1 HIDDEN VOICES PLUS 12 21 Visit www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk oremail [email protected] Inside thisissue 4 Abriefguide to the CivilWar •Introducing theNationalCivilWar Centre, Newark •Regional andmuchmore & events news English CivilWar Nottinghamshire duringthe Treachery andconspiracy of theBritishCivilWars Newark andthecivilianexperience Hidden voices North Midlandsfrom 1642-1646 The strategic importance ofthe Holding thecentre ground Special Civil War issue Issue 01,June2015 HIDDEN VOICES WELCOME & CONTENTS 3 06 23

19 05 Teaching directly reflects the internationally recognised expertise of our staff in of our staff expertise recognised the internationally reflects directly Teaching MA History: history, modern and contemporary history, modern British and European and early medieval Early Modern include: Crusades and Crusaders; Case studies history. public history and global Genocide, Holocaust; Social History Memory, and Lynching; Race Slavery, and Cultures; Religions MA with the and support of a taught the coherence combines The course Turn’. and ‘The Spatial degree. of a research challenges of of a vision This unique MA is the manifestation Development: MA Museum and Heritage in the workforce today’s by the skills required that provides training professional and academic with Developed in partnership in the 21st Century. of museums and heritage changing world fast embedded sector through thinking and practice current bodies, it challenges sector strategic activity and debate. experimentation, for one-to-one available and are teaching to approach student-centred accessible, an We offer run we the year throughout learning support your further To support and guidance. tutorial of visiting speakers. a wide range by delivered workshops a series of History and Heritage 2015 entry. October for available bursaries of a number We have visit www.ntu.ac.uk/hum information more For University, Nottingham Trent Nottingham NG1 4BU Street, Burton 4200 0115 848 Tel: and HeritageNTU at Studying History 09 or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit So write write So for us news of your details us have Let and events. about your stories your take We’ll regional a larger history to community’s articles also welcome We’d audience. past. about our region’s at us via our webiste Contact or email www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk [email protected]

in Nottinghamshire duringin Nottinghamshire War the English Civil News and notices Civil Wars Civil Saints & malignants: and its neighboursRothley timesin the 17th century’s of turmoil widows and War inmaimed soldiers afterNorthamptonshire conspiracy and Treachery Colonel John Hutchinson (1615-1664) and the English in Nottingham 1643 - 1646. War, Civil Holding the centre ground:Holding the centre of importance the strategic the North Midlands 1642 - 1646 the NationalIntroducing Newark Centre, War Civil theA brief guide to and Newark Hidden voices: experience ofthe civilian Wars the British Civil Wars the English Civil Contents 24 28 12 15 18 21 04 08 10 There are so many interesting stories to tell: tell: to stories so many interesting are There this strategic recognised Charles I always like We‘d than just read. – do more Actually research on archival need advice If you Welcome Welcome to East Midlands Midlands East to Welcome History and Heritage, and Heritage, History that uniquely the magazine history local for caters schools and colleges, societies, and practitioners heritage across professionals history putting them the region, and with you in contact with them. you Nick Hayes (Editor) about its people, its places and the things that about its people, its places what? might wonder them. You happened to – the central with the English Civil War start Let’s with coincide theme of this issue – chosen to the opening of the new national Civil War Museum at Newark. in Nottingham it was of the region; importance on 22 August his standard raise that he chose to at particularly followed, 1642. Bloody sieges and Ashby-de- Newark, but also at Bolingbroke Gainsborough Nottingham, Lincoln, la-Zouch. engagements decisive towns’, ‘frontier became and Willoughby Winceby at Naseby, fought were the on the Wolds. The East Midlands became armies passed; which rival through gateway for a chief objective became deny access to and treachery disease, brought both sides. War in high; its legacy were Its social costs heroism. of destruction, disruption and disability terms find out more…. on to Read reaching. far was belong, . So if you involved be become to you an and have history society a local to say, us so that contact tell, story to interesting If you a wider audience. it to help take can we running event or you’re a forthcoming have that project research a school or community us know. help publicise, let us to like you’d EMHH is help. to be happy or display we’d historians, academic universities, by supported the and museums specialists across archivists . about you But mainly it’s region.

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WOA 6463 WWW.PARLIAMENT.UK/ART) WOA (©PALACE OF WESTMINSTER COLLECTION, COLLECTION, OF WESTMINSTER (©PALACE CHARLES 1 RAISING HIS STANDARD AT NOTTINGHAM NOTTINGHAM AT HIS STANDARD CHARLES 1 RAISING The strategic position of the North Midlands brought conflict to the region the region to conflict Midlands brought position of the North The strategic For the first time taxation collection was pushed consistently downwards downwards pushed consistently was collection time taxation the first For Conflict several times, even though a cursory glance suggests that there were no were that there suggests times, even though a cursory glance several rather on the doorstep was and even Naseby counties in the five major battles this is a Hopper suggests, As Andrew themselves. than within the counties garrisons, Each of the major royalist sieges. it discounts notion for misplaced once: at least besieged was Lichfield, Dudley and Tutbury, de la Zouch, Ashby the whilst second crucial and ended bloodily, strategically was of Newark siege Leicester, Lichfield, Newark and Nottingham. Cheese was produced in the east in the east produced was Nottingham. Cheese and Lichfield, Newark Leicester, the across grown diets supplement horse to beans were there and of the region for harnessed was all of this of a national war, the concept before Long shires. efforts. war the rival or sheep beast with a Anyone supply. ensure to the social structure through national fund levies to taxation to subjected land was pasture on common buying of anyone the pockets not only penetrated taxes Excise level causes. too but encroached at the markets foodstuff ‘luxury’ and later firstly goods at the register to male dealers as well them as forcing roles, on womens’ excise parliament’s of full effects pay their dues. The and office excise local hold on royalist of the strong because in this region delayed were legislation operation the full which prevented in the war, until late markets the region’s took When trade towns. market parliamentarian in the offices of the excise was anti-excise London, there in market common with Smithfield in off again, traders. market female rioting led by or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit The counties of Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire, Rutland and Rutland Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire, of Derbyshire, The counties provide to suitable and arable of pasture had a rich mixture The region Strategic Centre Strategic Resource Strategic Staffordshire were not only at the heart of the kingdom, but they linked the but they linked of the kingdom, heart not only at the were Staffordshire the Earl of with King was the where in the South Midlands territories royalist main routes two were There in the north and east. command, Newcastle’s and, more and Lancashire Cheshire into Staffordshire north-south, through major movements used for Both were North Road. the Great importantly, invading and by and other forces, local by times during the war several inland and and Cheshire North Wales from The route Scotland. armies from arriving from troops when moving be vital would via Staffordshire southwards the Midlands and into Oxford towards them southwards and funnelling Ireland a major communications was Trent the River as the King hoped. Moreover, of the importance the strategic was So clear the continent. to link east-west immediately neutralised effectively it was somewhat that river ironically and the Bridge Trent of Nottingham Castle and occupation parliament’s by of Newark. occupation royalists’ timber in the decaying was the men. There for and food the horse for fodder in Cannock, Derbyshire coal in south Staffordshire, ore iron forest, Leicester the wherewithal in Cannock provided burners Charcoal and Nottinghamshire. materials the raw provided of the region and the bed-cords production iron for in north lead was there mills at Lichfield. And, of course, gunpowder for Derby, de la Zouch, in Ashby markets important were There Derbyshire.

BY MARTYN BENNETT HENRY HASTINGS HENRY for; and both sides poured soldiers into the regions to secure strongholds strongholds secure to the regions into soldiers and both sides poured for; this is when the importance Jennings shows, As Stuart and resources. on its people and serious and lasting effects have to began of the region the Earl of son to sent Henry Hastings, second The royalists communities. a professional and Sir John Henderson, the region command to Huntingdon, on Sir John Gell, a former relied Newark, whilst parliament seize to soldier, son mine lessee, and John Hutchinson, and lead high sheriff of Derbyshire Gell and Together Hutchinson. Sir George stalwart of Nottinghamshire and within months both sides had established Nottingham seized Hutchinson seen the region So why was structures. and command a series of garrisons things: communications do with two to Essentially it was as so important? and resources.

The first round of the war in the Midlands was over. The North Midland over. in the Midlands was of the war round The first There was a magazine in each county and the respective lord lieutenants lieutenants lord and the respective county in each a magazine was There During the spring and summer of 1642 both sides sought, and largely failed, failed, sides sought,During the spring and summer of 1642 both and largely The midland counties provide both a defensive bulwark and a resource and a resource bulwark both a defensive provide The midland counties The strategic importance of the North Midland importance The strategic

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The Strategic Overview The Strategic Midlands 1642-1646. Midlands importance of the North of importance ground: the strategicground: Holding the centre the Holding counties became strategically important again only after the battles of the only after again important strategically became counties hoped result the clear-cut give to failed Green and Turnham Brentford Edgehill, and commissioners of array were supposed to take charge of them. However, of them. However, charge take supposed to were of array and commissioners were attempts level. Studious at local not matched was centre at the the zeal much of dispersing as in Leicestershire, the weaponry by, neutralise made to placing it under lock and key as in Nottinghamshire, or, the county it around party each to open the store to necessary keys and giving one of the three ammunition seize to attempt of Nottingham. Thus the King’s and the mayor The King next all failed. Coventry, and ultimately at Nottingham, Leicester the when he raised of war state publicly declaring a a decision by force tried to their own raise on both sides to the hotheads This only spurrred standard. sustain to and villages financial demands on towns excessive and make forces and regiments. troops companies, their growing to seize or mobilise the Kingdom’s armed forces and resources. Knowing the Knowing and resources. armed forces or mobilise the Kingdom’s seize to to proposed the armed forces command to not be trusted King could of of the process control had taken parliament in Ireland, rebellion combat the passing Lieutenants, the Lord nominating the militia commanders, assent. the King’s the need for thus bypassing Militia Bill as an ordinance, surrendered lieutenants Only some of the county mixed. was The response a up new ones: it was and only some nominees took their commissions and the King when trying divine the loyalties parliament to for guessing game the Militia over of the confusion advantage The King took leaders. of society the militia of raising method an obsolete of array, Bill and issued commissions This was hierarchies. county from of men drawn committees creating by issued and in the end both King and parliament successful also only partially The real and captains. colonels prospective to directly individual commissions that of arms and ammunition. was which both sides faced test for the King’s nascent army. The region was sufficiently far from London and London far from sufficiently was The region army. nascent the King’s for development the of the equally embryonic prevent army to parliament’s the horse for rich pastures with, and it provided being interfered force royalist though the King’s the foot. Even supplies of ammunition for and potential it does not detract failed, ultimately magazines county of seizing the strategy idea. of the strategic the importance from counties during the civil war should not be underestimated: should not be underestimated: during the civil war counties of seventeenth gamut includes the full this importance logistics, which impacted to location from warfare, century Charles I recognised there. on the people who lived hugely the raising before well at the outset, location this strategic 1642. on 22 August of the standard HOLDING THE CENTRE GROUND CENTRE THE HOLDING 4 HIDDEN VOICES HOLDING THE CENTRE GROUND 7

had

The intimate link The intimate a month. The reduced a month. The reduced in the region manpower Newcastle’s by caused on his regional call resources commander’s forces that the local meant not tackle alone could Meldrum. That both as crucialsides saw Newark the by is demonstrated no committing royalists than Prince less a figure combine Rupert to with Henry Hastings, ennobled as Lord now ensure to Loughborough, royalist The two its relief. a undertook generals the town, to march rapid it and forced relieved Meldrum and his entire surrender. army to and the region between brought the north was when ways: home in two were royalists the Yorkshire pressure under intense rivals, their local from the North Midlands in support provide to of the Newark the form and regiments, horse not when these were support their to available the northern colleagues and defeated were latter the northern royalist imploded. hegemony Nottinghamshire the for the refuge became putting Northern Horse, on its resources. a strain Rupert When Prince a new army and gathered relieve north to marched he took York of the siege not only the Northern Over the following autumn and winter of 1643-1644, Newcastle strengthened Newcastle of 1643-1644, and winter autumn the following Over the forces in the region, but this was undermined by the changing political the changing political by undermined this was but in the region, the forces joining its side into Scots the covenanter had enticed Parliament situation. on his hands. He called invasion suddenly had a full-scale and Newcastle for a target remained Newark manpower. for regions upon his far-flung led of 1644 Sir John Meldrum again winter and in the late forces parliamentary lasting about and launched a siege on the town attack in an force a combined Oliver Cromwell’s regiment of horse. On 13 May Cromwell turned on a royalist on a royalist turned On 13 May Cromwell of horse. regiment Cromwell’s Oliver it. However defeated and Grantham abandon him to obliged which had force and capturing York of arms from the convoy intercepting plan of the grander the Queen’s attempt, at stopping aiming The second nothing. to came Newark in involvement Cromwell’s Newark, failed. also through army passing own were forces and East Anglian July the Lincolnshire did not end. By the region and trying hold on the shire disrupting the royalist Lincolnshire driving through do this they to the county: through as it passed North road the Great control to under Sir Charles force relief a defeating After Gainsborough. seize sought to were the parliamentarians In their turn the town. theyCavendish, captured Northern and his imposing the Earl of Newcastle by of Gainsborough out driven North Road. the Great down rapidly Army which had marched or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit The centre ground was hotly contested in the spring and summer of 1643 in the spring and summer hotly contested was ground The centre the six-month long siege at the end of the war was an enormous undertaking undertaking an enormous was of the war at the end long siege six-month the end about the and brought of Oxford, the siege (if only at all) to only second were that there meant position of the region the central Secondly of the war. least points. On at it at certain across movements troop and crucial massive in the major which ended of the campaigns part these formed occasions two witnessed of the region the fringes Thirdly Moor and Naseby. of Marston battles be a cavalry himself to revealed Cromwell Oliver that signal moment when in his developing military career. a major part and it played watch; to commander other and with each competed the winter over established as the garrisons the within and between and conspiracy intrigue by complemented this was had been particularly as Hopper outlines in his article. Parliament sides, two the jewels county in the appeared what might have in seizing successful their hands quickly and into and Nottingham fell Derby Leicester, crowns. held only were and Oakham (Burleigh House) whilst Stafford bloodlessly, strengthened this advantage, Yet a coup. quite This was the royalists. briefly by by the summer of 1643, of Oakham and Stafford the bagging by as it was the royalists’ capture to attempt An early of a chimera. something be seems to in his article. explains as Andrew ended in acrimony, Newark at stronghold domination of the Royalist so complete was region that the end of the year by in the parliamentarians by be funded had to region parliamentarian-controlled such as Kent. counties were towns The county and in some cases ringed, by dominated, completely strongholds the royalist de la Zouch, at Ashby Newark, Lichfield, Dudley and Tutbury along with their satellite the Moreover garrisons. strongholds three first also major wartime were centres administrative as lucrative as well towns. market route The communication side of the eastern through North the Great the region, put under first was Road, 1643. in earlier pressure February In late Maria, Queen Henrietta who had been on a in on the spending spree buying arms continent to returned the cause, for A England via Bridlington. shipment of ammunition York sent from was in May the road down later weeks and a few with the Queen followed ammunition and more the for reinforcements Attempts army. King’s prevent made to were both of these convoys. approach A coordinated tackle to necessary was at Newark the garrison assembled Grey and Lord those of Sir his forces, John Hotham at Hull and www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit archita tquamen ihicipsamet rere nobis remod es rerfere rroratet, verae nimendion et ressent elitatas doluptatium rem rem doluptatium elitatas ressent et nimendion verae rroratet, es rerfere nobis remod rere ihicipsamet tquamen archita MIDLANDS IN THE EAST THE CIVIL WAR totatio alicto qui tem santiam ressimu sitestius quatendus, aut et spiciam est uiaeper imus, ut veleseq vendae harum dolo 6 HIDDEN VOICES INTRODUCING THE NATIONAL CIVIL WAR CENTRE 9

WITH STRIPPED WITH STRIPPED MAGNUS BUILDING MAGNUS BACK ROOF AT OLD ROOF AT BACK MICHAEL CONSTANTINE MICHAEL CONSTANTINE NEWARK SIEGE COINS or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit The discovery of a treasure trove of previously unexamined papers in local in local papers unexamined of previously trove of a treasure The discovery together material, This newly-discovered Centre, at the National Civil War Business Manager Michael Constantine, Civil War reality an ambitious augmented story also inspired has Newark’s a 60,000 visitors over attract to is expected Centre The National Civil War see: www.nationalcivilwarcentre.com information more For archives has given historians a unique insight into the town’s experience, with experience, the town’s into a unique insight historians has given archives ordinary how people revealing and records accounts petitions, period invoices, and Roundhead. Cavalier between in the cross-fire with being caught coped and technology with state-of-the-art create unseen relics, previously of hundreds Amongst a unique museum experience. of of objects is a hoard array the fabulous in Newark. With the town minted coins siege keep the economy to way the only off, sealed currency make to was troops and pay going plate silver made from Coins were locally. ‘liberated’ citizens, wealthy local by donated before or even plundered the church from bear the coins wastage, reduce a diamond shape to into Cut began. the siege ‘under siege’. the Latin for from – an abbreviation OBS Newark the legend for Yet modern state. our for laid the foundations said: “The British Civil Wars change that. a cruel conflict, to It was want episode. We many it is an unknown saw about 4% of the English gentlemen. The Civil Wars not a joust between of ordinary and the lives brother up arms against took population die. Brother turmoil.” the escaped or town No village, hamlet shattered. people were the story of plague, telling life, will bring history to project This £300,000 Trail. scenes costumed plot and glory Featuring a specially designed app. using visitors afield, it will encourage and further Newark across filmed at locations sites. Civil War key explore to Admission £7.00 adults, 5:00 pm daily. 10:00 am to Opening times are year. and £6.00 concessions. children £3.00 Google Play and itunes. from download free for app is available The Centre’s

£7 adults children £3 £6 concessions 10:00 am - 5:00 pm daily. 10:00 am - 5:00 pm daily. ADMISSION:

OPEN:

This detailed reconstruction of how Newark looked Newark of how reconstruction This detailed the to compared the town surrounding works of the siege The sheer scale 1646 Newark reconstruction built up area is astounding and underlines the huge strategic importance of importance strategic and underlines the huge is astounding built up area a period over Simon pored the image research both sides. To to the garrison together Parliament, by produced plan and a similar version siege Royalist military manuals, books on timber 17th century of the siege, with accounts on the Newark’s Commission report OS maps and the Royal buildings, frame historic the town’s published in the 1960s. He also explored earthworks of the remarkable version wide metre A three with locals. and talked streets Centre section of the National Civil War in the learning features reconstruction app. trail on the town graphic as an interactive and it also appears of Fleming Woelfell Imaging. It took months of investigation months of investigation Imaging. It took of Fleming Woelfell produce. modelling to and computer in 1646 is the most accurate yet produced. It was produced. yet accurate in 1646 is the most and is the Centre War the National Civil by commissioned Simon Fleming, and visualisation expert of architect work Newark, held by the Royalists, played a major role in the Civil Wars because because in the Civil Wars a major role played Newark, the Royalists, held by The UK’s first National Civil War Centre – a flagship project Centre National Civil War first The UK’s Introducing Introducing the National Civil War Centre, Newark it lay at the crossroads of the Great North Road and Fosse Way. It was also a It was Way. and Fosse North Road of the Great it lay at the crossroads the last of which in sieges, three It faced Trent. the River point over crossing suffering. terrible 1645-46 caused by Newark & Sherwood in Newark by District Council – opened in Newark million £3.5 by backed million attraction, The £5.4 May. early Old in the magnificent is based Fund, Lottery the Heritage from school. grammar Tudor Magnus Building, a former the North Midlands were were Midlands the North to importance of supreme in the civil war both sides More importantly, parliament decided to commit an important an important commit decided to parliament importantly, More It was a short-lived revival; for just a fortnight later on 14 June 1645 later just a fortnight for revival; a short-lived It was It is hard to argue anything other than that the North Midlands anything other than argue to It is hard

www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit ‘Royalist Finances in the English Civil War: the case the case in the English Civil War: Finances , ‘Royalist I. Suggested reading Atherton, 33, 1, (2008). Bennett, M., The Civil Midland History, of Lichfield Garrison 1643-1645’, 1997. Bennett, M. ‘Contribution and Oxford, Blackwell, and Ireland, in Britain Wars 5(1), and Society War 1642-46’. Civil War Assessment: in the First Financial Exactions The Civil War My Houses Devastation”: Townes, (1986). Bennett, M., “My Plundered XXII, (1997). Jennings, S. B., 1642-1646. Midland History Life, and North Midlands’ 1640- of the Civil Wars, and the Civilian Experience tymes Newark These Uncertaine and Jeff, The Siege 1660. Nottingham, Nottingham County Council (2009). Richards, Millennium, (2001). Sherwood, R. E., The Civil War New London, of Leicester, Storming in Civil War 1992). Wood, A. C., Nottinghamshire Sutton, in the Midlands. (Stroud: S. R. Reprint, 1971). (originally published 1937), (Wakefield: Martyn Bennett Trent University Nottingham Conclusion contingent of its forces to capturing Newark, committing the Northern Newark, committing capturing to of its forces contingent and Army of the Solemn League Association army and the Scottish tied down six months, which ultimately lasting over a siege to Covenant of because surrendered Newark still failed. and yet resource a huge when, as he counter when Charles used it as a bargaining politics not war, as a cynical surrender to the town he ordered the Scots, to surrendered means. other (political) by the war continue plan to the royalist army was defeated comprehensively at the Battle of Naseby. at the Battle of Naseby. comprehensively defeated army was the royalist in royalist decline saw a steady eleven months of the war The remaining high spots including the were in the North Midlands: but there fortunes lost in the summer of 1644. garrisons several of and reoccupation recapture evident. is clearly The King importance still had strategic That the region or 1645 intending and October both August in Newark to his army brought during the latter it was on the North: launch an attack perhaps hoping to martial to a court staging the King into Rupert forced that Prince visitation article) and at the same time (see Hopper’s of Bristol on his surrender judge article). (see Jennings’s Newark bubonic plague into introduced probably horse but substantial numbers of Lord Loughborough’s regiments with regiments Loughborough’s Lord of numbers but substantial horse Moor on 2 July Marston at the Battle for defeated him. When Rupert was lost, (but not entirely) but largely regiments these 1644, not only were the intense line. Despite the new front became the North Midlands shires and winter autumn summer, during the late put on the region pressure of 1645 were the spring hung on and by of 1644 and 1645 the royalists when at the end of May enhanced of a renaissance something undergoing Leicester. and captured the region into marched field army the King’s were of supreme importance to both sides in the civil war at various at various both sides in the civil war to importance of supreme were from of military control the continuity ensured the counties times, for (1650-53) (1648) and the third the north. In the second the south to importance. not of strategic the North Midlands were civil wars of the Scottish the invasion where the place became The region and on Willoughby out at Uttoxeter finally petered force and royalist which Cromwell a place it was In the third Field in Nottinghamshire. guided supplies as he masterfully and collected through passed at Worcester. its defeat army towards Charles Stuart’s HOLDING THE CENTRE GROUND CENTRE THE HOLDING 8 HIDDEN VOICES BRIEF GUIDE TO THE CIVIL WARS 11 later. Nottinghamshire. led by Sir John Gell. led by town and scatters the besiegers. and scatters town IMAGES NEEDED IMAGES Royalist forces defeated at the Battle of Willoughby Field, Battle of Willoughby at the defeated forces Royalist JULY Army at Southwell. the Scottish to King Charles I surrenders MAY King Charles I raises his standard at Nottingham Castle. his standard King Charles I raises AUGUST Second siege of Newark starts. Prince Rupert relieves the Rupert relieves Prince starts. of Newark siege MARCH Second Wingfield Manor, Derbyshire, taken by Parliamentarian forces forces Parliamentarian by taken Derbyshire, Wingfield Manor, JULY Royalist garrison at Newark surrenders and leaves the town two days days two the town and leaves surrenders at Newark garrison Royalist 1650 1652 1654 1659 1638 1640 1642 1644 1646 1648 1656- - 1657

from Ireland. from European continent. European or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit a dynasty: he refuses. the continent and Ireland. the continent The Protectorate collapses. The Protectorate dismantle monarchical government. dismantle monarchical begin a political and religious revolution. and religious a political begin and it takes over the majority of the country. over and it takes Kilkenny government. More royalists flee to the flee to royalists More government. Kilkenny attempted to raise an army to oppose parliament. an army to raise to attempted Scotland, army from of a large With the assistance Charles I, leaves the United Provinces for Scotland. for Provinces the United Charles I, leaves War breaks out in England and Wales after the king after out in England and Wales breaks War An alternative government is established in Ireland is established government An alternative A second civil war breaks out in Wales and England; out in Wales breaks civil war A second War ends in England and Wales. The king surrenders ends in England and Wales. War an invasion organising by the Scots defeat to attempt Peace between the republic and the United Provinces. and the United the republic between Peace royalists head for the continent. The king launches an the continent. for head royalists Ireland and Scotland is incorporated into the Republic. into is incorporated and Scotland Ireland is agreed. A further exodus of royalists makes its way to its way makes of royalists exodus A further is agreed. The Irish/royalist alliance is defeated. Cromwell returns returns Cromwell is defeated. alliance The Irish/royalist to England and invades Scotland. Charles Stuart, son of Scotland. England and invades to alliance between the Kilkenny government and royalists government the Kilkenny between alliance with the creation of a National Covenant which binds the the binds which Covenant of a National with the creation to the Scots. Radical religious politics in Ireland prevents politics in Ireland religious Radical the Scots. to the royalists are defeated after a few weeks. In Ireland an fewweeks. In Ireland a after defeated are the royalists Scottish parliament and the General Assembly of the Kirk Assembly of the and the General parliament Scottish a peace treaty between the king’s representatives and the representatives the king’s between treaty a peace summer. The Scots win and occupy the north of England. By the north of England. win and occupy The Scots summer. of defeated waves the first the initiative: takes parliament which functions without a king. A compliant Irish parliament a king. A compliant without which functions nation in a contract with God to defend the church (Kirk). the church defend with God to Thenation in a contract the end of the year parliaments in all three kingdoms begin to begin kingdoms in all three parliaments the end of the year Cromwell is offered the crown and the opportunity to create to create and the opportunity the crown is offered Cromwell parliament refuses to do the same. War brakes out again in the out again brakes do the same. War to refuses parliament The Scottish revolt continues and opposition is consolidated consolidated and opposition is continues revolt The Scottish The Estates continue to move towards setting up a government setting towards move to continue The Estates votes money for the king’s military plans, but the English/Welsh the king’s money for votes War brakes out between the Republic and the United Provinces. and the United the Republic out between brakes War

Parliament restructures its war-effort and creates the New and creates its war-effort restructures Parliament field armies. the main royalist Model Army which defeats on home soil ends the Scots defeat to attempt The king’s in defeat. Cromwell dies. Cromwell exiles is achieved, royalist of the monarchy The restoration – the defeated of exiles a new group and Ireland; Britain to return and the Americas. the continent for – head republicans Radical political groups emerge in England, proposing in England, proposing emerge groups political Radical of a republic. and the establishment democracy in Ireland. on the offensive go forces Parliamentarian in January is and a Republic The king is executed the New Model Army leads Cromwell Oliver established. Ireland. to exile into is driven and Charles Stuart is defeated Scotland on the continent. firstly, of, failure the after of state head becomes Cromwell assembly to the 1640 parliament, and then a nominated a new regime. create in England defeated plots are The final major royalist and Scotland. Charles’s religious policies in Scotland provoke provoke policies in Scotland religious Charles’s revolt.nationwide a brief It was Scotland. against war to Charles goes defend successfully but the Scots war, inconclusive the king. against themselves in power regain to coups enact successful to The king fails out breaks rebellion and in October England and Scotland and power to access refused when Catholics are in Ireland, England and in Scotland Calvinists by those won like reforms and Wales. and of England parts large dominate forces The king’s which on Parliament inflict final defeat to but fail Wales, has negotiated aof treaty cessation A with Scotland. in Ireland. effect into hostilities comes 1658 1660 1651 1653 1655 1645 1647 1649 1637 1639 1641 1643

Royalist forces successfully repelled by Cromwell at Belton, at Belton, Cromwell by repelled successfully forces Royalist The English Civil Wars in the East Midlands The English Civil Wars Civil Wars guide to theguide A briefA Royalist forces inflict severe losses on the Roundheads losses on the Roundheads inflict severe forces Royalist FEBRUARY Mowbray. at Melton the royalists. by Sack of Leicester MAY New Model Army at the Fairfax’s by army is destroyed JUNE Royalist Northamptonshire. Battle of Naseby, Nottinghamshire, Manor, of Shelford defenders Royalist NOVEMBER forces. Parliamentarian by massacred are begins. of Newark Siege Third The first ‘siege’ of Newark sees the parliamentary forces forces sees the parliamentary of Newark ‘siege’ The first FEBRUARY fighting. one day’s after repulsed under Thomas Ballard Royalists by routed forces APRIL Parliamentary Lincolnshire. Heath, at Ancaster MAY Grantham. near at North under Cavendish troops defeat Parliamentarians JULY and besiege Royalists Lincoln. to withdraw to forced but are Scarle, Gainsborough. retake collapse to leads Bolingbroke, near Battle of Winceby, OCTOBER of southward and ended threat of Lincolnshire control of Royalist northern army. of the Earl of Newcastle’s advance

KEY www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit BRIEF GUIDE TO THE CIVIL WARS CIVIL THE TO GUIDE BRIEF 10 HIDDEN VOICES HIDDEN VOICES 13

The outcome of this petition remains unknown unknown remains of this petition The outcome a valuable provide Surviving records parish which the registers The main epidemic disease but Thomas Piggot appears in the 1664 Hearth 1664 Hearth in the appears but Thomas Piggot as living in the he is recorded where returns Tax and is so poor that of the town part ‘meanest’ unlikely, It seems any charge. from he is exempt help much, if any, that he received therefore, his misfortune. following civil of the impact demographic the insight into of the town. ordinary upon the citizens war and marriage burial, baptism A comprehensive survives as does also a comprehensive register is The former accounts. of churchwarden set only records for it not without its difficulties the from and 4 soldiers the burial of 28 officers the many the question of where raising garrison, actually died in the fighting were who soldiers their why were buried and, if in the churchyard, Even in the burial register. names not entered doubt, to especially seems little reason so there the pre-war from with figures when comparing the period, that the majority of civilian burials in This can in the register. recorded were churchyard in 1646 with entries from also be supplemented burials of surviving where parishes neighbouring also flee the plague are seeking to citizens Newark a provides these details Extrapolating recorded. periods of high mortality insight into demographic within the town. causes and the probable much over town the afflicted periodically suggest This is an infection typhus. was of the civil war and in the early human body lice by that is carried directly an ailment that was modern period was classic Its of troops. with the movement associated a stupor to leading included fever symptoms pustules and red headaches with extraordinary the body of over appearing fleabites resembling at the start Epidemics usually began the sufferer. discouraged months when the cold of the winter and the changing of clothes, and usually bathing weather. of warm with the appearance disappeared prosper to lice body for ideal were Such conditions of field armies be the scourge to typhus proved and VIEW FROM THE CASTLE WALLS ACROSS TO THE ISLAND TO ACROSS WALLS CASTLE VIEW FROM THE ARMY WAS BASED BESIEGING SCOTTISH WHERE THE

The final two sieges would sieges The final two

have added to the already the already added to have within situation deteriorating Amongst the defences. the town mortar by buildings destroyed was in 1644 grenades ofthe house of the Mayor which Clay, Newark, Hercules After Place. in the Market stood Clay had a series of dreams, out of the his family moved it was house the day before that “ithit and in thankfulness

”

Your poore peticioner hath in a verie large large hath in a verie peticioner poore “Your The less substantial dwellings of the town’s of the town’s dwellings The less substantial poorer residents may well have been demolished have may well residents poorer to appear fail or thought and so often with less care in the surviving records. p[re] to wonderfully mercy pleased God of his infinite destruction by a fearefull from serve and my wife me he As a consequence of grenadoes”. blowe a terrible the delivery for of an annual finances provided later what such destruction could sermon. An insight into is provided of society members poorer the for mean by presented of a petition survival the chance by almost it was Charles Piggot. Although undated, the because siege this second after written certainly the record used to was side of the parchment reverse made on 20 July which was will of Thomas Waite, of the survival of this will ensured 1644. The proving pleaded: Piggot the petition. of these of the miseries and affliccons manner tasted he had his at the last fight against Newarke tymes for and all his goods a granado upp with house blowne undoeinge of your the utter to burnt and broken children.” and seaven his wife poore peticioner, with the establishment with the establishment at the of a garrison Survivingcastle. the in Book Minutes Corporation issued on the is an order 1645 to 23 September of the will of the executor instructing Thomas Waite dismantle ahim to intenement, which was defensive of the the way constructed being works of the in anticipation final siege: is a small there “Whereas of consisting tenement of building bayes two upon the erected lately land at Milngate townes Thomas Waite by of Trent the river and nere of the order is by w[hi]ch said tenem[en]t deceased, be taken to appointed Comissioners and Generall of fortifieing and better the strengthening for downe upon reedifie the same to there....and the Bulworks the belonging to some part of the ground soe soone as the same may or Corporacon, be done with conveniency.” can or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit it pleased God of mercy his infinite to p[re] wonderfully serve me and my a fearefull from wife by a terrible destruction blowe of grenadoes “ Stuart B. County Council, 2009) Stuart 1640-1660 (Nottinghamshire of the Civil Wars, and the Civilian Experience Newark Tymes’: B. Jennings, ‘These Uncertaine Stuart

Situated as it was on the Great North the Great on it was as Situated route that a road meant of the town Control and unintended One of the unforeseen of and memory the citizens for The abiding reality Further reading between the king’s headquarters at Oxford and the at Oxford headquarters the king’s between and Newcastle of York northern towns important Trent along the trade and river maintained was Nottingham of towns the parliamentarian between this day, even to The survival, and Hull disrupted. and fortifications, earthworks of extensive to is a testimony sconce, including the Queen’s and defending in to the military activity that went been period. It had a four-year over it besieging of 1642 and in the autumn the royalists by seized until ordered garrison undefeated an remained in 1646. surrender the king to by directly period of of this uninterrupted consequences that significant was forces royalist by occupation by generated samples of the ordinary records everyday survived. have civic life These include accounts Relief of Poor loose pages some receipts, Alongside minutes. meeting and the Corporation of parish set survived also these there a complete accounts. of Churchwarden’s set and a full records of military set a rare by supplemented These are raised the locally 1644-1645 for from accounts of Colonel regiment and also a Staunton number of military and warrants. vouchers What these together very in a way facilitate, for to obtain difficult many other military is a towns, garrisoned what life glimpse into been like have would the ordinary citizen. for They highlight many but also testify endure they had to of the hardships of the community and commitment the resilience to as possible its everyday and life as far maintain to These and violence. activities in a time of upheaval remains as the physical just as important are of the the importance the period and add to from and displays of the new Civil War National collection in May 2015. Museum that opened in the town (1642-1646) the period of the civil war over Newark been one of destruction and disease. have would supplement and strengthen to The requirement of additional with a circuit walls the old medieval in the way that houses meant defences earthen-work beyond them, of these new or those situated works, in been dismantled, resulting have to have would squalor within the and increasing overcrowding doubled in population which had already town, Vol. 37(2) (2012), Vol. Midland History Counties’, and the Adjacent Army upon Nottinghamshire of the Scottish (1645-1646) and the impact of Newark and Final Siege Jennings, ‘The Third 1971). (East Ardsley, in the Civil War 142-62 A.C. Wood, Nottinghamshire Road at one of the lowest crossing points crossing at one of the lowest Road the Humber from Trent on the river always was on Trent Newark estuary, importance be of strategic to going in 1642. began war the civil once 12TH CENTURY GATEHOUSE GATEHOUSE 12TH CENTURY A UNIQUE NEWARK CASTLE, AT IN ENGLAND. SURVIVAL

Civil Wars of the Britishof the civilian experience Newark the and Hidden voices:Hidden

BY STUART B. JENNINGS B. STUART BY

HIDDEN VOICES VOICES HIDDEN HIDDEN 12 HIDDEN VOICES SAINTS & MALIGNANTS 15

BY SUSAN JOYCE indeed

Thomas Babington died in 1645, and was succeeded by his son, Matthew by succeeded died in 1645, and was Thomas Babington said to was of Wymeswold Palmer 1643, Robert following Thus in the years of the local parliamentary committee, were highly dangerous. Some clergymen Some clergymen highly dangerous. were committee, parliamentary of the local and Bosworth Michael Hudson of Market two, army; even joined the royalist cause. the royalist died fighting for Benskin of Wanlip Richard of in his post. one third Not so roughly stayed (1612-1669). William Staveley the royalist their livings once from ejected who were clergymen Leicestershire sympathies, open Royalist for decline, whether into went hold on the county their flock to example an set to failing in their services, ceremonious” being “too who sometimes with their parishioners, unpopularity through and sometimes them. against maliciously informed told, are , and, we the bridge” from the water be “so drunk he hath not known curates scandalous “kept Joseph Smith of Swithland of Hathern and Sileby than divinity.” in “fisicke” interested more and was shillings a year at forty play his children let gossip, truly a victim of village Bayley of Oadby, Robert in the alehouse and quarrelled , fought men” “Godley on Sundays, persecuted – one of 23 of Somerby . Thomas Bird “seldom at church” was and his wife behaviour” (16 of them being of “scandalous accused clergy Leicestershire home had a piper play him have to alleged – was of alehouses”) “frequenters . their sleep” out of the townsmen the alehouse at midnight,from “scaring recreate at home to of sadness – “having no company included a note His reply hee fourteen, the eldest is not above where small children himself but three entertain to the alehouse, hee having not wherewithal doth goe to sometimes at home.” or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit During the Civil War and Commonwealth the villages of the villages and Commonwealth During the Civil War dominated was Leicestershire civil war, of the first part much of the early For Book Prayer a comfortable clung to clergy most country contrast By Saints & malignants: Rothley in the 17thand its neighbours times of turmoil century’s by the royalist forces led by Lord Loughborough, based at Ashby de la Zouch de la Zouch at Ashby based Loughborough, Lord led by forces the royalist by both village parliament. Rothley, held for was town even though the county of the manor lords of the Babingtons, firmly under the control was and church, of the living of the church. and patrons of the 16th century, part the latter since since and the vicar, Thomas Babington was the patron of war, the outbreak At educated and well a learned clearly M.A.. He was William Staveley 1625, was described in a surveyman, but was of 1650 as “no preacher”. Babington and, in fact, committee and served parliament on the county supported were regiment of Groby’s Grey Lord from and his troopers Babington Captain in 1644. Lodge at Rothley forces in a skirmish with royalist involved and tradition for and respect stability of order, reflective Anglicanism, William Holdsworth, example, strident. politically For Some were authority. and them” for pray to and refused parliament “reviled of Earl Shilton, curate the eyes in the middle of a sermon. Such men, in proclamation out a royal read Leicestershire experienced many of the upheavals taking taking many of the upheavals experienced Leicestershire of skirmishes, the effects from in everyday whether life, place of forcibly, sometimes or the removal, of troops, quartering in the part a vital played Religion the incumbent of their church. the essential to the social cement providing of a community, life and state. church in hierarchy of the established maintenance Amidst all this death and destruction of the and Amidst all this death We can find the proof for this in unbound poor Newark is fortunate to possess some of the The three typhus epidemics over 1643- 1646 probably killed between 12-15 per cent of the town’s civilian population Stuart B. Jennings and Academic University of Warwick Centre Civil War advisor to National unfolding war, the surviving records of the town of the town the surviving records war, unfolding sort of story a very to different testify corporation missed in many of the national which is often This is the momentous of the civil war. narratives of the civilian authorities in struggle on the part of and form the structures maintain to Newark indeed maintained. was everyday Civic life life. relief accounts for the year 1645-1646, the vouchers and bills surviving recording payments for the maintenance and running of the song school and paying of the master’s stipend and payments for blue cloth to make new liveries for the appointed corporation officials. And in the churchwarden’s accounts recording payment to poor widows for winding sheets and inkles to bury the soldiers who died in their homes as a result of injuries received in the fighting. country’s most impressive surviving civil war siege works, buildings, and a castle all of which came through the war. These help both to create a sense of the impact upon the locality and add to the national narrative of events. It is further enriched by the survival of the detailed records of everyday life. These provide a more intimate and personal encounter with the war which will figure in the museum experience. The materials listed on the voucher reflected reflected on the voucher listed The materials 1643-1646 epidemics over typhus The three and a persistent typhus was the town, For contemporary views on the transmission of the views on the transmission contemporary Plague best it should be treated. how and infection miasma, ‘stinking by be spread believed to was the burning By is putrefied’. which the air by vapours it was and the use of masking scents of perfumes smells of plague. the infectious counteract hoped to of the 12-15 per cent killed between probably of civilian population whilst the arrival town’s a further for the plague in 1645-1646 accounted a for together accounting 15 per cent, 10 to of the 30 per cent 25 to between of reduction population. town’s being of the town consequence ever-present plague outbreak, whilst the short-lived garrisoned the larger Unlike climax of the war. the terrifying long term Newark’s and York, of Bristol towns to was the civil war from recovery demographic much longer. take 6s. 8d. 2s. 0d. 6s. 8d. 6s. 8d. 1s. 0d. 4s. 6d. 3s. 6d. 1s. 0d. 4s. 6d. dote An Ante Harthorne & Marygold flowers dote The Ante The same Agayne Frankincense A fumeing powder A Cataplasme of maydenhare & syrup Mithridate A perfumeing powder In November 1645, the terrifying presence of presence the terrifying 1645, In November The decade prior to the start of the civil war civil war of the the start to prior The decade PETITION OF CHARLES PIGGOT ON THE REVERSE OF ON THE REVERSE PETITION OF CHARLES PIGGOT 1645 THE WILL OF THOMAS WAITE, OCTOBER ARCHIVES, PR/NW 22) NOTTINGHAMSHIRE (COURTESY

www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit bubonic plague was identified within the town, identified within the town, bubonic plague was Rupert’s of Prince the soldiers by carried probably the after Newark to directly who rode guard so city of Bristol the plague-infested of surrender his his honour before defend might that the prince survives book uncle the king. There in the minute plague instructions detailed of the Corporation amongst the civilian the outbreak controlling for the payment for population and also vouchers buboes, for the corpses search to doctors for of at the houses of those shut in because watchmen of bread, deliveries for and payments their infection the shut in victims of the epidemic. to beer and oats an for the payment records voucher An interesting It listed: few. a privileged of the plague for ‘antidote’ (1632-1642) witnessed an average annual burial an average (1632-1642) witnessed 1643 to From in the churchyard. of 90 persons total 748, were in the churchyard burials 1646 the total of 187. This doubling yielding an annual average soldier or stranger by be explained cannot of rates only 28 and 44 burials for burials (which accounted of the plague (1646) year with the respectively) of the 177 burials. of 8 per cent yielding a total where good hygiene was extremely difficult. extremely hygiene was good where typhus rarely adults, for lethal Whilst potentially the from they although sickened kills children; very remained low. rate mortality their disease, noticeable are there burial registers In Newark’s of adult is a preponderance there where occasions during the winter that of children months over deaths coincide with or immediately these and often . town of the garrison sieges the three follow HIDDEN VOICES HIDDEN 14 HIDDEN VOICES SAINTS & MALIGNANTS 17 PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MARY AND AND MARY OF ST. CHURCH PARISH TERRY (COURTESY JOHN ROTHLEY ST. TRUST) HERITAGE ROTHLEY SHEPPARD, or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit

“from the plow… Samuel “from took Babington must of which Babington Another group Bauthumley Jacob his followers, In Leicester and of change years twenty were Thus there singled out for attention by Babington. Elizabeth Elizabeth Babington. by attention for singled out north Scrooby, from wife farmer’s a well-to-do was children of five the mother She was Nottinghamshire. When congregation. Baptist of a local and leader a Quaker. she became however, Fox, George she met as a missionary sold up and went she When widowed, the 1660s During and Barbados. Jamaica America, to Babington’s with her son Samuel in Syston. she was described as “unjust was of the family treatment a cart from taken and their furniture mares usage – five at harvest time.” laden with corn time and him in prison both at seed kept so they tithes to pay to refusing for harvest” (presumably , been the “Mr Horton” He may have the church). and soldiers an officer by dragged who in 1667, was in meeting a Quaker from many rude people” “and in a wheelbarrow thrown the stocks, put in Syston, in the mill pond, with some cryingand then thrown The name is very similar and in him.” “stick a knife among an individual prominent clearly this was indignities many the It illustrates Quakers. Syston faith. for their suffer had to Quakers but a disorganised the Ranters, was heard have whose founder, number of radicals dangerous (perhaps apocryphally) Coppe, is afforded Abiezer to trait a Ranter the dubious distinction of taking an hour on in a pulpit for new heights, swearing end. His book, The Fiery have would Flying Roll, Babington. horrified gentry like behold I the Lord “Thou who hast bags of money as a thief in the night, or I’ll thy purse deliver come or else the all things in common cut thy throat…have have.” all that you and consume plague of God will rot made equally inflammatory Wilkinson, and Robert both God Wilkinson claiming he was statements, no God but him. was and the Devil and there no heaven, was , there a “pack of lyes” The Bible was an example Their activities were no hell “but here”. the to present such sects could of what dangers Row” “Ranters Incidentally, order. established does not refer Lane in Rothley on Mountsorrel the much later but to Coppe and his cronies, to today chapel which still stands Methodist Primitive house. as a private of Leicestershire’s one third Roughly turmoil. 1642 and between ejected were clergy parish of living in the consequences 1655, as they faced the into fell 1644 onwards which from a county sects As the Nonconformist of Parliament. control those like the 1650 s, villages during emerged of numbers with sizeable Valley along the Soar of centres independent minded artisans became under Rothley, of The village radicalism. religious relatively remained of the Babingtons the control one minor or clergy, with no removal quiet, of evidence and no real skirmish outside the village than many fortunate more was Rothley radicalism. other villages. Susan Joyce Rothley History Society MATHEW AND ANNE BABINGTON (COURTESY ROY PRECIOUS) ROY (COURTESY AND ANNE BABINGTON MATHEW During the 1640s Samuel Oates, a former weaver and father of Titus Oates Oates of Titus and father weaver a former During the 1640s Samuel Oates, Samuel to according the Dissenters against “very zealous” was Babington the Quakers. were order the established to dangerous more Far by marked was Quakerism early today, image its peaceful from removed Far evangelists and his fellow of the Blasphemy Act in 1650 Fox With the passing and small 60 in Sileby in Mountsorrel, 40 Quakers were During the 1660s there was highly critical of the state of the church. This tradition was continued with continued was This tradition of the church. of the state highly critical was a meeting who established Adams, a Baptist minister, of Richard the arrival a for there He remained Mountsorrel. to house in his home when he moved 1669. by of eighty members building up a congregation number of years, Catholics Plot” implicating the “Popish manufacturing for (the man responsible house Bell Alley Baptist meeting sent out from of Charles II) was in the reign with met well have may His efforts in Leicestershire. evangelise to in London the 1650s. In 1656 Adams in the popularity of Richard considering success Baptists, sometimes the enthusiasm of local “stir up” sent to were messengers similar were There of adult baptism. their practice from as “Dippers” known villages. valley Soar and the Loughborough in Leicester, congregations religious and the official, political Adams once action against He took Palmer. On occasion, preaching. fining him a shilling a day for changed, had climate at Hose in the John Shuttlewood, a minister force. to resorted also Babington drawn with swords of “30 or 40 horsemen a group encountered of Belvoir, Vale upon him and his friends who fell Babington , led by cocked” and pistols as a Samuel Palmer described by while singing psalms. Shuttlewood was comfortable very of a by the loss not only for nonconformity sufferer “great of his goods and the imprisonment of his person.” the seizure but by subsistence near Drayton, born in Fenny Fox George by founded was The movement as dangerously the establishment by regarded in 1624. It was Lutterworth, as “righteous his neighbours to known the son of a weaver, was Fox subversive. of the martyrs.” of the stock upright woman “an Mary was His wife Lago Christer.” meant have this could suggests in The Early History of Quakerism, Braithwaite, and Joyce Glover Robert martyrs, Protestant one of the two from descent Both had been burnt at the Mancetter. parish, in the next who resided Lewis, had town, of Mary the nearest in the reign I (1552-1558). Lutterworth, stake the Lollards. and his supporters, been the home of John Wyclif doff their hats in to the civil power, acknowledge to of its adherents the refusal the established tithes to pay or to oaths swear to those in authority, to church part, a substantial played in which women a movement It was church. often Quakers and even acting as missionaries overseas. teaching preaching, their intransigence. ended up in prison for in 1651, having imprisoned in Leicester He was of gaol. the prospect faced refusing for – six months imprisonment in Derby fate the same suffered already without any bed among the thirty place stinking low lousy join the army – “a to to any room in prison with hardly friends [Quaker] being several there felons, a major become to was Leicestershire, in north-west Swannington, lie down.” and London. Bristol from with visiting preachers centre, Quaker The comment sort.” lowly] the mean [i.e. “of and Syston, in Wymeswold groups not ” This whose name I know a woman silent led by were made that “they was with her son when living in Syston, who, Hooton, been Elizabeth have wascould Royalist troops from theRoyalist troops from Ashby garrison entered Rothley church during a service, and took away three men from the congregation to Ashby. Whatever his personal opinions, during the generally tolerant tolerant opinions, during the generally his personal Whatever Anne was clearly no puritan: she is shown wearing a fashionable dress and dress a fashionable wearing she is shown no puritan: clearly Anne was In 1648, Mathew Babington, now lord of the manor after his father’s father’s his of the manor after lord now In 1648, Mathew Babington, William Staveley was fortunate for he kept his living during the war years. years. his living during the war he kept for fortunate was William Staveley Closer to home, Richard Benskin, rector of Wanlip and vicar of and vicar of Wanlip Benskin, rector Richard home, Closer to In the days when there were no benefits for families or those out of work, or those out families no benefits for were there In the days when

www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit commonwealth and protectorate there was little action Matthew could as little action Matthew could was there and protectorate commonwealth but having remained radicals, religious against take of the Peace a Justice in 1660, and subsequently of of the monarchy restoration the in post after pursue actively chose to of England, Babington of the Church the hierarchy had his eye must have Babington vigour. great with nonconformists local included in was of the village The southern part on Mountsorrel. particularly for had been a target Mountsorrel middle ages During the later Parish. Rothley in preached John Edward, preacher, when, in 1389, an itinerant nonconformists who of Lutterworth, of John Wyclif a follower a Lollard, He was there. taverns “a sincere and sincere that she had “a indicates on the tablet The wording necklace. Both she and of England.” Church of ye best religion ye practise(sic)of constant than the High rather moderation, towards leaned most likely her husband the King. by practised Anglicanism demise, suffered his own personal tragedy, when his wife Anne, aged 33, Anne, aged when his wife tragedy, own personal his demise, suffered shows which incidentally church, died in childbirth. Her memorial in Rothley loved. greatly that she was indicates in armour, Babington adorned with a trinity of divine excellencies was “Her soul, without flattery, and a sincere a prudent profession, A sound knowledge, companions. as rare all her relations. of England in Church of ye best religion of ye practise constant in memory of whom her such a jewel, for beauty a fit cabinet Her body being for this monument.” said husband erected History and Antiquities of History in Nichols’ a story printed to according However, a moment of high in 1644 by disturbed was , his church the County of Leicester during church Rothley entered garrison the Ashby from troops Royalist drama. One can Ashby. to congregation the men from three away and took a service, of hooves the clatter on hearing of the parishioners imagine the consternation the church. being flung open and armed men entering outside, the doors it would the villagers, frighten to chosen at random Unless these men were or had been as troublemakers, their abductors to known seem that they were as such. out pointed Humberstone, refused to accept parliament’s orders, declaring he would declaring he would orders, parliament’s accept to refused Humberstone, . His words the oath” than take death, rather even any hardship, “undergo House in Shelford captured when Colonel Poyntz for prophetic, were at the and “died quarter refused 1645, Benskin was in October Nottinghamshire “against had been forced parishioners that his His son stated of the stairs.” foot , when his Leicester” goods to and corn all his cattle, and drive carry their will to committee. the county by seized belongings were the family of an ejected clergyman was hard hit.with his hard Rawson, Thomas was clergyman ejected of an the family living by his Holby from ejected was children, and their nine Lydia, wife, pregnant and porch them in the church house to forced He was troopers. parliamentary using blankets where, sanctuary seeking at Rotherby days before belfry several for charity of on the they existed and the congregation, the family between as a screen seven of in Hoby, a cottage to return able to until they were friends and neighbours starvation. avoid to as apprentices out being farmed children ten the now SAINTS & MALIGNANTS & SAINTS 16 HIDDEN VOICES WAR WIDOWS AND MAIMED SOLDIERS 19

THE HOSPITAL JACQUES CALLOT, CALLOT, JACQUES The suspension of payments was presumably presumably was The suspension of payments of pensions soon Although the payment to allow for a review of all pensioners within the within the a review of all pensioners for allow to did not specify what Although the order county. , it likely ‘not qualified’ persons by meant was of employment, capable pensioners to referred disqualified claimants from which a criterion That said, the possibility of fraud relief. receiving should not be ruled out. The seventeenth-century an Northern Beggar depicted The Cunning ballad be a maimed claiming to vagabond impoverished The order relief. receive to soldier in an attempt also serves highlight the financial strains to imposed on the county. of welfare which the cost wartime heavy to Having been subjected assessments during the 1640s, the Justices the county taxing continue to reluctant appeared of the conflict. costs the continued for populace a number of to the stipends granted resumed, Unsurprisingly, permanently revoked. were widows and despair. of confusion feelings this provoked on behalf of Susanna Gilloway, submitted A petition in 1668, for Aldridge and Elizabeth Jane Watts that their pensions had complained example, The not known”. reasons for be stopped to “come that she had complained Ellen Browne same year, she away taken a pension but being since “formerly that a condition and deplorable is in so miserable be utterly to very likely are she and her poor children their of reinstatement the for petitioning In ruined”. than successful more were pensions, some widows were and Aldridge Watts Although Gilloway, others. forced of £1 10s, they were a gratuity awarded each be The same can relief. claims for all future cede to a sum of awarded who was Mercer, Alice said for In 1666 the Bench ordered the temporary the temporary In 1666 the Bench ordered ceasing of all pensions within the county. At the At of all pensions within the county. ceasing that: ordered Epiphany sessions it was of pensioners of the multitude upon consideration such pensions receive to not qualified in this county and other of the taxes charges and of the great That all which lie upon this county… contributions payment of any pension made for whatsoever Orders thenceforth should from whatsoever any person to & null be void expectancy amongst royalist widows regarding regarding widows amongst royalist expectancy following immediately relief receive their rights to Anne claimed In her petition the Restoration. the a pension by been awarded already have to within that magistrates suggesting Justices, county administer to begun had already Northamptonshire the act of 1662. Any initial prior to welfare the towards the Justices by enthusiasm displayed have to appears however, of welfare, provision pension had been 1661 Anne’s By been short-lived. the Bench so petition her to prompting revoked, the said pension continued”. that she “may have in the petition be found A similar story can Arthur on behalf of John Roberts, submitted maimed – three and Joseph Waters Brainson – at the Easter of Towcester the town from soldiers men claimed to sessions in 1662. Whilst all three stipends, these had been awarded previously have out with misery” Being “worn , unpaid. gone since the Bench that their pensions might the men asked to claiming they had “nothing left be reinstated, & children”. wives look upon but our wounds man with a further issued each Having already unmoved. remained of 10s, the judges gratuity come. an ominous sign of things to It was or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit With as many as 180,000 soldiers and civilians civilians and soldiers as 180,000 as many With total the Wales, and in England their lives losing country was the of war widows across number indeed. very great to have been likely The first surviving petition submitted to the to surviving submitted The first petition The lack of surviving records means that means The lack of surviving records we know very little about Northamptonshire’s very know we little about Northamptonshire’s during the 1640s and 1650s. widows Parliamentary 1668, to surviving book dates The earliest order the only cover rolls Sessions’ whilst the Quarter These contain of the Interregnum. years final two six maimed to awarded of relief details and a stipend of 40s soldiers, parliamentarian the grandmother Steerer, one Margaret to granted slain in the wars. was orphans whose father of two period are the Restoration covering The archives of set as a complete As well encouraging. more until the 1660 through running from rolls sessions’ minute a court century, end of the seventeenth book (1686-1692) also book (1668-1678) and order 21 regarding details contain survive. These records the who petitioned and 78 maimed soldiers widows 1660 and 1687. Bench between Anne Britton by was Bench Northamptonshire the before a year in 1661. Presented of Wootten of maimed soldiers the relief for 1662 legislation an reveals her petition enacted, was and widows pensions once welfare had first been granted to to been granted first had welfare pensions once of the surplusage of such “out maimed soldiers, of in the hands as shall remain of maintenance stock shall see, the reluctance . As we the said Treasurers” and maimed widows relieve to of some Justices Following confrontation. provoke could soldiers in 1660, the monarchy of the Stuart the restoration and widows parliamentarian to rights awarded in 1662 by and replaced rescinded, were soldiers their royalist to entitling relief similar legislation until it in effect stay to This act was counterparts. lapsed in 1679. Before turning our attention to the historical records, we may appreciate may appreciate we records, the historical to our attention turning Before adopted by widows and their sponsors in their attempts to secure relief in relief secure to in their attempts and their sponsors widows by adopted in be forthright chose to Whilst some widows respectively. and Essex Cheshire fashioning of deference; a tone adopted most women welfare, their demands for with children. and overburdened impoverished as victims of war, themselves demonstrate relief in obtaining widows that the actions of war Both conclude but the civil wars, politics during from nor excluded neither powerless they were of Hudson build on the work to This article looks agency. possessed considerable in Northamptonshire. relief of war the administration exploring by and Appleby Civil during the First witnessed a number of military engagements The county men were in 1645. Northamptonshire culminating in the Battle of Naseby War, the Midlands and beyond. fight across to also deployed the administration which regulated of the legislation understanding a fuller widows war to distributed 1642 and 1660, pensions were Between of relief. In in London. Parliament by controlled a treasury from and maimed soldiers and widows an act in 1647 which provided also passed addition, Parliament Under relief. to route localised and more with an alternate veterans injured county petition entitled to were and maimed soldiers widows the legislation, however, do so, they could pensions. Before Sessions for at Quarter Justices a commanding by validated a certificate obtain to required first they were should be It services. own or their husband’s confirming either their officer not they were relief, administer to empowered were that whilst Justices noted receive only to were that widows The act of 1647 stipulated so. do to obliged On 24 October 1642, Parliament confirmed that the widows of parliamentary soldiers would be would soldiers of parliamentary that the widows confirmed 1642, Parliament On 24 October fund. government a central pensions from receiving and orphans were 4,000 widows 1659 over By their was through records left a mark on the historical widows in which war ways One of the commonest Under the Elizabethan poor laws of 1593, soldiers and seamen injured in the injured and seamen poor laws of 1593, soldiers Under the Elizabethan War widows and and widows War in soldiers maimed Northamptonshire the English after Civil Wars entitled to receive pensions. The passing of this bill came just one day after the Battle of Edgehill, the Battle of Edgehill, the just one day after of this bill came passing pensions. The receive entitled to those granted rights to comparable widows war to In extending of the war. engagement significant first men to induce but seeking to obligation, a moral fulfilling not merely was Parliament maimed soldiers, to their families. for of providing the promise fight through as a result relief receiving number of women of the total fraction an unknown represents this figure Yet alternatively could widows treasury, the Parliament’s to as appealing As well of the English civil wars. in England and civilians losing their lives many as 180,000 soldiers With as welfare. county for petition indeed. been very have to great likely was the country across widows number of war the total and Wales, the strategies explored have Hudson and David Appleby Sessions. Geoffrey Quarter county to petitions services of the crown were awarded the right to receive state pensions. Whilst this pensions. Whilst state receive the right to awarded were of the crown services fighting in the name servicemen made by the sacrifices acknowledged legislation on the families placed war the impact recognise to it failed of Queen and country, during the 1640s, with the change to This was in battle. or killed of those wounded of the English Civil War. outbreak

BY STEWART BEALE ‘Unnecessary , ‘Unnecessary IMAGE CAPTION OR CREDIT CAPTION IMAGE persons? Maimed soldiers and war widows in widows and war Maimed soldiers persons? and History Essex Archaeology 1642-1662’, Essex, Arni, 209-221. Eric Gruber von 32 (2001), pp. Vol. Medical the Maimed Soldier: Nursing, to Justice Soldiers Sick and Wounded for and Welfare Care Civil Wars during the English and their Families 1642-1660 (Aldershot, 2001). and Interregnum, blood money: for Hudson, ‘Negotiating Geoffrey seventeenth- in and the courts widows war and Garthine in Jenny Kermode England’, century Crime and the Courts in (eds.), Women, Walker 146-169. 1994), pp. Early Modern England London, and the Hudson, ‘Disabled veterans Geoffrey in David Gerber modern England’, in early state (Michigan, in History (ed.), Disabled Veterans Sherwood , The Civil War 117-144. Roy 2000), pp. 1992). in the Midlands 1642-1651 (Stroud, Further reading: David Appleby Stewart Beale University of Leicester NORTHAMPTON SESSIONS HOUSE HOUSE SESSIONS NORTHAMPTON

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BY ANDREW HOPPER

The first Nottinghamshire commander to fall under suspicion was Major-General Thomas Major-General was under suspicion fall to commander Nottinghamshire The first Lieutenant- was in Nottinghamshire be arrested to commander parliamentarian The next With an absence of any large set-piece battles occurring in the county, the focus has been the focus in the county, occurring battles set-piece large of any With an absence more on siege warfare, with the famous three sieges of Newark between 1643 and 1646, and between of Newark sieges three with the famous warfare, on siege more of this struggle Within the narrative Nottingham Castle. made against the many attempts no small part. Both sides feared played and conspiracy of treachery the role control, for their everyday in discharging autonomy considerable allowed that their military governors, Assaulting a well- with the enemy. cutting a deal to susceptible might prove responsibilities, at Bristol their cost to found as the royalists casualties heavy entail could stronghold fortified cost-effective be a more to perceived was an enemy governor subverting in July 1643, therefore for consequences profound have to were fruition such defections bring to to Attempts strategy. questioned. were and loyalties strained were on both sides as coalitions conflict internecine of parliamentarian the reserve brigade soldier who commanded a professional He was Ballard. memoirist John Twentyman The Newark in the army of the Earl of Essex. at Edgehill infantry were that they renowned so and such were wars “had served in foreign that Ballard recalled December By discords.” among us in the beginning of our unhappy do wonders thought able to of cleared to be whose names had senior officers of Essex’s among several was 1642 Ballard of Major-General In January commissioned 1643, he was in Parliament. of treachery allegations a botched over month he presided The following and Derbyshire. Nottinghamshire Lincolnshire, his cavalry, commit to the assault, delaying blamed for refusing was he where on Newark attack his and abandoning retreat, a premature ordering and ammunition, withholding reinforcements of Nottingham, governor the parliamentarian of Colonel John Hutchinson, wife Lucy, artillery. and in his family” “decayed was that as Ballard recalling these charges, corroborated later of his friends there because Newark attack to reluctant , he was abroad” up in the wars “bred the Earl of Essex’s by been exonerated have to appears During April Ballard amongst the enemy. subsequently Holland. He may have into pass him to permitted and Parliament of war council royalist in a listed was Thomas Ballard a Lieutenant-Colonel the King as for engage to returned Taunton. as killed near martyrology of Hull. Both Hothams had played John Hotham, son of Sir John Hotham, the governor General in 1642. early Parliament of Hull for arsenal of the important in seizing control role a decisive in the kingdom, arms magazine largest the second to Their action had denied the King access 1643 the into lingered being poorly equipped. But as the war at Edgehill his infantry to leading passed and they were radical more aims grew war as Parliament’s disturbed Hothams became Fairfax, Lord to instead entrusted This was forces. of the Yorkshire the generalship for over among the populous and economically insurgency anti-royalist a dangerous who had headed as in the West Riding. The Hothams soon saw this force towns cloth manufacturing depressed of the northern with the commander corresponding and began order the established to a threat forbidden being expressly such contact despite Earl of Newcastle, William Cavendish, royalists, Hotham would that the younger Fears of War. Laws and Ordinances printed the Earl of Essex’s by with his when dealing his high-handed approach deepened by were Parliament to false prove Colonel Hutchinson May 1643. When at Nottingham Castle in late gathered commanders fellow that Hotham alleged Hutchinson Lucy troopers, criticised the unruly behaviour of Hotham’s at Oxford the royalists Even it in all things.” liberty and expected for that “he fought replied cut each to ready are that “Hotham and Cromwell rejoicing knew of their disagreements, garrison. with the Newark of corresponding suspected Hotham was throats.” other’s or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit The story of the civil wars in Nottinghamshire usually begins with Charles I’s raising of the royal standard at standard of the royal raising Charles I’s with usually begins in Nottinghamshire The story of the civil wars Special Collections of the University Fig one: Special Collections of the University Library, of Leicester University of Leicester, Prints, of Portrait Collection Fairclough Colonel John Hutchinson EP 10102, p.142 of Owthorpe, Colonel John Hutchinson of (1615-1664), governor Nottinghamshire part an important Nottingham Castle, played effort. Siding with war in the parliamentarian death he signed the king’s radicals, the religious been an have to in 1649 and appears warrant with the return However, enthusiastic regicide. and penitence of Charles II in 1660 he expressed in unpunished until his arrest left largely was accused He was of conspiracy. 1663 on charges Northern Risings in the failed of being implicated where Castle in Kent and imprisoned in Sandown 1664. he died in September Special Collections of the University Fig two: Library, of Leicester University of Leicester, Prints, Collection of Portrait Fairclough Hutchinson EP 41B0205 Lucy intellectual, (1620-1681) puritan Hutchinson Lucy of the writers female is one of the best known of of the Memoirs because century seventeenth which she of Colonel John Hutchinson the Life an extremely in 1671. This has proved completed of the civil historians local for source valuable in many editions, Having been printed war. the original manuscript survives in the British to been intended have and seems to Library his memory and record her husband’s vindicate posterity. for service parliamentarian Treachery and conspiracy conspiracy and Treachery during in Nottinghamshire War Civil the English Nottingham Castle on 22 August 1642. Thereafter a tale of attritional garrison warfare usually ensues, as both sides usually ensues, warfare garrison tale of attritional a 1642. Thereafter on 22 August Nottingham Castle at Newark. at Nottingham and the royalists based with the parliamentarians resources, local over sought control FIG TWO FIG ONE

Geoffrey Hudson claims that the Restoration facilitated a dramatic shift in a dramatic facilitated Restoration Hudson claims that the Geoffrey Although no more widows appeared before the Bench after 1674, the Bench after before appeared widows Although no more The apparent thriftiness of the county Bench towards war widows does war widows towards county Bench thriftiness of the The apparent The noncompliance of the county Bench towards a number of claimants a number Bench towards of the county The noncompliance

www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit the treatment of war widows. Whilst the widows of parliamentarian soldiers of parliamentarian Whilst the widows widows. of war the treatment the 1640s and Interregnum, pensions throughout awarded regularly were 1660. The attitude stipends after granted rarely were counterparts their royalist was motivated Restoration the after widows war towards of the government women grant to an unwillingness amongst royalists by in part, Hudson argues, analysis Appleby’s by is supported men. This conclusion rights to comparable widows royalist a single pension to award to failed Justices where of Essex, the in Northamptonshire, so bleak not quite were 1660. Although things after to 1660 appears authorities after the county by widows royalist of treatment denied were widows with this argument. The majority of royalist agree broadly county authorities initially 1666. Although the after stipends, particularly county the general the Restoration, following some women stipends to award saw fit to list. struck off the pensions suspension of all stipends in 1666 saw many widows referred or gratuities either awarded were the majority of widows this date, After dismissed altogether. whilst some claimants were relief, for their parishes to in widows of war the experiences whether reveal hopes to research Ongoing the East Midlands as a whole. across common were Northamptonshire the county magistrates continued to receive petitions from maimed soldiers. maimed soldiers. from petitions receive to continued magistrates the county eight royalist pensions to awarded 1685 and 1687, the Justices Between the 1680s, one William Smith. By to sum of £5 including a yearly veterans, not the only military veterans were of the civil wars the soldiers however, stipend a yearly awarded was In 1669 Thomas Bates relief. for petitioning the Over in the Caribbean. during military service of 30s having lost his leg to relief Bench also provided the Northamptonshire years, twenty next As the who had served Bohemia and France. in Holland, veterans wounded of the civil wars and soldiers the widows progressed, century seventeenth conflicts, the victims of later from relief for competition a growing faced during the 1640s. inflicted than the scars wounds fresher who bore not appear to have deterred female claimants during the early 1670s. By this 1670s. By claimants during the early female deterred have to not appear relief. for their parishes to back referred were women most time, however, Rachel a pension of 40s to pay to ordered of Bulwick was In 1670 the parish John had served - whose husband at Johnson, whilst in 1671, Jane Bearsly of Aldwincle. Ennis Lapworth’s her parish to referred Castle - was Belvoir had but upon his death had servedhusband at Banbury Castle during the war, with afflicted of which is very sorely two small children, with “four left his widow of Wellingborough the overseers ordered the Kings Evil”. In 1673 the Justices at the Michaelmas sessions in 1674, Meanwhile, her with relief. provide to referring pension of 1s per week. By a parochial awarded was Drew Elizabeth paid was welfare that their ensured Justices their parishes, to back widows It should be noted, treasury. than the county rather funds, parochial from for widows stipends to awarding had not stopped county that the however, pension yearly a was awarded Cliffe King’s of Ashby In 1674, Elizabeth entirely. be the last to She was her husband. to been paid of 40s which had formerly Session records. in the Quarter appear to named widow one Thomas Rogers, a Northamptonshire inhabitant who had served who had as both a inhabitant a Northamptonshire one Thomas Rogers, petitioned earlier had Rogers Lucas. under Sir Gervase and quartermaster trooper in 1666, which, he the suspension of his pension the Council following claimed, the . The Council requested of sessions” & order the Act to contrary “was speed why the with all convenient the Board to their Answer “return to Justices in consideration on the Petitioner pounds per annum settled of four Pension continued & paid unto not is Majesty… for his late sufferings & of his services little sign of intimidation. showed the Justices . In justifying their action him” great expend to had been forced their county many years that for They argued which, they maimed soldiers, and of widows the maintenance sums towards there . Clearly the county” to find very grievously a “burthen we was concluded, who legislated government the central between tension an underlying was and, with both its implementation authorities charged and the county the law, its financing. importantly, more provoked one dissatisfied veteran to seek alternate aid. On 5 August 1668 the On 5 August aid. seek alternate to one dissatisfied veteran provoked the Privy Council concerning from a letter received Justices Northamptonshire “in full discharge of all arrears and all other pensions that she may pretend may pretend pensions that she and all other of all arrears 52s “in full discharge for of Wootton her parish to back referred was Palmer Alice the future”. for to . “Disallowed” simply marked was request whilst Ellen Browne’s relief, WAR WIDOWS AND MAIMED SOLDIERS MAIMED AND WIDOWS WAR 20 HIDDEN VOICES TREACHERY AND CONSPIRACY 23

Turncoats and Renegadoes: and Renegadoes: , Turncoats Further Reading: Hopper Andrew 2012). (Oxford, Changing Sides in the English Civil War of the Hothams, Hopper (ed.), The Papers Andrew (Camden Society, of Hull during the Civil Wars Governors of the Life , Memoirs Hutchinson 5th series, 39, 2011). Lucy 1995). (London, , ed. N. H. Keeble of Colonel Hutchinson Newark Tymes’: B. Jennings, ‘These Uncertaine Stuart 1640–1660 of the Civil Wars and the Civilian Experience in C. Wood, Nottinghamshire (Nottingham, 2009). Alfred Thomason 1937). British Library, (Oxford, the Civil War of the Attempts the Trecherous of E79(30), A Discovery Tract, Nottingham of the Betraying Procured have to Cavaliers, 1643). their Hands (London, Castle into Andrew Hopper Centre for English Local History University of Leicester impulses felt towards side-changing by towards impulses felt subvert on both sides; plotting to protagonists and worthwhile, practical was enemy commanders unmanly and not remained but somehow about. brag to something Nottinghamshire was very was much at the Nottinghamshire crossroads of the First Civil War, with the garrisons with the garrisons Civil War, of the First crossroads assuming a national of Nottingham and Newark was of these strongpoints Control importance. and siege-works garrisons, not just by contested underhand methods. more assaults but also by Monck, George A military manual penned by side-changing, postulated to himself no stranger towns, and win castles to that among seven ways no advice the first, but offered was Treachery” “by it, despite about accomplishing go to on how against defend to how at length expounding This embodies the contradictory treachery. Lord Belasyse, the man who had replaced him Belasyse, the man who had replaced Lord be had to a duel, and the latter to as governor, a confrontation. prevent to under guard placed followed governors other royalist Subsequently, Ogle at such as Viscount example, Rupert’s and Sir Barnabas in November Winchester both in December, at Hereford Scudamore inflamed demanding tribunals that ultimately imploded. cause divisions as the royalist internal that whilst victories demonstrate These cases providence, God’s be ascribed to customarily could problematic, more was with defeat terms to coming of recriminations and allegations to leading often among the vanquished. or cowardice treachery or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit Our final commander to suffer from aspersions aspersions from suffer to Our final commander cast upon his loyalty was Prince Rupert himself, Rupert himself, Prince was upon his loyalty cast 1645, the King feared August By nephew. the King’s to Rupert had advised him after his loyalty for the Prince brother, and Rupert’s peace negotiate in London. Parliament by received well was Elector, in Fairfax to up of Bristol delivering Rupert’s After to northwards 1645, he made his way September the King, having a trial from demand to Newark of the articles of copy and a his defence drafted his by cleared Although Rupert was surrender. 18 and 21 martial held between uncle in a court or fidelity”, of courage of “the least want October of his friend Sir Richard the discharge he considered an affront of Newark the governorship Willis from favourite, the King’s his honour from to ensued in An armed confrontation Digby. Lord lifeguard with the King’s place, market Newark men with the Prince’s confront up to drawn Willis challenged at the ready. and pistols swords the local parliamentarian committee that if he committee parliamentarian the local a cannon-ball “let either side up arms for took On 2 May 1643 he was them.” divide me between but lieutenant-general, a royalist commissioned remained commitment the depth of his royalist killed he was as with no small irony unmeasured artilleryby veryon 30 July. fire soon after Through print, sieges became media stories, where rumours of side-changing and conspiracy might impact upon the course of events. Print helped allay their fears that the royalists that the royalists Print helped allay their fears on contacts and grooming Prevaricating “keep their despised coin to tempt tempt to their despised coin “keep might better The affair instead. waiting-woman” some frail that despite Parliament remind helped Hutchinson and in arrears being thirty weeks pay his garrison’s the enemy, by overrun being the whole county loyal remain he would of blood left in me… one drop “so long as I have thousand deaths with die ten choose to I will rather my to God, and an honest heart to a clear conscience of my the purchase sell my soul for than to country, can this world and honours and all the wealth life, upon me.” bestow to about them in order falsehoods had spread with their comrades. undermine their reputations their position within their coalition’s Strengthening Colonel because was vital factions shifting castle’s the secure to attempting was Pierrepont himself and suspicion of disloyalty for governorship would Hutchinson his hands. Lucy play into would Pierrepont, discredit to use the same means later with the enemy in communication claiming he was and of Kingston his mother the Countess through sides. change to intended the for not unusual, particularly both sides was preserve their property. seeking to aristocracy sought to Pierrepont, Earl of Kingston, Robert by estates Nottinghamshire his vast protect Newark, while his eldest son, Lord delay, sons William sided with the King, and his younger He declined Parliament. supported and Francis poverty, money the King pleading by loan to to declared Hutchinson Lucy to and according

By 30 December the important step had step the important 30 December By been taken of printing Hutchinson’s justificatory justificatory of printing Hutchinson’s been taken print, Through sieges in a pamphlet. narrative of side- rumours where media stories, became upon the might impact changing and conspiracy could of treachery of events. Allegations course so commanders, undermine trust in garrison themselves fashion sought to the Hutchinsons in a very public manner. as beyond temptation within their stock print also raised to Resorting that the royalists showing by coalition Parliament’s try subvert. enough to to thought them important themselves advance In addition it enabled them to whilst and constant, incorruptible, as heroic, and as devious, conniving, the royalists traducing before and rot” They “starve would treacherous. their trusts, declaring that the royalists betraying may have led some of them to consider consider led some of them to may have susceptible as particularly parliamentarians of moneyadvancement. and social offers to attempts five this, no less than to owing Perhaps officers parliamentarian subvert made to were August From garrison. inside Nottingham’s Colonel John 1643 the governor December to George Lieutenant-Colonel his brother, Hutchinson, Thomas Captain and his cousin Hutchinson, to betray sums large all offered were Poulton, from in letters the royalists Nottingham Castle to his emissary through the Earl of Newcastle of Newark, and the governor Dacre, Colonel Richard Hutchinson’s was As Byron Byron. Sir Richard as the be fashioned could his approach cousin, of a misguided the welfare for kindly concern that the King held warned kinsman, but the letters treasonous him as more against a castle keeping of No doubt mindful army. in Essex’s than service dared of the Hothams, Hutchinson arrest the recent in case Parliament from these letters not conceal He wrote suspicions about his loyalty. they aroused Nottingham, sitting the MP for Gilbert Millington, to was this letter On 25 December at Westminster. out in the House of Commons. It explained read Sir Richard by tempted “that he had been formerly up the deliver and betray to and Mr Sutton Byron which his Majesties forces and Castle to said Towne moment he had be of little to he conceived because offer a third but that having now rejected, privately of £10,000 and to the Earl of Newcastle made him by of the the government have and to be made a Baron no longer durst he him and his heirs, said Castle to least some suspicion the Parliament it from conceal he had might be had of his fidelity and that therefore the by which he returned of his answer sent a copy this effect agent, to which was Earl of Newcastle’s not he would small yet were that though his fortune & if he treachery it by raise to conscience his violate did he thought he should not be blessed in it and his posterity to a stain so great thereby should leave expiate.” as no honour could Consequently on 22 June 1643 1643 on 22 June Consequently bed and his from dragged was Hotham Castle. in Nottingham incarcerated Royalist perceptions of parliamentarians as of parliamentarians perceptions Royalist Hotham rejoined his father at Hull, maintaining at Hull, maintaining his father Hotham rejoined Consequently on 22 June 1643 Hotham Consequently on 22 June

www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit hypocritical upstarts who used religion merely merely who used religion upstarts hypocritical and rebellion, interests private for as a cloak that he had been so maltreated by Parliament that Parliament by that he had been so maltreated my honour or honesty is further think “no man can Sir John Hotham procured serve them.” engaged to a strikingly to of war of his council the signatures demanding Parliament, to letter peremptory , rogues” and his “Anabaptist that Cromwell his son’s causing for justice” to “be delivered prepared imprisonment. The letter wrongful defection, their long-considered for the ground that their sense of injury explicitly stating of their former the obligations them from freed on 29 June 1643 both Hothams were Yet allegiance. an uprising of act by they could before arrested to shipped down They were and townsmen. sailors in the Tower incarcerated they were where London their eventual months prior to seventeen for in Januarybeheading 1645. was dragged from his bed and incarcerated in his bed and incarcerated from dragged was Queen to he wrote Nottingham Castle. There his rescue. arrange Maria, inviting her to Henrietta escaped, Hotham Leicester, to under guard En route Rossiter Captain justifying himself to allegedly one than 300 be subject to had better that “we shall see in a short time that “you , and tyrants” a Gentleman but will be gone to never will be there with he talked where Lincoln, to He rode the King.” commanders, parliamentarian sympathetic more he had got out of that “now maintaining allegedly out.” keep he would of the Parliament the protection defection; his anticipated eagerly The royalists on 27 June of Newcastle the Queen informing “‘I hope now, remarking escape, Hotham’s than never.” late that he will be prudent: better “hath sent to the King that Hotham She informed my arms, and that himself into cast me that he would at Lincoln, Once shall be rendered.” Hull and Lincoln his defection for the ground Hotham prepared Parliament, to of protest writing a letter by on an attack constituted that his arrest complaining he doubly grievous because that was his gentility Parliament. man in arms for had been the first It added that: an Anabaptist to employed had “Colonel Cromwell had been White him, and that one Captain accuse but a yeoman. lately against him who was employed upon had not been exercised That so much injustice any gentleman, in any age or time when arbitrary at the height. was of these That the valour power of in their defacing appeared men had only yet churches.” He had even been accused of threatening Cromwell Cromwell of threatening He had even been accused in Grey Lord to battle with his artillery and offering his cavalry. for fodder over a dispute TREACHERY AND CONSPIRACY AND TREACHERY 22 HIDDEN VOICES COLONEL JOHN HUTCHINSON 25

” Even the severe outbreak of plague in southern Nottinghamshire from southern Nottinghamshire of plague in outbreak the severe Even Yet contemporary evidence suggests that Nottingham’s civilian population civilian population that Nottingham’s suggests evidence contemporary Yet Financial considerations were not the only issues facing the Committee the Committee not the only issues facing were Financial considerations did not suffer too heavily throughout the war. The records of the parishes of the records The war. the throughout too heavily did not suffer in the number increase no steep show in the town of St Mary and St Peter those of 1641-42. to in comparison the conflict of burials throughout in few 1643 resulted in September on Nottingham the attack Moreover, in the deaths resulted later a year the sack of Bolton whereas civilian deaths, that fact The population of the town. peacetime half the total of 700, nearly to 1643-46 is testimony between civilian casualties few relatively were there as Governor. success Hutchinson’s in deaths in the number of increase no considerable 1645 led to late-June by the taken measures the effective to be attributed Nottingham. This can mid-1645 onwards: from the town entering the disease prevent authorities to be would or they up, be kept and swine “to all dogs, cats such as ordering For example, during the attack on Nottingham in September 1643 Royalist 1643 Royalist on Nottingham in September during the attack example, For so thick played which “the bullets from St. church Nicholas’ occupied troops not pass from “could soldiers that Parliamentarian castle-yard” the outward into As a hazard.” but with very great the guards, nor relieve the other, to one gate that he could “he realized of the town control regained when Hutchinson result the and ordered this danger again” be exposed to to guard his castle not allow of the whole, which is of public “the safety preferring be pulled down, to church of a part.” the preservation before interest, soldiers. For example, on 7 November 1645 Thomas Meldrum, a lieutenant in a lieutenant 1645 Thomas Meldrum, on 7 November example, For soldiers. of in p[ar]te Col’ Hutchinson “of £106 9s 2d received troop, horse a Nottingham and as a Cornet he received amount of the total than a third , more my Arrears” may also high wages of relatively The prospect the war. throughout Lieutenant the men as many of particularly troops, potential many servedhave attract to most part the for 1643 “were in Autumn the garrison for as soldiers who enlisted their subsistence.” to of the means of contributing destitute civilian support in spite of the maintenance was of Nottingham. Paramount inhabitants, its made by and the sacrifices on the town placed of the burdens and buildings properties Suburban of property. the destruction in particular of for the erection space to create cleared often were a citadel surrounding deny the enemy and to fire; lines of with clear supply defenders to defences; as they had useful garrisons for problematic also proved Churches cover. force, an attacking by points as strong be fortified points, they could vantage number of men. a considerable accommodate to enough large and they were

or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit the bullets played so thick into the bullets castle-yard” that the outward soldiers “could Parliamentarian to the one gate not pass from guards, the other, nor relieve hazard. great but with very “ As the tide of the Civil War turned in Parliament’s favour after the victory after favour in Parliament’s turned As the tide of the Civil War One of the primary obstacles facing Hutchinson was that of finance. As well As well that of finance. was Hutchinson One of the primary facing obstacles pounds of ten allowance this Parliamentary Hutchinson, Lucy to According per week did little to solve the monetary problems. She also suggests that her She also suggests problems. the monetary solve did little to per week the sum for a large contribute personally to necessity by forced was husband thousand run up a debt of several him to causing of the garrison, maintenance consistently the authorities in Nottingham were pounds. Consequently, thirty the soldiers point owing at one troops, the garrison pay unable to 1645 there that by considering sum indeed a large in arrears, wages weeks’ were These financial difficulties in the town. 1,000 troops approximately were of 3 January letter such as in Hutchinson’s Westminster, to reported certainly procure but if I cannot works, making the “I am now 1644 in which he stated . them.” defend us unable to will make pay the garrison, poverty to money financial demands on local that the Moor in July 1644, it is clear at Marston at the Committee granted Parliament example, For eased. towns garrison of arising within the Town the Excise, from Nottingham “the monies coming with those and this sum, combined Nottingham, and the County of the same” the defence finance not only helped to settlements, levied on other nearby on the placed the financial burden relieved of Nottingham but also greatly benefits of this assessments. One of the most practical parliamentary by town his to owed the wages pay to that it enabled Hutchinson was in funds increase soldiers, this suggests that by early 1644 Hutchinson commanded roughly 500 500 roughly commanded 1644 Hutchinson early by that this suggests soldiers, when required. on 400 militia soldiers call able to and was troops permanent insufficient still was Nottingham garrison of the size in the such an increase Yet as defend as well military his national obligations meet to Hutchinson allow to to ordered was evident when Hutchinson in June 1644 was This the town. to en route forces join the Earl of Denbigh’s to 200-300 horse between provide in resulted the Nottingham Committee by Subsequent petitions Manchester. immediately. the town to being returned and 100 horse soldiers all the foot Committee February the local 1643 of Nottingham from the defence as funding help finance to of £187. 10s. per week a contribution raise to also required was and levy assess to having the authority Despite army. the national parliamentary at Table a convenient keep “Liberty to and the Committee Hutchinson County”. out of their own of the Monies raised “out be financed to Nottingham” sums on lands, goods and rents, the Committee encountered considerable considerable encountered the Committee and rents, sums on lands, goods town. The financial of the defence to maintain funds raising sufficient difficulties in that they received the fact by exacerbated were the Committee facing problems granted Parliament 1643 when until September Westminster no money from

PORTRAIT OF COLONEL JOHN HUTCHINSON, OIL ON CANVAS, OIL ON CANVAS, HUTCHINSON, JOHN OF COLONEL PORTRAIT (1593 (C)-1645), 1643 (C). JOHN SOUCH OF CHESTER TO ATTRIBUTED LONDON) MUSEUM, ARMY THE NATIONAL OF OF THE COUNCIL (COURTESY

BY THOMAS PERT In his article on Neutralism in the Civil War, Roger Howell claimed that in June Howell Roger in the Civil War, In his article on Neutralism which Hutchinson the 3,000 troops Although Nottingham never produced Gainsborough in July 1643, Hutchinson was left in command at Nottingham left in was in July 1643, Hutchinson Gainsborough where in a county cause the parliamentarian maintain with only 300 men to . It is understandable, or assistance” timely relief “any not receive he could to Nottingham as “unlikely described Hutchinson, Lucy that his wife, therefore, the enemy or support itself” resist as the Royalist be able either to , particularly and the 1,500 and 1,800 troops between contained alone at Newark garrison 1644-5 between in assaults on the town participating forces of the Royalist size 3,000 men. 1,600 to from ranged solely to of the town works the defensive restrict decided to 1643 Hutchinson contemporary However, of public discontent. in a surge resulting the castle, beyond this erected defences series of an extensive detail clearly sources in April-May constructed ramparts including earthwork in the conflict, early at Chapel Bar and constructed gates two of road-blocks, 1643, a system Although his decision to Leen. the River over Bar and a drawbridge Cowlane common it was unpopular, the Castle was guns to fourteen the town’s remove and location serve headquarters to as a secure a stronghold fortify to practice captured was if the town be defended could Such a citadel the magazine. for in the believed, the number of troops as Hutchinson the enemy or if, by fortifications. town man the to adequately insufficient was garrison an boast to Nottingham continued the conflict Indeed, throughout maintained: regularly which were series of fortifications impressive defences town garrison; Hutchinson’s by defended and outerworks the castle and at Trent in meadows and forts the townspeople; and manned by erected crossing. river the important secure to of the garrison part held by Bridge such as of military attacks, experiences by also informed were Such defences 1643, after in September troops 600 royalist assault by the nearly-successful which and any hedges blocked were the castle up to leading which the roads chopped down. were for attackers cover afford potentially could effectively, defences man these extensive to necessary were stated reportedly under his direction. increased of the garrison it is evident that the size Nottingham, for M.P. Gilbert Millington, to in a letter This is demonstrated that under his command January stated on 3rd 1644 in which Hutchinson As foot militia bands. as four in pay” as well full companies “five were about 50 troops 100 men and horse of approximately consisted companies

Before Hutchinson’s appointment in June 1643, the war in Nottinghamshire in Nottinghamshire appointment in June 1643, the war Hutchinson’s Before Five months later he was appointed Governor of the town itself. itself. of the town Governor appointed he was months later Five On 13 September 1642, less than a month after raising 1642, less than a month after On 13 September

www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit 1643 - 1646. English Civil War, War, Civil English Nottingham in the in the Nottingham (1615-1664) and and (1615-1664) Hutchinson Hutchinson Colonel John John Colonel was dominated by Royalist successes and the failed parliamentarian siege of siege parliamentarian and the failed successes Royalist by dominated was military position. in February 1643 left Nottingham in a precarious Newark Sir John Gell and Grey, of Lord forces combined that the Indeed, the fact and six thousand five numbering between and Cromwell, Colonels Hubbard the by attack an anticipated Nottingham from defend sent to were troops, the end of June by this. However, demonstrates army, Earl of Newcastle’s as Parliamentarian been dispersed must have the majority of these troops in command that Sir John Meldrum was July reported newsbooks of early and dragoons. of horse and seven troops at Nottingham with 1,500 foot of siege royalist lift the Meldrum to for order the Earl of Essex’s Following Although Hutchinson was ultimately successful in maintaining the in maintaining successful ultimately was Although Hutchinson Royalist from the town in Nottingham, protecting cause Parliamentarian his performance evaluate to attempt has been no there years, three for capture regarding evidence of contemporary collection the diverse despite as Governor, on the town of the conflict and the impact of the garrison the management on Nottinghamshire work authoritative Wood’s Alfred from Indeed, apart itself. by in Nottingham is dominated of the conflict the coverage during the Civil War, committee of the parliamentarian members with fellow disputes the governor’s Colonel Hutchinson as this article will demonstrate, ultimately, Yet in the town. facing of the civic and military necessities in his fulfilment successful was in the only English Civil War during the First town Nottingham as a garrison in a majority. were supporters the King’s where Midlands county his Royal Standard in the town, Charles I departed from from Charles I departed in the town, Standard his Royal to and Shrewsbury in order Stafford Nottingham to in the Severn of his cause on the popularity capitalise was Nottingham departure the King’s Shortly after Valley. Parliamentarians, by local garrisoned and swiftly occupied and former son of the M.P. with Colonel John Hutchinson, of Sir Thomas Hutchinson High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire of the garrison commander Owthorpe Hall, being appointed at Nottingham Castle on 29 June 1643. COLONEL JOHN HUTCHINSON JOHN COLONEL 24 HIDDEN VOICES COLONEL JOHN HUTCHINSON 27 AN IMPRESSION OF NOTTINGHAM CASTLE CASTLE OF NOTTINGHAM AN IMPRESSION (COURTESY OF WWW.NOTTSHISTORY.ORG.UK) OF WWW.NOTTSHISTORY.ORG.UK) (COURTESY or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit

A Nottinghamshire Village in War and Peace: and Peace: Village in War Bennett, M. (ed.), A Nottinghamshire Hutchinson’s personal correspondence also troopssuggests that his fewexperienced very action.losses in military On 23 November 1645, the committeemen who had denounced Colonel who had denounced 1645, the committeemen On 23 November It would be misguided, therefore, to suggest that Nottingham experienced that Nottingham experienced suggest to be misguided, therefore, It would

The Accounts of the Constables of Upton, 1640-1666, (Nottingham, 1995). of Upton, of the Constables The Accounts of Governor of Colonel Hutchinson, of the Life C. H. Firth (ed.), Memoirs H. (ed.), Records W. 1906). Stevenson, (London, Lucy, his widow Nottingham, by 1625-1702, (Nottingham, 1900). Butler, of Nottingham, vol.5, of the Borough of the Thoroton Transactions of Nottingham’, Defences R.M., ‘The Civil War between and the disputes R., ‘Colonel Hutchinson Seddon, P. vol.53. Society, analysed’, 1643-45: New evidence Parliamentarians, the Nottinghamshire (1994). vol.98, of Nottinghamshire, Society of the Thoroton Transactions 1937) (Oxford, in the English Civil War, Wood, A., Nottinghamshire www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit Further Reading: Thomas Pert University of Birmingham go to visit in sickness, and to be sparing therein… for fear of the sickness.” of the sickness.” fear for sparing therein… be and to visit in sickness, go to was military of personnel number of deaths that the it appears Likewise, note specifically church of St. Peter’s records The parish surprisingly few. and constructing cabins outside the town for infected persons. persons. infected for outside the town cabins and constructing destroyed” Records 1646 as the Borough until late practised clearly were Such measures whom they be very careful “to were constables town that in May 1646 show him a Burgess voted previously less than a year Parliament to Hutchinson and the State to his place in good service and citing his “faithful of the town in overcoming successful ultimately was that Hutchinson . It is clear garrison” the support of maintaining in his dual responsibilities, he faced the obstacles as ensuring that every as well and soldiers attempt most of the townspeople of the accusations Indeed, despite failed. the town seize to the Royalists by that the it is highly unlikely committeemen, his fellow by mismanagement confirmed have Nottingham would regarding sub-committee parliamentary on of any “the managing and carrying singular authority in Hutchinson’s carrying out 1644 had he not been adequately in November design or service” with the disputes for is best remembered his duties. Although the Governor a high degree maintain ability to Hutchinson’s Committeemen, his fellow assist implement unpopular policies to to of support whilst being required as success considerable his demonstrates efforts and national war the local 1643-46. of Nottingham between and the town of the castle governor when a soldier was buried and between June 1643 and September 1645 1643 and September June buried and between when a soldier was solely negative effects from the Parliamentary occupation. Although a Parliamentary occupation. the from effects solely negative also population, it made demands on the local permanent military presence by enemy and plunder of attack threat an unchecked from protection offered the forces by during the war practised was Quarter’ although ‘Free Also, forces. in that this occurred suggest to is no evidence Association, there of the Eastern at Nottingham levied the Committee in London, Nottingham. Indeed, unlike contributing in crafts of those employed the wages meet assessments to general who earned headers such as gunsmiths and pike of the garrison, the defence to was effort that a conscious suggests This 1s. 6d. and 1s. 2d. per day respectively. relations cordial maintain men to committee and his fellow Hutchinson made by the military and civilian populations in Nottinghamshire. between these records list only thirteen soldiers, including two officers, as having officers, two including soldiers, list only thirteen these records that his troops also suggests correspondence personal died. Hutchinson’s very losses in military action. few experienced COLONEL JOHN HUTCHINSON JOHN COLONEL 26 HIDDEN VOICES NEWS AND NOTICES 29

STONE NOTTINGHAM HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN 1928 WOMEN FOR HOSPITAL NOTTINGHAM STONE (COURTESY NOTTINGHAM HISTORICAL FILM UNIT). HISTORICAL NOTTINGHAM (COURTESY DUCHESS OF PORTLAND LAYING THE FOUNDATION THE FOUNDATION LAYING OF PORTLAND DUCHESS 0044-1-509-222999 0044-1-509-222991 We are holding a Community History Day We are there is also an account of the career of Walter of Walter of the career is also an account there arrested who was grandson), (Sigmund’s Freud during his chemistry at Loughborough exam in the but ended the war interned then College, and much more. Exective, Special Operation contributions. We welcome University) at Burleigh Court (Loughborough 21st June, 10.00 am - 5.00 pm. on Sunday, at Ette Karen contact Entry but please is free come. to want if you [email protected] www.lboro-history-heritage.org.uk Robert Knight History Department of Politics, and International Relations Loughborough University Tel: THURGARTON PRIORY 1921 (COURTESY C.E. COULTHARD) 1921 (COURTESY PRIORY THURGARTON

Pictures supplied by Picture the Past (www.picturethepast.org.uk ) (www.picturethepast.org.uk the Past Picture by supplied Pictures Nick Hayes Trent University Nottingham

BY NICK HAYES foster discussion about the history discussion about the and foster and Charnwood of Loughborough heritage individuals interested bringing together by and groups sharing information for a platform provide history and heritage about local between collaboration enhance and community University Loughborough history organisations •  •  •  Our features range from the Loughborough the Loughborough from range Our features The Loughborough History and The Loughborough Workhouse Elections of 1893 to Indian Thought Workhouse Elections of 1893 to by (a talk Macaulay of Lord and the shadow Temple); Bayly at Rothley Sir Christopher Our aim is to: Heritage Network was launched in was Network Heritage 2014 as a collaboration December University Loughborough between Museum. and Charnwood or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit

Sometimes it difficult – and it Sometimes database The Nottingham Civil Society tracks some 3,000 individuals: those who some tracks time consuming – to track down down track – to time consuming individuals and on local details if you’re Now, organisations. in the Nottingham researching century, half of the twentieth first easier. just got things have SPONSORED BY Loughborough History and Heritage Network Want to find out to find Want who ran about Nottingham? Historians, and indeed politicians, have long argued that as cities got that as cities got long argued indeed politicians, have and Historians, were involved in city politics, who were magistrates, Poor Law guardians or Law guardians Poor magistrates, in city politics, who were involved were orphanages, hospitals, the city’s like institutions of the local many who ran organisations. voluntary and other important institute the mechanics’ libraries, a with they (frequently lived of what they did, where will find details you Here died, and they’d much they how left after of their house), sometimes picture by search to be able, also, You’ll which they belonged. to the organisations the types of people changed these, and whether see who ran to institution, class or gender by or filter profession, by also search can You time. through lived or lawyers the doctors find out where to want if you example, (so for you). will show base then the data – countryside the suburbs or surrounding out into – as people moved bigger that as too, argued, diminished. It’s with city affairs then their involvement affluent – became the more people – particularly grew, state of the the size They or civic duty. work charitable for volunteer to reluctant increasingly its actually one today, If the story sounds a familiar disengaged. more became this database Using century. nineteenth the late to back traced be origins can that graphs own your constructing true or not by this was see whether can you any have If you help contribute. can time. Finally you across change show me know. then let in the database on any of the individuals listed information www.nottingham-elites.org.uk Visit

The online publication has been edited by Dr Pamela Fisher, the Fisher, Dr Pamela by has been edited The online publication is The village Mowbray. of Melton west miles three is a parish Bellars Kirby series. Leicestershire VCH of a revived is the first Bellars on Kirby The work until in 2008 in Leicestershire research had been no further 1964 there Since A history of the parish of Kirby Bellars is now available available now is Bellars of Kirby A history of the parish Alan Fox of the Centre for English Local History in the Fellow Honorary Visiting School of Historical Studies at the University of Leicester Leicestershire VCH coordinator, and at a national level by Dr Adam Chapman of Dr Adam and at a national level by coordinator, VCH Leicestershire of London. at the University Research of Historical the Institute people in the and retired commuters the building of houses for small despite period it had one of the in the medieval However recently. 1960s and more the priory, of an Augustinian the site and was populations in the county largest the Beler in 1315. In this account Sir Roger by founded of which was forerunner versions. some earlier contradicts earthworks of the resulting interpretation when century in the seventeenth occurred loss of population The dramatic his around a park create to of the village part of the manor destroyed the lord newly-built mansion. in 1899, with the aim of writing the project as a national originated The VCH In Queen Victoria. to dedicated of England, and was history of all the counties II on the 60th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth to rededicated was 2012 the VCH the original title. In Leicestershire retain decided to but it was her accession, were volumes Five in fits and starts. went on the original project progress G. of W. 1954 and 1964 under the leadership of them between four produced, in many of the Leicestershire available Copies are Hoskins and R. A. McKinley. of the topics mainly general books contain three The first libraries. county volume The fourth history and transport. such as ecclesiastical whole county, parish by parish volume is a and the fifth about the city of Leicester is entirely of the county. in the south-east Hundred of Gartree account writing a history the project, with the aim of eventually revive decided to it was established was Trust VCH The Leicestershire of every in the county. parish as president. of the county, Lieutenant Lord Lady Gretton, with Jennifer, as the appointed was of Leicester, at the University Fisher, Dr Pamela and researchers volunteer training for workshops She provided coordinator. in and work 27 parishes investigating are 38 volunteers present At writers. is another major project There mentioned above. is on the website progress area. Forest of the Charnwood the parishes researching online at www.victoriacountyhistory.ac.uk/counties/ then click on ‘Kirby in progress’; ; click on ‘work leicestershire County Victoria for and written It has been researched Bellars’. an Honorary Dr Alan Fox, by Leicestershire History (VCH) History in the English Local for of the Centre Fellow Visiting of Leicester. at the University Studies School of Historical

BY ALAN FOX

A parish history: A parish Kirby Bellars

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and notices and News NEWS AND NOTICES AND NEWS 28 HIDDEN VOICES NEWS AND NOTICES 31 ‘ENGINEERING’ AT THE MADE IN MANSFIELD EXHIBITION, MANSFIELD MUSEUM MANSFIELD EXHIBITION, THE MADE IN AT ‘ENGINEERING’ Northampton Museum is currently planning Museum is currently Northampton IN NORTHAMPTONSHIRE: the standard’ ‘raise to A £24 million project IN NOTTINGHAMSHIRE: Hall and the Great and restoring is conserving A major project IN RUTLAND: Prison and create a Magna Carta vault in time to celebrate the document’s the document’s celebrate in time to vault a Magna Carta Prison and create 800th anniversary. new and create space that will double the exhibition a £14 million extension spaces. and catering new with retail together facilities, and teaching galleries Strategy; Heritage recent in the city’s feature at Nottingham Castle is a key about the town’s opened a new exhibition Mansfield Museum has recently Museum has launched an interactive Knitters’ industries; and the Framework of crime. think about the consequences people to young video that encourages opportunities learning access, Castle while improving at Oakham Castle Walls county. the for centre a cultural and events, making the site or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit In the next issue of East Midlands History & Heritage we will take a look at the winners in the 2015 a look at the winners we will take & Heritage In the next issue of East Midlands History on 9 June. University Trent at Nottingham be presented to Awards, East Midlands Heritage Other heritage news, Other heritage events and exhibitions around the Midlands In addition to the recently-opened Richard III Visitor III Visitor Richard the recently-opened In addition to IN LEICESTERSHIRE: Castle £22 million has been spent on the ‘Lincoln IN LINCOLNSHIRE: Although Richard III and the Civil War are this year’s this year’s are Civil War III and the Although Richard in the Joseph Wright Institute major investments After IN DERBYSHIRE: INTERACTIVE FILM INTERACTIVE THE FRAMWORK AT MUSEUM, KNITTERS NOTTINGHAM and galleries, Derby Museum & Art Gallery recently opened a new ‘nature’ opened a new ‘nature’ Museum & Art Gallery Derby recently and galleries, residents with local in conjunction designed and produced gallery that was and visitors. to (next in the Guildhall galleries Leicester’ new ‘Medieval are there Centre in the middle ages. life explore to visitors which encourage Cathedral) Leicester the Victorian reinterpret Walk, Wall the Medieval restore to project Revealed’ big stories there are plenty of other interesting heritage heritage plenty of other interesting are there big stories instance: the East Midlands. For developments across

WESTON GALLERY EXHIBITIONS, LAKESIDE ARTS, EXHIBITIONS, LAKESIDE ARTS, GALLERY WESTON OF NOTTINGHAM UNIVERSITY Manuscripts and Special by Jointly curated Gaunt Collections and Dr Richard 2015 6 SEPTEMBER – SUNDAY 22 MAY FRIDAY FREE ADMISSION: Living history day 25 July 2015 Living history (Highfields Park) Join the 5/60th Rifles re-enactment group at their group Join the 5/60th Rifles re-enactment Find out about line infantry, Living History camp. used at Waterloo. and rifle tactics light infantry will be a Drill and firing display at 1pm. There throughout talks The Rifles will be giving informal the take to ready if you’re and the day in the camp, shilling, they will also be recruiting! King’s 5/60TH RIFLES For years Britons commemorated the Battle of Waterloo in a myriad of ways. However, after Wellington’s Wellington’s after However, in a myriad of ways. the Battle of Waterloo commemorated Britons years For was both Waterloo of declined as the legacy commemoration in 1852, official acts of public death why this considers a specialist on Wellington, Dr Russ Foster, and politicised. In this talk, contested this day. to the case remains Commemorating Waterloo 1815-2015 Waterloo 5 August 2015 Commemorating From the ballroom to the battlefield: British women and Waterloo and British women the battlefield: to the ballroom 18 June 2015 From Waterloo of The tactics pounding gentlemen!’ 8 July 2015 ‘Hard According to popular legend, the Battle of Waterloo was won on ‘the playing fields of Eton’. on ‘the playing fields of Eton’. won was the Battle of Waterloo popular legend, to According specialists leading and one of the country’s of Liverpool the University Charles Esdaile, from Professor which delivered and the tactics of the Allied forces command Wellington’s on the subject, re-considers victory’. his ‘immortal On the bicentenary of the Battle of Waterloo, Catriona Kennedy, senior lecturer in history at the University history in at the University senior lecturer Catriona Kennedy, of the Battle of Waterloo, On the bicentenary the Duchess of Richmond’s from in the Battle of Waterloo, played which women the role considers of York, aftermath. in its the battlefield who visited the women to on the eve of the battle, ball famous A bicentenary commemoration of the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815). Charging Charging against – Napoleon Wellington’s in campaign the Peninsular and at Wars Waterloo

www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk or email [email protected] www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk Visit A series of lunchtime talks lunchtime talks A series of (1-2pm) will be held to the exhibition. accompany so limited are Places in advance book please on Office with the Box 0115 846 7777. NEWS AND NOTICES AND NEWS 30 www.eastmidlandshistory.org.uk

Loughborough University

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