challenges related to traffic, parking, be established on 2 sites. A total of 30-35 acres are potential flooding, safety and security. available at the East Riverfront site in the City of West Sacramento for outdoor programs. The Northgate site, Precedents located in Sacramento, along the Lower American River Valuable lessons for the development of the CIHC can Parkway will provide an are in excess of 70 acres for be learned from a number of relevant precedents. larger outdoor events and programs. The combination Some of these precedents are described in Section 3, use of the two sites reinforce the previous and current including the National Museum of the American Indian vision for the CIHC’s natural character. in Washington, DC and its companion, the Cultural Resources Center in Suitland, Maryland. Concept Diagrams Based on the Architectural and Site Program, the A relevant California Indian example studied was the Advisory Group developed three Concept Diagrams. Potawot Health Village in Arcata, California, which The Village, Atrium and Courtyard concepts presented represents a precedent for thoughtful integration of in the latter part of Section 4 illustrate ways to organize Indian-inspired elements to enhance the site and the the CIHC program on the site following California Indian Center’s sense of place. values. Aspects of all three concepts were used for the development of the Concept Masterplan at the East Riverfront Property.

10 Concept Masterplan Design Guidelines Section 5 of the Concept Masterplan document Section 6 of the Concept Masterplan contains design describes the recommendations for the CIHC’s layout, guidelines and practices for developing the CIHC’s program distribution, proposed building gross areas, architecture and landscape. The design guidelines masterplanning strategies and recommended character. are intended as a summary of the Advisory Group recommendations and as a tool for guiding future Inspired by the meaning and form of villages in design efforts for the CIHC. traditional communities, the Concept Masterplan arranges the CIHC buildings around a large bowl- The guidelines address a range of architectural and shaped central courtyard, with views toward the river landscape aspects in the categories of preservation, and the reclaimed pond. The building is proposed restoration and reclamation, cultural landscapes, as two main volumes connected by a semi-enclosed outdoor facilities, art in the landscape, architectural ramada-like structure, for a recommended gross form and articulation and use of materials. building area of 114,000 square feet. The first structure is envisioned to primarily house Entry and Forum Phasing and Implementation Approach Spaces (Gathering of the People), while Content To conclude the Concept Masterplan, a preliminary (Cycles, Memory, Connections), Tribal Treasures and phasing and implementation approach is included in Library and Archives Spaces will be located in the Section 7. The phasing approach is based on an order second structure. All buildings are to be built on the of-magnitude estimate of probable cost developed for higher areas of the site to avoid flooding. the CIHC.

Outdoor spaces for gatherings of different sizes and At full build out, the project value has been established formats are provided, including a Native games field, at about $145 million dollars with an additional $28.6 gathering and dance circles, demonstration and million for potential off-site improvements in support of storytelling areas, pedestrian and bicycle trails and a the CIHC. A goal of $50 million has been identified as potential boat dock. an achievable first phase project that will support initial operations and programs at the new CIHC. Site Amenities include access and circulation, parking, and development of sustainable landscape. Development of these amenities will address maintenance, security and safety concerns.

11 12 Introduction

In December 2005 the consultant team of EDAW Incorporated, Ralph Appelbaum Associates Incorporated and Mark Cavagnero Associates were engaged to work with the California Indian Heritage Center Task Force, the California Indian Heritage Center Advisory Groups and California State Parks to develop a masterplan for the California Indian Heritage Center (CIHC, the Center).

The work is summarized in two distinct documents. The initial document, “California Indian Heritage Center: The Developing Vision, Interim Planning and Programming Report” (the Developing Vision), published in September 2007 and this report, the “Concept Masterplan” (the Plan), that summarizes the Site and Facility Masterplanning work and functions as a companion document to the Developing Vision.

The Concept Masterplan is based upon principles included in previous studies for the CIHC and the invaluable input of the CIHC Advisory Groups, the Task Force and the CIHC Core Advisory Group (CORE)1. A detailed description of the project’s history, and the process and evolution of the work is included in the Developing Vision report.

1 CIHC Core Advisory Group: In December 2007, six members of the CIHC Advisory Group and a Task Force respresentative were invited to help the consultant team finalize the Concept Masterplan after the Task Force selected the West Sacramento site. CORE members reviewed the work of the consultant team and provided input to build the Concept Masterplan during three work sessions held in Sacramento in December 2007, January and February 2008. For the list of CORE advisors, refer to the CORE Advisory Group roster at the end of this document. For detailed notes on the CORE work sessions, refer to Appendix B: Core Advisory Group Work Session Notes, dated March 2008.

13 In May 2007, after considering other potential sites, the CIHC Task Force chose a 43-acre site known as the East Riverfront Property, as the preferred location for the California Indian Heritage Center. The site, located in the City of West Sacramento, faces the Sacramento River at its confluence with the American River. CIHC’s main facilities and programs would be located in the East Riverfront Property, while additional outdoor programs and large events would be located on a second property known as the Northgate Site in the City of Sacramento (Figure 1).

It is expected that a business plan will be developed to describe CIHC operations, fund development, governance, staffing and financial proforma. As the business plan is developed, the Concept Masterplan described herein can be refined.

14 Section 1 Goals and Guiding Principles

Ramada at Table Mountain Rancheria’s Big Time grounds (Table Mountain Rancheria), Friant, California, 2006.

Section 1 Goals and Guiding Principles

The foundation for the California Indian Heritage Center‘s Developing Vision is based on the adopted CIHC Statement of Purpose and Vision Statement. All decisions made during the Visioning and Masterplan process and the recommendations included herein, are in response to the vision and values suggested in those statements.

Ten guiding principles have been developed specific to the Concept Masterplan. These guiding principles outline values, expectations and requirements for the future development of the site and facilities. The Site and Facility Masterplanning Principles emerged from numerous meetings, workshops and conversations with CIHC Advisory Groups and Task Force members. They build on principles developed in previous studies and on the guiding principles discussed in the Developing Vision: Interim Project Planning and Interpretive Programming Report (September 2007).

17 CIHC Statement of Purpose (adopted October 2003)

The California Indian Heritage Center honors the diversity and history of California Indian people by preserving cultural and tribal traditions, nurturing contemporary expressions, and facilitating research and education, for California, the nation, and the world.

18 CIHC Vision Statement (adopted January 2004)

Under the guidance of California Indian people, the California Indian Heritage Center will:

• Present a statewide perspective on California’s diverse Indian cultural legacy. • Honor the contributions of California Indians and promote dialogue between generations. • Enhance public understanding of traditional and spiritual beliefs and practices. • Protect California Indian cultural resources. • Collect and present traditional and contemporary California Indian artistic and cultural expressions. • Partner with tribal communities and regional cultural centers and museums. • Provide educational opportunities to research and understand California’s Indian history, cultures and the impact of contemporary issues. • Be recognized as a culturally essential California destination that enriches public life.

19 Site and Facility Masterplanning Principles

Developed by the Advisory Group Members during workshops held in 2006, the following principles build on the CIHC Vision Statement and the principles outlined in the Interim Project Planning and Interpretive Programming Report (September 2007).

• Create a place that represents and • Enable site flexibility, allowing different celebrates all California Indian Cultures, event formats. while remaining nameless, faceless and neutral. • Provide integrated indoor and outdoor spaces to facilitate transfer of culture, • Honor and respect local tribal protocols education and preservation of traditions. and traditions for welcoming other tribes. • Provide safe and comfortable spaces for • Build a Center on the premise of Healing all visitors, emphasizing easy pedestrian the Land, demonstrating traditional values circulation. for land stewardship and environmental consciousness. • Create a Center that is a “good neighbor” through community engagement. • Encourage understanding of Indian values through site design, reinforcing the message of California Indian Culture as a Living Culture. Inject California Indian values in all aspects of site development.

• Develop site and facilities with a natural character, using natural materials and a light footprint on the land.

• Embrace the river and the seasons.

20 Section 2 Site Site and Facility Masterplanning Principles

Tending and Gathering Garden at Cache Creek Conservancy, Woodland, California, 2007. Restored pond adjacent to Cache Creek and grasses drying for basket weaving (foreground).

Section 2 Site

The CIHC facilities and programs will be distributed on two sites located in the Sacramento area, adjacent to the Sacramento and American rivers: the primary site, the East Riverfront Property in West Sacramento, and the Northgate Site in Sacramento (Figures 1 and 2). The main location and address for the Center will be the East Riverfront Property.

The main focus of this section of the Concept Masterplan is the CIHC’s primary site, the East Riverfront Property. The section describes site context and land use, visual setting, access and circulation, public transportation, topography, hydrology, geology and soils, environmental hazards, vegetation and wildlife, cultural factors and site opportunities and constraints. The information presented herein is a summary of key elements and issues discussed in several background documents that were analyzed for the development of this masterplan. Some of these documents are included in Appendix C.

23 Legend

Freeway Access Route

Local Access Route

Proposed Downtown/Riverfront Streetcar Routes From May 2007 Downtown/Riverfront Streetcar Study Initial Route Immediate Extension Near-Term Extension Route LRT Route Rail Access

Amtrak & Capitol Corridor Rail

Train Station Potential Future Capitol Corridor Station

Other Proposed Off-Site Parking Location Proposed California Indian Heritage Center and State Park March 10, 2008 ** DRAFT ** Main Vehicular Entry / Exit Point to East Riverfront Site

l Grasslands Azevedo e

Fairweather Derow Stonecreek d Brunswick n Norcross

e Athena M Dorine Wilson

Timberwood

ElCentro Erin

Corkwood

Millview Norbert Norcut Normington

Levee

Glentress

Virgil BryteBend Greenlea Norgard Sea Mist

Shenstone Northglen Northview Burnaby Peralta Norbert ge Venture Oaks Millcreek Reiner rid b Old River y a Arbury Redding Barandas B Campden Northey Rivermont Western River Pebble Wa El Camino

Mossy Bank t Capitol Oaks e Sandcastle Orchard rw Whitecap Bergamo Pickering he

el Thelma

Kelburne Eastham Watercourse Hawk ri Jorgi b dg Cleveland w e D a e r C Truxel lp D Capital Park ks H hi Natomas Park ree a elm Tide Northfield ni Martabella ksid e O s um man

n Morell i e ur V dg s E bo y r r a Azusa v te I H T a k w W a o O Harding R G iv ate Garden Highway e D wa r i y s O sc ak s American over Calla Lilly y Shores River Plaza Northfield

a e Wailea t P e Barandas S e S Adams w w a

l l o Jefferson Shady Arbor w s Ne 126 st Levee r Jicama

e Coconut at w Arden r Las Uvas River a Trigo Levee e Columbus Sh Pasatiempo River Plaza Paddle Wheel Indian Wells La Lima Durazno 16 16 Americana

Northgate Site Acoma

Delta Queen Garden Miller River Shoal 16 Discovery Park Sacramento River El Monte 16 Glen Marina

Wheelhouse 5

Railroad Northgate American River Tule River Crest Rivercrest Dr. Riverbank Fountain

Fountain Dr. Jibboom Exit Bottom Line Tule Jake 160 Sunset

Lake Carrie

Del Paso Todhunter Rogers

160 3rd

Kegle

Jasmine Commerce Marston 7th Fountain Dr. East

Del Paso Bercut

Holland 5th

Taber Sequoia Pacific Lathrop Smilax

Riverbank Myrtle Douglas Pierce Riverfront Richards Vine Anna

man k r Bannon a 10th Joan Lighthouse p S Ferguson Site Anna Milton May Lighthouse Dr. Bowlen Sacramento Riverfront Master Plan Richards Short Marina Dos Rios Lisbon Sharian Louise Sullivan Charles Way Steward Yolo Proposed Lighthouse to Richards Solano Marina Isabel Water Bryte

Fourness Anna Burrows Non-Vehicular Bridge NewtonBell Sunbeam Kovr Delta Eliza Mint Drew Bercut Arthur

Hardy Levee Mccarthy 12th Reed Rich Hill Cummins Morse E N T R Y Hobson D Sproule Sitka Stuart Sunset City of West Sacramento Welland 11th C Julian Jibboom Basler

Inglewood

Kegle

Elder Fairway James Mccormack Elliot Greenwood A A

Reed 5th B Dreher

Alvin Ahern Harbor Pointe Andrew 6th C Dobros

Reuter

Casselman Beardsley Somerset Windemere Fremont 8th C 5th St. 136

Sacramento Simon B Riverpoint Williams Broderick Boat

4th Sierra Yolo Ramp Thornton Mikon 84 Elizabeth

3rd Citrus Elkhorn 4th St. California C 3rd St.

Elm 8th Oak Railroad Capitol Corridor C A

C 17th Stillwater 6th Potential Future Capitol Corridor Stop D 15th Television Kiline I Street 7th Harbor

Triangle 9th E Maple Manzanita Bridge 19th 10th Washington Oxford 2nd West I St D Rice Holly Riverside St

Chaparral 1st Davis F 6th St

18th

Portsmouth 7th Lilac Castle I St F 21st 8th 7th

I G 5th St. Michigan Sea Brook AmtrakSt Station & Shaw F 160 Duluth 24th Capitol CorridorCamellia Stop I 23rd J

4th St. 2nd Laurel Westacre 3rd St. 3rd 27th F 20th Ziggurat Bldg. Delta King J 6th

Maple Rockrose

Glide Walnut h 14th RiverboatFirehouse t J 4 22nd C 3rd 26th Tower 21st Northport H Ramp 1st Tower Madrone West Capitol Ave. Capitol Terminal Commerce Franklyn Poplar Houston Sutter 3rd Bridge L G 84 Delta

Galveston 275 Flossie Cedar Neasham 13th Pecan Merchant Shaw Capitol Mall I Capitol Raley Field Capitol 16th Capitol Mal L E 275 12th El Rancho 275 K Canal

Merkley Capitol

6th 8th

Willow 11th

Walnut Riske Jefferson Blvd. Blvd. Jefferson

4th

Palomar River O

Pine Pecan 2nd

Morning Glory Johnson Proctor K

Ash Sycamore N Marigold Greenmeadow Jefferson Blvd. EXIT Evergreen downtown

Garnet Evergreen Drever Coke O Evergreen Oakmont Westacre Jefferson

Metro

E Sacramento Doran v Sellers Hickory Webster

Orchard Buckeye

r g reen L

24th

San Francisco San Francisco Exit Tower Norfolk Webster 25th 80 Rice Mill Capitol Canna 5th Front 11th 6th

50 Virginia P O Harbor Rose Meadow Jackson

Drever

River Harbor St Maryland 10th Q

Starboard EXIT Carriage Path Port 11th R 13th

Halyard Park 2nd

Sonora Fernwood City of Sacramento 50 Front

Soule Windward

Beacon Tradewinds Shore

Alabama T Rhodin Carriage Path Longcroft 13th 27th

Clarendon U

Haverhill Whittney Industrial Trinity Cathedral Danbury Park 15th 14th Bonita 12th V 3rd T U T And U 30th 9th Grande Vista 29th Del Monte Circle 17th

4th S Fallbrook T And U Alameda V Union Gardenia Kiesel

River

19th 10th Hughes Lakewood Pennsylvania Maryland 16th Carly Harbor Terminal O Westwood

Ferndale Virginia

Cebrian Broadway

Deerwood Delaware Alhambra

Alabama 15th Casita Miller Park V Stone Acorn 17th 160 atman Broadway Bo U 28th 18th Marina View X W T And U Regent Los Angeles 80

19th 17th 3rd Vermont

scale 1” = 600’ 1 inch equals 600 feet 0 600 1200 1800 2400

Aerial image from May 2006

scale 1” = 2400’ Figure 1. Site Context Circulation and Access 0 600 1200 1800 2400 Source: Google Earth, 2006 24 Site Context

The CIHC’s main facilities and some of the Center’s outdoor programs will be located at the 43-acre East Riverfront Property. This property is located in West Sacramento (Yolo County) and is bounded by the Sacramento River to the east, a number of housing communities to the north and west, and an undeveloped parcel known as the CIRI Parcel (Cook Inlet Region, Inc.) to the south (Figures 1 and 3).

Additional outdoor programs and a supporting visitor center for the CIHC are planned to be established on the Northgate Site. This site is part of the American River Parkway and per the Sacramento County American River Parkway Plan (Sacramento County 2006, 151), approximately 100 acres could be available for CIHC outdoor programs and events, compatible with the Parkway’s values and goals. The Northgate site is located within the City of Sacramento in Sacramento County, and managed by the County of Sacramento. It is bounded by the American River to the south, Discovery Park to the west, the Garden Highway to the north, and Highway 160, the Boy Scouts of America,

East Riverfront Property, West Sacramento, CA. and the Riverdale Mobile Home Park to the east (Figure Northgate Site, Sacramento, CA. 1). Figure 2. Regional Setting scale NTS Both sites offer a unique opportunity in their proximity to the confluence of the Sacramento and American Rivers.

Source: California State Automobile Association, 1999 25 29 19 15 10 5 20 23 27 39 40 39 35 26 6 30 32 39 24 11 35 38 22 18 9 19 22 25 8 21 30 36 20 16 10 27 7 33 37 17 18" SD 27 28 10 8" W 25 19 20 25 29 35 39 11 21 9 7 6" SS 32 19 26 34 39 30 8 36 39 23 20 9 21 29 32 6 W 22 35 22 21 16 18 28 12 20 W 5 TBX 20 23 34 27 32 39 33 23 10 21 34 29 22 18 26 13 10 6 20 31 25 5 21 24 28 34 40 20 22 36 27 21 10 38 28 7 5 20 33 24 6 21 RIVER 13 8 26 35 20 20 22 34 38 30 11 5 25 40 22 8 6 27 CREST 26 18 5 25 37 19 20 32 23 12 33 36 22 5 20 21 39 Rivercrest Drive 21 24 31 14 8 40 28 10 20 27 37 40 19 21 35 30 12 6 25 5 23 2829 27 20 30 14 7 36 25 36 34 29 16 5 21 41 15 40 31 25 9 WOODSIDE 23 26 19 14 34 8 38 41 23 17 11 21 40 20 35 41 13 15" SD 10 17 22 25 40 24 34 39 19 26 35 33 20 8" W 27 33 38 20 6" SS UTS 32 21 18 22 32 37 22 20 39 31 41 39 17 21 40 12" W 35 6 21 24 41 36 9 41 36 7 18 25 41 19 30 18 8 40 16 10 36 25 31 39 20 12 32 23 20 21 26 15" SD The RiversTBX 36 36 19 15 40 17 SS 21 10 25 36 5 30 38 24 26 36 9 36 19 34 14 ST L IG H BOT X 30 10 EL E CT BO X 22 28 30 36 24 TE BOL X 35 21 W Housing Development 9 30 7 SS 24 26

6" W 24 22 20 8 6 25 SS 17 5 15 28 25 24 12 36 23 7 5 22 15 30 19 11 6 24 21 26 8

30 25 26 30 25 24 10 6

20 30 35 23 7 5 27 22 SD 12" 20

40 26 25 13 6 20 20 23 30 MARINA 25 10 25 7 20 36 25 5 39 25 25 22 -- 20 24 26 29 15 8 5 26 7 31 24 25 6 38 18 25 34 19 19 22 9 8 30 20 6 Discovery Park

36 26 28 19 5 19 11 7 25 19 36 22 16 9 7 8 6 30 18 24 17 9 38 19 30 35 7 29 27 27 24 20 10 6 16 18 8 26 13 27 9 19 41 25 20 19 37 16 10 5 29 24 8

15 8 26 23 6 17 9 28 2 27 14 29 40 26 16 28 25 10 17 23 20 20 23 22 21 19 22 28 28 12 7 5 17 29 26 24 8 22 6 19 24 27 18 27 30 29 29 11 30 20 30 26 24 8" SS 10 7 20 27 27 28 16 20 8" SS 19 20 20 27 23 13 21 23 28 20 8 15 20 18 20 25 28 31 6 5 28 17 41 6 21 23 27 31 27 19 10 7 20 40 30 25 21 28 31 21 27 8 21 20 22 29 W 30 28 19 5

20 9

22 12" 21 19 30 8 21 21 35 7 15 22 31 23 5 23 40 30 18 32 9 6 18 20 23 22 34 27 20 20 20 21 22 30 21 SS 21 12

30 7 23 8" 39 24 27 8 24 35 20 24 36 19 23 16 11 21 34 19 40 31 18 10 6 21 33 17 18 30 34 7 23 28 19 17 21 26 8 22 16 22 12 15 30 33 9 18 15 34 26 28 20 12 40 er

21 31 7 36 33 25 19 30 32 29 35 10 v 29 19 38 19 19 34 17 15 24 27 i 18 30 11 6 23 36 18 21 21 30 40 39 5 32 23 21 25 9 16 17 8 22 35 37 17 7 24 13 34 20 33 30 24 20 35 21 32 39 R 23 14 7 18 23 12 15 21 22 38 33 17 21 33 16 9 6

21 31 23 15 20 22 32 21 33 22 12 16 20 17 24 39 35 19 15 20 31 26 9 6 33 22 34 5 19 21 1 14 20 21 19 32 29 2 7 21 32 24 30 8 38 20 19 5 18 20 SD 31 26 33 20 35 16 21" 31 19 25 31 9 20 27 6 n

35 15 19 21 21 39 21 33 19 20 38

23 30 27 9 20 36 32 5 18 32 26 19 20 35 6 20 a 21 20 24 19 30 15 20 25 33 12

22 23 36 15 29 21 20 31 26 20 17 26 21 17 18 24 37 34 31 5 25 c

24 23 22 30 30 31 27 18 19 20 i 33

15 0 6 21 18 21 38 3 26 8 20 The21 Regatta at the Rivers 20 21 34 30 7

8" 32

21 25 24 r 17 30 10 17 19 20 16 18 36 29

23 24 SS

20 21 18 20 20 20 22 35 30 15 20 34 26 5 18 30 16 24 7 25 36 30 27 19 19 27 6 20 19 17 23 20 19 Condominium Development 30 21 37 21 18 17 28 9

39 29 9

W 30 2 7

20 27 12" 8

28 37 28 28 11

5 me

30 4 29 30 29 9

1 30

25 35 29 28 37 10 FOUNTAIN 26 24 28 18 37 25 22 26 27 26 20 A 21 11

37 21 31 20 19 20 22 19 22 20 37 25 12 SD 18 30 21 20 26 29 17 23 19

30" 27 19 18 15 17 16 24 5 31 37 17 20 23 23 19 17 25 16 19 34 32 16 15 14 22 28 14 23 27 9 38 16 28 23 16 16 20 15 13 21 8 13 27 19 28 24 28 14 22 14 15 12 14 26 18 15 13 38 15 22 15 25 38 10 21 11 24 14 14 12 20 15 12 25 14

21 25 20

20 10 11 11 21 31 13 14 12 14 10 24 15 12 9 28 24 26 20

13 11 24 9

27 24 9 24

13 9 9 18 12

10 21 19 23

28 25 9 25 17 13 12 11 9 21

25 39 9

9 33 23 10 11 22 36 9

32 19 25 16 21

9 9 38 24 20

13 12 22

11 23 22 8

22 9 9 24 23 16 28 22

8 25 22 10 10 32 9 21 28 21 16 22

34 12 9 23

13 11 20 9 19 26 14 9 27

34 35 32 11 20 21 18 11 32 19

15 21 10 14

16 21 19 e 23 27 31 32 12 20 36 20 11 22

30 17 16 13 14 27 12 12 19 25 11 13 16 14 19 18

15 22

19 16 6 15 16 v 14 16 18 20

30 32 37 21

20 25 19 12

21 20 10 13

i 18 21 19 21

35 22 20

13 24 24 24

22 24

25 24 20 SD 25 33 25 25

21 27 13 24 25

5 r

31 23 19

1 30" 34 17 20

24 31 25 24 17 24 24 21 29 25 35 12 24

29 19 20 22

30 18 27 24 25 19 20 18 15

D 18 14 27 26 23 18 14 21

28 22 21 19 12 15

13 10 9 8 8 12 22 15 9 9 7 6 5 7 27

10" 24 22 15 7 19 10 9 7 8 5 9 23

23 9 6

10 8 5 6 23

31 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 5 5 10 25 22 SS 16 13 12 9 8 7 23 10 7 35 25 20 2 17

6 27 26

7 19 21 23 14

n 21

13 17 4 24 20 21

11 26 21 25

21 35 24 13

i 8 24 22 25

15 9 25 25 24 14 24

6 17 26 a

8 22 21

14 11 25 20 25 23

12 25 22 t 26

11 14 24 27 5 29 36 S

30 23

10 14 21 n 7

10 16 5 22 24

20 24 23 18 28 21 9 9 a 21

u 27

25 SD 11 17

36" 7 26 22 18 23 34 6 23 27 27 19

25 24 24

7 c 26 20 29 8 o 26 16 27

5 22 24 25

24 8 15 28 21 20 28

30 10 22 25 32 23 23 25 20 25 34 26 25 18 r

19 25 21 F 33 9 35 25 13 26 17 17

31 28 6 25 26 26 26 20 22 22 24 0 17 8 a 24 15 23 12 2 JTS Parcel 13 38 23 26 25 25 23 21 12 20

26 26 20 11 7 22

17 9 25 6 24 30 m 27 15 5 21 20 27 28 25 6 15 25

8 15 5 27 23 20

19 23 28 39 6 7 21 22 25 28 22 9 6 22 31 5 21 17 24 20 8 26 21 10 15 10 28 28 25 21 6 Legend e 8 16 12 23 16 9 5 29 22 7 29 26

25 21 14 21 7 27 30 12 18 22 18 28

7 7 24 n 9 5 29

19 13 18 26 6 26 6 14

11 10

14 22 29 5 28 19 18 5

21 22 16 11 20 20 7 t 7 12 29 15 6 22

25 18 15 12" 20 37 12 Proposed California 6 13 o 24

18 8 26 SD 22 22 13 30

SS 23 M A N 17

36" 9 29 21 K FERGUSON 9 29 20 35 10 10 26 25 21 21 22 8 23

R 6" SS 21 7 15"SD 18 14 21 36 8 20 34 21 A 14 27 21 16 7 6 Indian Heritage Property Line 21

22 20 P 30 21 5 28 17

21 24"SD WRI 13 12 11 21 20 22 23 24 22 S

25 19 8" SS 36 20 15 6 18 13 13 18 20 23 18 19 28 26 20 26 11 19 12" SS 21 14 LIGHTHOUSE 21 19 R 54" SD 27 10 7 21 25

8" SS 20 7 21 Center and 9 21 20

12 13 22 g 26 9 i h L 18 t 28 12" SS h 23 8 OR 19

o 25 26 24 u 16 11 23

24 21 s 14

54" SD 30 10 12 e 24 22 38 i 21.07 TS 24

20 8 12

25 22 D 11 16 19 23 26 25 29 1

C 37 21 State Park 17 11 5’ Contour 20 22 r

17 7

7 R 23

21 31 27 20 i 15 27 16

10" SS 5 v 11 18 E 12 23 19 13

20 28 25

e 17 e T 6 8 24 17 38 21 22 17 31 13 23 7 A 20 22 11

28 24 26 Grupe 20 41 40 26 21 Site 9 20

13 19 18 21 12 W 6 11

20 41

20 23 15 21 r 19 23 9 9 40 16 18 8

20 24 20 8

27 28 26 20 8

22 18 26 7 19 20 23

6 19

22 16 16 15

24 19 23 9 19 20 24 20 5 Parcel 10

25 14

20 9 54" SD 29 7

11 16 1’ Contour 29 22

1 20 10" SS 21

Watercolors 23 39 7 8 26 8 7 25 14 19

6 28

24 22 9 21 12 12 25 22 20 22 WATERCOURSE 5 20 18 38 5 19 24 19 7 20 24 24

38 9 20

24 17 14 8

29 23 8 20 20 19 19 27 20 21 37 13 12 16 8 17 14 7 17 24 38 23 29

24 18 9 6 22

39 Housing Development26

17 19

20 24 6 24 18 20 25 15 26 20 20 20 23 7 28

39 21 18 8

6 25

39 25 18 25 20 20 26 5 16 11 22 23 7 19 22 15 20

39 5 24 23 7 19 26 10 19 25 18 9 25 28

16" W 26 12 23

20 10 24 7 27 22 20 12 31 17

14 23 33 23 5 15 30 5 14 33 30 21 15 25 24 7 24 23 29 16 6 W 19 20 14 5 13 6 29

16 7 21 21 22 21 32 10 28 31 25 22 20 a 23 35 8

37 12 17 28 23 12 t 17 24 33 20

23 13 20 25 e Existing Water Line

11 36 29 25 26 13 18

5 34 10 r

23 16 10 25 26 c 17 32 27 13 32 19 28 20 9 24 21

26 o 35 9 20 30 27 16

30 5

23 31 24 19

24 21

u 24 5 6 19 29

23 35

10 9 33 8 26 31

r 8

25 25 7 22 13 33 22 54" 20 5 24 35 s 10 27 31 31 17 12 20 35 34

SD 28

e 23 7 19 25 14

5 30

32 7 23 25 21 21 33 24 34 14 24

19 0 19 36 19 36 19 33 30 1 17 24 L 9 22 25 24 31 8 12 19 8 29 Existing Sanitary Sewer 24 9 19 25 21 18 a 23 15 25 24 38 30

24 11 6 27 6

36 35 1 21 n 20 31 23 17 29 25 20 21 19 10 7 30

19 15 20 17 28 19 27 11 15 24

e 21 19 20 25 14 26 20 22 20 25 23

23 10 29 6 28 20

1 27 25 26 19 19 26 16

28 21 25 19 21 20 21 25 23 25 13 20 28 24

30 5

25 14 39

24 19 20 25 21 24 22 27 7 19 20 10

24 20 30

22 39 18

14 13 29 18 26 10 25 20 24 19

Existing Storm Drain 22 25 7

21 28 21 28 26 20 23 20 11 27 24 19 26 6

29 35 25 16 19 25 0

28 17 15 15

19 23 2 19 21

24 27 20 26 25 23 12 30 31 16 24 26 19 28 27 12 5

37 6

23 21 26

14 17 10 26 Watercolor Lane 6 21 19 9 31 7

22 20 9 10" 7 23

10 13 18

18 8 8 6 20 23 7 11 27 26 24 9

30 36 8 23

19 20 27

9 17 SS 25 22 7 8 21 26 26

20 25 9

2 11

6 8 9 15 18 9 14 24 7 27 9 12 22 13 25 35 28 24 21 12 11 22 27 27

21 25 17

23 24 5 20 26 23 20 19 1 27 8 8 14 8 7 8 25 26 12 2 27 32 18 27 15 21 19 25 16 9 16 26 24

24 11 13 25 27 13 12 15 10 19 17 22 19 18 22 16

27 22 33 17 10 26 23

24 27 20 14 26 27 22 19 19 15 18 25

26 24 17 16 24 12

24 14 14 20 19 20 27 21 17 21 21 21 18 21

15 5 15 19 23 18 28 20 27 12 14 17 16 19 21 24 19 27 17 25 20 17 20 27 17 16 21 22 26 24 18 23 18 20 27 22 22 21 28 29 26

16 12 25 20 23 30 10 15

26 18 25 15 23

24 19 24 28 17 15 12 30 29 19 16 20 17

21 19 22 25

25 23 9 27 16 16 29 22 21 20 19 28 26 22 24 31 18 20 21 16 14 11 28 22 23 24 16 7 21 18 17 18 PP 17 15 19 24 20 30 16 17 14 20 21 22 27

30 25 18 29 21 24 30 12

19 23 27 18 18 24 23 20 14 19 19 16 24 16 26

16 12 29 15 16 16 21 26 29 18 21 19

11 18 30 29 17 30

23 12 15 17 21 15 18 19 20 16 22 24 13 22

27 26 15 19

26 25 26 24 20 15 18 20 34 15 7 19 21 17 22 19 24 14 28 23 22 20 26 19 24 10 19 30 17 14 13

17 16 8TH 20 19 21 15 8 12 18 9 20 36 21 15 23 19 19 25 30 30 25 6 15

20 21 28 27 11 16 18 15 26 14

18 37 20 22 19 14 20 8

19 24 20 27 14 27 11

Cummins Way 30 17 23 23 19 26 14 16

21 33 22 15 13 15 24

25 7 20 26 20 14 19 24 14 10

23 27 18 18 16 29 17

34 37 29 22 9

14 15 19 20 13

24 21 1 27 19 9 26 15 14 19 24 19

36 15 25 16 6 17 20 8 23 27 14 13 28

23 24 16 28

14 14 25 32 14 37 22 20

26 21 14 23 7 CUMMINS

11 26 18 28 20 24 26 14 18 15 5 20 22 18

4 27 16

19 36 14

25 1 10 20 20 24 31 13

19 21 28 27 17 6 18 15 28 20 17 14 20 19 19 14 14

14 21

23 25 12 37 9

22 23 22 21 35 27 5 25 18 8

19 23 15 27 15 7 20 19 10

20 19 14 22 16 28 20 17 36 15 20 31 14 14 24 17 9 17 12 25 26 7 15 27 16

20 6

20 23 16 19 23

33 18 14 23 24 22 18 11

18 16 19 21 21 27 15 5 34 37 37 27

10 17 24 14 27 22 21 20 25 23 14 19 19 19 19 8 26 28 23 22 16

0 36 32 23 17 15

2 22 18 21 19 14 16 14 6 20 22 22 14 9 26 15 18

Bryte 25 15 22 25 14 21 29

21 34 17 19 20

23 28 37 16 28 7 37 27

23 14 15 19 16 19 14 9 11 27 28 22 CIRI Parcel

4 26 36 8 15 16

2 21 15

18 17 26 32

36 10 15 7 20 23 20 18 19 18 17 22 35 14 10 23 14 27 22

37 11 Neighborhood 14

20 23

25 14 16 16 32 24 20 19 13 9 22 25 15 15 14 22 17 27 24 33 37 15 21 8 26 19 20 12 22 27 23 26 18 6

37 14 17 28 16 17 28 7 30 14 14 23 21 21 20 9 14 25 36 19 14 29 23 30 15 19 13 27

22 14 22

14 21 18 25 24 17 18 26 32 14 34 17 29 26 22 7 13 21

Welland WayWELLAND 22

11 22 15 29 25 23 13 34 29 15 8 18 28

37 35 29 15 10 21 14 26 16

14 9

24 31 27 20

17 8 36 13 26

32 6

22 19 21 22 24 13 1

32 18 10

24 27

21 15 19 6 37 22 25 9 14 23 17

14 1

20 28 15 12 27 33 14 28 22 14 17 20 22

21 27 26 18

36 27 27 24 11 32 38 13 25 17 14 21 20 14

31 26 21

28 14 8 16 26 25 22 21

14 15 38 21 23 36 23 21 20 18 15 16 12 29 33 28 19 16 20 7

20 26 22 23 14 23 14 35 21 22 17 9 25 19 14 30 14 23 20 38 17 14 20 6

10 25 6th St. 21 27 16 22 15 30 24 15 21 21 22 20 5 23 23 21 20 22 19 27 37 15 27 13 8 38 31 14 23 18 19 27 26 24 22 23 20

21 14 26 21 22 11

21 25 21 19 17 34 16 18 15 24 35 23 24 20 21 23 20 38 25 12

20 28 14 14 22 18 22 20 14 23 24

18 23

19 8 31 20 25 20 14 16 24 20 25 19 36 24 26 27 13 7 18 22 29 14 21 21 23 9 17 38 23 22 23 19 35 20 19 14 19 20

24 21 25 22 30 21 18 23

9 16 22 37 24 22 22 19 39 14 20 21 33 14 17 24 28 15 21 24 22 23 22 13 22 15 21 22 23 36 15 23 23 19 14 31 20 23 22 11 25 14 20 23 15 20 38 19 16 21 20 30 17 15 24 12 16 15 16 19 23

James St. 21

26 20

24 33 21 19 17 22 17 20 15 15 22 19 36 23 22 11 16 20 23 22 22 17 24 25 29 23 22 16 16 24 18 JAMES 20 38 24 24 22 18 16 A Street 17 10 21 16 24 21 31 23 17 17 15 21 21 21 17 24 21 21 19 20 16

20 7 16 24 23 2221 20 20 23 33 27 25 24 20 20 23 26 19 20 9 28 29 26 26 18 19 20 26 29 24 22 17 25 18 19 22 30 32 32 25 18 18 20 17 31 25 23 8 A 35 34 29 24 23 24 17 17 18 17 12 16 5 21 34 32 31 24 20 16 22 28 35 22 20 37 36 22 9 23 21 21 6 29 25 22 19 17 31 28 12 21 22 29 32 24 23 22 20 27 25 24 23 19 16 11 23 31 34 36 25 25 24 20 25 22 23 22 8 REUTER 24 33 30 26 24 15 33 31 26 21 25 31 25 24 14 21 33 32 20 35

34 30 21 16 25 37 29 19

0 ALVIN 23 34

2 19 36 27

25 19 13 37 23 Alvin St. 24 34 26 11 22 26 37 20 21 21 23 25 30 35 12 4TH

20 24 22 10 26 23 13

Broderick 15 8

6TH 20 5 20 7 11 14

21 18 20 16 26 9 25 31 21 33

20 19 20 27

25 25 27 25 21 24 21 20 30 17 Boat Ramp24 19 15 23 24 13 21 25 16 Andrew St. 22 35 32 17 19 24 22 19 20 21 23 23 21 8 21 26 28 25 9 12 25 22 21 22 15 23 25 24 20 34 24

11 15 24 32 21 4 ANDREW 21 31 31 18 32 12 16 19 25 23 21 24 9 13 20 22 8 8 25 30 26 9 17 11 26 25 20 21 35 10 18 20 16 13 21 14 25 25 23 15 23 33 21 22 27 23 9 26 28 24 18 12 9 14 8 21 9 14 16 24 11 20 26 30 32 17 7 26 19 22 28 21 26 35 22 12 5 23 23 23 8 25 0 29 33 16 12 26 21 4 21 20 18 24 21 36 31 25 22 2 13 23 18 21 16 9 8 18 20 25 6 24 11 8 23 26 16 25 9 8 31 21 15 25 26 22 14 10 10 17 19 25 23 22 20 21 32 21 7 23 13 24 19 23 6 35 31 27 12 9 9 14 18 24 18 22 24 21 5 11 11 34 25 12 10 8 15 22 22 4 35 32 32 26 24 18 15 23 16 19 23 11 14 8 8 10 19 26 22 16

12 20 25 5 30 28 21 11 34 33 24 13 35 22 15 26 17 13 9 15 20 4 33 23 20 10 9 27 23 12 10 8 38 37 34 25 22 16 18 24 25 13 7 39 27 9 8 20 18

30 11 22 6 25 33 9 13 16 22 10 15 39 15 22 12 19 5 8 14 17 24 19 37 24 8 40 23 37 32 28 21 14 10 15 21 13 7 27 11 18 17

23 6 39 13 9 12 20 35 33 26 5TH 38 10 41 18 22 5 17 8 14 16 15 28 32 19 4 14 11 19 31

37 7 22 8 40 26 21 13 9 36 30 24 11 8 21 33 15 7 11 29 20 17 9 17 21 7

37 10 22 28 23 16 12 18 35 32 11 4 14 19 16 8 30 21

15 13 5 B 27 22 11 7 29 19 13 14 18 25 8 15 19 12 10 9 6 23 7 20 20 28 20 12 9 17 17 26 16 8 11 8 15 18 7 6 12 19 14 WILLIAM 12 9 27 23 15 11 6 20 17 4 9 8 18 8 9 10 14 18 7 18 5 5 16 15 13

14 16 7 13 6 9 12 19 12 5 5 1 10 7 5

9 9 8 4

6 14 16 8 B Street 9 11 5 4 15 17 4 6 10 6 8 10 12 13 12 7 4 8 6 5

4th St. 5th St.

3RD

ELIZABETH WASHINGTON 2ND

8TH

Feet 0 50 100scale 1”200 = 400’300 400 : Figure 3. East Riverfront Property, Site Survey 0 100 200 300 400 Source: Nolte Engineering, 2007 26 Site Description

Parcels, Adjacencies, and Land Use

ADJACENT PARCELS NEIGHBORING COMMUNITIES

The Redevelopment Agency of the City of West The Rivers Community Sacramento owns the majority of the parcels at the A 200-acre master-planned community called “The East Riverfront Property. The site is comprised of nine Rivers” is located to the north, west and southwest of parcels totaling 39.93 acres of land (Figure 3). The the site. This development includes single family homes State of California owns a series of 5 small parcels that and condominiums. Portions of the community are make up the beach and waterfront adjacent to the site. gated, with an access gate located on Fountain Drive at These state-owned parcels total 4.79 acres. the entrance to the Rivers community.

JTS Communities, Inc. and The Grupe Company Parcels Watercolors Community An adjacent 4.52± acre site, owned by JTS Part of The Rivers development, this group of single- Communities, Inc., is immediately west of the site and family homes is located southwest of the site and is not north of Marina Way. This parcel and a 1.73± acre site, gated. The streets are private. south of Marina Way, owned by the Grupe Company are viewed as a potential gateway to the site. These parcels Regatta Community are privately owned and could potentially be added to These condominiums are also part of The Rivers the site to accommodate both neighborhood and CIHC development and are located west of the site, along serving uses. Fountain Drive. The Regatta community is still under development by JTS.

Metro Place Community This urban infill development was completed in 2003 2004 and has 58 housing units including single family residences, live-work lofts and apartments. It is built on one square block between Third and Fourth streets and between B and C streets.

27 WEST SACRAMENTO COMMUNITIES

Broderick/Washington Community Bryte Community The community of Washington, later called Broderick, The community of Bryte started in 1910 when a San saw its beginning as early as 1849 when the recently Francisco real estate company purchased part of the widowed Margaret McDowell hired a surveyor to map old Bryte ranch and subdivided it, initially calling the 160 acres of land next to her garden. By October she community Riverbank. By the end of 1912 they had had legally established the boundaries of her property, sold 430 lots. Some of the first residents were railroad and had created a town plat with forty-one blocks, workers who took advantage of the inexpensive terms calling the town Washington, a name it would hold until of the loans they were offered, but most of the residents 1901. While only across the river from Sacramento, it were immigrants. Italians, Portuguese, Russians and remained a rural community with its main businesses Japanese were attracted by the promise of cheap, relying on the river, mainly through a shipyard that fertile land. The citizens of Riverbank changed its built and repaired riverboats. While the shipyard name to Bryte when they opened the post office and thrived, Washington would remain in the shadow of discovered they would be confused with the Riverbank Sacramento. Its population remained steady at 1,500 in Stanislaus County (Walters 1987). (Walters 1987). By 1920 Bryte was a quiet, self sufficient community The community of Washington never incorporated and would remain so through the early 1950s. Even and by 1914, due to the efforts of a group called in the post-war period, Bryte remained primarily the Washington Improvement Club, the name was a residential community with little commercial changed to Broderick. Broderick remained primarily development. The only substantive change was the an unincorporated residential community until the City development of another residential community, Elkhorn of West Sacramento was incorporated in 1987, joining Village, located between Broderick and Bryte. A golf Broderick, Bryte and West Sacramento into one city course and clubhouse, the Riverbend Golf and Country (Walters 1987). Club, was added to this community in 1967. Like Broderick, the area was incorporated as part of the City of West Sacramento in 1987 (Walters 1987).

28 LAND USE

The entire project site falls under the zoning designation “WF” or Waterfront Zone. According to the Title 17 City Zoning Ordinance of the City of West Sacramento (COWS) Municipal Code, Waterfront Zones (or Riverfront Mixed Use as designated in the General Plan) provide for “marinas, restaurants, retail, amusement, hotel and motel uses, mid-rise and high- rise offices, multi-family residential units which are oriented principally to the river, public and quasi-public uses, and similar and compatible uses.” (COWS 2005, 17.22.052).

Adjacent land uses include: View near the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers from the East Riverfront Property (east main drainage). Source: EDAW, 2006 R-2: Residential One-Family or Multi-Family Zone This zone allows for “single-family and multi-family residential units, public and quasi-public uses, and similar and compatible uses. Residential densities shall be in the range of 5.1 to 12.0 units per gross acre.” (COWS 2005, 17.22.024).

R-3: Multi-Family Residential According to the zoning ordinance, this zone “provides for single-family and multi-family residential units, groups, quarters, public and quasi-public uses, and similar and compatible uses. Residential densities shall be in the range of 12.1 to 25.0 units per gross acre.” (COWS 2005, 17.22.024).

29 Figure 4. View from Regatta Lane

Figure 5. View from Fountain Drive

Figure 6. View from Lighthouse Drive

Figure 7. View from Discovery Park

Figures 4, 5, 6, 7. Views to the East Riverfront Property from the adjacent neighborhood and across the Sacramento River Source: EDAW, 2008 30 8

4 7 5

Visual Setting 6

Visual impacts of development on the East Riverfront Key Plan Property are limited. Views of development can become Key Plan for Figures 4, 5, 6 ,7, 8. more apparent from across the Sacramento River, Discovery Park and the Richards Boulevard area. As shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6, views from adjacent Portions of the site are at an elevation that provide neighborhoods are limited, due to the fact that the site expansive views. Dramatic views of Discovery Park and is bounded by a levee that is approximately 14 feet the confluence of the American and Sacramento rivers higher than adjacent homes. Views west across the river exist where openings occur in the river edge vegetation. from downtown Sacramento, shown in Figure 7, can The skylines of the cities of Sacramento and West be somewhat filtered by mature trees located along the Sacramento can be seen from several locations, visually Sacramento River bank. connecting the CIHC with Sacramento, the State Capital of California.

Figure 8. East Riverfront Property looking South from northwestern corner of site

31 Rivercrest Drive

The Rivers Housing Development

Gate Discovery Park

200 Year Flood Elevation 33.9 Feet* *Per the August 2007 Northwest Hydraulic Consultants The Regatta at the Rivers Memorandum Condominium Development

25 MPH STREET)

(

e e

n n

i Approximate location of Proposed

Non-Vehicular Bridge to Richards t

n Blvd. Area

(per Sacramento Riverfront Master Plan, o

2005) F JTS Parcel Legend Proposed California Indian Heritage Property Line ay Center and W a n ri State Park L i g h t h a Existing Access from Lighthouse Drive o u s e M D r Site i v e Grupe (PU Existing Access from 4th Street BL Parcel IC Watercolors S TR Housing Development E Minimum Required Bicycle Access E T W ) a te r Minimum Required Pedestrian Access c o u r s e

L Existing Public Streets a

n e e Existing Private Streets Watercolor Lane Existing River Access

Existing Public Parking Cummins Way

Bryte Neighborhood CIRI Parcel

Welland Way

6th St.

James St. A Street

River Access Point

Alvin St. Broderick Andrew St. Boat Ramp

5th St.

4th St.

scale 1” = 400’ Figure 9. East Riverfront Property, Existing Site Access 0 100 200 300 400 Source: EDAW, 2008 32 Access and Circulation

BICYCLE PEDESTRIAN

According to the 1991 “West Sacramento Bicycle and Existing and planned pedestrian trails are located Pedestrian Path Master Plan,” Fountain Drive and along the Sacramento River and need to be taken into Lighthouse Drive are designated Class II Bikeways, with account in the CIHC masterplan. To the north, there bike lanes or shoulders (Callander 1991). is an existing informal riverfront footpath adjacent to The Rivers residential community. There are plans to construct a narrow formalized pedestrian trail in this location, approximately 4 - 6 feet in width. There are no constructed pedestrian trails directly south of the site. The River Walk Park located between West Capitol Avenue and E Street is the closest constructed riverfront promenade that is planned to extend north and connect to and through the site in a less formal manner.

There are existing paved public sidewalks along both sides of Fountain Drive, Lighthouse Drive and Marina Way.

The existing levee road (County Road 136), serves primarily as a service road and does not have formal pedestrian sidewalks.

33 FUTURE BICYCLE, PEDESTRIAN AND TRAIL VEHICULAR DEVELOPMENT Figure 1 shows the site in relation to nearby interstate The City of West Sacramento has created a draft freeways, state routes and public transportation routes. update to their “West Sacramento Bicycle and This figure also shows the most likely vehicular routes Pedestrian Path Trail Master Plan” (Callander when traveling from Sacramento to the site. Typically, Associates 1991). Although the draft plan update has vehicles will access the site from Lighthouse Drive not yet been adopted, it provides design guidelines which is a public road. Marina Way, which extends for future development and needs to be taken into from Lighthouse Drive to the western site boundary, account in the CIHC masterplan (COWS Draft Update). is also a public road. The northern end of the site has an additional access point to Fountain Drive, a public The 2003 Sacramento Riverfront Plan calls for a road. Immediately north of this access point, Fountain “Pedestrian/Bicycle Circulation” route that is planned Drive becomes a private road and is gated. Access to to run from the I Street Bridge, north on 1st Street, the south of the site may also be gained from the levee onto the levee road within the East Riverfront Property road. and back onto Fountain Drive (WRT 2003). See Figure 9.

PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE ACROSS THE SACRAMENTO RIVER

The 2003 Sacramento Riverfront Master Plan, adopted by the City of West Sacramento, calls for a “Lighthouse to Richards Non-Vehicular Bridge” (WRT 2003). This bridge would run from the terminus of Richards Boulevard in Sacramento, across the river to the northern portion of the East Riverfront Property. In the implementation strategy section of the Riverfront masterplan, this bridge is listed as a long-term project under the “16+ Years Master Plan Actions” list (WRT 2003).

34 PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

Current Public Transportation

Yolobus The Yolobus regional bus route provides service to and from the project site. Route 40 runs along Lighthouse Drive. Routes 40C and 41C, the West Sacramento commuter routes, provide service between West Sacramento and Downtown Sacramento Monday through Friday at peak hours only (Yolobus Web Site).

Sacramento Regional Transit Regional Transit is the Sacramento region’s major public transit line. The RT currently has a line that runs near View of Jibboom Street Bridge and Discovery Park at the the project site at F Street between 3rd and 4th Streets. confluence of the Sacramento and American Rivers. This is Capital Shuttle #140 Ziggurat-Downtown and Source: EDAW, 2006 it runs peak hours only, Monday through Friday (RT System Map).

Future Public Transportation

Historic Streetcar In 2006 West Sacramento, Sacramento, the Yolo that only the initial route shown in the study has been County Transit District and the Sacramento Regional analyzed and that this near-term extension route will not Transit District joined forces to secure grant funds to be implemented without further study. conduct a feasibility study to look at the possibility of establishing a streetcar to run between West Sacramento and Sacramento. In the 2007 Downtown/ Riverfront Streetcar Study, a “near-term extension route” is shown that runs along the Tower Bridge up 3rd Street toward the Ziggurat building (JPA 2007). Advice from the City of West Sacramento indicates

35 The Rivers

Discovery Park

NORTHERN PLATEAU

American River Proposed California Indian Heritage The Regatta Center and Sacramento River at the Rivers State Park Site

SMALL

BORROW

e e

PIT

BEACH r

n n

LEVEE ZONE

Legend F

JTS Parcel RIVERFRONT

POND / Property Line EDGE INTERMITTENT L i g h t h o u WETLAND 33 ft s e D r i v Grupe e Parcel 0-5 ft

Watercolors Housing Development 5.01 - 10 ft

10.01 - 15 ft

15.01 - 20 ft

20.01 - 25 ft

25.01 - 30 ft Bryte CIRI Parcel Neighborhood 30.01 - 35 ft

35.01 - 40 ft

A Street 40.01 - 45 ft Broderick Boat Ramp RED Indicates Site Landform / LABEL Topographical Feature

5th St.

4th St.

scale 1” = 400’ Figure 10. East Riverfront Property, Existing Topography 0 100 200 300 400 Source: EDAW, 2008 36 Topography

Although the site topography is relatively flat, there are RIVER LEVEE AND PERMITTING some critical elevation points related to the hydrology of the site that need to be taken into account in the The river levee is easily identified on site by the existing CIHC masterplan (Figure 10). Elevation 33.9 is the levee service road. The elevation of this road ranges designated 200-year flood elevation according to a from 36 - 41 feet above mean sea level (amsl). study developed by Northwest Hydraulic Consultants for the East Riverfront Property (NHC 2003, 2). Any Construction on or near the levee will require an structures built on the water side of the levee will be encroachment permit from the Department of Water constructed with a finish floor elevation one to two feet Resources Central Valley Flood Protection Board, above this elevation to ensure additional clearance from formerly known as The Board of Reclamation. Title 23 this potential flood event. of the California Code of Regulation outlines standards that govern what may or may not be constructed within There is a pond/intermittent wetland (Figure 10) on site the ten-foot zone at the toe of the land-side levee (CCR that is approximately 30 feet deep. At its lowest point, 2008). the pond/intermittent wetland is “3 feet [mean sea level] according to Kleinfelder 2003.” The pond/intermittent Initial discussions with the Department of Water wetland, a former borrow pit from excavation related to Resources engineers have indicated that changes to the planned development in the 1980s, has steep sides, levee, such as an alternative access road that ramps up “no apparent outlets,” and the “water levels fluctuate and onto the existing levee road for vehicular access to with the water level of the Sacramento River” (DPR the site could be considered during the design phase of 2007, 23). A small borrow pit was excavated to the the project. Proposed construction of this nature would north of the pond/intermittent wetland as a result of the require early review and coordination with DWR and the same planned development in the 1980s. local levee or reclamation district in order to obtain the required encroachment permit. A lower zone (elevation 5 - 10 feet) along the Sacramento River forms a beach with direct access to the water. A good portion of the topography is primarily flat, between elevations 30 - 40 feet above mean sea level. A level area is visible on the northern part of the site, between the small borrow pit and the edge of The Rivers development. This northern zone is ideal to accommodate some of the larger open space programs, such as the gathering circles and Native games fields (refer to Section 5 for site layout). 37 The Rivers

Discovery Park

PROPOSED CALIFORNIA INDIAN HERITAGE CENTER AND STATE PARK SITE The Regatta at the Rivers

Small 200 Year Flood Elevation Borrow (1)

Pit 33.9 Feet

e e Minimum ground floor elevation

recommended for proposed buildings

equals 35.0 feet (1)

n n

F JTS Parcel Legend

Pond / Property Line L i g h Intermittent t h o u s e Wetland Waters of the U.S.: D r i v Grupe e Sacramento / American Rivers Parcel

Watercolors Pond/Intermittent Wetland Housing Development

Small Borrow Pit Ordinary High 200 Year Flood Elevation (1) Water+33.9 ft Mark (1929)

(1) CIRI 19.0 Feet PARCEL Ordinary High Water Mark (1929 NGVD) +19.0 ft

Bryte Recommended Building Pad Elevation (1) Neighborhood +35.0 ft

A Street (1) Per CIHC Hydraulic Assessment Memorandum prepared by Northwest Hydraulic Consultants, August 2007. Broderick Boat Ramp

5th St.

4th St.

Figure 2. Facilities Concept Plan Aug. 2nd, 2007 Scale 1” = 100’ 0 50 100 200 300 scale 1” = 400’ Figure 11. East Riverfront Property, Hydrology 0 100 200 300 400 Source: CIHC Hydraulic Assessment by Northwest Hydraulic Consultants, 2007 38 Hydrology

JURISDICTIONAL WATERS OF THE U.S. FLOODING

EDAW biologists have studied the conditions on site The project site is located within the floodplain of the in order to determine which areas are “jurisdictional Sacramento River and is part of the Sacramento River wetlands and other waters of the United States subject Flood Control Project designed and constructed by the to [United States Army Corps of Engineers] jurisdiction U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. It is also situated on under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act” (EDAW the levee under the jurisdiction of Department of Water August 2004, 6). The results of these findings, updated Resources (DWR), part of the State Maintenance Area with the latest findings from the California Department 4. of Parks and Recreation, are illustrated in Figure 11. The site’s location near the confluence of the The pond/intermittent wetland on the CIHC site qualifies Sacramento and American Rivers creates a unique as USACE jurisdictional wetlands. hydrologic situation. According to the 2007 DPR environmental evaluation: Additionally, any portion of the site that is below the 19 foot Ordinary High Water Mark is considered USACE When flow in the Sacramento River exceeds 55,000 jurisdictional Waters of the U.S. cubic feet per second (cfs), the excess flows spill into the Fremont Weir and then into the Yolo Bypass. The small borrow pit in Figure 11 is not a wetland, but it The Sacramento Weir was designed to relieve is USACE jurisdictional because it is below the Ordinary floodflows on the Sacramento River caused by high High Water Mark. It is not a wetland because hydric inflows from the American River. At times of high soils are not present. According to the 1987 USACE Sacramento and American River floodflows, the Wetlands Delineation Manual, there must be evidence Sacramento weir occasionally causes a reversal of of “one positive wetland indicator from each parameter the direction of flow from the American River up the (hydrology, soil and vegetation)... in order to make a Sacramento River and into the Yolo Bypass via the positive wetland determination” (USACE Manual 1987). weir (DPR 2007, 28). The United States Department of Agriculture Natural The Department of Water Resources Division of Flood Resources Conservation Service [NRCS] currently Management’s fact sheet for the Sacramento River defines hydric soils as “soils that are sufficiently wet in Flood Control Project states that “the weir gates are not the upper part to develop anaerobic conditions during opened until the river reaches 27.5 feet at the I Street the growing season” (USDA NRCS 2008). Based gage with a forecast to continue rising. This gauge is on these parameters, the small borrow pit is not a about 1,000 feet upstream from the I Street Bridge, and jurisdictional wetland. 39 about 3,500 feet downstream from the mouth of the The Ordinary High Water Mark is generally construed to American River.” The gates are opened to meet either indicate the normal highest stage observed on the river of two criteria: 1) to prevent the stage at the I Street every year. The 2007 NHC Memorandum identifies the Bridge from exceeding 29 feet, or 2) to hold the stage Ordinary High Water Mark as 19 feet (NGVD 1929), at the downstream end of the weir to 27.5 feet (DWR although a final determination for Ordinary High Water 2003, 4). would have to be made in coordination with the Corps’ 404 permitting activities (NHC 2007, 3). Flooding Although flood control measures are in place for the experienced on the site will generally be at or below the Sacramento River, the site needs to be planned to 19 foot Ordinary High Water Mark (Figure 11). meet USACE permitting requirements. Overnight uses, including residences, are not permitted on the wet (east) side of the levee. The proposed CIHC structures and buildings to serve public uses are permitted, as long as they are located higher than the 200-year flood elevation.

Flood elevations along the Sacramento River are currently under review. According to the DPR report, the USACE and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) “are currently in the process of updating floodplain maps based upon ... new hydraulic studies” (DPR 2007, 29). Ultimately, FEMA will confirm updated flood designations. The “CIHC Hydraulic Assessment Memorandum” identifies the 200-year flood elevation as33.9 feet and 100-year flood as 32.8 feet (NHC 2007). Proposed building pads will be established at elevation 35.0 feet to provide further protection (Figure 11).

While finished floor elevations have been established using the 200-year flood elevation and the adjacent levee height, the Ordinary High Water Mark is also a reliable indication of typical annual flooding on the site.

40 HYDRAULIC IMPLICATIONS OF DEVELOPMENT

In the past, levee modifications had been considered for the development of various projects on this property. A 2003 Northwest Hydraulic Consultants report titled “Hydraulic Analysis Report, East Riverfront Property, Levee Relocation Project” (NHC 2003) studied the implications of relocating approximately 2,000 feet of levee at the East Riverfront site for the potential siting of a Governor’s Mansion. The report was generated as part of a study evaluating the feasibility of building a Governor’s Mansion on this site. Although no levee relocation is being considered for the development of the CIHC, fill areas similar to those in the 2003 NHC Study have been identified. The main conclusion of the Flooding at the Northgate site. NHC report was used during the CIHC masterplanning Source: EDAW, 2005 effort. This comparison confirmed “that the new additional fill in the floodway would potentially raise the flood elevation by 0.05 feet, [which is a change in elevation] considered insignificant” (DPR 2007, 29).

Additionally, an earlier study generated for the Lighthouse Marina project (Smith 1986), noted that development on the East Riverfront Property will not have a significant impact on the hydrology of the site (DPR 2007, 29).

Although the hydrologic impact for the proposed development of the CIHC project may be minimal, “a detailed hydraulic modeling assessment would likely be required by the” Central Valley Flood Control Board for floodway encroachment permitting (NHC 2007, 3) as part of the planning and design process.

41 Geology and Soils

The site is primarily comprised of Lang sandy loam, BANK EROSION according to the soil data provided in the 2004 EDAW study (EDAW June 2004). Small portions of the site to “Based on 1927 and 1986 aerial photography, rates the north have Tyndall very fine sandy loam and Lang of bank retreat in the project area have been found to sandy loam, deep. average 1-2 feet per year over the 64-year period” (DPR 2007, 27). It is assumed that standard bank erosion Included on the site is a former river inlet, that control measures could be implemented on the banks according to the DPR report, adjacent to the project (hardscape if necessary), in addition to the enhancement of riparian vegetation and/ … is located in the portion of the Site north of or use of bioengineering methods to provide further the existing paved area. This inlet was reportedly protection. filled during the late 1960s to 1976. A 1971 aerial photo shows filling in progress, including angular A geotechnical report developed by Kleinfelder for the materials, most likely concrete rubble (Wallace Kuhl East Riverfront Property states that “… erosion is not 1997). This material could be encountered during anticipated to require mitigation other than the use of excavation or pile driving for the proposed Site erosion resistant soils for levee fills,” and a well-rooted buildings (DPR 2007, 24). cover of grasses (Kleinfelder 2003). The project will consider alternatives that are beneficial and appropriate at those locations. LIQUEFACTION AND ENGINEERED FILL The bank erosion rate is general and usually episodic, According to the DPR report, the site is susceptible to so a large amount of erosion may occur during a major liquefaction in the event of an earthquake: flood event, and then there may be years with little or no erosion. The loose sands and silts could be subject to liquefaction and lateral spreading in the event of a strong earthquake occurring when groundwater LEVEE levels (linked to river levels) are high. The loose soils also may require that any buildings be founded on The City of West Sacramento is currently working with pile, on mat foundations, or the building footprints USACE and DWR to study and upgrade all of its levees. may require over-excavation and replacement of This study has identified certain levee sections of the soils with engineered fill (DPR 2007, 32). levee located on the southern section of this property that will need to be repaired in the future. This will

42 Environmental Hazards

ideally occur concurrent with the site development. The According to the DPR Report, a number of former DPR report states: land uses on the site could have produced hazardous materials. “Former land use practices and facilities that Under-seepage through the existing levee is could have generated hazardous materials are: occurring in various reaches according to the Engineers Report (2007) prepared for the City of • Former boat repair facility and three West Sacramento and the West Sacramento Area underground storage tanks (USTs) Flood Control Agency. Reach 2 and Reach 8 are • Boat storage area adjacent to our Site. While the seepage affects • Former municipal water supply and treatment properties on the dry side of the levee, any failure or facility damage to the levee could impact [the CIHC] project • Former “Riverview Yacht Club” Site. According to the Engineer’s Report, Reach 2 • Former Chartroom restaurant and dock with has proposed cutoff walls (slurry walls) and a plan to UST raise the levee. Reach 8 has proposed cutoff walls, • UST at south property area raising the levee, flattening the levee slope, and • Abandoned septic systems providing erosion protection (DPR 2007, 32). • Piles of concrete rubble and deleterious materials (uncontrolled fill) • [Pond/intermittent wetland or] borrow pit (now being used as illegal dump site) (DPR 2007, 30).

Also of note are three former groundwater wells. “These decommissioned wells could be encountered if excavation is carried out or piles are driven in the area” (DPR 2007, 31).

Soils reports have indicated that “sampled soils should not pose a human health risk” and are therefore not a restriction to future development (DPR 2007, 31). This will be further evaluated during the CEQA process.

Remnants of former waterfront facilities at the East Riverfront Property. Source: EDAW, 2006 43 The Rivers

Discovery Park

The Regatta at the Rivers

e e

n n

F JTS Parcel Legend Proposed California Indian Heritage Center and Property Line L i g h State Park t h o u s e D Site Disturbed Annual Grassland r i v Grupe e Parcel Sand Bar Watercolors Housing Development Mixed Riparian Woodland

Riparian Scrub

Open Water - Existing Pond / Intermittent Wetland

Existing Tree Canopy

100 ft. Radius, Elderberry Shrub Bryte CIRI Parcel Complete Avoidance Zones Neighborhood

A Street

Broderick Boat Ramp

5th St.

4th St.

Scale 1” = 100’ 300 0 50 100 200 Figure 12. East Riverfront Property, Ecosystems scale 1” = 400’ 0 200 300 400 Source: Biological Resources Evaluation for the East Riverfront Property Levee Relocation, prepared by EDAW , 2003 44 Vegetation and Wildlife

HABITAT TYPES Riparian Scrub The habitat types listed below were outlined in the 2004 The project area has approximately 6 acres of the EDAW Sacramento Biological Resources Evaluation for riparian scrub habitat type. This type can be found the East Riverfront Property. These habitat types are in the small borrow pit north of the pond/intermittent mapped in Figure 12 and include: wetland. During the dry season, the small borrow pit is separated from the pond/intermittent wetland by a small Mixed Riparian Woodland levee. See the “Hydrology” section of this chapter for This habitat type covers approximately 24 acres of the more information. project area. The characteristics of this habitat differ in the northern and southern portions of the site. Disturbed Annual Grassland This habitat type can be found on approximately 13 In the northern two-thirds of the study area, acres of the study area. “This habitat is dominated by this habitat is relatively open and dominated by non-native grasses and weedy forbs” (EDAW August broadleaved, medium height, native and non 2004, 6). native trees. Mixed riparian woodland located in the southern third of the study area is much more Sandbar and Open Water developed with dense, tall, broadleaved trees As depicted in Figure 12, there is an unvegetated typically forming a closed canopy (EDAW August sandbar at the shoreline of the Sacramento River. Open 2004, 5). water on the site includes the pond/intermittent wetland and the Sacramento River (EDAW August 2004, 6).

45 WILDLIFE HABITAT CONSTRAINTS Swainson’s Hawk Habitat Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle (VELB) The DPR preliminary environmental report states that DPR conducted a survey in 2007 locating and mapping there “is a likelihood of Swainson’s hawks nesting existing Blue Elderberry (Sambucus mexicana), the within ½ mile of the project area.” Because of this, host plant for the federally threatened Valley Elderberry Department of Fish and Game (DFG) “would be Longhorn Beetle (Desmocerus californicus dimorphus). formally consulted” to determine potential impacts to See Figure 12 for these locations. the nesting zone. Seasonal avoidance could be effective and a buffer zone could be established. According to According to USFWS protocols, all Blue Elderberry the DPR report, this buffer zone could be a ¼ mile, but plants measuring 1.0 inch or greater diameter at this will ultimately be determined by DFG. Mitigation ground level may need as much as a year-round, 100 may be necessary if “suitable foraging habitat is foot radius complete avoidance zone to protect the impacted” (DPR 2007, 20-21). Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle. Construction will have to be avoided in specifically identified designated Nesting Raptors areas from March through June, as this is the typical Raptors such as Northern harrier, white-tailed kite, flight period for adult beetles. Limits of construction will red-shouldered hawk, red-tailed hawk, Cooper’s hawk be determined during the CEQA process. and American kestrel have been observed in or near the project site. These raptor species are protected DPR will coordinate with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service by Fish and Game Code 3503.5 (DPR 2007, 16). prior to design and construction to determine the Large trees on site are potential nesting sites for these location of Elderberry shrubs and evaluate whether raptors. Habitat needs will be addressed during the VELB could be present. CEQA process through avoidance, minimization, and mitigation measures. Any buffer zone requirements Any potential impacts to Elderberry shrubs and VELB would be established by Fish and Game, but could be will be addressed during the CEQA process through 250 feet (DPR 2007, 19). avoidance, minimization, and mitigation measures. According to the DPR preliminary environmental report, “mitigation land may already have been purchased for this property. This needs further investigation” (DPR 2007, 21).

46 Wildlife Trees Wildlife trees “are characteristically the largest trees on site (height and/or diameter), exhibit natural cavities, have structure suitable for wildlife use (broken tops and large limbs), and may have crevices and/or loose bark (suitable for bats)” (DPR 2007, 21).

Prior to and during design and construction, DPR will need to consider existing wildlife trees that have or could become habitat for foraging, nesting or roosting birds. A survey will need to be conducted to identify wildlife trees on site. These species will need to be protected during construction. If it is determined that some of these trees will need to be removed, removal should be “outside of breeding season” (DPR 2007, Existing Vegetation at Adjacent Parcel. 21). Source: EDAW, 2007

RIVER CORRIDOR BUFFER

The California Department of Parks & Recreation (DPR) will establish a site-specific riparian corridor buffer for the East Riverfront Property. DPR’s 2007 preliminary environmental assessment states that a 200-foot buffer “extending landward from the mean high water mark of the river” would need to be established to protect sensitive riparian habitat (DPR 2007, 22). A 200-foot buffer would cover a large portion of the East Riverfront Property. Potentially new buffer limits will be established when further environmental assessments are completed.

The Site Opportunities and Constraints diagram (Figure 13), shows the proposed development area is located outside of the preliminary 200 foot buffer zone. 47 Climatic Conditions Infrastructure

West Sacramento’s climate is characterized generally as Any development that occurs on the East Riverfront Mediterranean with an average annual precipitation of Property can be connected into the existing sanitary 17.1 inches. sewer, water and storm drain utility lines that are currently established on both Lighthouse Drive and Prevailing winds are from the southwest at an average Fountain Drive. These all have capacity to absorb the wind speed of 8.5 miles per hour. The average summer development of the CIHC. temperature is a high of 95 degrees Fahrenheit and a low of 60 degrees Fahrenheit. According to the 2003 Sacramento Riverfront Master Plan, there is a 16 inch water line running along the The average winter temperature is a high of 53 degrees western edge of the East Riverfront Property. This Fahrenheit and a low of 37 degrees Fahrenheit. Normal same document states that the area north of SR 275 relative humidity is 46 percent during the day and 82 (specifically Raley’s Landing) discharges directly to percent at night (City of West Sacramento Web Site). the river (WRT 2003). See Figure 3 for the location of existing off-site utilities.

48 Cultural Factors

Record searches of both the Native American Heritage • Between the 1920s and 1930s, “there were Commission and the Northwest Information Center landings and small businesses to serve along with an archaeological surface survey, performed boaters, swimmers and fishermen” located by DPR, failed to yield any recorded cultural resources on the site within the property. “The preliminary conclusion of the investigators is that, while documentation of the historic • In 1927 a “town” was created for a movie set activities is in order, there are currently no known for the Buster Keaton film “Steam Boat Bill, significant resources to be affected by construction of Jr.” facilities in this area” (DPR 2007, 35). • “After World War II, a municipal water Jack Norton (Hupa/Cherokee) 1 stated in the plant and several river-related businesses introduction of the “California Indian Heritage remained” on the site and the adjacent Center: The Developing Vision, Interim Planning properties and Programming Report” that Miwok, Maidu and Patwin people met and traded in the areas along the • In addition to the road located atop the Sacramento and American Rivers (RAA Inc. 2007). As levee (designated as CR 136), existing and the design is developed for the CIHC, further research abandoned roads on site indicate former site into the local Native American tribes and their practices uses between the 1960s and 1980s: will be undertaken to identify ways in which their • One road lead “to a boat ramp traditions can be incorporated into the site. Further and docks where the ‘Chart Room’ archaeological investigations will also be undertaken on restaurant floated on a barge.” site during the preparation of the General Plan. • A “second road served a boat repair yard and the Riverview Yacht Club.” As described in the California Department of Parks and • A third road had no specific use Recreation’s preliminary environmental assessment associated with it. (DPR 2007, 34), former site uses include: • In the mid-1980s the “Lighthouse Project” • The levee which was “constructed in the early was proposed for the site. Construction 1900s” operations began in the late 1980s causing the closure of existing on-site business. Construction activities ceased and the project was never completed. 1 Jack Norton is cultural leader, educator and former member of the CIHC Task Force.

49 The Rivers

25,123 SF

Discovery Park 9,829 SF

12,632 SF 25,482 SF 202,256 SF

The Regatta at the Rivers 26,713 SF Proposed Development Area (1)

approx. 14 AC (1)

100 Ft Radius Elderberry Shrub 41,272 SF Complete Avoidance Zones 94,720 SF

134,258 SF

e e

529,913 SF

n n

39,500 SF

F JTS Proposed California Property Indian Heritage Legend 220,291 SF Center and State Park Site Property Line L i g h t h o u s e D r i 373,049 SF Potential Development Area for Buildings v e Grupe

Property 55,613 SF 72,445 SF Reconfigured Pond/intermittent Wetland Watercolors Housing Development Existing Canopy Areas

Existing Open Fields

Potential Parking Zones

100 ft. Radius, Elderberry Shrub Complete Avoidance Zones

200 Year Flood Elevation (1) Bryte CIRI Neighborhood +33.9 ft Property 839,615 SF Ordinary High Water Mark (1929 NGVD) +19.0 ft

Recommended Building Pad Elevation (1) A Street +35.0 ft

Broderick Boat Ramp (1) Per CIHC Hydraulic Assessment Memorandum prepared by Northwest Hydraulic Consultants, August 2007.

5th St.

4th St.

Figure 2. Facilities Concept Plan Aug. 2nd, 2007 Scale 1” = 100’ 300 0 50 100 200 scale 1” = 400’ Figure 13. Site Opportunities and Constraints Diagram 0 100 200 300 400 Source: Nolte, 2007 (Survey and Aerial); EDAW, 2007 50 Site Opportunities and Constraints

The East Riverfront Property presents significant The masterplan identifies initial strategies to manage opportunities for the development of the CIHC facility and address constraints related to flooding, plant and and outdoor activities. Figure 13 represents preliminary wildlife, access, traffic, parking, safety and security. site opportunities and constraints. All constraints will be evaluated in detail during the The combination of expansive views, proximity to water General Plan phase and design phases of the CIHC. and seasonal changes, connections to trails and transit, the potential to significantly enhance the site’s ecology and proximity to the local community all represent considerable opportunities in the development of the CIHC.

51 52 Section 3 Precedents

Traditional Stick Game, during the 44th Annual Klamath Salmon Festival in 2006 (Yurok Tribe) Klamath, California, 2006.

Section 3 Precedents

A number of precedent projects have been researched and/or visited during the preparation of the CIHC Masterplan. Valuable lessons can be learned from such relevant case studies that would help identify character design and programming characteristics applicable to the CIHC.

Three groups of precedents were studied based on their relevance to the CIHC:

1) California Indian facilities that reflect ways to incorporate traditional practices in modern facilities, such as Chaw’se Indian Grinding Rock State Historic Park in Pine Grove, California and Potawot Health Village in Arcata, California.

2) Projects with a scope and focus similar to the CIHC’s, such as the National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, DC with its companion facility the Cultural Resources Center in Suitland, Maryland and the Alaska Native Heritage Center in Anchorage, Alaska.

3) Projects with similar implementation and outreach to the CIHC, like the National Hispanic Cultural Center in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

The case studies informed the development of the architectural and site programs described in Section 4. They also served as inspiration for the initial conceptual diagrams developed by the Advisory Groups during the masterplanning process.

(125,000 sq. ft.) and Building Footprint for Scale Comparison East Riverfront Site: Proposed CIHC Site Boundary 60,000 sq. ft. 43 acres

135-acre (+) site 9,000 sq. ft. bldg. footprint 0 200 400 800 (9,000 sq. ft. bldg. total) 0 200 400 800 Scale 1” = 800’

Scale 1” = 800’

Figure 14. Chaw’se Indian Grinding Rock State Historic Park - Scale Comparison and Character Images Source: Google Earth, 2006 (Aerial); EDAW, 2007 (Site Photos) 56 Chaw’se Indian Grinding Rock State Historic Park Pine Grove, California

“Indian Grinding Rock State Historic Park (Chaw’se) is of Sierra Nevada Indian artifacts. A Miwok village located in the Sierra Nevada foothills eight miles east complete with a ceremonial roundhouse has been of Jackson.” The park is nestled in a valley “2,400 feet reconstructed in the middle of the small valley. The above sea level with open meadows and large valley Museum has been designed to reflect the architecture oaks that once provided the [California Indians] of this of the traditional roundhouse.” area with an ample supply of acorns. The park was created in 1968 and preserves a great outcropping of “Several times a year, ceremonies are held in the marbleized limestone with some 1,185 mortar holes hun’ge (roundhouse)... Indian families gather at the – the largest collection of bedrock mortars in North park on the weekend following the fourth Friday in America” (California State Parks 2008). September for the annual acorn gathering season ceremonies. Dancing, hand games, singing and The park provides a variety of programs focused on the storytelling are traditional at this event” (California State celebration and preservation of local California Indian Parks 2008). traditions (Sierra Nevada tribes). The main facility is the Chaw’se Regional Indian Museum, which “features Chaw’se is an important precedent for the outdoor a variety of exhibits and an outstanding collection programming at the CIHC.

(125,000 sq. ft.) and Building Footprint for Scale Comparison East Riverfront Site: Proposed CIHC Site Boundary 60,000 sq. ft. 43 acres

40-acre site 44,000 sq. ft. bldg. footprint (44,000 sq. ft. bldg. total)

0 200 400 800 0 200 400 800

Scale 1” = 800’ Scale 1” = 800’

Figure 15. Potawot Health Village - Scale Comparison and Character Images Source: Google Earth, 2006 (Aerial); EDAW, 2007 (Site Photos) 58 Potawot Health Village Arcata, California

The 42,000-square-foot Potawot Health Village is The restored and sustainable wetland habitat suggests located on a 40-acre site (UIHS) at the intersection and one way Native principles can guide the use of the land. traditional meeting place of north-south and east-west The building illustrates how Native principles, traditions trade routes, now Highways 101 and 299 (Berlinger and beliefs can guide the design of a programmatically 2001). complex facility.

The center provides comprehensive health care Potawot consists of twelve buildings designed and including medical, dental, mental health and nutrition. arranged to resemble an Indian village. The facility It also provides community services for various layout starts with a welcoming entrance that connects programs and events. It serves nine tribes and more to a series of clinics. A flowing indoor walkway with than 13,000 Indians consisting mainly of Yurok, Wiyot comfortable waiting areas provides consistent views and and Tolowa Tribal members. access to the central courtyard. This suggests one way the CIHC could be organized. It’s thoughtful integration Half of the 40-acre site is restored freshwater wetlands. of Native-inspired elements enhances its Native sense The wetland habitat provides an environment for of place. recreation, education, sustainable storm water management and native plants for cultural uses such as basket weaving and traditional medicine.

The center, which derives its inspiration from traditional aspects, is intended to convey a feeling of coming home. It is envisioned as a place that belongs to all, to celebrate life and to create a feeling of memories and of strong community. Its layout, using structures around a central outdoor area with a water source, is inspired by the traditional layout of riverfront villages. Many building design elements, such as the round doors and latticed windows and general use of materials, are derived from traditional practices and designs.

(125,000 sq. ft.) and Building Footprint for Scale Comparison East Riverfront Site: Proposed CIHC Site Boundary 60,000 sq. ft. 43 acres

26-acre site 26,000 sq. ft. bldg. footprint (26,000 sq. ft. bldg. total)

0 200 400 800 0 200 400 800

Scale 1” = 800’ Scale 1” = 800’

Figure 16. Alaska Native Heritage Center - Scale Comparison and Character Images Source: Google Earth, 2006; www.alaskanative.net 60 Alaska Native Heritage Center Anchorage, Alaska

The Alaska Native Heritage Center (ANHC) is a Additionally, outdoor village sites are constructed 26-acre site designed as a cultural center for all people to represent the traditional architecture of the main to “expand their understanding of Alaska’s first people” Alaskan regions. A central large “gathering room” that (ANHC 2008). The ANHC’s main mission is to “share accommodates up to 700 guests is available for rent for the rich heritage of Alaska’s eleven cultural groups catered events, weddings, conferences and retreats. drawing upon the lifeways of long ago, the wisdom of their Elders, and the traditions that endure” (ANHC The site is located next to a man-made lagoon within 2008). The site, facilities and programs are “designed a forested natural preserve, on the northeast edge of to enhance self-esteem among Native people and to Anchorage. The mature trees surrounding the site encourage cross-cultural exchanges among all people” play an important role in the experience of visiting the (ANHC 2008). A 30-member Academy comprised of ANHC. Most of the facilities are designed to afford views Elders and Tradition Bearers help guide the Heritage of the lagoon and the forest, allowing for an experience Center staff in program and building design. of easy connection between indoor and outdoor. The large “gathering room” has a significant window wall The programs at the ANHC include exhibits, events and with views of the outdoor lagoon and the traditional a large curriculum of educational programs, including structures of the five represented regions. Native art classes for youths, Master artist classes, and Understanding of Culture workshops and seminars. The collection, housed in a large hall viewing the adjacent landscape, showcases all of the indigenous cultures in Alaska, and includes tools, watercraft, clothing, pieces of art, drums and more.

(125,000 sq. ft.) and Building Footprint for Scale Comparison East Riverfront Site: Proposed CIHC Site Boundary 60,000 sq. ft. 43 acres

4.25-acre site 50,000 sq. ft. bldg. footprint (250,000 sq. ft. bldg. total)

0 200 400 800 0 200 400 800

Scale 1” = 800’ Scale 1” = 800’

Figure 17. National Museum of the American Indian - Scale Comparison and Character Images Source: Google Earth, 2006; EDAW and Mark Cavagnero Associates, 2007. 62 National Museum of the American Indian Washington, District of Columbia

The National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI) is the 16th museum of the Smithsonian Institution and is comprised of three facilities: the Mall Museum, the Cultural Resources Center, which is a storage and resource facility in Suitland Maryland, and the George Gustav Heye Center, which is an exhibition facility in New York City.

The 250,000-square-foot NMAI Mall Museum is located on a 4.25-acre site on the National Mall in Washington D.C. The Mall Museum serves the public and houses exhibits, a resource center, several theaters, a store, a café and support spaces.

The site is landscaped to honor the four indigenous environments of the Chesapeake Bay region including hardwood forest, wetlands, cropland and meadow (NMAI 2008).

The building mass was derived from setback and height limitations that govern all construction on the National Mall. Its form was created by cutting into the mass in a sculptural manner reminiscent of how wind and water shape rock. The interior is organized around the circular atrium space known as The Potomac. The site, exterior and interior includes many design elements derived from traditional beliefs, practices and designs.

The Mall Museum’s design illustrates a way in which a multi-story facility, located on a fairly small site in an urban setting, can be designed to follow Native principles, traditions and beliefs.

(125,000 sq. ft.) and Building Footprint for Scale Comparison East Riverfront Site: Proposed CIHC Site Boundary 60,000 sq. ft. 43 acres

12.6-acre site 76,245 sq. ft. bldg. footprint (145,000 sq. ft. bldg. total)

0 200 400 800 0 200 400 800 Scale 1” = 800’ Scale 1” = 800’

Figure 18. National Museum of the American Indian | Cultural Resources Center - Scale Comparison and Character Images Source: Google Earth, 2006 64 NMAI - Cultural Resources Center Suitland, Maryland

The 145,000-square-foot Cultural Resources Center The building’s form, materials, patterns, and colors (CRC) is located in the Smithsonian’s Collection Center are derived from its surrounding natural environment. in Suitland, Maryland. Taking advantage of the site’s topography, both levels open onto grade. The organic, curving roof form is an The CRC is the collection, research and community abstraction of natural spiral/radial forms such as the services center for the NMAI. As such, it is the home “nautilus shell, spider web, sunburst, pine cone and for over one million cultural treasures and a place for butterfly wing” (CRC 2008). visitation, ceremony and research for Native visitors, scholars and professionals. The siting of the CRC, its form, and use of natural light and materials suggests ways in which a facility can be The building is nestled into a restored natural site that is designed following Native principles, traditions and part of the Smithsonian’s collection campus. beliefs.

The lobby and welcoming center on the upper entry level and the library/resource center on the lower level are located under a central circular skylight. The collections are located within a large radial form surrounding the skylight area. Staff offices and work spaces are located in the rectilinear portions of the building. The entry faces east and primary building corridors align with the cardinal coordinates. There are both interior and exterior ceremonial spaces.

(125,000 sq. ft.) and Building Footprint for Scale Comparison East Riverfront Site: Proposed CIHC Site Boundary 60,000 sq. ft. 43 acres

16.4-acre (+) site 82,600 sq. ft. bldg. footprint (248,000 sq. ft. bldg. total)

0 200 400 800 0 200 400 800

Scale 1” = 800’ Scale 1” = 800’

Figure 19. National Hispanic Cultural Center - Scale Comparison and Character Images Source: Google Earth, 2006 66 National Hispanic Cultural Center Albuquerque, New Mexico

“The National Hispanic Cultural Center (NHCC) This project is a good example of a campus setting with is dedicated to the preservation, promotion, and multiple buildings that have been developed in phases advancement of Hispanic culture, arts, and humanities” over time. (NHCC 2008). The NHCC, which is run by the National Hispanic Cultural Center Foundation, opened its doors in 2000.

The NHCC is built as a multi-facility campus located “along the banks of the Rio Grande in the historic Albuquerque neighborhood of Barelas.” “[It] provide[s] venues for visitors to learn about Hispanic culture throughout the world,” (NHCC 2008) offering a variety of programs and activities in various artistic disciplines, including “visual arts, performing arts, history & literary arts, media arts and education” (NHCC 2008).

67 68 Section 4 Architectural and Site Programming

Central Canopy Structure at Viejas Casino and Outlet Center (Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians), Alpine, California, 2007.

Section 4 Architectural and Site Programming

An architectural program typically describes the types, sizes and key characteristics of the spaces required to create a facility. Prior to commencing site and facility planning, a conceptual architectural and site program was developed based on review of previous studies and precedents, the CIHC vision and programs established by work with the CIHC Task Force and input from the Advisory Groups.

The summary and detailed matrix of spaces included in this section of the Concept Masterplan formed the basis for the development of the CIHC’s planning concepts. The programs include a range of capacities and size for key building spaces and the facility as a whole. The current range will be refined through the planning and design process. A summary of required program areas is reflected in Table 8 (indoor and outdoor spaces).

The program matrix considers the information from the 1991 Study as a basis for comparison between the initial study and current space needs.

The overall program has been tested to determine how it might conform to the project site. It is described as the Masterplan Concept in Section 5 of this document.

71 Required Architectural Program

As an institution, the CIHC will be a place where SPACES (23,300 – 38,000 sq. ft.) California Indians can preserve their values, tell their Content Spaces are the places within the facility where stories, house and care for their Tribal Treasures, California Indians can tell their stories in their own research their history and engage in contemporary way. Working closely with the Advisory Groups, the issues. It will be a place where California Indians can framework for an interpretive program was developed to share their values, stories and treasures with one reflect the cultural values of native people (refer to the Interim Project Planning and Interpretive Programming another, visitors and the education community. As a Report, 2007). The interpretive program suggests three facility, the CIHC will be a place that reflects Indian main themes integrated within the visitor’s experience: values, principles and traditional beliefs. It will be Cycles, Memory and Connections. These themes in turn integrated into its natural environment, have strong dictated the necessity for the following main Content connections between indoor and outdoor spaces, use Spaces: Gathering of the People, Memory, Connections, natural light, natural materials and environmentally Cycles, and Changing Exhibits. conscious building practices. LIBRARY AND ARCHIVE SPACES (3,600 – 4,300 sq. ft.) The CIHC will include a variety of interior and exterior Library and Archive Spaces include library, Native spaces needed to fulfill this concept. The interior news and information exchange, private viewing and spaces will include Entry, Forum, Content, Tribal research, paper and media archives and associated Treasures, Staff and Support Spaces. The gross support spaces. building area, the sum of the individual interior spaces (net areas), plus a percentage increase for circulation, TRIBAL TREASURES (16,500 – 28,500 sq. ft.) These spaces provide areas storage of Tribal Treasures storage and other common area is expected to be consistent with museum practices and in accordance between 80,000 and 125,000 square feet. with Native beliefs. Spaces provided for laboratories and work rooms for conservation, documentation, In summary, the programs that will be included in the training, viewing and research. Shop space for exhibit CIHC are: preparation, shipping and receiving, and secure holding is provided. ENTRY SPACES (6,300 - 9,700 sq. ft.) Entry Spaces are important in Native design. Entry Storage includes general access storage, living Spaces include public, elders, school/group entries, a treasures storage and limited access private storage. store, café and associated support spaces. OFFICE AND SUPPORT SPACES (8,600 – 11,100 sq. ft.) FORUM SPACES (5,700 – 8,400 sq. ft.) These are comprised of office and support spaces for Forum Spaces include community meeting rooms, the CIHC staff, Community Resources and Services, classrooms, a theater and associated support spaces. and other California Indian organizations. 72 Table 1. Required Architectural Program: Entry Spaces Source: Mark Cavagnero Associates

Architectural Program: Entry Spaces Use Description 1991 Study Current Range

Public Entry Entry, entering, and gathering areas are important 800 sq. ft. 2,000 - 2,500 sq. ft. for local tradition customs. Public entry should face east and use natural light and materials and should, through its design and character, inform visitors that they are entering the CIHC. Includes entry, reception, ticketing and coat check spaces.

Elders Entry Includes reception and gathering space. Locate 200 - 250 sq. ft. adjacent to the Public Entry

School/Group Entry Includes orientation space, back-pack storage, 1,000 - 1,400 sq. ft. and restrooms. Locate near bus drop-off.

Possible Second Public Locate near the collections and/or archives 200 - 250 sq. ft. Collections and/or Archives Entry

Store Could be a smaller visitor support store or larger 1,200 sq. ft. 1,000 - 2,000 sq. ft. destination store. Locate near Public Entry or in other easily found public area.

Café Locate in easily found public area and where there 1,000 - 2,000 sq. ft. is a view of the river and connection to outdoor space.

Public Restrooms Men’s and Women’s restrooms with 8-14 stalls 1,500 sq. ft. 900 - 1,300 sq. ft. each. Locate near public entry or in other easily found public area.

Net Area of Entry Spaces 3,500 sq. ft. 6,300 - 9,700 sq. ft.

73 Table 2. Required Architectural Program: Forum Spaces Source: Mark Cavagnero Associates

Architectural Program: Forum Spaces Use Description 1991 Study Current Range Large Community Meeting room for 60 to 100 people for native 1,500 sq. ft. 900 - 1,500 sq. ft. Meeting Room forums, community meetings and events. Locate near public entry and outdoor space. Could be used off hours. Needs AV, video conferencing, service access.

Small Community One or two meeting rooms for 15. Locate near 300 - 600 sq. ft. Meeting Room(s) large Community Meeting Room so could be used as break-out room(s). Could be open off hours. Needs AV, video conferencing, service access.

Classroom(s) One or two classrooms for 30. Locate in easily 800 - 1,600 sq. ft. found public area adjacent to outdoor space and possibly near exhibit and/or screening, listening and storytelling areas. Needs casework, sync data and AV.

Theater Theater for 200- 250. Could be a flat or sloped 1,500 sq. ft. 3,000 - 3,800 sq. ft. floor round theater for performances and storytelling, or a sloped floor rectangular theater for screening and lectures. The theater also could have a connection to the outdoors - with indoor and outdoor seating, operable skylight, and/or operable exterior partition. Locate near Public Entry or provide separate entrance. Could be used off hours. Needs lighting & AV.

Changing Rooms Men’s and Women’s changing rooms for 150 - 200 sq. ft. performances and ceremonies. Locate adjacent to theater.

Kitchen Locate near Community Meeting Rooms. Needs 300 - 400 sq. ft. lockable casework & refrigerator, institutional kitchen and caterer fit-out for both on-site cooking and caterer’s use. Forum Storage Storage for stacking tables and chairs and AV 250 - 300 sq. ft. equipment.

Net Area of Forum Spaces 3,000 sq. ft. 5,700 - 8,400 sq. ft.

74 Table 3. Required Architectural Program: Content Spaces Source: Mark Cavagnero Associates

Architectural Program: Content Spaces Use Description 1991 Study Current Range Gathering of the Gathering of the People and Stories are the 3,500 - 5,500 sq. ft. People and Stories first of the major interpretive content areas that introduce the visitor to the Native worldview. Locate near public entry. If desired, could be used for performances and events. Needs lighting, data and temperature & humidity control.

Cycles Cycles Content Area(s) provides a sense of 5,600 - 8,500 sq. ft. traditional life in California. Includes exhibit and associated public education spaces such as storytelling spaces and limited access Native Practice spaces such as prayer spaces. Needs lighting, data and temperature & humidity control.

Memory Memory Content Area(s) provides an 5,600 - 8,500 sq. ft. understanding of the impact and conflict that came from outside cultures. Includes exhibit and associated public education spaces such as screening, listening, reading and reflection areas and limited access Native Practice spaces such as alcoves for private texts and oral histories. Needs lighting, data and temperature & humidity control.

Connections Connections Content Area(s) offers a perspective 5,600 - 8,500 sq. ft. on Native communities battle for survival. It includes exhibit and associated public education spaces such as screening and storytelling spaces and limited access Native Practice spaces such as quiet and elder zones. Needs lighting, data and temperature & humidity control.

Changing Exhibits For traditional and contemporary media. Needs 3,000 - 7,000 sq. ft. lighting, data and temperature & humidity control.

Net Area of Content Spaces 12,000 sq. ft. 23,300 - 38,000 sq. ft.

75 Table 4. Required Architectural Program: Library and Archive Spaces Source: Mark Cavagnero Associates

Architectural Program: Library / Archive Spaces Use Description 1991 Study Current Range Library Info/circulation desk, reading tables, electronic & 900 - 1,200 sq. ft. internet reference stations, microfilm stations & shelving for reference materials. Locate in a quieter public area. Native News and 200 - 200 sq. ft. Information Exchange Native History and Locate adjacent to library 200 - 200 sq. ft. Genealogy Research Private Viewing and Locate adjacent to library 150 - 150 sq. ft. Consultation Area Media Room (screening Locate adjacent to library. Needs acoustic 150 - 150 sq. ft. and listening) separation and AV for individual or small group viewing and listening of DVDs, CDs, tapes and cassettes.

Oral History Recording Locate adjacent to library 200 - 200 sq. ft.

Library & Research Staff Locate adjacent to library 300 - 400 sq. ft.

Paper Archives Includes both closed stack general access 1,000 - 1,200 sq. ft. archives and limited access private archives stored in compact storage units. Limited access archives could be stored separately from general access archives, or could be stored in designated boxes within the general access archives. Locate adjacent to library. Needs temperature & humidity control.

Media Archives Includes both closed stack general access 500 - 600 sq. ft. archives and limited access private archives stored in compact storage units. Limited access archives could be stored separately from general access archives, or could be stored in designated boxes within the general access archives. Locate adjacent to library. Needs temperature & humidity control. Net Area of Library & Archives Spaces 1,500 sq. ft. 3,600 - 4,300 sq. ft.

76 Table 5A. Required Architectural Program: Tribal Treasures Spaces Source: Mark Cavagnero Associates

Architectural Program: Tribal Treasures Spaces Use Description 199 1 Study Current Range Treasures Storage Includes storage for general access treasures, 25,000 sq. ft. 10,000 - 20,000 sq. ft. living treasures, large treasures and limited access private treasures. Needs temperature & humidity control and a cart path with roll-up doors, freight elevator, crane(s) and tall and wide corridors. The CRC storage program suggests one way to provide storage that meets cultural and curatorial needs. At the CRC all treasures from a tribe or region are stored together in one area. Living treasures are stored on open shelves with fabric covering rather than in closed cabinets or boxes. Limited access treasures are stored in designated closed cabinets or boxes on upper shelves. Large treasures are stored in open floor space or mounted to walls.

Private Ceremony/ Indoor and outdoor space for ceremonies, prayer, 300 - 300 sq. ft. Prayer smudging. Locate adjacent to treasures storage.

Changing Room Changing for ceremonies. Locate adjacent to 100 - 100 sq. ft. private ceremony/prayer.

Private Viewing Locate adjacent to treasures storage. and Research

Conservation Labs For conservation work and training. One basket 1,000 - 1,400 sq. ft. and regalia lab with fume hood, snorkel exhaust, and equipment/supply storage and temperature & humidity control. One artifact conservation lab with fume hood, snorkel exhaust, washing area, equipment/supply storage and roll-up door for large artifacts and temperature & humidity control. Locate adjacent to treasures storage.

Photo Lab Located adjacent to treasures storage. 1,800 sq. ft. 800 - 1,000 sq. ft.

77 Table 5B. Required Architectural Program: Tribal Treasures Spaces Source: Mark Cavagnero Associates

Architectural Program: Tribal Treasure Spaces (cont.) Use Description 199 1 Study Current Range Curatorial Library Reading table, electronic reference station, 0 - 200 sq. ft. and shelving for reference materials for curatorial research.

Exhibition Prep/Curatorial Clean exhibition layout room with a moving 1,000 - 1,300 sq. ft. Workroom partition that allows sub-diving, 8’ wide by 12’ tall doors and casework for equipment/supply storage and temperature & humidity control. Locate adjacent to treasures storage.

Exhibition Shop Workshop with power equipment and spray 2,400 sq. ft. 1,000 - 1,300 sq. ft. booth.

Museum Loading Dock Large truck bay with gasket roll-up door 300 - 500 sq. ft. for delivery and pick-up of treasures and traveling exhibits..

Secure Receiving/ Walk-in freezer for holding, and open space 1,000 - 1,200 sq. ft. Holding for crate and display case storage. Locate adjacent to loading dock.

Crate & Display Storage Locate adjacent to receiving and holding. 1,000 - 1,200 sq. ft.

Net Area of Tribal Treasures Spaces

29,000 sq. ft. 16,500 - 28,500 sq. ft.

78 Table 6. Required Architectural Program: Office and Support Spaces Source: Mark Cavagnero Associates

Architectural Program: Office and Support Spaces Use Description 1991 Study Current Range CIHC Staff Mix of closed office and open workstations 1,800 sq. ft. 3,300 - 4,100 sq. ft. for 25-35 staff, and copy/supplies. Controlled public access. Note additional staff will have workstations in the Lobby, Shop, Café, Library, Collections and Community Resources and Services areas.

Community Resources Mix of closed office and open workstations for 2,000 sq. ft. 2,000 - 2,000 sq. ft. and Services 8-12 staff. Locate near Forum Spaces or near Archives and Collections in an easily found location.

Office Space for other Locate adjacent to CIHC offices and/or 0 - 1,000 sq. ft. Organizations Community Resources to share office and copy and conference areas as needed

Staff Conference Room 200 - 300 sq. ft.

Staff Restrooms 500 sq. ft. 250 - 300 sq. ft.

Staff Locker Rooms 500 sq. ft. 350 - 400 sq. ft.

Artist in Residence Could be a free-standing building located in a 1,500 sq. ft. 1,500 - 2,000 sq. ft. quieter part of the site

Mechanical and 1,000 - 1,000 sq. ft. Electrical

Net Area of Office & Support Spaces 6,300 sq. ft. 8,600 - 11,100 sq. ft.

79 Required Outdoor Program

Extending and interconnecting the facilities program OUTDOOR FORUM SPACES (4.30 – 7.10 acres) with the site is key to fully achieving the vision of the A key component of the CIHC, the outdoor Forum CIHC. Spaces include a large playing field for demonstration of Native games, a public events area or outdoor theater Similar to the indoor architectural program, the site for approximately 300 people, traditional meeting program is organized into Entry, Forum, Content and areas (large events at Northgate Site, and small events at East Riverfront Property) and multiple storytelling/ Support Spaces. demonstration areas. The CIHC outdoor programs will be implemented OUTDOOR CONTENT SPACES (123 - 160 acres) between the East Riverfront Property and the Northgate The outdoor Content Spaces are the places in the Site. The minimum area requirement for the outdoor landscape where California Indians can continue to tell programs at the East Riverfront Property is 30 - 40 their stories in their own way and connect them with acres, where small and mid-size gatherings could take actual demonstrations. Following the three main themes place, in addition to providing the appropriate setting for of the interior visitor’s experience, the outdoor Content the Center. The balance of the required site programs Spaces can also be organized in: Cycles, Memory and (up to 100 acres as determined by the 1991 Indian Connections. These themes will be expressed in the Museum Study), may be allocated to the Northgate indigenous garden, and the traditional villages (both in Site. Uses at the Northgate Site could be shared with the East Riverfront Property and the Northgate site). facilities developed by the city or county of Sacramento. OUTDOOR SUPPORT SPACES (36 – 55 acres) Outdoor Support Spaces include restrooms, showers, In summary, the site programs that will be included in cooking areas, and surface parking. These larger the CIHC are: outdoor event facilities may be located on the Northgate Site. Support uses on the East Riverfront Property will OUTDOOR ENTRY SPACES (1.45 - 2.25 acres) include restrooms and smaller cooking facilities for Spaces to announce the arrival and determine the events and demonstrations. entry sequence for visitors. It will include a gateway visible from adjacent streets, landing or arrival zone for pedestrians and vehicles, a drop-off area for vehicles and buses, and an entry courtyard.

80 Table 7A. Required Outdoor Program Source: 1991 California Indian Museum Study and notes from Advisory Group Workshops, 2006 Outdoor Program: Entry, Forum, Content, and Support Spaces Use Description 1991 Current Range Study OUTDOOR ENTRY SPACES Gateway A space to mark entrance to the CIHC. The Gateway n/a 40,000 - 60,000 sq. ft. could be a landscape element (sculpture, sign, water (0.90 - 1.40 acres) feature). LOCATION: Grupe (potentially)

Landing | Arrival Zone A resting/landing area where pedestrians and bicyclists n/a 6,000 - 10,000 sq. ft. are welcomed to the CIHC. Group orientations can take (0.15 - 0.25 acres) place in this space. The Arrival Zone can also double as a Storytelling / Demonstration space. LOCATION: East Riverfront AND Northgate

Drop-Off Area Bus and vehicle drop-off at main entry to CIHC; min. n/a 6,000 - 10,000 sq. ft. space for 3 buses. Visitors should not walk further than (0.15 - 0.25 acres) 200 ft to ticket counter. Area should be covered and ADA accessible. Location should be studied to afford best views into site. LOCATION: East Riverfront

Entry Courtyard Round open space linking CIHC facilities and/or main n/a 10,000 - 15,000 sq. ft. programs. This space could be paved or landscaped (0.25 - 0.35 acres) and should function as the ‘heart’ of the facilities. Flexible space to allow multiple programs: storytelling, demonstrations and small group gatherings. LOCATION: East Riverfront

OUTDOOR FORUM SPACES Playing Field for Large open field for Native games. Field should be 2.50 45,000 - 100,000 sq. ft. demonstration of Native planted with native grasses or other material providing acres (1.00 - 2.50 acres) a soft surface. Adjacent informal seating and parking is Games recommended. LOCATION: East Riverfront AND Northgate Public Events Area Large, semi-formal gathering space for events, 2.50 60,000 - 100,000 sq. ft. (Outdoor Theater) performances, concerts. Capacity: 150-300 people. acres (1.50 - 2.50 acres) This could be a sloped, planted area with a ‘stage’ area. LOCATION: East Riverfront 81 Table 7B. Required Outdoor Program Source: 1991 Study and notes from Advisory Group Workshops, 2006

Outdoor Program: Entry, Forum, Content, and Support Spaces (Cont.) Use Description 1991 Current Range Study OUTDOOR FORUM SPACES (CONT.) Traditional Meeting Area/ Open circular area, planted with soft grasses (for 15.00 acres 30,000 - 60,000 sq. ft. Campfire / Ceremonial dancing) and with areas designed for traditional (0.70 - 1.50 acres) fires. Adjacency to parking is recommended. min. 5 Ceremonial Events Events (Gathering and LOCATION: East Riverfront (for mid-size events) | acres @ Dance Circles) Northgate (for Big Time events) main facility 5,000 - 10,000 sq. ft. location (0.10 - 0.25 acres) Fire Circle 3.25 - 4.20 acres Buffer Storytelling | Medium to small size areas with seating, shade, n/a 5 @ 2,000 sq. ft. Demonstration Areas ADA access. Each area shall be related to specific 10 @ 500 sq. ft. topics, depending on its location (ie. riverfront, (15,000 sq. ft. = 0.35 pond’s edge, upland, etc.) acres) LOCATION: East Riverfront

OUTDOOR CONTENT SPACES Indigenous Plant Garden Restored and reclaimed natural environment. The 5.0 acres 30.0 - 40.0 acres site should be the garden. Diverse micro-climates East Riverfront will provide variety of ecosystems: river, pond, riparian areas, upland, meadow, etc. 75.0 - 100.0 ac. LOCATION: East Riverfront AND Northgate Northgate Traditional Village(s) Elements of traditional villages could be 20.0 acres 3 @ 2,000 sq. ft. replicated on site. CIHC will determine how to (6,000 sq. ft. = 0.15 represent tribes from all regions, site should acres) not be dominated by one tribe or region. As an alternative, Advisory Group members suggested East Riverfront focusing on local tribe’s traditional structures. LOCATION: East Riverfront OR Northgate 18.0 - 20.0 acres Northgate

82 Table 7C. Required Outdoor Program Source: 1991 Study and notes from Advisory Group Workshops, 2006

Outdoor Program: Entry, Forum, Content, and Support Spaces (Cont.) Use Description 1991 Current Range Study OUTDOOR SUPPORT SPACES Support Facilities: Provide restroom facilities for trails and 2.0 - 4.0 2.0 - 4.0 acres Restrooms, Showers, demonstration areas. Showers and cooking acres Northgate areas are related to large traditional events where Cooking Areas camping is necessary. LOCATION: East Riverfront (min. restroom facilities) Northgate (all other support uses) Camping Grounds Overnight facilities for community members 30.0 - 30.0 - 45.0 acres attending traditional gatherings (Big Time). 45.0 acres Northgate LOCATION: Northgate Parking On-Site Parking = 100-120 spaces + 5-6 buses 5.0 acres 1.0 - 2.0 acres Off-Site Parking = 150-200 spaces East Riverfront LOCATION: East Riverfront (on-site) AND Other Remote Locations (off-site) 3.0 - 4.0 acres Northgate OR Other Remote Locations Architectural and Outdoor Program Summary

Table 8. Required Architectural and Outdoor Program Summary Table Source: MCA, 1991 Study and notes from Advisory Group Workshops, 2006 Use Description 1991 Study Current Range Subtotal of Net Areas 55,000 sq. ft. 64,000 - 100,000 sq. ft. Shell & Core (25%) Circulation, walls, structure, shafts 4,500 sq. ft. 16,000 - 25,000 sq. ft.

Gross Building Area 60,000 sq. ft. 80,000 - 125,000 sq. ft.

30 - 35 ac. @ East Riverfront Total Outdoor Program Areas 100 ac. 65 - 70 AC @ Northgate

83 84 Concept Diagrams

During Workshop 3, the Advisory Group members Library and Office Spaces. The resulting Concept participated in an exercise to explore possible Diagrams from this workshop were: The Village (Figures relationships and adjacencies of the various indoor and 20-22), The Atrium (Figures 23-25) and The Courtyard outdoor spaces of the CIHC. (Figures 26-28).

During this workshop the Northgate Site located The three diagrams, although different in some in the City of Sacramento was used as a prototype respects, have many similarities. All three diagrams for the exploration of these initial concepts. The include an east-facing entry and a gathering or concept diagrams, developed by the Advisory Group welcoming space. All three diagrams envision a unified members (Figures 20-28), show a divided program facility for California Indian and public uses with some between a southern parcel as the front door to the degree of separation of public and private uses. All facility, and a larger parcel across the river for mainly three diagrams have strong connections between indoor outdoor programs. Although the site acquisition of the and outdoor spaces. All three diagrams locate uses Northgate site proved infeasible, these ideas are easily and functions in ways that respond to the opportunities transferable to the combination of sites comprised of and constraints of the site. Uses that need outdoor the East Riverfront Property (as front door) and the connections and views are located near the river. Uses Northgate Site as the companion site. Currently the that need service access are located near roadways and Northgate site is being identified as a partner location parking. for future interpretive programming, overnight events and other activities that would be better suited for larger Subsequent to the workshop, the team prepared groups. a program diagram based on each concept. Each concept and diagram is shown on the following pages. The advisory group members formed three groups and each group developed concepts that explored the basic cultural use relationships and adjacencies of the CIHC spaces including Entry, Forum, Content, Treasures,

85 Legend trails trails

transition zones parking parking camping parking entry spaces

‘big time’ fire circles forum spaces village structures village sites traditional content spaces meeting area sports games gardens library, archival spaces water tribal treasures spaces

office, support spaces

content spaces outdoor programs restoration area trails demonstration building envelope areas outdoor kitchen

artist studio Area 2** restoration area

water

classrooms Area 1* N-S direction public uses: indigenous café + store garden amphitheater theater E-W direction library games | event space entry archives parking tribal treasures resident artist CIHC offices gathering

parking

*Area 1 indicates 18-20 acres **Area 2 not to scale (approx 75 acres)

Figure 20. Architectural and Site Programming - Village Concept scale 1” = 200’ 0 50 100 150 200 Source: CIHC Advisory Groups - Workshop 3, December 2006 86 Village Concept Diagram

The entry space of Concept One, the Village Concept, Outdoor theater, dance and kitchen spaces are located [Figures 20, 21 and 22], faces east and, like a in a series of native planting areas on the site. roundhouse, suggests that visitors entering the CIHC should experience the feeling of going down into the Across the river, a second facility houses content earth to then see the sky above. The entry connects spaces surrounding a central reception/orientation to a great welcoming room called “The Gathering of space. Various outdoor program spaces including the People” that makes all visitors welcome, conveying sports/games, big time, brush dancing, camping, village a sense of transition. Introductory content areas are structures, salmon pits, etc. are located along the river, located on a mezzanine around the welcoming room. the restored pond and native gardens, as appropriate, Community meeting rooms, theater, classrooms, store and are connected by trails. An artist studio is located in and café spaces, interspersed with outdoor spaces, are a quieter area. clustered around this central space. Parking is located at the outer areas which allow an unobstructed river view.

A secondary entry provides access to a quieter library, collections and office area where the library and offices are located on the first floor. The collections, private spaces and adjoining outdoor spaces are located on the second floor.

87 connections 7200 sf cycles gathering of 7200 sf reception the people artist studio Legend 4700 sf 2500 sf 1200 sf

main entry memory 7200 sf secondary entry

storytelling Village Concept 600 sf screening 600 sf classrooms critical adjacency Ground Level 1600 sf ea less critical adjacency

café store visual demonstration 2000 sf 2000 sf area kitchen 3500 sf 400 sf amphitheater 4500 sf entry spaces

ceremony 600 sf public entry forum spaces 1000 sf research 600 sf library theater entry N-S direction E-W direction content spaces treasures 1200 sf 3800 sf 2500 sf storage support archives ceremony support areas kids entry library, archival spaces artist in residence 600 sf 600 sf 2000 sf 1800sf 1400 sf support 2000 sf offices 200 sf 5000 sf surface tribal treasures spaces public entry 1000 sf parking community 54500 sf meeting room office, support spaces 1500 sf outdoor programs

surface parking 70000 sf surface parking 70000 sf

scale 1” = 400’ 0 100 200 300 400

Figure 21. Architectural Program and Adjacencies Diagram, Village Concept at Ground Level Source: EDAW, 2007; Based on CIHC Advisory Groups input during Workshop 3, December 2006 88 connections

cycles gathering of Legend the people

main entry

memory secondary entry Village Concept Upper Level critical adjacency less critical adjacency

café store visual 2000 sf 2000 sf

entry spaces

forum spaces ceremony 600 sf treasures treasures storage . open content spaces storage . closed theater entry N-S direction E-W direction 5000 sf 5000 sf

ceremony library, archival spaces 600 sf offices 600 sf tribal treasures spaces treasures support storage . private office, support spaces 3000 sf 5000 sf

outdoor programs

scale 1” = 400’ 0 100 200 300 400

Figure 22. Architectural Program and Adjacencies Diagram, Village Concept at Upper Level Source: EDAW, 2007; Based on CIHC Advisory Groups input during Workshop 3, December 2006 89 Legend

trails

transition zones

parking entry spaces demonstration areas forum spaces parking village structures sports games content spaces

camping library, archival spaces traditional gardens water meeting fire circles tribal treasures spaces ‘big time’ area office, support spaces interpretive ceremonial fire restoration area center outdoor programs

outdoor kitchen ceremonial building envelope trails events

restoration area demonstration areas storytelling Area 2**

water

amphitheater library café sports games archives multi-use field (2nd floor) CIHC offices theater indigenous (2nd floor) garden community gathering entry from East resources entry (2nd floor) store content spaces changing exhibits tribal treasures (2nd floor)

parking (1st floor)

parking Area 1*

*Area 1 indicates 18-20 acres **Area 2 not to scale (approx 75 acres)

Figure 23. Architectural and Site Programming - Atrium Concept scale 1” = 200’ 0 50 100 150 200 Source: CIHC Advisory Groups - Workshop 3, December 2006 90 Atrium Concept Diagram

The primary public entry of Concept Two, the Atrium Concept, [Figures 23, 24, and 25] faces east. Gathering of the People, changing exhibits, a theater, community meeting rooms, classrooms, and a store are located on the first floor. A second entry leads to the second floor where the collections, content, library/ archive, community resources and offices are located above the flood plane. A second public entry leads to a café and third floor special events space that has views of the river.

Across the river in the parkway a transition space and large rocks lead to a large gathering area with an outdoor cooking area. Storytellers could be located here. The story of the local people who have moved away needs to be told.

91 Atrium Concept Legend Ground Level main entry

secondary entry

critical adjacency

less critical adjacency

visual

entry spaces

forum spaces

content spaces

library, archival spaces

tribal treasures spaces

office, support spaces

outdoor programs

scale 1” = 400’ 0 100 200 300 400

Figure 24. Architectural Program and Adjacencies Diagram, Atrium Concept at Ground Level Source: EDAW, 2007; Based on CIHC Advisory Groups input during Workshop 3, December 2006 92 Atrium Concept Legend Upper Level main entry

secondary entry

critical adjacency

less critical adjacency

visual

entry spaces

forum spaces

content spaces

library, archival spaces

tribal treasures spaces

office, support spaces

outdoor programs

scale 1” = 400’ 0 100 200 300 400

Figure 25. Architectural Program and Adjacencies Diagram, Atrium Concept at Upper Level Source: EDAW, 2007; Based on CIHC Advisory Groups input during Workshop 3, December 2006 93 Legend

trails

transition zones

entry spaces

parking forum spaces

content spaces

camping library, archival spaces gardens water fire circles tribal treasures spaces

traditional office, support spaces sports games meeting ‘big time’ restoration area area outdoor programs outdoor kitchen ceremonial fire building envelope trails demonstration areas

restoration area demonstration areas village structures storytelling interpretive center Area 2**

water demonstration area

content spaces

library (3rd floor) store (2nd floor) gathering (2nd & 3rd floors) theater courtyard entry from East E-W direction entry from West café private alcoves parking (1st floor)

tribal treasures (2nd floor) CIHC offices(3rd floor) sports games private alcoves

Area 1*

*Area 1 indicates 18-20 acres **Area 2 not to scale (approx 75 acres)

Figure 26. Architectural and Site Programming - Courtyard Concept scale 1” = 200’ 0 50 100 150 200 Source: CIHC Advisory Groups - Workshop 3, December 2006 94 Legend Courtyard Concept Diagram

In Concept Three, the Courtyard Concept, [Figures 26, 27, and 28], a first level of parking raises the facility up above the flood line. The Native entry faces east and the public entry faces west. Like the Potawot Health Village, spaces surround a large central courtyard, connecting to the two entries and the various facility components. The community meeting rooms, an exhibit space and classrooms are located near the Native entry between the central outdoor space and the river. The theater, store, café and content areas are located near the public entry between the central outdoor space and the river. The collections, archives and community resources stretch between the native and public entries on the south side of the central courtyard where service access is easier. These spaces are located on one or two terraced levels with an observation center, facing the river. Private ceremonial and prayer spaces for each region are spread throughout the collections areas.

Across the river, the parkway is restored. A camping area and natural amphitheater can be used seasonally.

95 Courtyard Concept Legend Ground Level main entry

secondary entry

critical adjacency

less critical adjacency

visual

entry spaces

forum spaces

content spaces

library, archival spaces

tribal treasures spaces

office, support spaces

outdoor programs

scale 1” = 400’ 0 100 200 300 400

Figure 27. Architectural Program and Adjacencies Diagram, Courtyard Concept at Ground Level Source: EDAW, 2007; Based on CIHC Advisory Groups input during Workshop 3, December 2006 96 Courtyard Concept Upper Level 2

Courtyard Concept Legend Upper Level 1 main entry

secondary entry

critical adjacency

less critical adjacency

visual

entry spaces

forum spaces

content spaces

library, archival spaces

tribal treasures spaces

office, support spaces

outdoor programs

scale 1” = 400’ 0 100 200 300 400

Figure 28. Architectural Program and Adjacencies Diagram, Courtyard Concept at Upper Levels Source: EDAW, 2007; Based on CIHC Advisory Groups input during Workshop 3, December 2006 97 In summary, the Village, Atrium and Courtyard concepts illustrate ways to organize the CIHC program and to engage the site following California Indian values.

Aspects of all three concepts were used for the development of the Concept Masterplan as shown in the following section of the report.

98 Section 5 Masterplan Concept

Detail of Roundhouse at Chaw’se Indian Grinding Rock State Historic Park (Miwok), Pine Grove, California, 2007.

Section 5 Masterplan Concept

This section of the Concept Masterplan document describes the recommendations for the CIHC’s layout, program distribution, proposed program areas, masterplanning strategies and recommended character.

Strategies provided include access and circulation, parking, grading, landscape, sustainability, infrastructure, maintenance and security and safety.

101 Inspiration : Meaning and Form of Traditional Villages

An open, large, bowl-shaped courtyard encloses an existing large Oak... The site’s core is a gathering space, a storytelling space... Buildings are placed as if forming a village, allowing open views in all directions... Interconnected indoor and outdoor experience...

Figure 29. Traditional Building and Village Images Illustrate the Preferred Concept for the CIHC Source: Copies of photos provided by Harry Fonseca to consultant team during CIHC Advisory Group Meeting #2, May 2006. 1) “Dance House at Kashia, 1958-59. Courtesy of S.A. Barrett” 2) “Murphys Rancheria, 1906. Photo by S.A. Barrett (courtesy of Lowie Museum of Anthropology, UC Berkeley)” 102 Masterplan Concept

Inspiration

The masterplan concept was inspired by the idea of The village and courtyard will be the entry into and the the form of traditional villages. Buildings are arranged epicenter of all activity at the CIHC. After visitors and around a large bowl-shaped central courtyard, forming community members access the main facility, they will a village-like configuration and allowing open views in proceed beyond the building to experience the site as all directions. The village configuration also provides a natural setting with multiple trails interconnecting opportunities to reduce the mass of the building by outdoor gathering areas, additional storytelling and dividing the overall program into smaller volumes. demonstration areas, the river and the restored pond.

Using an existing Oak tree (Figure 30, note 3) located roughly in the center of the site’s developable area (Figure 13) as a focal element, the central courtyard will create a gathering space at the heart of the Heritage Center. The shaded space under the Oak is a natural location for storytelling and demonstrations.

103 Legend

Property Line

The Rivers Proposed Buildings

Proposed Building Terraces

Discovery Park 11 Existing Tree Canopy 27 9 12 Proposed Tree Canopy

10 Potential On-Site Parking Zones 8

1 Proposed Fields 2

Proposed Canopies The Regatta 3 13 at the Rivers 14 4 31 for Plan Enlargement See Figure Recommended Building Pad Elevation (1) 0 7 +35.0 ft

0 CIHC Building 1: Entry, Forum

e e 5

1 CIHC Building 2: Content, Tribal v

16 Treasures, Library, Support

r 6

2 Sculpture Terraces n n

17 19 3 Entry Courtyard (with existing Oak and n

JTS Parcel perimeter Ramada)

F (Refer to Figures 18 4 Main Entry (from East) 47, 48, and 49 20 5 Drop-Off Area and Entry Ramada for potential JTS Proposed California Parcel Development 24 Indian Heritage 6 On-Site Parking 1 (15 spaces, approx.) Scenarios) ay W Center and a 7 L i g h in State Park On-Site Parking 2: Elders (20 spaces, approx.) t h o u r s e a 26 D M Site r i v Grupe 8 Loading Dock e Parcel 21 9 On-Site Parking 3: Staff and Visitors (60-80 spaces, approx.) 23 Watercolors 10 Private Ceremony Circle Housing Development 11 Multi-Use Field for demonstration of Native Games

12 Boat Dock (potential) 22 13 Gathering Circle

14 Dance Circle

15 Preserved Habitat at Small Borrow Pit

16 Entry Sculpture and Water Feature

17 Outdoor Theater (Amphimeadow) Bryte CIRI Parcel Neighborhood 18 Reclaimed Pond

19 Riparian Terraces

20 Arrival Area (with existing large trees)

21 Main Demonstration Area (with public A Street restrooms)

22 Pond’s Edge Demonstration Area

Broderick 23 Pond Overlook Boat Ramp 24 Demonstration and Storytelling Spaces

25 Riverfront Demonstration Area (fishing)

26 CIHC Gateway Sculpture and Landscape 5th St.

4th St. 27 Artist in Residence

(1) Per CIHC Hydraulic Assessment Memorandum prepared by Northwest Hydraulic Consultants, August 2007. scale 1” = 400’ 0 100 200 300 400

Figure 30. Proposed California Indian Heritage Center & State Park, Illustrative Plan Source: EDAW, 2008 104 Site Layout

The proposed layout for the CIHC on the East Riverfront The existing pond/intermittent wetland is terraced in Property is illustrated in Figures 30 and 31. As shown strategic locations. At the northwest corner, it is terraced in those illustrative plans, the entrance to the CIHC to accommodate seating for a seasonal outdoor theater can be marked by a gateway sculpture and landscape (amphimeadow) and uses native wetland plant species elements potentially located on the Grupe Parcel. The to begin healing and reclaiming the pond. The northeast gateway shown acts as a visual marker welcoming corner is also reshaped using riparian terraces. The visitors to the site. southwest corner has a small amount of terracing for restoration and access to a proposed demonstration The proposed buildings are located north of the pond/ area. A pond overlook, fishing, and interpretive intermittent wetland and small borrow pit, adjacent to elements are proposed. The existing hydrology of the the levee. This location maximizes accessibility and pond/intermittent wetland will be maintained, resulting views while minimizing the amount of fill required to in dramatic water level shifts from summer to winter, keep the building pad elevations above 35 feet for flood allowing time and nature to heal the pond. The existing management purposes. topography of the small borrow pit is mostly preserved, maintaining existing riparian vegetation and removing non-native species.

105 The Rivers Legend

Property Line

Proposed Buildings

Proposed Building Terraces

Existing Tree Canopy

11 Proposed Tree Canopy 27 12 Potential On-Site Parking Zones

9 Proposed Fields

Proposed Canopies 10 10 8 Recommended Building Pad Elevation (1) 10 +35.0 ft

0 CIHC Building 1: Entry, Forum 1 The Regatta 1 CIHC Building 2: Content, Tribal at the Rivers 2 Treasures, Library, Support

2 Sculpture Terraces

13 3 Entry Courtyard (with existing Oak and 3 perimeter Ramada)

4 Main Entry (from East)

See Figure 35 for Building Detail See Figure 5 Drop-Off Area and Entry Ramada 4 6 On-Site Parking 1 (15 spaces, approx.) 0 7 On-Site Parking 2: Elders (20 spaces, approx.)

7 8 Loading Dock

15 9 On-Site Parking 3: Staff and Visitors (60-80 spaces, approx.)

10 Private Ceremony Circle

11 Multi-Use Field for 28 demonstration of Native Games 5 12 Boat Dock (potential) 16 6 13 Gathering Circle

14 Dance Circle

15 Preserved Habitat at Small Borrow Pit

17 16 Entry Sculpture and Water Feature 19 17 Outdoor Theater (Amphimeadow)

18 Reclaimed Pond e e

JTS Parcel 19

v v Riparian Terraces

i i

r r (Refer to Figures 20

D D 20 Arrival Area (with existing large trees)

47, 48, and 49

n n 18

i 21 Main Demonstration Area (with public for potential JTS

restrooms)

Parcel Development

n Scenarios) 26 u CIHC Gateway Sculpture and Landscape

F 27 Artist in Residence y Proposed California a 28 Levee Road Indian Heritage W a n Center and L i i g r State Park h t h a o u s e M Site D r i v e 26

Watercolors Grupe (1) Per CIHC Hydraulic Assessment Memorandum Housing Development Parcel 21 prepared by Northwest Hydraulic Consultants, August 2007. scale 1” = 200’ 0 50 100 150 200

Figure 31. Proposed California Indian Heritage Center & State Park, Illustrative Plan Enlargement Source: EDAW, 2008 106 The riverfront zone is maintained and enhanced On-site parking (Figure 31) is proposed in three to create a healthy, accessible landscape with locations along the levee road. Approximately 20 opportunities for demonstration and storytelling areas spaces are provided for Elders parking adjacent to and pedestrian pathways. the buildings. Staff and visitor parking is to the north, comprised of 60 - 80 spaces, and approximately 15 A multi-use field for demonstration of Native games is additional spaces are sited south of the buildings, along located on the northern plateau of the site. A gathering the main vehicular entry loop. For proposed off-site circle and dance circle are located east of the proposed parking, see the Parking subheading in this section, buildings and courtyard. and Figures 47, 48 and 49.

1 2 3

1) Entry Spaces (NMAI Cultural Resources Center; Suitland, MD) Figure 32. Reference Images 2) Forum Spaces (National Museum of the American Indian; Washington, DC) Source: Marc Cavagnero and Associates, 2007 3) Natural Materials (Sumeg Village; Patrick’s Point State Park, Eureka, CA) 107 The Rivers

Discovery Park

American River

The Regatta 3 at the Rivers 14

e e

n n

a 17

F JTS Parcel Legend Proposed California Indian Heritage ay Property Line W Center and a L i g h in State Park t h o u r s e a D M Site Outdoor Entry Spaces r i v Grupe e Parcel Large Outdoor Forum Spaces:

Watercolors Sacramento River - Gathering Spaces (Amphitheater, Housing Development Gathering Circles) - Play Spaces (Native Games Field)

Small Outdoor Forum Spaces Storytelling and Demonstration Areas

Outdoor Content Spaces - Traditional Villages, Indigenous Garden

Water Bryte CIRI Parcel Neighborhood Support Spaces (Parking, Drop-Off)

Recommended Building Pad Elevation (1) +35.0 ft A Street

Broderick Boat Ramp 3 Entry Courtyard (with existing Oak and perimeter Ramada)

14 Gathering and Dance Circles 5th St.

4th St. 17 Outdoor Theater (Amphimeadow)

scale 1” = 400’ 0 100 200 300 400

Figure 33. Proposed CIHC and State Park Outdoor Program Diagram Source: EDAW, 2008 108 Proposed Outdoor Program

As described in Section 4, the site program elements The entry courtyard will link the CIHC facilities and will be divided between the East Riverfront Property main programs on the site, acting as the center of the and the Northgate Site (Tables 7A, 7B and 7C), facilities. The program for the courtyard will be flexible, accommodating main outdoor programs on the former and will accommodate storytelling, demonstrations and and larger gatherings on the latter. Figure 33 illustrates small group gatherings. the distribution of proposed outdoor programs in the East Riverfront Property, including Outdoor Entry, Forum, Content and Support Spaces. PROPOSED OUTDOOR FORUM SPACES (125,000 sq. ft.)

The main outdoor forum space will be an outdoor PROPOSED OUTDOOR ENTRY SPACES (8,500 sq. ft.) theater for events, performances and concerts. The space will be semi-formal and should accommodate A CIHC Gateway could potentially be located on the 150 - 300 people with a sloped planted area Grupe Parcel to showcase the CIHC to visitors. The (amphimeadow) and stage zone. Gateway could include a sculpture, a sign, a water feature or another distinguishing marker. A large, open, multi-use field for Native games demonstration will be located at the site’s northern A landing and arrival zone will be located at the top of plateau. The field will have informal seating and nearby the levee on the East Riverfront Property to serve as a parking. The site will also accommodate mid-size landing or resting area where pedestrians and cyclists events in the traditional meeting area and the gathering could be welcomed and oriented to the site. This space and dancing circles. Large outdoor events will be could double as a storytelling and demonstration space. accommodated at the Northgate Site.

A bus and vehicular drop-off area will be located at the Storytelling and demonstration areas will be distributed main entry to the CIHC. The area will be sheltered and throughout the site. They will be ADA accessible with ADA accessible. The drop-off area will be located a appropriate seating and shade. Each area will include maximum of 200 feet from the ticket counter and will information related to its location, such as riverfront, take advantage of exceptional views of the site. pond’s edge, upland, or other related site features. 109 PROPOSED OUTDOOR CONTENT SPACES (40 acres)

Indigenous Plant Gardens will be the main content space, the medium where all other outdoor programs will take place. The Indigenous Plant Garden will represent a natural environment. The varied microclimates of these sites will create diverse ecosystems.

Traditional village structures might be represented within the site. Elements of traditional villages could be replicated on site, but ultimately the CIHC will determine how to represent tribes from all regions, as it is important that the site not be dominated by one tribe or region.

PROPOSED OUTDOOR SUPPORT SPACES (4 acres)

Support Spaces include restrooms, showers, shade structures, and cooking areas. The East Riverfront Property site will have restroom facilities, while the Northgate site will have other support uses, as this site will be used for large traditional events where camping is necessary.

Overnight facilities will be located at the Northgate Site for larger outdoor gatherings. This may be accommodated by the adjacent Boy Scout facility, Camp Pollock.

On-site parking at the East Riverfront Property will accommodate 100 - 120 parking spaces and 5 - 6 buses. Off-site locations will accommodate 150 - 200 spaces. Figure 34. East Riverfront Property Site Images Source: EDAW, 2008 110 Proposed Architectural Program

A key part of the CIHC concept masterplanning In summary, the proposed architectural program process was the siting of the required CIHC programs includes the following areas (refer to Table 9 for their in response to the site-specific conditions of the East relationship to the building footprint): Riverfront Property. Multiple layouts were developed and discussed with the Core Advisory Group members to confirm the preferred layout and adjacencies of each PROPOSED ENTRY SPACES (17,200 sq. ft.) program element described herein. This portion of the Concept Masterplan summarizes the recommended CIHC visitors will enter the building from the east at program distribution for the CIHC facilities, based on ground level into Building 1 (Figures 35, 36 and 37). the preferred configuration of the village. Entering from the east is an important concept for local traditional customs, and thus it is recognized as part of Using the required ranges described in Section 4 for the CIHC experience. each type of space (Entry, Forum, Content, Library/ Archives, Tribal Treasures and Support), the proposed The primary entry space (Gathering of the People) will architectural program lists the recommended square include square footage for reception area, ticketing, footage for each use, and locates it within the proposed visitor orientation, school group gathering and building envelope. The village building is proposed as orientation, circulation and related support at ground a three-story building comprised of two interconnected level. A separate elders entry will be available with direct but independent buildings (Figures 35, 36 and 37) access to and from nearby elders parking. The café, for a total of 114,000 square feet of proposed on-site CIHC store and Support Spaces will be located on a facilities. Additionally, 4,000 square feet are proposed mezzanine level in Building 1 (Figure 35, Level 1). for off-site facilities to accommodate the artist-in residence and other support programs. Building 2 will house a secondary reception area and corresponding Support Spaces at ground level to It is assumed that further refinement of the architectural serve the main Content/Exhibit Spaces, with additional program will be part of the design phase of the project. Support Spaces on Levels 1 and 2.

111 15,822 sf

6,544 sf

Building 2 Level 2

10,661 sf

11,765 sf

2,906 sf Building 2

1,580 sf

6,284 sf Legend

Property Line

Building 1 Level 1 Entry Spaces

Forum Spaces

Content Spaces 7,515 sf Tribal Treasures Spaces

23,831 sf Library, Archival Spaces 9,195 sf

Office and Support Spaces Building 2

Plazas (ground level)

Terraces (upper levels)

10,955 sf 855 sf

8,516 sf 1,457 sf

Building 1

Ground Level On-Site Facilities Off-Site

scale 1” = 200’ Figure 35 . Proposed Architectural Program Diagram 0 50 100 150 200 Source: EDAW, 2008 112 PROPOSED FORUM SPACES (8,500 sq. ft.) areas introduce the visitor to the Native worldview, and thus are located at the ground level of Buildings 1 and Forum Spaces are located on the ground level of 2. These central spaces will be connected to the upper Building 1 and include a theater, a community meeting levels of both buildings via double-height ceilings, or room, classrooms and associated support areas. secondary arrival spaces on each floor.

Maintaining a connection with the outdoors is Cycles spaces provide a sense of traditional life in important. These Forum Spaces will maintain that California and will likely include exhibit spaces, public connection by creating classrooms with adjoining education spaces such as storytelling spaces and outdoor space for educational programs and by limited access spaces for Native practices. Connections creating a theater space with an operable skylight and/ spaces offer perspective on Native communities’ battle or an operable exterior partition. The entry ramada for survival and will likely include exhibit spaces, public links the two main indoor and outdoor Forum Spaces education spaces such as screening and storytelling (auditorium and amphimeadow), thus opportunities for spaces and limited access Native practice spaces such indoor-outdoor events will also be available. as quiet and elder zones. Cycles and Connections Content Spaces will be located in Building 2 at ground level. Potential outdoor connections shall be studied PROPOSED CONTENT SPACES (35,600 sq. ft.) to link the stories told indoor with demonstrations outdoors. Additionally, Content Spaces will be As mentioned in section 4, creating a place where connected to the open storage areas of the Tribal California Indians can tell their stories in their own Treasures Spaces. way is fundamental to the CIHC mission. In response to the input provided by the Advisory Groups and Memory spaces provide an understanding of the impact the framework outlined in the Developing Vision Plan and conflict that came from outside cultures and will document, the three major themes of the interpretive likely include exhibit spaces, public education spaces program were accommodated in the proposed such as screening, listening, reading and reflection architectural program (Cycles, Connections and areas and limited access Native practice spaces such Memory), linked by Gathering of the People areas as alcoves for private texts and oral histories. Memory and the continuum of the stories that make all spaces spaces are proposed in Building 2 on Level 1. Outdoor seamless. terraces on Level 1 of Building 2 will provide opportunity for outdoor exhibition in connection to the Memory A part of the Entry Spaces, but also the first major spaces stories. interpretive content concept, Gathering of the People

113 Proposed Architectural Program: On-Site and Off-Site Facilities Building Building Height Gross Building Use Proposed Range* Footprint Range (stories) Area ON-SITE FACILITIES

ENTRY SPACES Gross Building Area of Entry Spaces 7,875 sq. ft. 12,125 sq. ft. 10,955 sq. ft. 0.68 - 1.05 17,239 sq. ft.

FORUM SPACES Gross Building Area of 7,125 sq. ft. 10,500 sq. ft. 8,516 sq. ft. 0.85 - 1.25 8,516 sq. ft. Forum Spaces

CONTENT/EXHIBIT SPACES Gross Building Area of 29,125 sq. ft. 47,500 sq. ft. 23,831 sq. ft. 0.97 - 1.59 35,596 sq. ft. Content/Exhibit Spaces

LIBRARY/ARCHIVE SPACES Gross Building Area of Library 4,500 sq. ft. 5,375 sq. ft. 0 sq. ft. n/a 6,544 sq. ft.

TRIBAL TREASURES SPACES Gross Building Area of Tribal Treasures 20,625 sq. ft. 35,625 sq. ft. 7,515 sq. ft. 1.32 - 2.29 34,058 sq. ft. Spaces

OFFICES AND SUPPORT SPACES Gross Building Area of 10,750 sq. ft. 13,875 sq. ft. 9,195 sq. ft. 1.76 - 2.27 12,101 sq. ft. Office and Support Spaces

GROSS ON-Site CIHC Facilities 80,000 sq. ft. 125,000 sq. ft. 60,012 sq. ft. 1.12 - 1.75 114,054 sq. ft.

OFF-SITE FACILITIES OFFICES AND SUPPORT SPACES Gross Building Area of 2,312 sq. ft. 3,892 sq. ft. Office and Support Spaces

GROSS OFF-Site CIHC Facilities 2,312 sq. ft. 3,892 sq. ft. Table 9. Proposed Architectural Program Areas Source: Marc Cavagnero Associates and EDAW, 2008 114 PROPOSED LIBRARY AND ARCHIVE SPACES space for artifacts and traveling exhibits will be located (6,500 sq. ft.) on the ground level of Building 2. There will also be space for indoor and outdoor private ceremonial space. Library and Archives Spaces will be located in Building 2 on the upper-most level (Figure 35, Level 2) and will Tribal Treasures support includes an intake area, have access to an adjacent terrace. conservation laboratories, training rooms, a photo laboratory, a curatorial workroom and an exhibition shop The Library and Archive Spaces will be closely for exhibit preparation. These Tribal Treasure support connected to the Tribal Treasures areas (see below) areas will be located on Levels 1 and 2 in Building 2. and will include areas for research of California Indian history and genealogy, and space for on-site and web Tribal Treasures storage includes open storage for based exchange of Native news and information. general access, closed storage for living tribal treasures and private storage with limited access. Open and Areas for paper and media archives, including storage closed storage will be located on Level 1 of Building for general access archives and limited access archives 1 and will have corresponding indoor and/or outdoor will also be included. Library and archive support ceremonial space. Private storage will be located on spaces are planned. Private viewing, consultation areas, Level 2. Open storage areas will be connected to the and research space will be available. indoor content spaces (see above).

PROPOSED OFFICE AND SUPPORT SPACES PROPOSED TRIBAL TREASURES (34,000 sq. ft.) (12,000 sq. ft. ON-SITE plus 4,000 sq. ft. OFF-SITE)

Storage, care and access of Tribal Treasures, in Staff and Support Spaces will be located in accordance with Native beliefs and state-of-the-art Building 2 on Levels 1 and 2. These spaces will museum practices, is fundamental to the mission of include administrative spaces for CIHC staff, space the CIHC. Tribal Treasures Spaces will include storage, for community resources and California Indian care, exhibit preparation, and private viewing and organizations. consultation areas. These spaces will also provide for programs, training and support for regional tribal The artist-in-residence building and related support museums. space (OFF-SITE facilities per Figure 35 and Table 9) will be located offsite. To service the Tribal Treasures collection, a loading dock and secure receiving, curatorial and support

115 support treasures ceremony ceremony ceremony 600 sf 600 sf 600 sf 7000 sf storage . private 8000 sf support treasures treasures 3000 sf storage . closed storage . open 5000 sf 5000 sf

gathering of sculpture memory the people library, offices terrace archives library 7200 sf 4700 sf 600 sf 1000 sf 6500 sf terrace 1000 sf

support support 1300 sf 1300 sf circulation circulation Building 2 400 sf Building 2 400 sf

Building 1

circulation store café 400 sf 2000 sf 3000 sf E-W direction support 1300 sf entry open to below

Village|Courtyard|Atrium Concepts . Level 1 Level 2

Legend

outdoor outdoor Main Access ceremony ceremony 800 sf 800 sf ceremony ceremony 600 sf 600 sf receiving, Building 2 Secondary Access curatorial, tribal support treasures 3000 sf 4500 sf loading Critical Adjacency dock 450 sf cycles gathering of connections 7200 sf the people 7200 sf Desired Adjacency offices 4700 sf 9200 sf Visual Connection support 1300 sf Recommended gathering circulation reception area 400 sf 2500 sf Entry Spaces approx. 100000 sf

gathering Forum Spaces area Building 1 Content Spaces courtyard kids entry 30000 sf classroom 1400 sf Library, Archival Spaces 800 sf circulation entry E-W direction 400 sf 2500 sf classroom public entry 800 sf 1000 sf Tribal Treasures Spaces support theater 1300 sf elders entry Office, Support Spaces 6200 sf 200 sf community support areas 800 sf meeting room Outdoor Programs 1500 sf

Building Vertical Connections surface surface surface Building Envelope parking parking parking Bldg # 80 spaces 20 spaces 15 spaces amphitheater 4500 sf public drop-off artist studio 1500 sf Village|Courtyard|Atrium Concepts . Ground Level

Figures 36, 37. Proposed Architectural Program and Adjacencies Diagram, Ground and Upper Levels Source: EDAW, 2008 116 Proposed Program Adjacencies

Level 2

Figures 36 and 37 represent the proposed relationship • All research facilities (Tribal Treasures, Library/ of programs and their recommended adjacencies. The Archives, and artist-in-residence) spaces should diagrams also indicate main access points, indoor- be easily interconnected outdoor opportunities, and desired visual connections. Proposed Desired Adjacencies: As explained above, the main facility for the CIHC is envisioned as a two-building compound, in which • Indoor and outdoor gathering areas both buildings face a common central open space (courtyard) and are interconnected via a semi-enclosed • Content and Tribal Treasures Spaces, linked by ramada. Within this configuration the Concept open storage areas Masterplan provides the following spatial organization and required adjacencies: • Content and Library Spaces with adjacent outdoor spaces (terraces or gardens) Proposed Critical Adjacencies: Recommended Visual Connections: • Entry and Forum Spaces as the most public spaces in character and program • Auditorium should have a view toward the amphimeadow • Main and secondary Entry Space (Gathering of the People) located in Buildings 1 and 2 • Content Spaces should have views toward outdoor demonstration areas • All Content Spaces (Connections, Memory, Cycles) should be connected by common stories • Terraces should be designed to enhance distant and physical spaces views of the site and the river

• Support uses should be directly connected to Tribal Treasures and Entry Spaces

117 1) Outdoor Special Events (Salmon Festival; Yurok Tribe; Klamath, CA) 2) Natural Setting (Potawot Health Village; Arcata, CA) 3) Tribal Treasures (NMAI Cultural Resources Center; Suitland, MD) 4) Library | Archive Spaces (National Museum of the American Indian; Washington, D.C.) 5) Indoor-Outdoor Connections, NMAI Cafeteria and Fountain (National Museum of the American Indian; Washington, D.C.)

7 8 9

4 5 6

1 2 3

6) Entry Spaces: Hewn Wood Trellis (Rumsey Rancheria Gathering Hall; Brooks, CA) 7) Entry Spaces: Use of Natural Light (National Museum of the American Indian; Washington, DC) Figure 38. Character Images 8) Natural Materials: Hewn Branches and Saplings (First National Interpretive Center; Montreal, Canada) Source: MCA and EDAW, 2006/2007. 9) Traditional Forms: Decorative iron grille derived from traditional patterns (Yurok Tribal Offices; Klamath, CA) 118 Character

A CIHC Guiding Principle states that the planning, The facility will compliment the environment and will design and construction of the facility will reflect and take advantage of what nature has provided. It will look respect California Indian values. This principal has toward the river and aesthetically and environmentally guided the planning work and will continue to guide the fit the site. design and character of the facility as it evolves. The facility should be symbolic of California Indian The facility will honor diverse California Indian cultures traditions and relationships to the land and nature. It and their Native traditions. The facility’s architectural will use the universal natural elements that unite all character will respect and reflect the values, traditions, California Indians. beliefs and practices of Native peoples from all directions. Thus, common California Indian elements The building design will be unique. The form might be such as the circle, natural light, an east facing entry modulated, using steel, stone and glass, highlighting and regionally specific elements will be included in the natural materials and sustainable design. design of the Center. Figures 39 and 40 illustrate views of the proposed The facility will convey California Indian values through California Indian Heritage Center. a blend of natural elements that integrate interior and exterior environments. The facility will integrate into its site and will have strong connections – both visual and physical – between the indoor and outdoor areas.

The CIHC facility will use natural light and materials and meet the highest sustainability standards.

119 Figure 39. Proposed California Indian Heritage Center, View of Entry Courtyard and Building 1 Source: Robin Chiang, 2008 120 121 Figure 40. Proposed California Indian Heritage Center, Aerial View of Building and Gathering Circles -- Reclaimed Pond in Foreground Source: Robin Chiang, 2008 122 123 Figure 41. View from Regatta Lane

Figure 42. View from Fountain Drive

Figure 43. View from Lighthouse Drive

Figure 44. View from Discovery Park

Figures 41, 42, 43, 44. Views to the East Riverfront Property from the adjacent neighborhood and across the Sacramento River Source: EDAW, 2008 124 Masterplan Strategies

Massing Strategy 45

41 Figures 41 to 45 show a series of massing 44 studies from different vantage points into the East 42 Riverfront Property. These views provide preliminary understanding of the relationships between the proposed building massing, the site and the surrounding neighborhoods. 43 Building height and mass has been minimized by distributing the building mass into two separated buildings and by creating a stepping volume that seems

to merge with the landscape. Key Plan

Figure 45. East Riverfront Property looking South from northwestern corner of site Source: EDAW, 2008 125 Rivercrest Drive

The Rivers Housing Development

Potential Boat Docking and Water Access Gate Discovery Park

Limited Use EXIT About 100 Spaces

200 Year Flood Elevation 33.9 Feet* *Per the August 2007 Northwest Hydraulic Consultants The Regatta at the Rivers Memorandum Condominium Development

25 MPH STREET)

(

e e

n n

i Approximate location of Proposed

Non-Vehicular Bridge to Richards t

n Blvd. Area

(per Sacramento Riverfront Master Plan, o

2005) F Legend Proposed California JTS Parcel* Indian Heritage Property Line ay Center and W a n ri State Park L i g h t h a Main Entry/Exit Road o u s e M D r Site i v BUSES, VISITORS, DELIVERIES e Grupe (PU BL Parcel IC Watercolors S Secondary Entry/Exit Road TR Housing Development E BUSES, VISITORS, DELIVERIES E T W ) a te r Limited Use Exit c o u r s e

L Proposed Bicycle Circulation a

n e e Main Proposed Pedestrian Circulation Watercolor Lane Existing Public Streets

Existing Private Streets Cummins Way MAIN ENTRY/EXIT Existing River Access

Bryte Existing and Proposed Parking (as Neighborhood CIRI Parcel indicated) Secondary Entry/Exit Road: Welland Way Buses, Visitors, Deliveries

6th St. James St. A Street Bus Parking River Access Point

Alvin St. Broderick Andrew St. Boat Ramp

Special Event and Overflow Parking

5th St.

4th St.

*Refer to Figures 47, 48, and 49 for potential JTS Parcel Development Scenarios.

scale 1” = 400’ Figure 46. East Riverfront Property, Potential Site Access 0 100 200 300 400 Source: EDAW, 2008 126 Access and Circulation Strategy

This Concept Masterplan illustrates potential access PEDESTRIAN ACCESS AND CIRCULATION and routes to and within the property. These initial concepts will be developed and refined during the Pedestrians will have full access to the site. course of the development of the General Plan. Interconnected trails will provide diverse access experiences, including an interpretive loop trails around Figure 46 illustrates the potential alternative vehicular, the pond and the main CIHC programs, a river trail pedestrian and bicycle circulation routes for the CIHC. that will connect to future footpaths at the northern and southern ends of the site and pedestrian access along the levee road. VEHICULAR ACCESS AND CIRCULATION ALTERNATIVES

Two alternatives for the main vehicular entry/exit point BICYCLE ACCESS AND CIRCULATION are shown, both located along Lighthouse Drive. The levee road (CR135) will provide a bicycle A secondary entry/exit road is shown to take limited circulation route along the length of the project site. traffic from 4th Street at the southern end of the CIRI Bicycles originating from the south could connect to the Property onto the levee road (CR 135). Vehicles will levee road via the secondary entry/exit road off of 4th enter or exit the levee road near the Broderick Boat Street, or via a future connection point from the CIRI Ramp. Property.

There will also be a limited use exit road used by emergency vehicles at the northern end of the site.

Both the main and secondary roads will be loop roads that bring vehicles around to a drop-off point near the building entry.

127 Existing “The Regatta at The Rivers” Condominium Development

Continuation of “The Regatta at The Rivers” Condominium Development

Grupe Parcel

View of the Existing Regatta Condominiums from Regatta Lane s c e n a r i o 1

Continuation of “The Regatta at The Rivers” Condominium Development Approx.: 69 Units Approx.: 103 Cars Figure 47. JTS Parcel Possible Scenario 1: Continuation of “The Regatta at The Rivers” Condominium Development - Concept Plan and Character Image

Residential Units

Live/Work Units 2 Storey Development to Shield Large Garage

Vehicular Access To/From CIHC

Optional Neighborhood Access

Café and Neighborhood Retail 2 Storey Development to Shield Garage s c e n a r i o Café and Neighborhood Retail Mixed-Use Development with 2 Neighborhood Retail

Mixed-Use Development: Parking Garage (2 Level, 250 Spaces), Residential Units, Live/Work Units, Cafés, Neighborhood Retail Figure 48. JTS Parcel Possible Scenario 2: Mixed-Use Development with Parking Garage - Concept Plan and Character Images

Surface Parking 100-150 Spaces

Neighborhood Vehicular Access

Surface Parking s c e n a r i o 3 Surface Parking (100-150 Cars)

Figure 49. JTS Parcel Possible Scenario 3: Surface Parking Only - Concept Plan and Character Image

scale 1” = 400’ Figures 47, 48, 49. JTS Parcel Possible Development Scenarios 0 100 200 300 400 Source: EDAW, 2008 128 Parking Strategy

ON-SITE PARKING PARKING AND DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVES

The proposed on-site parking opportunities allocate The JTS Parcel adjacent to the East Riverfront Property about 100 - 120 spaces. The parking capacity would could provide additional off-site parking. As this parcel be distributed in three surface parking areas, including is privately owned, it could be developed in a number of a lot for 60 - 80 parking spaces north of the proposed ways. Figures 47-49 detail three possible development facility near the multi-use field. A second small surface scenarios for this parcel, including closing Marina Way. lot is proposed adjacent to the facility with 20 spaces for elders parking and ADA parking. The third on-site As the concept drawing in Scenario 1 illustrates (Figure surface parking lot is proposed to the south of the 47), the parcel could be developed as an extension facility off of the entry loop road with approximately 15 of the existing “Regatta at the Rivers” condominium spaces. development. This scenario would not provide any overflow parking opportunities for the CIHC.

REMOTE PARKING Scenario 2 (Figure 48) illustrates the concept of a mixed-use development that could include a parking There are a number of possibilities for remote parking garage. The parking garage would be two levels and locations that could accommodate overflow parking. could accommodate approximately 250 vehicles. The These include the surface lot at the Broderick Boat mixed-use development could include residential units, Ramp, the parking structure at the Ziggurat Building, live/work units, cafés and neighborhood-serving retail. and surface parking at Raley Field. These existing parking areas would require a shuttle bus to the site, Scenario 3 (Figure 49) illustrates the concept of a and would require to enter into formal agreements with development with only surface parking for 100 - 150 owners of these facilities. cars. Landscaping would create a buffer for the surrounding neighborhoods.

129 Rivercrest Drive

The Rivers Housing Development

Discovery Park

The Regatta at the Rivers Condominium Development

25 MPH STREET)

(

e e

n n

F Legend Proposed California JTS Parcel Indian Heritage Property Line ay Center and W a n ri State Park L i g h t h a o u s e M D r Site i v Existing 35 foot Elevation e Grupe (PU BL Parcel IC Watercolors S TR Housing Development E Proposed 35 foot Elevation Building Pad E T W ) a te r c o u Fill Areas (small borrow pit and pond/ r s e

L intermittent wetland) a

n e e

Watercolor Lane

Cummins Way

6th St. Bryte Neighborhood CIRI Parcel

A Street

River Access Point

5th St.

4th St.

scale 1” = 400’ Figure 50. East Riverfront Property, Proposed Grading 0 100 200 300 400 Source: EDAW, 2008 130 Grading and Landscape Strategies

1) View of East Riverfront Property pond/intermittent wetland LANDSCAPE APPROACH 2) Existing trees to be preserved on site

One of the primary goals of the site development is to heal the land. The key approach to the landscape design is one of preservation, restoration, and reclamation with provision for the traditional practices of California Indian people.

Plant species native to this region and river corridor will be utilized to enhance the natural setting. The remainder of the site will be planted with varying species creating a variety of thriving ecosystems. An extensive pond/intermittent wetland enhancement 2 effort will be conducted, re-grading the banks with native riparian terracing in key locations. These native plantings will include a number of plant species traditionally used in California Indian basket weaving, regalia, boatmaking and other traditional practices.

GRADING

Three general areas of the site will be graded (Figure 50) to create the space described above. To prevent flooding, all areas where the proposed buildings will be placed will be filled to elevation 35. A portion of the small borrow pit will be graded to create the drop-off 1 zone. The edge of the pond/intermittent wetland will be reconfigured to create natural riparian terraces and the Landscape Character Images amphimeadow. Source: EDAW, 2008 131 Sustainability Strategy

Land stewardship is a strong and common value for this project. During meetings and discussions with members of the Advisory Groups, the idea of building the CIHC on the principles of respect of the land and protect the natural environment.

With this in mind, the concept of healing the land is considered a necessary first step in the development of the Center. The implementation of both historic and modern ideals of site sustainability are an important aspect of the project and a way to assure that the CIHC will be a true steward of the natural environment from the beginning.

The CIHC will follow the goals and practices outlined by the U.S. Green Building Council for LEED certified sites and structures. Per the State of California Governor’s Executive Order, the building and site will be designed for a LEED Silver certification as a minimum goal.

132 4

1 2

1) Existing riparian species along the Sacramento River 2) Native Cottonwoods located in the small borrow pit at the East Riverfront Property Figure 51. Landscape Character Images 3) Character of reclaimed pond with native species (Cache Creek Conservancy; Woodland, CA) Source: EDAW, 2008. 4) Large Oak to become focal point at the CIHC Entry Courtyard 133 Infrastructure Strategy

Pursuant to the site infrastructure analysis performed by Nolte Engineering, Nolte advised the Task Force in March 2007 about the current available infrastructure to the site. Existing sanitary sewer, water and storm drain utility lines have the capacity to serve the development of the CIHC.

In accordance with the sustainability goals established for the CIHC, and despite the fact that the City of West Sacramento’s systems can absorb the new development, the concept masterplan recommends the inclusion of on-site water treatment systems to cleanse and reuse storm water and grey water sewage. Further study will be required to determine the feasibility and specific type of water treatment on the East Riverfront Property, but a preference should be placed on the use of natural methods (swales, wetlands).

Energy efficiency, materials selection and reduction of light pollution will be carefully considered during the building design phase.

134 Maintenance Strategy

The CIHC site will become a unit of the California State Park system. This property, like all units of the State Park system will be developed and maintained under the general guidelines of the State Park system.

It is assumed that different levels of maintenance will be required across the 43-acre site, with higher maintenance required near the building, and less required on the restored natural areas that will be designed to recognize seasonal flooding.

A detailed maintenance plan will be developed as part of the general plan and project design phase to include all areas of the site. The maintenance plan will be developed in coordination with the phased development plan for the CIHC facility.

135 Security and Safety Strategy

As with any other public facility and park, security and safety at the CIHC will be paramount for the enjoyment and safeguard of visitors, staff, and the collections.

A joint effort between State Parks and the City of West Sacramento will most likely achieve the best results. For continued safety patrols and security measures, the Capital District’s Public Safety Team will patrol the site in two-person teams. These State Park rangers will provide baseline security, in collaboration with local police.

The site will operate as a regular State Park, open year- round from dawn to dusk. All public trails and small gathering areas will be illuminated to provide a safe environment.

Building security systems will be included to protect the valuable Tribal Treasures.

136 Section 6 Design Guidelines

Mortar Holes at Chaw’se Indian Grinding Rock State Historic Park (Miwok), Pine Grove, California, 2007.

Section 6 Design Guidelines

The Design Guidelines section is included in the Concept Masterplan document to provide a general overview and guidance for the future site and building design of the CIHC.

The guidelines are based on the input received from the Advisory Groups during the year-long masterplanning process. Additional recommendations and detailed guidance can also be found in Appendices A and B, the Advisory Group and CORE Advisory Group Workshop and work session notes.

This section is organized in two parts: landscape design guidelines and architectural guidelines. The landscape design guidelines include the following: site preservation, site restoration and reclamation, cultural landscapes, outdoor facilities and art in the landscape. The architectural guidelines include: form and articulation (building massing) and materials.

139 Landscape Design Guidelines

Preservation

The project will preserve and maintain key site features including the river’s edge, feature trees and existing native vegetation where appropriate.

Design Guidelines:

• Grading will be minimized when possible to reduce negative impact to the site.

• Native trees with a diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) of greater than 10 inches shall be preserved, where feasible.

• Existing Blue Elderberry (Sambucus mexicana) will be preserved on site, where feasible. Any impacts of Blue Elderberry shrubs will be addressed in the CEQA process through avoidance, minimization, and mitigation measures.

• The habitat and form of the river’s edge will be preserved. Measures may be taken to improve the health of existing riparian habitat.

140 Restoration and Reclamation

One of the primary goals of the project is to heal the land. All site development will be planned and conducted with this goal in mind.

Design Guidelines:

• Reclamation of borrow pits will be designed with native riparian terraces to accommodate seasonal flood waters of the Sacramento River.

• Natural methods will be used to control erosion along the river bank.

• The project will be designed to avoid, minimize, and mitigate impacts to the natural environment and cultural resources.

141 Cultural Landscapes

The CIHC native gardens will be developed to provide the materials used to conduct demonstrations and other activities related to basket weaving, regalia and traditional medicine.

Design Guidelines:

• Native gardens will be introduced throughout the site.

• Plant species selected for these native gardens will include materials for a variety of on-site demonstrations and other activities, including but not limited to basket weaving, boat making, regalia and traditional medicine.

142 Outdoor Facilities

Outdoor facilities including site furnishings, the entry ramada, the outdoor theater (amphimeadow) and storytelling areas will be provided, inspired by traditional California Indian forms and materials.

Design Guidelines:

• Natural materials will be used in the construction of outdoor facilities.

• The design of outdoor facilities will look to traditional California Indian forms for inspiration.

• California Indian tribes will be equitably represented. Materials and forms representative of all California Indians shall be used for all outdoor facilities.

143 Art in the Landscape

The art exhibited on the CIHC site will showcase California Indian artists with permanent and changing exhibits representative of all California Indians.

Design Guidelines:

• Art in the landscape will be California Indian art.

• Art selected will be a mix of contemporary and traditional California Indian art.

• California Indian art will be exhibited on the sculpture terraces of the CIHC main building and throughout the site where opportunities exist.

• Exhibitions will be a combination of permanent and changing exhibits. Art selected for these exhibits will represent all California regions and tribes over time.

144 Architectural Design Guidelines

Form and Articulation

The form of the CIHC buildings should merge with the lands while providing an iconic image for the project. It should compliment the environment and take advantage of what nature has provided.

Design Guidelines:

• The building will be unique, creating a singular identity for the California Indian Heritage Center.

• The form of the building will look to traditional Indian forms that are universal to all California Indian tribes.

• The building will aesthetically fit the site.

• The building design, form and materials will reflect native relationships to the land and nature.

145 Building Materials

Building materials will be selected to integrate natural materials with contemporary building systems. Green or sustainable building practices will be used to reduce negative environmental impacts.

Design Guidelines:

• Natural building materials will be used to integrate the building with the site.

• Materials may include wood and stone. Consideration shall be given to how these materials are used in each California Indian tribe and how this can be universally represented.

• Outdoor building materials will be sensitive to the programmatic requirements. For example, surfaces used for dance will be soft materials such as grass.

• Unifying forms and elements will be used to represent California Indian values.

• Green building practices will be used to enhance energy efficiency, indoor air quality and natural daylighting.

146 Section 7 Phasing and Implementation Approach

Replica of a Chuck-ah granary for Acorn storage (Cache Creek Conservancy) Woodland, California, 2007.

Section 7 Phasing and Implementation Approach

The final section of the Concept Masterplan document presents an implementation approach, including a summary of the estimate of probable cost and a potential phasing strategy.

The information provided in this section shall be used during the preparation of the General Plan to assist in confirming the phasing strategy and developing the CIHC’s design and implementation approach.

149 Summary Estimate of Probable Cost

An estimate of probable cost is typically prepared Cost estimate guidelines include allowances and during the planning phase of a project to establish a contingencies as noted: budget plan for design and construction. This estimate is based on a specific location with limited definition of • Site prevailing wage rates scope, including concepts and category costs. • Escalation (3 years) An initial summary of costs has been prepared to provide an overview of projected costs for the CIHC at • Contingencies: a programmatic level. Costs have been developed by • Estimating contingency J.R. Conkey Associates, based on concept drawings • Allowance for complexity provided by EDAW and Mark Cavagnero Associates in • Allowance for LEED Silver or better the masterplan concept. They are as follows: • Phasing allowance

• Illustrative Site Plan, 5/10/08 (Figure 30) Initial cost estimates target Phase One development at $50 million. At full build out, the project value • Proposed Grading, 5/10/08 (Figure 50) has been established at approximately $145 million, with an additional $28.6 million for additional off-site • Proposed Outdoor Program Diagram, 5/10/08 improvements in support of the CIHC. This excludes (Figure 33) acquisition costs and levee improvements. Discussions are ongoing with the City of West Sacramento to • Proposed Architectural Program Diagram, determine necessary levee improvements, timing of 5/10/08 (Figure 35) repairs and applicable fees within the levee segment at the project location. • Architectural Program - Working Draft by Mark Cavagnero and Associates, 1/12/07 (Tables 1-8)

150 Estimate of Probable Cost : Summary and Phase One Budget

Item Estimated Total Value ($) Phase One Budget ($)

1 SITE WORK $ 11,559,397 $ 5,564,616 Rough Grading (40 acres) $ 1,278,179 $ 1,278,179 Finish Grading and Import Fill (including $ 1,600,867 $ 1,600,867 Pond Enhancement) Base and Paving (including Roadway), $ 1,987,564 $ 993,782 Fencing Trails, Site Lighting, Site Furnishings $ 981,264 $ 490,632 Boat Dock (north end) $ 201,156 $ 201,156 Landscaping and Irrigation $ 5,510,367 $ 1,000,000 Levee Repairs $ 0 $ 0

2 UTILITIES $ 11,011,070 $ 7,071,765 Drainage $ 2,130,183 $ 2,130,183 Sewer $ 361,025 $ 361,025 Domestic Water $ 297,485 $ 297,485 Fire Water $ 511,397 $ 511,397 Site Electrical $ 3,771,675 $ 3,771,675 Off-Site Arterials, Signals $ 2,682,080 $ 0 Miscellaneous Site Features Allowance $ 1,257,225 $ 0

3 ON-SITE BUILDING AREAS $ 88,979,418 $ 23,621,683 Entry Building and Associated Structures $ 23,621,683 $ 23,621,683 Main Building and Associated Structures $ 63,341,490 $ 0 Artist In Residence $ 2,016,245 $ 0

4 OTHER SPACES $ 16,996,040 $ 0 CIHC Gateway $ 0 $ 0 Retail $ 4,828,445 $ 0 Parking Structure (2 story / 200 car max.) $12,167,595 $ 0

5 NORTHGATE SITE $ 5,019,000 $ 0 Allowance (not funded project) $ 5,019,000 $ 0

ESTIMATED PROJECT COST BUDGET SITE, UTILITIES AND BUILDING - subtotals 1, 2 and 3 Construction Sum Totals 1, 2 and 3 $ 111,549,885 $ 36,258,064 Soft Cost Set Aside @ 30% $ 33,464,966 $ 145,014,851 $ 10,877,419 $ 47,135,483

OFF-SITE IMPROVEMENTS - subtotals 4 and 5 Construction Sum Totals 4 and 5 $ 22,015,040 $ 0 $ 0 Soft Cost Set Aside @ 30% $ 6,604,512 $ 28,619,552 $ 0

ESTIMATED TOTAL BUDGET REQUIREMENT $ 173,634,403 $ 47,135,483

Table 10. Summary of Estimate of Probable Cost, and Phase One Budget Source: DPR 2008 151 Phasing Strategy

Development of a phased project strategy has been based on concept drawings, site opportunities and constraints and delivery of an achievable first phase that will support initial operations and programs. An initial goal of $50 million has been identified as a Phase One target.

Costs have been developed to identify potential Phase One costs directly related to the site. These include rough grading and fill, borrow pit enhancement, development of the northern boat dock and limited development of trails, landscaping and irrigation. It is expected that completion of infrastructure and utilities will be completed in Phase One for initial and eventual hookup at full build out. Facility development will be limited to approximately 26,000 square feet that will accommodate activities to support a successful Phase One operation. These functions are yet to be defined, but may include limited relocation of certain Tribal Treasures, exhibits, administrative and public spaces. These will shift to new facilities when full build out is achieved.

152 The past is our future.

Jack Norton (Hupa/Cherokee)

153 Acknowledgments

CIHC TASK FORCE CIHC CORE ADVISORY GROUP

Larry Myers (Pomo) A special thank you is given to the six core advisors, and the Task Chairman Force representative, all of whom gave unselfishly of their time CIHC Task Force Executive Secretary and wisdom. Native American Heritage Commission Bill Mungary (Paiute/Apache) Cindi Alvitre (Tongva) CIHC Task Force Representative Tim Bactad (Kumeyaay) Alexandra Harris (Cherokee) Gen Denton (Miwok) Frank LaPena (Nomtipom Wintu) Cristina Moreno (Chumash) Reba Fuller (Me-Wuk) Adriane Tafoya (Yokuts) Bill Mungary (Paiute/Apache) Cliff Trafzer (Wyandot) Sherrie Smith-Ferri (Pomo)

EX OFFICIO TASK FORCE MEMBERS

Ruth Coleman Director California State Parks

Mike Chrisman Secretary Resources Agency

Susan Hildreth California State Librarian

David Quintana Designee Secretary, Resources Agency

154 CIHC PROJECT TEAM PAST CIHC PARTICIPANTS CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS

Catherine Taylor We would like to acknowledge District Superintendent the contributions of the many California Capital District State Museums Indian Advisors, past Task Force members, and Historic Parks staff and consultants who contributed their Maria Baranowski time and effort to lay the foundation for this Project Manager important work. Senior Architect Northern Service Center

Tara Lynch Staff Counsel Legal Section

Warren Westrup Chief Acquisition and Real Property Services Division

Rob Wood (Cherokee) CIHC Project Coordinator Capital District State Museums and Historic Parks

Sarah Fonseca (Nisenan Maidu) Project Assistant Northern Service Center

155 List of Figures

Figure 1. Site Context Circulation and Access 24 Figure 26. Architectural and Site Programming 94 Figure 2. Regional Setting 25 Courtyard Concept Figure 3. East Riverfront Property, Site Survey 26 Figure 27. Architectural Program & Adjacencies - 96 Figure 4. East Riverfront Property, View from Regatta 30 Courtyard Concept at Ground Level Lane Figure 28. Architectural Program & Adjacencies - 97 Figure 5. East Riverfront Property, View from Fountain 30 Courtyard Concept at Upper Levels Drive Figure 29. Traditional Building & Village Images Illustrate 102 Figure 6. East Riverfront Property, View from 30 the Preferred Concept for the CIHC Lighthouse Drive Figure 30. Proposed CIHC & State Park, Illustrative Plan 104 Figure 7. East Riverfront Property, View from Discovery 30 Figure 31. Proposed CIHC & State Park, Illustrative Plan 106 Park Enlargement Figure 8. East Riverfront Property, Looking South from 31 Figure 32. Reference Images 107 Northwestern Corner Figure 33. Proposed CIHC & State Park, Outdoor 108 Figure 9. East Riverfront Property, Existing Site Access 32 Program Diagram Figure 10. East Riverfront Property, Existing Topography 36 Figure 34. East Riverfront Property Site Images 110 Figure 11. East Riverfront Property, Hydrology 38 Figure 35. Proposed Architectural Program Diagram 112 Figure 12. East Riverfront Property, Ecosystems 44 Figure 36-37. Proposed Architectural Program and 116 Figure 13. Site Opportunities and Constraints Diagram 50 Adjacencies, Ground and Upper Levels Figure 14. Chaw’se Indian Grinding Rock State Historic 56 Figure 38. Character Images 118 Park - Scale Comparison & Character Images Figure 39. Proposed CIHC, View of Entry Courtyard & 120 Figure 15. Potawot Health Village 58 Building 1 Scale Comparison and Character Images Figure 40. Proposed CIHC, Aerial View of Bldg. & Gath- 122 Figure 16. Alaska Native Heritage Center - 60 ering Circles: Reclaimed Pond in Foreground Scale Comparison & Character Images Figure 41. View to the East Riverfront Property - 124 Figure 17. National Museum of the American Indian 62 View from Regatta Lane Scale Comparison & Character Images Figure 42. View to the East Riverfront Property - 124 Figure 18. NMAI Cultural Resources Center - 64 View from Fountain Drive Scale Comparison & Character Images Figure 43. View to the East Riverfront Property - 124 Figure 19. National Hispanic Cultural Center - 66 View from Lighthouse Drive Scale Comparison & Character Images Figure 44. View to the East Riverfront Property - 124 Figure 20. Architectural and Site Programming 86 View from Discovery Park Village Concept Figure 45. View to the East Riverfront Property - 125 Figure 21. Architectural Program & Adjacencies - 88 View from Northwestern Corner Village Concept at Ground Level Figure 46. East Riverfront Property, Potential Site Access 126 Figure 22. Architectural Program & Adjacencies - 89 Figure 47. JTS Parcel Possible Development Scenario 1: 128 Village Concept at Upper Level Regatta Extension Figure 23. Architectural and Site Programming 90 Figure 48. JTS Parcel Possible Development Scenario 2: 128 Atrium Concept Mixed-Use Development with Parking Garage Figure 24. Architectural Program & Adjacencies - 92 Figure 49. JTS Parcel Possible Development Scenario 3: 128 Atrium Concept at Ground Level Surface Parking Only Figure 25. Architectural Program & Adjacencies - 93 Figure 50 East Riverfront Property, Proposed Grading 130 Atrium Concept at Upper Level Figure 51. Landscape Character Images 133 156 List of Tables

Table 1. Required Architectural Program: Entry 73 Spaces Table 2. Required Architectural Program: Forum 74 Spaces Table 3. Required Architectural Program: Content 75 Spaces Table 4. Required Architectural Program: Library and 76 Archive Spaces Table 5A. Required Architectural Program: Tribal 77 Treasures Spaces Table 5B. Required Architectural Program: Tribal 78 Treasures Spaces (Cont.) Table 6. Architectural Program: Office and Support 79 Spaces Table 7A. Required Outdoor Program 81 Table 7B. Required Outdoor Program (Cont.) 82 Table 7C. Required Outdoor Program (Cont.) 83 Table 8. Required Architectural and Outdoor Program 83 Summary Table Table 9. Proposed Architectural Program Areas 114 Table 10. Estimate of Probable Cost: Summary and 151 Phase One Budget

157 References

Alaska Native Heritage Center (ANHC). 2008. ANHC Web Site. http://www.alaskanative.net/ (accessed March 2008).

Berlinger, Shevi. 2001. Potawot Health Village Opens. http://heydaybooks.com/news/issues/articles/15.2.Potawot.html (accessed March 2008).

California Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR). 2007. California Indian Heritage Center Project, City of West Sacramento East Riverfront Site, Preliminary Environmental Evaluation and Issue Identification. California Department of Parks and Recreation Northern Service Center. Sacramento, CA.

California State Parks. 2008. Indian Grinding Rock State Historic Park. http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=553 (accessed March 2008).

Callander Associates. 1991. West Sacramento Bicycle & Pedestrian Path Master Plan. Prepared for The City of West Sacramento. San Mateo, CA.

California Code of Regulations (CCR). 2008. California Office of Administrative Law. California Code of Regulations. Title 23. Waters. http://www.oal.ca.gov/ (accessed March 2008).

City of West Sacramento (COWS). 2005. City of West Sacramento Municipal Code. Title 17 Zoning Ordinance. http://www.cityofwestsacramento.org/cityhall/departments/comdev/Documents/documents/17.22_000.pdf (accessed March 2008).

City of West Sacramento (COWS). Draft update. The City of West Sacramento Bicycle & Pedestrian & Trail Master Plan. http://www.cityofwestsacramento.org/cityhall/departments/comdev/DesignSeriesNov3Workshop.pdf (access March 2008).

City of West Sacramento (COWS) Web Site. http://www.cityofwestsacramento.org/ (accessed March 2008).

County of Sacramento. Municipal Services Agency. Planning and Community Development Department. 2006. Sacramento County American River Parkway Plan. Sacramento, CA.

Cultural Resources Center (CRC), National Museum of the American Indian. 2008. http://www.nmai.si.edu/subpage.cfm?subpage=visitor&second=md&third=cultural (accessed March 2008).

158 Davis, L. 1991. Report of the California State Indian Museum Consultants. The California Indian Museum. State of California - The Resources Agency. Department of Parks and Recreation. Sacramento, CA.

Department of Water Resources (DWR). 2003. Fact Sheet. Sacramento River Flood Control Project. Weirs and Flood Relief Structures. State of California. The Resources Agency. Department of Water Resources. Division of Flood Management. Flood Operations Branch. Sacramento, CA.

EDAW. June 2004. Draft Preliminary Delineation, Waters of the United States, Including Wetlands, East Riverfront Property Levee Relocation. Prepared for West Sacramento Redevelopment Agency and Submitted to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Sacramento District. Sacramento, CA.

EDAW. August 2004. Draft Biological Resources Evaluation, East Riverfront Property Levee Relocation. Prepared for West Sacramento Redevelopment Agency. Sacramento, CA.

Joint Exercise of Powers Authority (JPA). 2007. Phase 1 Report - May 2007. Downtown/Riverfront Streetcar Study. Partnership between the City of West Sacramento, the City of Sacramento, Sacramento Regional Transit District and the Yolo County Transit District. West Sacramento, CA.

Kleinfelder, Incorporated. 2003. Geotechnical Investigation Report, Proposed Levee Relocation, East Riverfront Property, Fountain Drive and Lighthouse Drive. West Sacramento, CA.

National Hispanic Cultural Center (NHCC). 2008. Web site under Plan a Visit and Programs. http://www.nhccnm.org/ (accessed March 2008).

National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI). 2008. National Museum of the American Indian General Information with Floor Plan. http://www.nmai.si.edu/dc/files/NMAI_bro_Eng.pdf(accessed March 2008).

Northwest Hydraulic Consultants (NHC). 2003. Hydraulic Analysis Report, East Riverfront Property Levee Relocation Project. Prepared for City of West Sacramento Redevelopment Agency. West Sacramento, CA

Northwest Hydraulic Consultants (NHC). 2007. CIHC Hydraulic Assessment Memorandum to EDAW. West Sacramento, CA.

159 References (cont.)

Ralph Applebaum Associates Incorporated (RAA). 2007. California Indian Heritage Center: The Developing Vision, Interim Planning and Programming Report. New York, New York.

Regional Transit (RT) System Map. Sacramento Regional Transit District. http://www.sacrt.com/systemmap/systemmap.stm (accessed March 2008).

Smith, D. J. 1986. Effects of the Lighthouse Marina Project on the Hydraulics of the Sacramento and American Rivers under High Flow Conditions.

United Indian Health Services’ [UIHS] Potawot Health Village:Integrating Health, Community and the Environment. http://humboldt1. com/~water/main_pages/PHVP.html (accessed March 2008).

US Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual [USACE Manual]. 1987. http://www.wetlands.com/regs/tlpge02e.htm (accessed November 2008)

United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service [USDA NRCS]. http://soils.usda.gov/use/hydric/ (accessed November 2008)

Walters, S. 1987. West Sacramento: The Roots of a New City. Yolo County Historical Society. Woodland, California.

WRT | Solomon E.T.C. 2003. Sacramento Riverfront Master Plan. San Francisco, CA.

Yolobus Routes and Schedules Web Site. Yolo County Transportation District. http://yolobus.com/m3.html (accessed March 2008).

160 161 162 CIHC Contact California Indian Heritage Center c/o California State Indian Museum 2618 K Street, Sacramento, CA 95816 (916) 324-8112

CIHC Website www.CIHC.parks.ca.gov

Cover art: Creation Story, 2000, by Harry Fonseca (Nisenan Maidu/ Native Hawaiian/Portuguese, b. 1946, d. 2006), Santa Fe, New Mexico. Acrylic on canvas. Gift of Peggy and George Wessler, 2004. 194 x 525 cm (26/5007). Courtesy, National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institute.

VOLUME I : California Indian Heritage Center: The Developing Vision Interim Project Planning and Interpretive Programming Report, September 2007

VOLUME II : California Indian Heritage Center: Concept Masterplan Interim Site and Facility Masterplanning and Programming Report, May 2008

Distribution of this book is strictly limited. The images and diagrams in this document were prepared for the exclusive use of the California Indian Heritage Center to assist the Center and its design team, and may not be reproduced, retransmitted or otherwise used without the express permission of the California Indian Heritage Center, West Sacramento, California.

© California Indian Heritage Center, 2008 Cover: Detail of a painting, 265007.000, Harry Fonseca (Nisenan Maidu / Native Hawaiian / Portuguese), an acrylic painting entitled Creation Cover: Detail of aStory, painting 2000. by Santa Harry Fe, Fonseca New Mexico. (Nisenan Signed Maidu), and dated. Creation Photo Story by Enrest, 2000, Amoroso. acrylic Courtesy,on canvas National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institute. For full image, please see inside back cover.

Prepared by Ralph Appelbaum Associates Incorporated, New York, New York

Prepared by EDAW Incorporated, San Francisco, California Graphic Design by Ralph Appelbaum Associates Incorporated, New York, New York 164