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HEREFORD and WORCESTER Much of the Circuit of Thirteenth-Century Walls Parts of the Adjoining Waljs

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HEREFORD and WORCESTER Much of the Circuit of Thirteenth-Century Walls Parts of the Adjoining Waljs Hampshire 78 SOUTHWICK tall octagonal turret in stone and red brick - and large-scale rebuilding of Southampton, formerly the angle tower of the gatehouse - and HEREFORD AND WORCESTER much of the circuit of thirteenth-century walls parts of the adjoining walJs. The present Warb­ sun·ives, particularly along Western Esplanade, lington House is a post-Civil_ War building Hereford and Worcester saw frequent fighti d · behind Queen's Way and by Platform Road and 1 which stands to the east of the site of the Tudor region was secured for the King at the be;!n;",; n;ft~~~pening mo!lths of the Civil War until the Orchard Place; three of the original town gates 3 manor-house. thereafter and was one of the last counties in En iand · It. rem~ined overwhelmingly Royalist and several mural towers also survive. became the centre of renewed Royalist activ · g A to remain solidly loyal to the King. The area 65 Winchester (SU4829) Town and castle changed Ro'>:alist armJ'. entered the county and establis~~d~hei~~sQt k 1 as Charles Stuart.and his Scottish Southwick (SU6208J Richard Norton, .the hands several times in the course of the Civil thetr destruction at the Battle of Worcester was l d by C er~i The campaign which culminated in Parliamentary soldier and politician, inherited War as first one side and then the other gained area covered by the modern county. e romwe ' his one clearly recorded visit to the Southwick Park, formerly the estate of a twelfth­ control of central Hampshire. In December century Augustinian priory. The gr~at h_ouse, which incorporated parts of the old priory itself, 1642 Waller seized the town and quickly over­ whelmed the small Royalist garrison which had (50506330) Some sources was destroyed by fire around 1750 and the Aconbury Camp Mar~h 1644. On 17 April the Parliamentary present Southwick House dates from the taken refuge in the castle. The Parliamentarians suggest that this lar~e Iron Age hill-fort, west­ garrison surrendered the by then badly damaged soon moved on and the Royalists returned. south-west of the village, was reoccupied and nineteenth century. ~nd u~dermined castle. Brampton Bryan was Although Waller attacked the town again in refortified during the Civil War. 1m_med1ately razed and little more than the The Vyne (SU637568J The Vyne is an early spring 1643 he was driven off by a relieving ruined gatehouse (private property) survives. In Tudor red brick mansion, extended by the force and Winchester remained in the King's Bewdley (S07875) The town was important the 1650s stone from the demolished castle was Chute family during the seventeenth and eight­ hands. By summer 1645 the town was one of the during the Civil War as it commanded one of the used to rebuild the adjoining Church of St eenth centuries. Chaloner Chute, lawyer, Parlia­ few important bases in central southern England few bridges across the Severn. Lord Wharton ~arnabas, which had been occupied as a Par­ mentarian, MP and Speaker of Richard Crom­ still held by the King and as such it became one secured the place for Parliament in September liamentary outpost in 1642-43 and wrecked by well's Protectorate Parliament, acquired the of Cromwell's main targets during his Hamp­ 1642 but by the end of the year it had fallen the Royalist bombardment of 1643 44. to the King and it remained in Royalist hands house at the beginning of the 1650s and resided shire campaign. He arrived before Winchester According to tradition a violent storm on 3 here until his death in 1659. He was responsible on 28 September, overran the town on the for well over a year. In April 1644 Col. Fox September 1658, which toppled many of the for adding the grand north portico, often de­ following day and laid siege to the large and well and a 60-strong detachment for Edgbaston took trees in the grounds of the ruined castle, was scribed as the earliest domestic portico in Eng­ supplied Royalist garrison which had taken the town; they arrived before Bewdley in the caused by the Devil dragging Cromwell through early evening, cooly bluffed their way past the land. refuge in the castle. Five days of heavy bombard­ the park on his way down to Hell. The Devil As a memorial to Speaker Chute, a tomb ment from all sides severely damaged the outer guards on the bridge and at the east end of supposedly returns every 3 September to ram­ page through the grounds with Cromwell's soul. chamber was added in the late eighteenth cen­ defences of the castle and induced the Royalists the town and then overpowered the surprised tury to the medieval chapel which adjoins the to open negotiations. The 700-man garrison and gullible garrison. They proceeded to cap­ ture the governor, Sir Thomas Littleton, and the Broadway (SP0937) According to tradition, house. Inside is a magnificent monument by surrendered to Cromwell on 6 October. The Cromwell stayed at the Lygon Arms, formerly Thomas Carter portraying Chute lying on his damaged castle was slighted by Parliament after other senior officers, who had retired for the night to Tickenhill Manor, just outside the the Whyte Harte, at some point during his side, his head propped up on an elbow, dressed the war and today little remains of the once Worcester campaign. The well preserved Tudor 1n his official ?peaker's robes and with his large mighty fortress begun by William I and greatly town. Fox made no attempt to hold the town and returned at once to Birmingham with his building in brown stone contains a room, deco­ hat beside him. (In fact, Chute died at his extended by his successors. The Great Hall rated with seventeenth-century plasterwork and London house at Little Sutton and probably lies alone survived demolition, and is now one of the prisoners. He probably destroyed the town's defences as he left, for neither side garrisoned a fine Stuart fireplace, in which Cromwell sup­ not h~re but in St Nicholas's, Chiswick.) The finest medieval halls in England. The Roman Bewdley thereafter. No trace of the medieval posedly lodged. Vyne 1s open at weekends and on certain week­ and medieval town walls have also largely dis­ town walls and gates remains and the late days during the summer. ~ppeared, though odd fragments remain, includ­ Canon Frome (506543) Canon Frome Court, medieval bridge across the Severn was ~ong a~o a late Georgian building, stands on the site of ing a se~tion around College Street, and two of replaced by one of Telford's spans. T1ckenh11l Warblington (SU728055) Margaret Pole the medieval town gates survive, Kingsgate and the demolished fifteenth-century manor-house Manor survives on the hillside beyond Park Countess of Salis?ury, built a large moated Westgate, the latter housing a small museum of which was garrisoned for the King during the Lane, its Georgian exterior concealing the late manor-house here 1n ~he early sixteenth century. local history. Civil War. On 22 June 1645 the stronghold was The house was garrisoned for Parliament by medieval and Tudor building which was once ~ stormed and taken by Leven's S~ots, w~o put On a hillside to the south-west of the town royal manor and a meeting place for the Council Col. Norton in January 1644 but fell to Hopton (SU460278) is an earthwork known variously as governor Barnard and most of his garrison to later 1n the year following a siege and bombard­ Cromwell's or Oliver's Battery or Cromwell's of the Marches. the sword. ment. The Roy~lists made no attempt to hold Camp, supposedly a gun emplacement thrown the place, possibly because it had been badly Brampton Bryan (S0370726) A Parliamen­ Croft Castle (50449654> The . Welsh _border up by Cromwell at the end of September 1645. tary outpost in a largely Royalist area, the small ~amaged during the bombardment, and Warb­ However, the site is a very long way from the castle was garrisoned by both sides d1;r1ng ~e lingt?n playe~ no further part in the war. Today castle held out heroically for many months. It Civil War as a minor outpost guar ing e town and castle and the association seems was occupied for Parliament in and de­ nothing remains of the Tudor mansion except a doubtful. 164~ northern approaches to Hereford._ The fine late fended by Brilliana, Lady Harley, against Vava­ medieval fortified manor-house, with roundd cod sour's besieging Royalists for much of the fol­ ner towers in pink stone, was rest~re an . the eighteenth and nineteenth lowing year - the King's men lacked hea~y II d remo d.e e Thein richly decorated house ts· open to artillery and were unable to batte~ down . t e centuries. kd d · g the sum- outer walls. After a brief winter respite the sie~e the public on certain wee ays unn and bombardment were renewed by Col. Woo . - mer. house with greater energy and larger guns in Hereford and Worcester 80 ELDERSFIELD Hereford and \i.'orcester Royalists here and pursued them back towards Elders field (SOS OJ I l A decisive skirmish, Raglan. kno\\'ll variously as the Battle of Eldersfield or Redn1arley, was fought in open land somewhere Goodrich Castle (S05719J The medie 1 b•rv:een these two villages on 27 July 1644. Col. castle was held for Parliament by the Earl va f 1'iynne's 1,000-strong Royalist force spent the Stamford during 1643 but by December Roya~­ night of 26-27 July in Redmarley (Glos), awa1t­ ist pressure in the area had compelled the Parlia­ ing the arrival of reinforcements from Worcester mentarians to withdraw into Gloucester and the before continuing south to attack Gloucester.
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