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U.S. Department of Transportation
234144· REPORT NO. FRA-OR&D-75-54 PB244532 1111111111111111111111111111 FIELD EVALUATION OF LOCOMOTIVE CONSPICUITY LIGHTS D.8. Devoe C.N. Abernethy . :~ . • REPRODUCED BY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF .COMMERCE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATiON SERVICE SPRINGFIELD, VA 22161 MAY 1975 FINAL REPORT DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC THROUGH THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE, SPRINGFIELD, VIRGINIA 22161 Prepared for U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION Office of Research and Development Washington DC 20590 NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Govern ment assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. \ \ NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein solely because they are con sidered essential to the object of this report. Technical keport Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Governmenl Accession No. FRA-OR&D-75-54 t--:~;-,--....,...,.....,......--:-------_..L.-_--------------f'-,~'.:---:--:::---':"'-':"'-'---""~-""--'-'----'---1 4. T,ll_ and Subtitle 5. Report Date FIELD EVALUATION OF LOCOMOTIVE CONSPICUITY May 1975 LIGHTS 6. Performing Organization C"de h~:--:""""'"7-;---'-----------------------j8. Performing Organi zation Report No. 7. Author l s) D.B. Devoe CN AbernethY DOT-TSC-FRA-74-11 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) U.S. Department of Transportation RR402/R 5331 Transportation Systems Center 11. Contract or Grant No. Kendall Square Cambridge MA 02142 12. Sponsoring A.gency Name and Address Final Report U.S. Depar~ment of Transportation March - June 1974 Federal Railroad Administration Office of Research and Development 14. -
LED Lighting Standards in ENERGY STAR Programs
LED Lig hting Standards in ENERGY STAR® Programs Jianzhong Jiao, Ph.D. OSRAM Opto Semiconductors Inc. Outline Introduction LED lighting standards referred to or referenced in ENERGY STAR® Specs –ANSI – IESNA – UL –NEMA Implementations of LED lighting standards in ENERGY STAR® Programs – Testing for qualifications – Considerations of new standards EPA Energy Star Products Partner Meeting | Nov. 9, 2011 | 2 Introduction LED Lighting Standardization Bodies in USA Professional associations – SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) – IESNA (Illumination Engineering Society North America) – IEEE-SA (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Association) Standard organizations – UL (Underwriter Laboratories) – ANSI (American National Standard Institute) Trade associations – NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) – JEDEC (Joint Electron Device Engineering Council) – SEMI (Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International) EPA Energy Star Products Partner Meeting | Nov. 9, 2011 | 3 Introduction U.S. Standard Organizations ISO General Lighting ANSI CIE IEC GTB SAE IEEE IESNA NEMA UL ITE JEDEC USA SEMI EPA Energy Star Products Partner Meeting | Nov. 9, 2011 | 4 Introduction Government Regulations or Specifications for LED Lighting Federal government: DOT, EPA, DOE, … – Rule making (establish rules by federal agencies) – Enforcement – “Endorsement”, approval, labeling Federal government: DOC – National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): US National Metrology Institute – Promote US innovation and -
Using Flow Cytometry and Light-Induced Fluorescence To
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1817–1838, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1817-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Using flow cytometry and light-induced fluorescence to characterize the variability and characteristics of bioaerosols in springtime in Metro Atlanta, Georgia Arnaldo Negron1,2, Natasha DeLeon-Rodriguez3,a, Samantha M. Waters1,b, Luke D. Ziemba4, Bruce Anderson4, Michael Bergin5, Konstantinos T. Konstantinidis6,3, and Athanasios Nenes1,7,8 1School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA 2School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA 3School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA 4School of Biological Sciences, Chemistry and Dynamics Branch/Science Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA 5Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 2770, USA 6School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA 7Institute for Chemical Engineering Science, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patra, 26504, Greece 8Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts (LAPI), School of Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland acurrently at: Puerto Rico Science, Technology and Research Trust, Rio Piedras, 00927, Puerto Rico bcurrently at: Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-3636, USA Correspondence: Konstantinos T. Konstantinidis ([email protected]) and Athanasios Nenes (athanasios.nenes@epfl.ch) Received: 9 October 2018 – Discussion started: 30 October 2018 Revised: 12 September 2019 – Accepted: 22 September 2019 – Published: 14 February 2020 Abstract. -
DIY Kit 14 - 240V MAINS STROBOSCOPIC LIGHT
DIY Kit 14 - 240V MAINS STROBOSCOPIC LIGHT INTRODUCTION The switch which “closes” to give the pulse of energy to This kit contains the circuit to trigger a xenon flashtube. trigger the xenon flashtube is the neon tube. Let us This flashtube is exactly the same as those seen on aircraft discuss the operation of the neon tube in general before and signal beacons and as those contained in camera flash we look at the circuit in particular. units, fast passport photo kiosks and at discos. Other uses include endoscopes, laser pumps, high speed The neon is connected as a relaxation oscillator as shown photocopiers and typsetting. The frequency of flash can in Figure 1. The neon tube itself can be seen simply to be adjusted from about once every 3 seconds to about 3 contain two electrodes in parallel to each other in a small per second. glass bulb. The air has been replaced by neon gas. When a potential difference (PD) below a critical value is applied (Actually the kit contains TWO flashtubes. The xenon across the electrodes the neon gas will ionize but conduct filled tube is the one the makes all the light. However there almost no current.As the PD approaches the critical value is another flashtube which contains neon gas. It flashes as the neon gas glows with its characteristic orange/pink well but provides a different function as will be explained colour. At about 70V (called the striking voltage) current later.) will flow across the electrodes. The PD must drop to about 60V (the extinction voltage) for current to stop flowing. -
GE Consumer & Industrial
GE Consumer & Industrial LIGHTING GE Consumer & Industrial specialty 2004⁄2005 LAMP CATALOG Specialty Lighting Lamp Products Catalog 2004/2005 GE imagination at work 000 Cover_Ideas_06 2 07/09/04, 11:56 AM 000 Cover_Ideas_06 1 07/09/04, 11:56 AM Introduction SPECIALTY Introduction This catalog lists and provides essential technical data for available General Electric lamps that are used in lighting for specialty markets worldwide including Stage/Studio/TV, Projection/Photo, Sealed Beams, Fluorescent, Incandescent and Discharge Lamps optimized for specific applications. Applications can be severe service (cold, vibration, accessibility), architectural (color, black light), industrial (appliances, germicidal, safety, low voltage, infrared/heat), transportation (aircraft, railroad, marine), and infrastructure (airport, emergency building lighting, traffic signal, sign). Lamp listings are grouped into market/application sections, each containing a “family” of lamps by application or commonalities (such as base, shape, spectral distribution, color temperature), to assist in selection or interchange. Ordering Lamps To order lamps use the GE Order Code, Description and Case Quantity columns. If a lamp is colored BLUE it is stocked in Europe, GREEN is Europe and North America, BLACK is North America only. Otherwise procurement must be through an international distributor or your GE sales representative. North America, European and International sales offices are in the appendix. Other GE Publications All the lamps in this Specialty Catalog come from other GE catalogs/websites. These catalogs and websites contain data for other lamps that may be of interest: In North America: • Lamp Products Catalog (PC 25265) • Miniature/Sealed Beam Catalog (PC 20699) • Stage and Studio SHOWBIZ (PC23766) • www.GELighting.com • or 1-800-GELAMPS In Europe: • GE Consumer and Industrial Lighting Lamp Catalogue-Spectrum • SHOWBIZ® (ENTCAT 02/2003) Lamp Index There is a sorted (numeric/alphabetic) index by description with ANSI/LIF code, if available, which provides page number. -
11L Visual Signaling Devices ''Steady On'' Beacons, ''Rotating'' Beacons and ''Flashing'' Strobe Lights
2: 5: 50: 95: 98: 100: SYS19: BASE2 JOB: CRMAIN06-0939-6 Name: 11L-939 DATE: JAN 19 2006 Time: 6:02:54 PM Operator: RB COLOR: CMYK TCP: 15001 Typedriver Name: TS name csm no.: 100 Zoom: 100 2 Visual Signaling Devices 11L ‘‘Steady On’’ Beacons, ‘‘Rotating’’ Beacons and ‘‘Flashing’’ Strobe Lights Luminaires for Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Locations Description Page No. Application 940 VF Beacons Fluorescent ‘‘Steady On’’ 941 EX Fire Alarm Strobe Light 942, 944, 949 EX Strobe Light 943, 944, 949 EX Steady-on Beacon 945, 946, 949 EX Rotating Beacon 947, 948, 949 VDAS Strobe Lights 950 US: 1-866-764-5454 CAN: 1-800-265-0502 Copyright© 2006 Cooper Crouse-Hinds 939 STIBOINFO((CRH:66008com:11L:939)) PDFINFO C H 0 0 0 0 8 L 2: 5: 50: 95: 98: 100: SYS19: BASE2 JOB: CRMAIN06-0940-9 Name: 11L-940 DATE: JAN 19 2006 Time: 6:02:55 PM Operator: RB COLOR: CMYK TCP: 15001 Typedriver Name: TS name csm no.: 100 Zoom: 100 11L Visual Signaling Devices ‘‘Steady On’’ Beacons, ‘‘Rotating’’ Beacons and ‘‘Flashing’’ Strobe Lights Luminaires for Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Locations Application: Considerations for ɀ for use in hazardous and non-hazardous Selection: areas (as shown in the quick selector chart Environmental: shown below). ɀ What is the hazardous area classification ɀ to supplement audible signals, especially in (NEC/CEC) of the location in which the high noise areas. luminaire will be installed? ɀ as visual signals or warning lights. ɀ Signaling Requirements: to identify the location of safety equipment ɀ such as emergency shower, eye wash What will the visual signal be used for stations, and emergency telephones, fire (Communicating, alerting, warning)? extinguishers and emergency stop switches. -
Environmental Impacts of Photoluminescence and Light
sustainability Article Environmental Impacts of Photoluminescence and Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Lighting Technologies in Horticulture: Case Study on Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) and LED Lights for “Night Break” of Chrysanthemum Cultivation Thi Thu Linh Hoang 1,2,*, Thi Gam Do 1, Van Thao Nguyen 1, Hoai Chau Nguyen 2,3 and Hong Khoi Phan 1,* 1 Center for High Technology Development, VAST, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; [email protected] (T.G.D.); [email protected] (V.T.N.) 2 Faculty of Environmental Technology, Graduate University of Science & Technology (GUST), VAST, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; [email protected] 3 Institute of Environmental Technology (IET), VAST, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam * Correspondence: [email protected] (T.T.L.H.); [email protected] (H.K.P.); Tel.: +84-98-3416689 (T.T.L.H.); Fax: +84-24-3791-6283 (T.T.L.H.) Received: 7 August 2020; Accepted: 17 September 2020; Published: 25 September 2020 Abstract: The environmental impacts of photoluminescence and light-emitting diode (LED) lighting technologies in horticulture are described in this paper. As a case study, the life cycle assessment (LCA) associated with the raw materials, air, water and natural resources of screw-based compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and screw-based horticultural LED lamps (abbreviated as H-LED) used for “night break” effect in chrysanthemum cultivation is considered. Instead of the unit of radiant power of lighting sources (lumens) used in human lighting, the photon flux (micromoles per second) of the plant light is used in this study. The results of the study show that the environmental impacts of the H-LED lighting technology are markedly less than the fluorescent lamps. -
LED Down Light Retrofit Compatible for Use with Fluorescent CFL Ballasts 1X32w and 2X26w CFL Replacement
www.elbelectronics.com LED Down Light Retrofit Compatible for use with fluorescent CFL ballasts 1x32W and 2x26W CFL replacement Down Light Retrofit Solutions An LED down light direct replacement lighting product requiring NO Re-WIRING of the existing light fluorescent CFL fixture. Excellent energy savings when retrofitting existing 1x32 and 2x26 compact fluorescent down lights. Installation is easy…just remove existing CFL lamps, install the down mounting ring, plug in the connector and slide in LED light module. Models available to fit 6” and 8” diameter down lights. Designed to provide equivalent light output compared to down light fixtures fitted with 1x32 and 2x26 Watt Energy Savings of over 55 to70% when compared compact fluorescent lamps. Models available in two to existing Compact Fluorescent 1x32 and 2x26 lumen outputs (standard and high lumen). down light fixtures. Product is compatible with most existing standard Models available to support 6” and 8” diameter fluorescent down light Electronic CFL ballast and battery down lights using 1x32 Triple and 2x26 Double back-up ballasts. compact fluorescent lamps using electronic ballasts. If the existing ballast fails replace the ballast or operate the LED module with an optional 120-277VAC LED remote Installation is easy and saves money. continuous dimming driver. No rewiring of the light fixture is required. Benefits: Easy 3 step installation: - Excellent energy savings with minimal installation costs - Use with occupancy sensors with frequent starting • Remove existing - Instant -
User Manual 2.3 MB
10M 25M 50M 75M 100M 10Y 25Y 50Y 75Y 100Y impact TM For EX-100A accessories and to see all of our lighting equipment, please visit our Web site. impactTM EX-100A Monolight www.impactstudiolighting.com INSTRUCTIONS Page 20 Page 1 (back cover) (front cover) 10M 25M 50M 75M 100M 10Y 25Y 50Y 75Y 100Y Thank you for your purchase of the Impact EX-100A Monolight. The One-Year Limited Warranty EX-100A Monolight is economical and lightweight, yet durable enough to give you many years of trouble-free service and enjoyment. Please read these operating instructions and safety precautions carefully before operating this equipment. Features • Three-stop range – full power to 1/8 power, steplessly • Built-in optical slave • Modeling lamp can be set to proportional or full power • Accepts Elinchrom-style reectors and head accessories (8-inch grid reector included) • Tactile, “grippy” feel that resists slipping, scratches, and shock damage • Commonly available 1/8˝ mini-plug sync input • Low 4.3V trigger voltage – safe for any camera’s circuitry Power Requirements This light comes in two models; one is designed for use with 110/120V AC power in the US and the other for 220V AC power in Europe. Neither model can be used outside of its native power region. Both are supplied with a three-prong, grounded plug. Do not attempt to defeat this safety feature. If necessary, use only grounded extension cords rated for six amps or greater. Warning There are no user-serviceable parts inside the unit. Only qualied service engineers should access the inside of the case (Danger – high-voltage parts inside). -
Zipka® Plus2
TIKKA - ZIPKA headlamps New lighting performance ZIPKA® PLUS2 Selling points Product specifications • Compact, light and comfortable: Weight: 71 g Ultra-compact headlamp with - 25 % more compact than the TIKKA PLUS2 headlamp Beam pattern: wide retractable cord, 1 high-output LED, - single compartment contains LEDs and batteries Max. light quantity: 70 lumens - ZIP retractable cord is adjustable Max. lighting distance: 40 m 1 red LED and five lighting modes • Versatile and powerful: Max. battery life: 155 h (three continuous and two blinking) - three white lighting modes (maximum, economic and Number of batteries: 3 strobe) Battery type (included): AAA/LR03 The ultra-compact ZIPKA PLUS2 headlamp - two red lighting modes: maximum and strobe Battery compatibility: alkaline, lithium, rechargeable Ni-MH, is equipped with the ZIP retractable cord - type of lighting (white or red) is selected by pressing rechargeable Ni-Cd for two seconds on the push-button (the last mode used Watertightness: IP X4 (water resistant) system. This feature allows the headlamp to remains in the memory until the next use) Certification(s): CE be worn on the head or wrist, or attached to • One high-output white LED: any other support, like a tent pole, a bicycle - 70 lumens (maximum mode) Accessories - shines up to 40 meters (maximum mode) seat post, etc. This headlamp integrates - 155 h light duration on economic mode POCHE ZIPKA®2: E94990 two light sources for versatility: one white, - specific Petzl lens optimizes the reach of the beam and KIT ADAPT TIKKA®2: E97900 maximizes versatility CORE: E93100 high-output LED and one red LED. The white • Easy to use: LED delivers 70 lumens in maximum mode - electronic push-button switch and lights up to 40 meters. -
Light Emitting Diodes (LED): Applications in Forest
Forest Nursery Notes Summer 2013 Light Emitting Diodes (LED) – Applications in Forest and Native Plant Nurseries by Thomas D. Landis , Jeremiah R. Pinto, and R. Kasten Dumroese “LED lighting has a bright future in the world of horticultural lighting. —When applied in a well- designed system, no other light source can match the capabilities that LEDs have to offer” — Bourget 2008 It was quotes like this that made us want to learn more about light emitting diodes (LED). Other than knowing that LEDs were the latest innovation in artificial lighting, we knew that we had a lot to learn. So we started by re- viewing some of the basics. The following review is a brief synopsis of how light affects plants and some discussion about LED lighting. If you want more detailed informa- tion about the effects of light on plant growth, read Chap- ter 3 in Volume Three: Atmospheric Environment of the Container Tree Nursery Manual (Landis and others 1992). 1. The complicated nature of light If you follow quantum mechanics, you are familiar with Figure 1 - Plants absorb certain wavelengths of light. Photo- the relatively recent discovery that electromagnetic radia- synthesis is fueled by blue or red light (peaking at 460 and 680 tion, commonly referred to as “light”, has a dual nature - nm), whereas phytochrome is activated by red light (660 nm) properties of both waves and particles. Although scientists and deactivated by far red light (750 nm). Phototropism and and philosophers as far back as Aristotle had developed cell expansion are promoted by blue wavelengths. Contrast theories about light, it was not until 1905 that Albert these responses to those of the human eye which peak in the Einstein described the photoelectric effect that explained yellow-green wavelengths (555 nm). -
Consumer's Guide to LED Lighting
Learn more about Tri-State at www.tristate.coop Consumer’s guide to LED lighting Let there be light lighting. This guide is intended to help you navigate Although incandescent lighting has been around since the your choices. late 1800s and changed the way people live, it has always been a lighting source that gives off more heat than light. In this guide the words light, lamp and bulb are used About 90 percent of the electricity used by an incandescent interchangeably. Please use the guide as general bulb goes to heat rather than light! With the variety of Light information and consult a lighting professional for Emitting Diode (LED) lighting available today, it’s a good time your more detailed specifi cations or questions. to consider replacing your current Lighting considerations Bulb bases Bulb shapes and sizes Save energy, save money Operational cost estimate (800 lumen equivalent) An alphanumeric code denotes the bulb shape and size An alphanumeric code denotes the shape and the size of of the base. The letter refers to base type and the number the bulb. The letter refers to the shape of the lamp while a LED lights may cost you more initially, however LEDs use Halogen Incandescent LED less energy, which will save you money. Incandescent gives its maximum diameter in millimeters. For example, number gives its maximum diameter in multiples of ¹⁄8-inch. an E26 base notes an Edison base that is 26 millimeters or For example, an A19 lamp denotes the arbitrary (standard) Lighting effi cacy is the measured amount of light per quantity Energy use (watts) 43 60 9 1.03 inches in diameter.