Challenges of Modelling Surface Mass Balance
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Reconstructions of Antarctic Topography Since the Eocene–Oligocene T Boundary ⁎ Guy J.G
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 535 (2019) 109346 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Reconstructions of Antarctic topography since the Eocene–Oligocene T boundary ⁎ Guy J.G. Paxmana, , Stewart S.R. Jamiesona, Katharina Hochmuthb,c, Karsten Gohlb, Michael J. Bentleya, German Leitchenkovd,e, Fausto Ferracciolif a Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, UK b Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Sciences, Bremerhaven, Germany c School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK d Institute for Geology and Mineral Resources of the World Ocean, St. Petersburg, Russia e Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia f British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK ABSTRACT Accurate models of past Antarctic ice sheet behaviour require realistic reconstructions of the evolution of bedrock topography. However, other than a preliminary attempt to reconstruct Antarctic topography at the Eocene–Oligocene boundary, the long-term evolution of Antarctica's subglacial topography throughout its glacial history has not previously been quantified. Here, we derive new reconstructions of Antarctic topography for four key time slices in Antarctica's climate andglacial history: the Eocene–Oligocene boundary (ca. 34 Ma), the Oligocene–Miocene boundary (ca. 23 Ma), the mid-Miocene climate transition (ca. 14 Ma), and the mid- Pliocene warm period (ca. 3.5 Ma). To reconstruct past topography, we consider a series of processes including ice sheet loading, volcanism, thermal subsidence, horizontal plate motion, erosion, sedimentation and flexural isostatic adjustment, and validate our models where possible using onshore and offshore geological constraints. Our reconstructions show that the land area of Antarctica situated above sea level was ~25% larger at the Eocene–Oligocene boundary than at the present-day. -
Geologic Map of the Davis Valley Quadrangle and Part of the Cordiner Peaks Quadrangle, Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica
-0 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE DAVIS VALLEY QUADRANGLE AND PART OF THE CORDINER PEAKS QUADRANGLE, PENSACOLA MOUNTAINS, ANTARCTICA By Arthur B. Ford, Dwight L. Schmidt, and Walter W. Boyd, Jr. Prepared by the U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY under the auspices of the NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION -N V'l 0 0 0 0 U.S. ANTARCTIC RESEARCH PROGRAM MAP Published by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1978 G GEOLOGIC MAP SYMBOLS COMMONLY USED ON MAPS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (Special symbols are shown in explanation) Contact-Dashed where approximately Strike and dip of beds-Ball indicates located; short dashed where inferred; top of beds known from sedimentary dotted where concealed structures _1!_ Inclined EB Horizontal Contact-Showing dip; well exposed at -+- Vertical Overturned triangle -..J!. Strike and dip of foliation Fault-Dashed where approximately located; short dashed where inferred; ~ Inclined -+·Vertical +Horizontal dotted where concealed Strike and dip of cleavage Fault, showing dip-Ball and bar on ~ Inclined ~Vertical +Horizontal downthrown side Bearing and plunge of lineation Normal fault-Hachured on down '~Inclined • Vertical - Horizontal thrown side Strike and dip of joints Fault-Showing relative horizontal -~ Inclined --Vertical +Horizontal movement Note: Planar symbols (strike and dip + + + + + + Thrust fault-Sawteeth on upper plate of beds, foliation or schistosity, and cleav age) may be combined with linear symbols to record data observed at ~ Anticline-Showing direction of plunge; same locality by superimposed symbols dashed where approximately located; at point of observation. Coexisting dotted where concealed planar symbols are shown intersecting at point of observation. -
Trip Report February 2-19, 2019 | Written by Woody Wheeler
Antarctica | Trip Report February 2-19, 2019 | Written by Woody Wheeler With Host Guides John Carlson, Lori Cohen and Woody Wheeler and participants Alan, Alberto, Anna, Bill, Candace, David, Deborah, Denise, Gail, Glenn, Henry, Joan, John R., John S., Karen, Lieven, Mary, Pat, Sarah, and Syd Naturalist Journeys, LLC | Caligo Ventures PO Box 16545 Portal, AZ 85632 PH: 520.558.1146 | 800.426.7781 Fax 650.471.7667 naturalistjourneys.com | caligo.com [email protected] | [email protected] Sat., Feb. 2 | Fly to Port Stanley, Falkland Islands We flew from Punta Arenas to the Falkland Islands on a relatively calm, sunny day for this windy area; a smooth flight on a comfortable LATAM jet. The bus driver who shuttled us from the airport to Port Stanley mixed interpretation with humor. One of his jokes was that he prefers to think of Argentina as Eastern Chile. Clearly, since the Falklands War of 1982, there has been a significant effort to mark the islands as a British stronghold. Some 3,000 live on these windswept islands supported by an economy of fishing, agriculture, and tourism. We spent a few hours in the quaint town of Port Stanley, with its impressive museum and well-preserved historical buildings, all with a distinct British appearance. Along the town shore we saw our first penguin of the trip, a Magellanic Penguin, along with a Chilean Skua, Kelp Goose and a Black-crowned Night Heron. We then boarded our substantial, comfortable and well-appointed ship, the Akademic Ioffe. Once we checked into our respective quarters, we went through an orientation and safety drill. -
Phytoplankton Composition and Bloom Formation in Unexplored Nearshore Waters of the Western Antarctic Peninsula
Polar Biology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-019-02564-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Phytoplankton composition and bloom formation in unexplored nearshore waters of the western Antarctic Peninsula Martina Mascioni1,2 · Gastón O. Almandoz1,2 · Adrián O. Cefarelli3,4 · Allison Cusick5 · Martha E. Ferrario1,2 · Maria Vernet5 Received: 14 January 2019 / Revised: 27 June 2019 / Accepted: 22 August 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract The western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is one of the most productive regions in the Southern Ocean. However, little is known about the phytoplankton composition in nearshore waters, in fords and channels between 63º and 67°S, where Antarctic krill and baleen whales are conspicuous. This study represents the frst attempt to describe spatial and temporal composition of the phytoplankton community (species, cell concentration, phytoplankton biomass) in twelve relatively unexplored nearshore sites of the WAP. Sampling was carried out in the frame of a Citizen Science project during late summer of 2016 and dur- ing the spring–summer 2016–2017. Species identifcation and enumeration were performed by light and scanning electron microscopy and phytoplankton carbon biomass was estimated by using cell-volume conversion. The highest phytoplankton abundance and biomass values were found in December-January, and were mainly represented by nanophytofagellates (2–20 µm). Cryptophytes were more abundant in early summer and prasinophyceans in late summer. The abundance of large bloom-forming diatoms was unexpectedly low. Three blooming fagellated taxa were found during the sampling season, chronologically: Pyramimonas sp. in Neko Harbor (March 3, 2016, 1.4 × 106 cells L−1, and 327 µgC L −1), cryptophytes in Wilhelmina Bay (December 14, 2016, 6.4 × 106 cells L−1, and 97.5 µgC L−1) and unidentifed unarmored dinofagellates near Danco Island (December 18, 2016, 9.5 × 106 cells L −1, and 1597 µgC L −1). -
The Transantarctic Mountains These Watercolor Paintings by Dee Molenaar Were Originally Published in 1985 with His Map of the Mcmurdo Sound Area of Antarctica
The Transantarctic Mountains These watercolor paintings by Dee Molenaar were originally published in 1985 with his map of the McMurdo Sound area of Antarctica. We are pleased to republish these paintings with the permission of the artist who owns the copyright. Gunter Faure · Teresa M. Mensing The Transantarctic Mountains Rocks, Ice, Meteorites and Water Gunter Faure Teresa M. Mensing The Ohio State University The Ohio State University School of Earth Sciences School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center and Byrd Polar Research Center 275 Mendenhall Laboratory 1465 Mt. Vernon Ave. 125 South Oval Mall Marion, Ohio 43302 Columbus, Ohio 43210 USA USA [email protected] [email protected] ISBN 978-1-4020-8406-5 e-ISBN 978-90-481-9390-5 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-9390-5 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010931610 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover illustration: A tent camp in the Mesa Range of northern Victoria Land at the foot of Mt. Masley. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) We dedicate this book to Lois M. Jones, Eileen McSaveny, Terry Tickhill, and Kay Lindsay who were the first team of women to conduct fieldwork in the Transantarctic Mountains during the 1969/1970 field season. -
South Georgia & Antarctica
ANTARCTIC 2021.22 FALKLANDS (MALVINAS), SOUTH GEORGIA & ANTARCTICA Explorers and Kings Contents 1 Overview 2 Itinerary 5 Arrival and Departure Details 7 Your Ship Options 9 Included Activities 10 Adventure Options 11 Dates and Rates 12 Inclusions and Exclusions 13 Your Expedition Team 13 Extend Your Trip 15 Meals on Board 13 Possible Excursions 21 Packing Checklist Overview Falklands (Malvinas), South Georgia & Antarctica: Explorers and Kings The Antarctic region offers so many extraordinary things to see and do, and traveling with Quark Expeditions offers multiple options to personalize your experience. We’ve designed this guide to help you identify what interests you most, so that you can start planning your version of the perfect Antarctic expedition. The Falklands (Malvinas), South Georgia & Antarctica itinerary is the fastest way to get to the rarely visited Falkland Islands and South Georgia before stepping foot on the EXPEDITION IN BRIEF 7th Continent. Stroll the quaint English village of Stanley in the Falklands, wander the Wander the quaint British town of Stanley in the Falkland Islands islands’ sandy dunes, and birdwatch at rugged seabird cliffs. In South Georgia, discover (Islas Malvinas) the beaches where king penguins breed – one of the highest densities of animal life on See South Georgia’s incredible wildlife, including 30 breeding bird earth – and learn about the rich historical legacy of the places you visit. Both islands species and four penguin species are known as meccas for wildlife with epic displays of animals congregating by the Follow in the wake of Sir Ernest thousands. Then, explore the stunning Antarctic Peninsula and enter a world of ice, Shackleton’s perilous voyages to South Georgia and pause for a snow and natural wonders. -
Antarctica: Men, Women and Children Wanted for Hazardous Journey 5/24/16, 5:11 PM
Antarctica: Men, Women and Children Wanted for Hazardous Journey 5/24/16, 5:11 PM Edition: US Like 7.2M Follow FRONT PAGE POLITICS BUSINESS ENTERTAINMENT MEDIA TASTE STYLE GREEN HUFFPOST LIVE ALL SECTIONS Get a Coupon THE BLOG Antarctica: Men, Women and Children Wanted for Hazardous Journey 05/24/2016 01:58 pm ET Like 2 Richard Powell Freelance Journalist Few travelers have visited the world’s seventh continent, but now anyone can experience the most inhospitable place on Earth on a specialist tour. Richard Powell wraps up for an expedition. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-powell/antarctica-men-women-and-_b_10065382.html Page 1 of 12 Antarctica: Men, Women and Children Wanted for Hazardous Journey 5/24/16, 5:11 PM Expedition leaders watch over hikers, high above Neko Harbour “Men wanted for hazardous journey. Low wages, bitter cold, long hours of complete darkness. Safe return doubtful. Honour and recognition in event of success.” So went explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton’s legendary advert in a London newspaper in his bid to gather a team to beat the Norwegians to the South Pole. Graciously, the same trip can be made today in relative safety, even luxury, a hundred years on ... to the extent you can even take your family. Yet despite today’s comparative open access, the Antarctic region remains a mystery to most, drawing comical comments from even the most seasoned sightseers. ‘Watch out for polar bears’, they warned me. But they live in the Arctic. ‘You’ll be landing on ice!’ they said. But Antarctica’s landmass - Earth’s largest wilderness - dwarfs that of the US and Mexico combined, while its northern counterpart is the floating ice sheet. -
Antarctic Peninsula the Extended Expedition to the White Continent 1 to 16 January 2013
ANTA RCTIC PENINSULA T HE E XTENDED EXP EDITION TO THE WHITE C ONTINENT C HEESEMANS’ E C OLOGY S AFARIS E XPEDITION L OG 2013 CHEESEMANS’ ECOLOGY SAFARIS EXPEDITION LOG Antarctic Peninsula The Extended Expedition to the White Continent 1 to 16 January 2013 Markus Eichenberger Willian Draisma Willian Draisma Designed by Debbie Thompson and Kate Spencer Dailies coordinated by Joe Kaplan and written by Tom Fleischner, Jessica Joganic, Rosemary Joganic, Joe Kaplan, Samantha Oester, Christina Prahl, Clemens Vanderwerf, and Shirley West; with contributions from other participants Images by passengers and sta as credited Cover Photo Almirante Brown By Kathy Richardson Back Cover Photo Grandidier Channel By Dustin Richards This Page Photo Almirante Brown By Willian Draisma COPYRIGHT NOTICE Copyright ©2013 Cheesemans’ Ecology Safaris Photographers hold the copyright to their work. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Introduction 1 For over twenty years, Cheesemans’ Ecology Safaris has op- The Expedition 2 erated the longest, most in-depth expeditions to the Ant- arctic region, a destination of supreme splendor and seren- Ushuaia and Embarkation 1 January 4 ity that deserves no less. We are honored that each of you At Sea to The Peninsula 2 January 6 chose to travel with us on this lifetime journey. Much time Half Moon Island 3 January 8 and e ort was invested, most of it “behind the scenes,” to ensure that you had the same life altering experience that Cierva Cove and Danco Island 4 January 10 so many of our previous expedition participants a rm. Cuverville Island and Port Lockroy 5 January 12 On 31 December we celebrated New Year’s Eve in Ushuaia, Antarctic Circle and Detaille Island 6 January 16 Argentina, and then boarded our ship the Ortelius the fol- Hugh Rose David Meeks Petermann and Booth Islands 7 January 18 lowing morning, sailing 2,337 miles over the next 16 days, with 97 passengers, 13 Paradise Bay and Almirante Brown 8 January 22 expedition sta , and the hardworking ship’s crew. -
Abridged Final Report of the Eighteenth Session
World Meteorological Congress Abridged Final Report of the Eighteenth Session Geneva 3–14 June 2019 WEATHER CLIMATE WATER CLIMATE WEATHER WMO-No. 1236 World Meteorological Congress Abridged Final Report of the Eighteenth session Geneva 3–14 June 2019 WEATHER CLIMATE WATER CLIMATE WEATHER WMO-No. 1236 WMO-No. 1236 © World Meteorological Organization, 2019 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chair, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 03 P.O. Box 2300 Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 81 17 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Email: [email protected] ISBN 978-92-63-11236-1 NOTE The designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WMO in preference to others of a similar nature which are not mentioned or advertised. This report contains the text as adopted by Plenary and has been issued without formal editing. Acronyms used in this report may be found in METEOTERM, the WMO terminology database, at http://public.wmo.int/en/resources/meteoterm. -
Boletín Informativo N°2/2017 Del Instituto De Investigaciones Histórico Aeronáuticas De Chile Siminic Ossio, Iván
cur REVISTA SKUA - N°2/2020 - INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES HISTÓRICO AERONÁUTICAS DE CHILE 2 “Chile, fértil provincia, y señalada En la región Antártica famosa, De remotas naciones respetada Por fuerte, principal y poderosa; La gente que produce es tan granada, Tan soberbia, gallarda y belicosa, Que no ha sido por Rey jamás regida Ni a extranjero dominio sometida.” Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga (1569) La Araucana, poema épico basado en la conquista española de esta parte de América del Sur, bautizada como Chile. No sé si hoy se aún se enseñe en nuestros colegios, pero sí sé, que aún se le considera una de las obras de la literatura española, más relevante a nivel mundial. En mí no tan buena memoria, junto a mis no tan esmerados períodos de aplicación escolar, puedo aún recordar con especial cariño, las líneas que elegí para comenzar este editorial. Cuando este 23 de junio se cumple el quincuagésimo noveno aniversario de la entrada en vigor del Tratado Antártico, del cual Chile es uno de los doce países signatarios, se me hace difícil no asociar a esta hermosa pieza con un claro y certero testimonio de identidad como también de herencia geoestratégica. ¿Qué argumentos más válidos podríamos esgrimir, para indicar al mundo, quienes somos y dónde estamos? ¿Hay alguna otra nación, que pueda argumentar alguna pretensión escrita, similar o más antigua, para con la Antártica? REVISTA SKUA - N°2/2020 - INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES HISTÓRICO AERONÁUTICAS DE CHILE 3 Hoy, este nuevo “Skua” continúa el vuelo que iniciamos hace tres meses, a través de los relatos, estudios y experiencias que vuelven a conectar este Chile continental con el Territorio Chileno Antártico, tantas veces desconocido e inexplorado, no sólo conquistado por DERECHO y NATURAL HERENCIA, sino que también por la tenacidad, voluntad y valor de vivirlo, explorarlo y quererlo, territorio dueño de una historia e identidad que forma parte íntegra de la fortaleza e ingenuidad que nos hace y distingue como chilenos. -
Final Report of the Twenty-Ninth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting
Final Report of the Twenty-ninth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE MEETING Final Report of the Twenty-ninth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting Edinburgh, United Kingdom 12 – 23 June 2006 Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty Buenos Aires 2006 Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (29th : 2006 : Edinburgh) Final Report of the Twenty-ninth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 12-23 June 2006. Buenos Aires : Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, 2006. 564 p. ISBN 987-23163-0-9 1. International law – Environmental issues. 2. Antarctic Treaty System. 3. Environmental law – Antarctica. 4. Environmental protection – Antarctica. DDC 341.762 5 ISBN-10: 987-23163-0-9 ISBN-13: 978-987-23163-0-3 CONTENTS Acronyms and Abbreviations 9 I. FINAL REPORT 11 II. MEASURES, DECISIONS AND RESOLUTIONS 49 A. Measures 51 Measure 1 (2006): Antarctic Specially Protected Areas: Designations and Management Plans 53 Annex A: ASPA No. 116 - New College Valley, Caughley Beach, Cape Bird, Ross Island 57 Annex B: ASPA No. 127 - Haswell Island (Haswell Island and Adjacent Emperor Penguin Rookery on Fast Ice) 69 Annex C: ASPA No. 131 - Canada Glacier, Lake Fryxell, Taylor Valley, Victoria Land 83 Annex D: ASPA No. 134 - Cierva Point and offshore islands, Danco Coast, Antarctic Peninsula 95 Annex E: ASPA No. 136 - Clark Peninsula, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land 105 Annex F: ASPA No. 165 - Edmonson Point, Wood Bay, Ross Sea 119 Annex G: ASPA No. 166 - Port-Martin, Terre Adélie 143 Annex H: ASPA No. 167 - Hawker Island, Vestfold Hills, Ingrid Christensen Coast, Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica 153 Measure 2 (2006): Antarctic Specially Managed Area: Designation and Management Plan: Admiralty Bay, King George Island 167 Annex: Management Plan for ASMA No. -
Searcher Studies Sea Ice Breakup by Emily Stone Sun Staff Most People Walking Across Ice Hope It Doesn’T Break
Published during the austral summer at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, for the United States Antarctic Program December 12, 2004 Hanging out on the ice Taking a crack at ice Researcher studies sea ice breakup By Emily Stone Sun staff Most people walking across ice hope it doesn’t break. John Dempsey came to Antarctica to force ice to crack, and then study how it happened. He’s researching the speed and direction of ice cracks, and how cracking is affected by changes in temperature, salinity, and the microstructure of the ice. He is focussed on how warmer ice breaks. Dempsey, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Clarkson University in Potsdam, New York, left McMurdo Saturday after seven weeks here. His field work was done at the group’s sea ice camp, dubbed Stonehenge because of the large, rectangular slabs of ice the researchers stood on end after cutting the slabs to prepare for the experiment. Curious Adelie penguins stopped by every now and then to check out what the group was up to and seals occasionally used holes the group cut to come up for a breath. See Sea ice on page 10 Creative minds, busy hands Off-hours filled with arts and crafts By Kristan Hutchison Sun staff People working in Antarctica tend to be crafty, turning idle hours into productive time. After work, many people keep their hands busy knitting, carving, or otherwise creating. “We’re the kind of folk who can take baling wire and duct tape and turn it into something pretty impressive,” said Barb Watson, instrument technician at Palmer Station, where arts and crafts are perhaps the most popular.