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Fieldwork in West Halton, Lincolnshire, from 2003-09

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Fieldwork in West Halton, Lincolnshire, from 2003-09 This is a repository copy of Fieldwork in West Halton, Lincolnshire, from 2003-09. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/143182/ Monograph: Hadley, Dawn orcid.org/0000-0001-5452-5265, Crewe, Vicky, Howsam, Charlotte et al. (1 more author) (2016) Fieldwork in West Halton, Lincolnshire, from 2003-09. Report. Sheffield. Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) licence. This licence allows you to remix, tweak, and build upon this work non-commercially, and any new works must also acknowledge the authors and be non-commercial. You don’t have to license any derivative works on the same terms. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ FIELDWORK IN WEST HALTON, LINCOLNSHIRE, FROM 2003-2009 By Dawn M. Hadley, Hugh B. Willmott, Vicky A. Crewe and Charlotte L. Howsam With contributions by Rachel Askew, Anne Boyle, Lee Broderick, Andrew Chamberlain, Emma Cooper, Kirstin Dovishak, Fiona Eaglesham, Hilary Fagan, Mark Hall, Paul Halstead, Philip Hansen, Glynis Jones, Vicky Knowles, Diana Mahoney-Swales, Gareth Perry, Meagan Shirley, Ellen Simmons, Kim Vickers, Sarah Viner and Jane Young University of Sheffield 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to the Church Commissioners for England and the Parish Council of West Halton for permission to excavate on the green, and to the Village Hall Committee, especially Mike Johnson and Ken Knott, for access to the village hall and for assistance during our various stays over the period of our excavations. We are also extremely grateful for the interest shown and support offered during our seasons of fieldwork by the inhabitants of West Halton. We are especially grateful to those landowners who permitted the excavation of a test pit in their garden. We would like to thank all of the students and volunteers who participated in the field school at West Halton between 2003 and 2009, without whom the excavations would not have been possible. We are grateful to the excavation and finds processing supervisors over the years, including Camilla Haarby Hansen, Pam Macpherson, Donna Rogers, James Thomson, Vicky Crewe, Alex Cassels, Gareth Perry, Martin Huggon, Jane Ford, Fiona Eaglesham, and Lesley Chapman. We are also grateful for their involvement in the project to various colleagues from the Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, including Glynis Jones, Paul Halstead, Colin Merrony, and Andrew Chamberlain (now of the University of Manchester). We would also like to thank those individuals who contributed to the project by assisting with the post-excavation process, including Jane Young, Anne Boyle, Gareth Perry, Sarah Viner, Ellen Simmons, Lee Broderick, Rachel Askew, Kim Vickers, Mark Hall, Vicky Knowles, Fiona Eaglesham, Victoria Worthington, Alannah Rasen, Meagan Shirley, Hilary Fagan, Kristin Dovishak, Bethany Hardcastle, Paula Allen, and Philip Hansen. We are grateful to Chris Lewis for advice on the Earldom of Chester and on the later medieval history of the manor. Thanks also go to Mike Hemblade and Alison Williams of North Lincolnshire HER, Kurt Adams of the Portable Antiquities Scheme, and Kevin Leahy of North Lincolnshire Museum for their invaluable support and guidance, and to Jane Grenville who kindly gave permission for access to the archive of the 1983 excavation. We would like to acknowledge the Royal Archaeological Institute, Medieval Settlement Research Group, the Antiquaries Society, and the British Academy for their generous contributions towards the costs of the excavations and post-excavation analysis. We would like to thank Rachel Askew and Charlotte Howsam for coordinating the final stages of the post-excavation work. Finally, we are grateful to Charlotte Howsam for editing the final report. 2 CONTENTS Acknowledgements 2 Contents 3 1 Introduction10 1.1 The10 site 1.2 Previous research on West Halton 12 1.2.1 The village green 12 1.2.2 The church of St Etheldreda and its vicinity 18 1.2.3 Other parts of the village 20 1.2.4 Elsewhere in the parish 21 1.3 Structure of report 23 Part I: The excavations 25 2 Trench 1 26 2.1 Prehistoric/Bronze Age phase 28 2.2 Anglo-Saxon phase 33 2.3 Late medieval phase 36 2.4 Early post-medieval phase 40 2.5 Summary 44 3 Trench 2 45 3.1 Late medieval/early post-medieval phase 45 3.2 Summary 49 4 Trench 3 51 4.1 Anglo-Saxon phase 51 4.2 Late medieval phase 55 4.3 Summary 56 5 Trench 4 57 3 5.1 Anglo-Saxon phase 59 5.2 Late medieval/early post-medieval phase 59 5.3 Summary 61 6 Trench 5 62 6.1 Prehistoric/Bronze Age phase 63 6.2 Late medieval phase 63 6.3 Modern phase 72 6.4 Summary 73 7 Trench 6 74 7.1 Anglo-Saxon phase 76 7.2 Late medieval/early post-medieval phase 83 7.3 Summary 86 8 Trench 7 89 8.1 Prehistoric/Bronze Age phase 89 8.2 Summary 92 9 Trench 8 93 10 Trench 9 96 10.1 Anglo-Saxon phase 96 10.2 Late medieval phase 99 10.3 Summary 103 11 Trench 10 104 11.1 Late medieval phase 104 11.2 Summary 107 12 Trench 11 108 12.1 Prehistoric/Bronze Age phase 108 12.2 Anglo-Saxon phase 110 12.3 Late medieval phase 112 12.4 Summary 113 13 Trench 12 114 13.1 Prehistoric/Bronze Age phase 114 4 13.2 Anglo-Saxon phase 116 13.3 Late medieval/early post-medieval phase 124 13.4 Modern phase 126 13.5 Summary 127 14 Trench 13 128 14.1 Anglo-Saxon phase 128 14.2 Late medieval/early post-medieval phase 129 14.3 Summary 129 15 Trench 14 132 15.1 Post-medieval phase 132 15.2 Summary 134 16 Discussion 135 16.1 Prehistoric/Bronze Age phase 135 16.2 Anglo-Saxon phase 136 16.3 Late medieval phase 147 16.4 Conclusion 153 Part II: Specialist reports 154 17 The pottery 155 17.1 Pottery code names 155 17.2 Pottery, 2003 by Anne Boyle and Jane Young 156 17.2.1 Pottery 156 17.2.2 Discussion 160 17.3 Pottery archive, 2003 by Anne Boyle and Jane Young 160 17.4 Pottery, 2004 by Jane Young 177 17.5 The pottery from excavations on West Halton village green by Anne Boyle and Jane Young 180 17.5.1 Introduction 180 17.5.2 Methodology 180 17.5.3 The pottery 180 5 17.5.4 Discussion 189 17.6 Pottery archive, 2005 by Anne Boyle and Jane Young 189 17.7 An analysis of the pottery from ditch systems at the multi-period site of West Halton, North Lincolnshire by Gareth Perry 208 17.7.1 The site 208 17.7.2 The pottery 208 17.7.3 Site chronology 216 17.7.4 Conclusions 217 17.8 Anglo-Saxon pottery archive, 2003-09 by Gareth Perry 217 17.9 Small finds by Charlotte L. Howsam 264 17.9.1 Pottery 264 17.9.2 Tile 264 18 The clay pipes 265 18.1 General report on the clay pipes, 2003-2009 by Charlotte L. Howsam, Hilary Fagan and Emma Cooper 265 19 The baked clay 266 19.1 General report of the baked clay, 2003-2009 by Charlotte L. Howsam, Hilary Fagan and Emma Cooper 266 19.1.1 Small finds 266 20 The worked stone 267 20.1 General report on the worked stone, 2003-2009 by Charlotte L. Howsam, Hilary Fagan and Emma Cooper 267 20.1.1 Small finds 267 20.1.2 Other finds 268 21 Gaming pieces 269 21.1 West Halton, North Lincolnshire: initial report on gaming pieces with recommendations by Mark A Hall 269 21.1.1 Descriptions 269 21.1.2 Comment/discussion 270 21.1.3 Recommendations 272 22 The glass 273 22.1 Report on the glass excavated in 2003 by Hugh Willmott 273 6 22.1.1 Vessel glass 273 22.1.2 Window glass and lead cames 273 22.2 General report on the glass, 2003-2009 by Charlotte L. Howsam, Hilary Fagan and Emma Cooper 275 22.2.1 Small finds 276 22.2.2 Other finds 278 23 The copper-alloy and iron finds 282 23.1 The iron and copper alloy, 2003 by Hugh Willmott 282 23.2 General report on the copper-alloy finds, 2003-2009 by Charlotte L. Howsam, Meagan Shirley and Philip H. W. B. Hansen 283 23.2.1 Small finds 284 23.2.2 Metal-detected finds 287 23.3 General report on the iron objects, 2003-2009 by Charlotte L. Howsam, Hilary Fagan, Emma Cooper, Megan Shirley and Paula Allen 290 23.3.1 Small finds 290 23.3.2 Other finds 294 24 Metalworking slag 299 24.1 General report on the metalworking slag, 2003-2009 by Charlotte L. Howsam, Philip H. W. B. Hansen and Kirstin Dovishak 299 25 The lead finds 305 25.1 General report on the lead, 2003-2009 by Charlotte L. Howsam, Philip H. W. B. Hansen and Kirstin Dovishak 305 25.1.1 Small finds 306 25.1.2 Other finds 306 26 The animal bone 310 26.1 Animal bones, 2003 by Paul Halstead 310 26.2 Faunal remains from Anglo-Saxon West Halton by Sarah Viner 312 26.2.1 Background and previous work 312 26.2.2 Preservation 312 26.2.3 Methods 313 26.2.4 Overview of the assemblage 315 26.2.5 Discussion 322 7 26.2.6 Conclusion 323 26.3 Note on animal bone from SFB (12089) in Trench 12 and context (6191) in Trench 6 by Kim Vickers 324 26.3.1 Introduction 324 26.3.2 Methods 324 26.3.3 SFB (12089) 331 26.3.4 Context (6191) 339 26.3.5 Discussion 341 26.3.6 Conclusions 343 26.4 Analysis of the faunal material excavated between 2003 and 2007 from West Halton, Lincolnshire by Lee Broderick 343 26.4.1 The data 344 26.4.2 Results 344 26.4.3 Interpretations 344 26.4.4 Conclusions 352 26.5 General report on the worked and unworked animal bone, 2003-2009 by Charlotte L.
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