DOCSLIB.ORG

Australian Pigmeat Industry, Report No

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Australian Pigmeat Industry, Report No Australian Productivity Pigmeat Commission Industry Inquiry Report No. 35, 18 March 2005 © Commonwealth of Australia 2005 ISSN 1447-1329 ISBN 1 74037 171 2 This work is subject to copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, the work may be reproduced in whole or in part for study or training purposes, subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source. Reproduction for commercial use or sale requires prior written permission from the Attorney-General’s Department. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Commonwealth Copyright Administration, Attorney-General’s Department, Robert Garran Offices, National Circuit, Canberra ACT 2600. This publication is available in hard copy or PDF format from the Productivity Commission website at www.pc.gov.au. If you require part or all of this publication in a different format, please contact Media and Publications (see below). Publications inquiries: Media and Publications Productivity Commission Locked Bag 2 Collins Street East Melbourne VIC 8003 Tel: (03) 9653 2244 Fax: (03) 9653 2303 Email: [email protected] General inquiries: Tel: (03) 9653 2100 or (02) 6240 3200 An appropriate citation for this paper is: Productivity Commission 2005, Australian Pigmeat Industry, Report no. 35, Melbourne. The Productivity Commission The Productivity Commission, an independent agency, is the Australian Government’s principal review and advisory body on microeconomic policy and regulation. It conducts public inquiries and research into a broad range of economic and social issues affecting the welfare of Australians. The Commission’s independence is underpinned by an Act of Parliament. Its processes and outputs are open to public scrutiny and are driven by concern for the wellbeing of the community as a whole. Information on the Productivity Commission, its publications and its current work program can be found on the World Wide Web at www.pc.gov.au or by contacting Media and Publications on (03) 9653 2244. Melbourne Office Level 28, 35 Collins Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Locked Bag 2 Collins Street East Melbourne VIC 8003 Telephone 03 9653 2100 Facsimile 03 9653 2199 Canberra Office Telephone 02 6240 3200 18 March 2005 www.pc.gov.au The Honourable Peter Costello MP Treasurer Parliament House CANBERRA ACT 2600 Dear Treasurer In accordance with Section 11 of the Productivity Commission Act 1998, I have pleasure in submitting to you the Commission’s final report into the Australian Pigmeat Industry. Yours sincerely Dr Neil Byron Presiding Commissioner Terms of reference I, Peter Costello, under Parts 2 and 3 of the Productivity Commission Act 1998, hereby refer for inquiry and report the competitive situation and outlook for the Australian pigmeat industry, including both production and processing. 1. In undertaking the inquiry, the Commission is to take into account: • the structure and regional distribution of the industry; • key factors influencing the profitability of the industry, and the extent to which these factors are short or long term influences; • trends and factors influencing demand and supply, including imports and exports; • the competitiveness of the industry, including competitiveness relative to international competitors, and efforts taken by the domestic industry to enhance competitiveness; and • the impact and effectiveness of existing and recent government and industry programs. 2. I further specify that: • the Commission report on whether the circumstances are such that government and/or industry measures (including regional measures) are necessary to enhance the competitiveness of the industry; and • if so, what measures would be necessary and appropriate. 3. The Commission is to report within 5 months (or earlier) of receipt of this reference and is to hold hearings for the purposes of the inquiry. 4. The Government will consider the Commission’s recommendations and the Government’s response will be announced following consideration of the Commission’s report. PETER COSTELLO [Received 31 August 2004] IV TERMS OF REFERENCE Contents Terms of reference IV Abbreviations and explanations XI Key points XIV Overview XV Findings XXXIV 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background to this inquiry 1 1.2 Conduct of the inquiry 2 1.3 Report structure 3 2 Australian markets for pigs and pigmeat 5 2.1 Pig and pigmeat products 5 2.2 Production of pigmeat 5 2.3 Consumption of pigmeat 17 2.4 Pig and pigmeat prices 19 2.5 Exports and imports 24 2.6 Profitability 32 3 Framework for assessing industry competitiveness 37 3.1 The competitiveness of businesses and industries 37 3.2 Sources of competitive advantage 38 3.3 Potential indicators of competitiveness 42 4 External factors affecting competitiveness 47 4.1 Delivered cost of imported pigmeat 47 4.2 Feed costs 52 4.3 Government assistance 54 CONTENTS V 5 Internal factors affecting competitiveness 69 5.1 Production technology 69 5.2 Inputs 74 5.3 Risk management 80 6 Government and industry programs in Australia 83 6.1 Framework for establishing the role of government 84 6.2 Government programs to improve competitiveness and economic efficiency in the pigmeat industry 90 6.3 Government programs to facilitate adjustment to economic change in the pigmeat industry 101 6.4 Industry programs 112 7 Potential impediments to improving performance and competitiveness 117 7.1 Imports and overseas assistance 117 7.2 Market access in export markets 119 7.3 Grain prices and availability 123 7.4 Access to genetic material 134 7.5 Labour costs and availability 136 7.6 Labelling laws 137 7.7 Pig size and pigmeat payment systems 140 7.8 Risk management in output and input prices 143 7.9 Access to capital 147 7.10 Animal welfare regulations 148 7.11 Other potential impediments 149 7.12 Conclusion 151 8 Measures to improve industry competitiveness 153 8.1 Industry and business measures to improve competitiveness 153 8.2 Government measures to improve competitiveness 156 8.3 Conclusion 178 9 Outlook for competitiveness 181 VI CONTENTS A Conduct of the inquiry 187 B Supplementary information on Australian markets for pigs and pigmeat 191 B.1 Pigmeat supply chain 191 B.2 Pig and pigmeat prices 196 B.3 Exports and imports 197 B.4 Imported and domestic pigmeat used in secondary processing 200 C Supplementary information on world markets 205 C.1 World pigmeat production, consumption and trade 205 C.2 Country profiles 207 D Correspondence 213 E Producer support estimates 235 E.1 Components of producer support estimates 235 F Summary program information for Australia 239 F.1 Australian Pork Limited programs 240 F.2 Cooperative Research Centre for an Internationally Competitive Pork Industry 242 F.3 Pork Industry Restructure Strategy programs 243 F.4 Export Market Development Grants 247 F.5 Tax provisions 248 F.6 Agriculture — Advancing Australia programs 252 F.7 Exceptional Circumstances drought assistance 256 Attachment I: Programs assisting pigmeat producers in Canada, the European Union and the United States 257 I.1 Executive summary 260 I.2 International production 260 I.3 United States 263 I.4 Canada 266 I.5 European Union 268 I.6 Research, inspection, education and extension services 269 I.7 Outlook 270 I.8 Summary of specific programs 271 References 305 CONTENTS VII BOXES 2.1 Meat consumption and prices 18 2.2 World pig prices 22 2.3 Quarantine measures in Australia 27 2.4 Danish export prices for pigmeat 29 2.5 International trade data 30 3.1 Air freight cost advantages to Asian markets 40 3.2 Costs of production 43 3.3 Understanding pigmeat imports 45 4.1 International grain prices 53 4.2 Fundamentals of foreign industry assistance 55 4.3 The Canadian Agricultural Income Stabilisation program 58 4.4 The competitive structure of the Danish market for pigmeat 66 5.1 Risk and risk aversion 81 6.1 Estimated benefits of quality assurance and product development projects to boost exports to the Singapore market 93 8.1 Structural adjustment in the pigmeat industry 170 C.1 The Danish pigmeat industry 210 FIGURES 2.1 Pig product supply chain 7 2.2 Pig producers and pigmeat production 9 2.3 Distribution of pig producers and breeding sows, by herd size 10 2.4 Number of pigs, by statistical local area 11 2.5 Pig farm employment, by statistical local area 12 2.6 Pig production and the environment 13 2.7 Location of 20 largest pig abattoirs 15 2.8 Turnover and employment in bacon, ham and smallgoods manufacturing 16 2.9 Annual per person consumption of main meats sold in Australia 18 2.10 Australian retail meat prices 19 2.11 Pig contract and saleyard prices 20 2.12 Seasonal baconer contract prices 21 2.13 Retail prices of pork legs, loin chops and bacon 24 2.14 Pigmeat exports from Australia 25 VIII CONTENTS 2.15 Pigmeat imports to Australia 28 2.16 Monthly average export prices for Danish frozen boneless pigmeat 30 2.17 Australian imports of pigmeat from Canada and Denmark 31 2.18 Sales revenue, costs and income of pig producers 33 2.19 Pig-to-feed price ratio 35 4.1 Canadian and Danish pig prices 48 4.2 Value of Australian pigmeat trade (nominal) and exchange rates 50 4.3 Volume of Canadian legs imports to Australia and exchange rates 51 4.4 Volume of total Canadian pigmeat imports to Australia and exchange rates 51 4.5 Volume of Danish middles imports to Australia and exchange rates 52 4.6 Australian grain prices 53 4.7 EU farm gate prices for pigmeat, selected countries 61 4.8 US and Danish cereal prices 64 5.1 Cumulative distribution of pig producer size, Australia and Denmark 72 5.2 Input cost shares in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • International Benchmarking of the Small Goods Industry M.671
    International benchmarking of the small goods industry M.671 Prepared by: Hassall & Associates Pty Ltd Published: December 1995 © 1998 This publication is published by Meat & Livestock Australia Limited ACN 081678364 (MLA). Where possible, care is taken to ensure the accuracy of information in the publication. Reproduction in whole or in part of this publication is prohibited without the prior written consent of MLA. Meat & Livestock Australia acknowledges the matching funds provided by the Australian Government and contributions from the Australian Meat Processor Corporation to support the research and development detailed in this publication. MEAT & LIVESTOCK AUSTRALIA -------------- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. STUDY OBJECTIVES AND APPROACH 1.1 Why Benchmarking 1 1.2 Industry Benchmarking 1 1.3 Why Benchmark the Smallgoods Industry 4 1.4 Methodology 5 I. 5 Studies Related to the Smallgoods Industry 7 2. STRUCTURE OF THE AUSTRALIAN SMALLGOODS INDUSTRY 2.1 Overview of the Australian Smallgoods Industry 10 2.2 Smallgoods Industry Location and Composition II 2.3 Size ofEstablishment 11 2.4 Major Smallgoods Manufacturers 12 2.5 Smallgoods Industry Statistics 14 3. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR SJX MAJOR AUSTRALIAN SMALLGOOD PRODUCERS 3.1 Coverage 29 3.2 Production 29 3.3 Meat and Other Materials Used 31 3.4 Labour 35 3.5 Labour Productivity 37 3.6 Unit Processing Costs 40 3.7 Labour Payments 40 3.8 Unit Material and Processing Costs 43 3.9 Human Resource Management Programs 43 4. SURVEY OF AUSTRALIAN INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE 4.1 Smallgoods Plant 46 4.2
    [Show full text]
  • Simplifying the Menu: Food Regulation in Victoria
    Simplifying the Menu: Food Regulation in Victoria A draft report for further consultation and input April 2007 © State of Victoria 2007 This draft report is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth), without prior written permission from the Victorian Competition and Efficiency Commission. Cover images reproduced with the permission of the Department of Treasury and Finance. ISBN 1-920-92192-3 Disclaimer The views expressed herein are those of the Victorian Competition and Efficiency Commission and do not purport to represent the position of the Victorian Government. The content of this draft report is provided for information purposes only. Neither the Victorian Competition and Efficiency Commission nor the Victorian Government accepts any liability to any person for the information (or the use of such information) which is provided in this draft report or incorporated into it by reference. The information in this draft report is provided on the basis that all persons having access to this draft report undertake responsibility for assessing the relevance and accuracy of its content. Victorian Competition and Efficiency Commission GPO Box 4379 MELBOURNE VICTORIA 3001 AUSTRALIA Telephone: (03) 9092 5800 Facsimile: (03) 9092 5845 Website: www.vcec.vic.gov.au An appropriate citation for this publication is: Victorian Competition and Efficiency Commission 2007, Simplifying the menu: food regulation in Victoria, draft report, April. About the Victorian Competition and Efficiency Commission The Victorian Competition and Efficiency Commission is the Victorian Government’s principal body advising on business regulation reform and identifying opportunities for improving Victoria’s competitive position.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Food and Its Significance in the Australian Novels of Christina Stead, P
    F.O.O.D. (Fighting Order Over Disorder): An Analysis of Food and Its Significance in the Australian Novels of Christina Stead, Patrick White and Thea Astley. Jane Frugtneit A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Humanities James Cook University August 2007 ABSTRACT The purpose of this thesis is to find a correlation between food as symbol and food as necessity, as represented in selected Australian novels by Christina Stead, Patrick White and Thea Astley. Food as a springboard to a unique interpretation of the selected novels has been under-utilised in academic research. Although comparatively few novels were selected for study, on the basis of fastidiousness, they facilitated a rigorous hermeneutical approach to the interpretation of food and its inherent symbolism. The principle behind the selection of these novels lies in the complexity of the prose and how that complexity elicits the “transformative powers of food” (Muncaster 1996, 31). The thesis examines both the literal and metaphorical representations of food in the novels and relates how food is an inextricable part of ALL aspects of life, both actual and fictional. Food sustains, nourishes and, intellectually, its many components offer unique interpretative tools for textual analysis. Indeed, the overarching structure of the thesis is analogous with the processes of eating, digestion and defecation. For example, following a discussion of the inextricable link between food, quest and freedom in Chapter One, which uncovers contrary attitudes towards food in the novels discussed, the thesis presents a more complex psychoanalytic theory of mental disorders related to food in Chapter Two.
    [Show full text]
  • Storying with Groundwater: Why We Cry
    Storying With Groundwater: Why We Cry A project submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Deborah Wardle Bachelor of Social Science – University of New England, Armidale NSW Master of Arts: Women’s Studies – University of Melbourne Master of Creative Writing, Publishing and Editing – University of Melbourne School of Media and Communication College of Design and Social Construct RMIT University, Australia November 2018 Declaration for Candidates Submitting a Project I certify that except where due acknowledgement has been made, the work is that of the author alone; the work has not been submitted previously, in whole or in part, to qualify for any other academic award; the content of the project is the result of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved research pro- gram; any editorial work, paid or unpaid, carried out by a third party is acknowledged; and, ethics procedures and guidelines have been followed. I acknowledge the support I have received for my research through the provision of an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. Deborah Wardle Date: 4 November 2018 ii Acknowledgments Firstly, I express deep appreciation to Dr Linda Daley and Associate Professor Cathy Greenfield, who supervised my PhD through RMIT, with patience and generosity. They steered me throughout the development of the work consistently and with great insight into the research process. They were firm and encouraging in perfect measure. I express appreciation to members of Dja Dja Wurung Clans Aboriginal Corporation for assistance with use of Aboriginal language, in particular the approval to fictionalise the name of the Koori organisation in the story.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Spring Fine Food Catalogue
    30 August - 13 September 2018 Sydney Showground Sydney Olympic Park CATALOGUE www.rasnsw.com.au This page is intentionally blank. Thank you from the President Thank you for entering in this Sydney Royal Competition and congratulations to those who were successful in winning a prestigious Sydney Royal award. Our Sydney Royal competitions showcase excellence in rural produce and the passion of so many talented producers across NSW and interstate each year. The standard of entries from right across the country continues to be remarkably high which is immensely pleasing for everyone involved in the Royal Agricultural Society of NSW (RAS). Rewarding excellence and encouraging innovation in food and wine production is at the heart of our charter, and in turn supports a viable and prosperous future for our agricultural communities. To be the recipient of a Sydney Royal award is a significant achievement representing months, years and sometimes decades of hard work and dedication and is highly regarded by fellow producers. To help winning Exhibitors promote their success, the RAS provides Champion, Trophy, Gold, Silver and Bronze medal winners with Sydney Royal artwork to use on product packaging and other marketing materials to promote their success. The RAS has a solid reputation for impartial judging standards, quality and distinction. We review our Competitions every year to ensure they remain relevant to industry standards and are up-to-date with changing trends. In the same manner, we value the strong links we have with agricultural industries and welcome feedback from producers and exhibitors. There are many people involved in making our Competitions the world-class events they are and we take this opportunity to thank our stewards and judges for their time, expertise and energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report of Proceedings 2012
    RAS,' ANNUAL REPORT 2012 The Royai ricultur, Society of Victoria Di- 2012 RASV OFFICE BEARERS COUNCILLORS Patron Life Councillors The Honourable Alex Chemov AO, QC J Balfour Brown Governor of Victoria DG Beard WRR Beggs AM President AC Bott SC (Stephen) Spargo II Bucknall JM Burston Vice President RM Butler D (Deborah) Pollett Hodgson NA Edwards APM CJ Fox AM Board of Directors A Gibson SC (Stephen) Spargo (Chairman) RF Haselgrove AM D (Deborah) Pollett Hodgson (Deputy Chair) LR Latta II (Ian) Bucknall CR Lyons DS (Scott) Chapman MT Marriott MJ (Matthew) Coleman JW Rae OAM AJ (Alan) Hawkes PJB Ronald OAM NE (Noelene) King OAM AJ Russell GJ (Geoff) Phillips JH Seymour AM JA (Joy) Potter IMcK Starritt PJB (Jason) Ronald OAM FRI Stephens KW Urquhart Chief Executive Officer Council Members M (Mark) O'Sullivan J Allen RS Bell Company Secretary BM Crotty J (Jon) Perry Dr RCE Cust L Falvey Registered Office K Jordan Melbourne Showgrounds NE King OAM Epsom Road, Ascot Vale 3032 BE Laws Victoria Australia ER Lithgow Telephone +61 3 9281 7444 P McMahon Facsimile + 61 3 9281 7592 GJ Phillips D Pollett Hodgson Auditors BWA Redpath PKF IMcC Rough Chartered Accountants AF Rowden Level 14, 140 William Street A Shears-Carter OAM Melbourne 3000 SR Shelmerdine AM Victoria Australia SC Spargo GB Starritt Bankers Hon P Walsh MP National Australia Bank Limited JC Watson AM Level 28, 500 Bourke Street Melbourne 3000 Victoria Australia Solicitors Aliens Linklaters Level 37 101 Collins Street Melbourne 3000 Victoria Australia 2 The Royal AgricUltural Society
    [Show full text]
  • 2019-Fine-Food-Catalogue-Web.Pdf
    Catalogue Sydney Royal Fine Food Show 2019 Sydney Showground Sydney Olympic Park www.rasnsw.com.au This page is intentionally blank. Thank you from the President Thank you for entering this Sydney Royal Competition and congratulations to all of this year’s Sydney Royal medal winners. Entries continued to be strong this year, highlighting the importance of our competitions amongst producers. Acknowledging excellence and encouraging innovation is at the heart of our charter, and in turn, supports a sustainable and successful future for all involved in each agricultural step of our food and wine industries. Our Sydney Royal competitions are amongst the most prestigious in the country, raising the benchmark in product superiority across a range of diverse classes. The reward for such excellence is a Sydney Royal medal, a significant achievement and one that is acknowledged by your industry peers and consumers alike. The ability to go to market with Sydney Royal artwork on the packaging elevates your product and signifies the exceptional quality recognised by our judges. The standards set at our competitions are renowned across Australia, endorsing the impartiality, rigorous standards and absolute professionalism of our esteemed judging panels. I would like to extend my gratitude to our judges, stewards and dedicated committees. I would also like to give thanks to all associated sponsors who support the ongoing development of our Sydney Royal competitions each year. I look forward to seeing the passion and devotion of our winning producers result in commercial success, and I encourage them to take advantage of all associated benefits of their win.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Meat Products from Prospective Australian Animal Industries: Crocodiles, Emus, Game Birds, Rabbits, Hares and Snails
    Distribution of meat products from prospective Australian animal industries: crocodiles, emus, game birds, rabbits, hares and snails A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation by Jacquie Bodger and Brendan Goulding March 2003 RIRDC Publication No. 03/023 RIRDC Project No. DAQ 278A © 2003 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 0642 58591 1 ISSN 1440-6845 Distribution Of Meat Products From Prospective Australian Animal Industries Publication No. 03/023 Project No. DAQ-278A The views expressed and the conclusions reached in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of persons consulted. RIRDC shall not be responsible in any way whatsoever to any person who relies in whole or in part on the contents of this report. This publication is copyright. However, RIRDC encourages wide dissemination of its research, providing the Corporation is clearly acknowledged. For any other inquiries concerning reproduction, contact the Publications Manager by telephoning (02) 6272 3186. Researcher Contact Details Jacquie Bodger Brendan Goulding Senior Rural Trade Officer Rural Trade Officer AgriInfonet Rural Market Development Rural Market Development Department of Primary Industries Department of Primary Industries PO Box 46 PO Box 46 Brisbane Qld 4001 Brisbane Qld 4001 Phone: (07) 3239 3315 Phone: (07) 3239 3307 Fax: (07) 3221 3896 Fax: (07) 3221 3896 Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the researcher has agreed to RIRDC publishing this material in its edited form. RIRDC contact details: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 1, AMA House 42 Macquarie Street Barton ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 Kingston ACT 2604 Telephone: (02) 6272 4539 Fax: (02) 6272 5877 Email: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2010-2011
    AUSTRALIAN PORK LIMITED Annual Report 2010–2011 AUSTRALIAN PORK LIMITED Annual Report 2010–2011 1 VISION A competitive, responsible and sustainable Australian pork industry PURPOSE Drive profitability and sustainability for pork producers through the provision of programs and services to the Australian pork industry VALUES 1. Passion and dedication to the cause of our farmers; 2. Deliver what we promise, when we promised it; 3. Respect and support colleagues; 4. Creating the future our farmers need; and 5. Celebrate achievements. AUSTRALIAN PORK LIMITED ABN 83 092 783 278 43–49 Geils Court Deakin ACT 2600 Telephone: 02 6285 2200 Facsimile: 02 6285 2288 Email: [email protected] Web: www.australianpork.com.au Disclaimer The opinions, advice and information contained in this publication have not been provided at the request of any person but are offered by Australian Pork Limited solely for informational purposes. While the information contained on this publication has been formulated in good faith, it should not be relied on as a substitute for professional advice. Australian Pork Limited does not accept liability in respect of any action taken by any person in reliance on the content of this publication. CONTENTS 1 MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIR 2010–2011 ...........................................................................................3 2 MESSAGE FROM THE CEO 2010–2011 ................................................................................................4 3 OPERATIONAL AND STRATEGIC OVERVIEW ..............................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • MTM07 Australian Meat Industry Training Package VOLUME I of VII Policy, Including Qualifications Framework and Assessment Guidelines
    MTM07 Australian Meat Industry Training Package VOLUME I OF VII Policy, including Qualifications Framework and Assessment Guidelines This volume must be read in conjunction with information contained within the sector specific companion volumes, which are: • MTM07 Volume II: Certificate II in Meat Processing (Abattoirs) • MTM07 Volume III: Certificate III – Meat Processing, Abattoirs sector • MTM07 Volume IV: Certificate IV, Diploma and Advanced Diploma – Meat Processing, all sectors • MTM07 Volume V: Certificates I to III – Meat Processing, Smallgoods sector • MTM07 Volume VI: Certificates I to III – Meat Processing, Meat Retailing and Food Services sectors • MTM07 Volume VII: Imported Units of Competency The material contained within this volume is part of the endorsed component of MTM07 Australian Meat Industry Training Package, endorsed by the National Quality Council on 10 April 2007 and agreed to by the Ministers. This Training Package is to be reviewed by March 2010. MTM07 Australian Meat Industry Training Package © Commonwealth of Australia 2007 This work has been produced with the assistance of funding provided by the Commonwealth Government through the Department of Education Science and Training (DEST). An individual may make a photocopy of all or part of the work for their personal use. A Registered Training Organisation may make photocopies of all or part of the work for the teaching purposes of that organisation, including for supply to its students provided that any consideration does not exceed the marginal cost of preparation, reproduction, assembly and delivery. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. Requests for permission may be directed to: Branch Manager, Technology and Information Services Branch, Industry Skills Development Group, Department of Education, Science and Training, GPO Box 9880 Canberra City, ACT, 2601 Website: www.dest.gov.au This work is the result of wide consultations with Australian industry participants.
    [Show full text]
  • 11 Supply Chain and Vertical Issues
    11 Supply chain and vertical issues 11.1 Introduction The first 10 chapters of this report focused on horizontal competition at the retail level. The remainder of the report focuses on supply chain issues and their impact on retail prices. Supply chain issues are relevant to the inquiry for three reasons: • if there is a lack of horizontal competition at any level of the supply chain, this weakness will flow through to consumers in the form of higher prices • if changes in prices at one level of the supply chain, are not reflective of higher costs, this could reflect market power at that level of the supply chain • buyer power in the supply chain can damage efficiency, by eroding investment and innovation in the upstream markets, resulting in a less competitive supply chain overall. To explore the first issue, it is necessary to examine some features of the various supply chains through which groceries pass. Issues such as the number of participants, the market share of those participants, how prices are set and the outside options available to participants are all relevant when considering whether there is effective competition throughout the supply chain. However, in the timeframe available the ACCC has not been able to investigate the potential market power of every manufacturer, processor and wholesaler for the many thousands of standard groceries. Accordingly, only a selection has been examined in detail in the next chapter. To explore the second issue, it is necessary to consider the relationship between prices in the supply chain, particularly the gap between wholesale and retail prices.
    [Show full text]
  • Adelaide, 3 December 2007 (PDF 192.7
    SPARK AND CANNON Telephone: Adelaide (08) 8110 8999 TRANSCRIPT Hobart (03) 6220 3000 Melbourne (03) 9248 5678 OF PROCEEDINGS Perth (08) 6210 9999 Sydney (02) 9217 0999 _______________________________________________________________ PRODUCTIVITY COMMISSION SAFEGUARDS INQUIRY INTO THE IMPORT OF PIGMEAT MR G.R. BANKS, Chairman TRANSCRIPT OF PROCEEDINGS AT ADELAIDE ON MONDAY, 3 DECEMBER 2007, AT 9.12 AM Continued from 29/11/07 in Brisbane Pigmeat 206 pi031207.doc MR BANKS: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the public hearings for the Productivity Commission inquiry into safeguard action against imports of frozen pigmeat. I'm Gary Banks. I'm chairman of the commission and I'm presiding on this inquiry. The inquiry commenced on 17 October, when the now former Australian government agreed to initiate a safeguards inquiry according to the rules set out by the World Trade Organisation. These rules have been laid out for interested parties in the inquiry issues paper which was distributed on 23 October and can be downloaded from the commission's web site. Specifically, the commission, as Australia's designated competent authority to conduct such inquiries, has been asked to inquire into whether safeguard action is justified against imports of "meat of swine, frozen, falling within tariff subheading 0203.29". Specifically, the commission has been asked to report on - and I quote from the terms of reference: • whether conditions are such that safeguard actions would be justified under the WTO agreements; • if so, what measures would be necessary to prevent or remedy serious injury and to facilitate adjustment; and • whether, having regard to the government's requirements for assessing the impact of regulation which affects business, those measures should be implemented.
    [Show full text]