Forty-First Annual World Affairs Institute November 18, 2011 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Briefing Paper The World Affairs Institute is a Community Service Project of the World Affairs Council of Pittsburgh and Rotary International World Affairs Council of Pittsburgh 2640 BNY Mellon Center • 500 Grant Street • Pittsburgh, PA 15219-2510 412-281-7970 • fax 412-281-1795 email:
[email protected] • www.worldpittsburgh.org © 2011 World Affairs Council of Pittsburgh The Arab Awakening: A Call for Change in the Middle East and Implications for U.S. Foreign Policy CONTENTS Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…..1 A Survey of American Interests in the Middle East Since 1945…………………………………………………………………….2 Underlying Causes of Revolt..……………..……….……………………………………………………….………………………….4 Revolts Across the Arab Region………….……..…………………………………………………………………….……………….6 Tunisia.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………....6 Egypt..…………………………………………………………………………...……………………………………..…….....6 Yemen...…………………………………………………………………………..……………………………..……………...7 Saudi Arabia...…………………………………………………………..……………………………..……………………….8 Key Articles from The New York Times ………………………………………………………..…………………………..10 Spotlights on the Impact of Social Media and Women Protestors on the Arab Awakening……..………………..…………...12 American Foreign Policy Consequences……………………………………………………………………………..…...………...14 Map from The Economist May 10, 2011. Introduction The Middle East, locally dubbed “the mother of the world” for its contributions to global culture and history, today exhibits