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December 2019 INFORMATION SYSTEMS ISSN: 1946-1836 APPLIED RESEARCH JOURNAL OF Volume 12, Issue 3 December 2019 INFORMATION SYSTEMS ISSN: 1946-1836 APPLIED RESEARCH In this issue: 4. Where We are with Enterprise Architecture Leila Halawi, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Richard McCarthy, Quinnipiac University James Farah, Jacksonville University 14. Dangers of Distracted Driving by Mobile Phone Users: An Experimental Approach Hoon S. Choi, Appalachian State University Jason Xiong, Appalachian State University B. Dawn Medlin, Appalachian State University 24. Changes in the Information Technology Field: A Survey of Current Technologies and Future Importance Jeffrey Cummings, University of North Carolina Wilmington Thomas Janicki, University of North Carolina Wilmington Journal of Information Systems Applied Research 12 (3) ISSN: 1946-1836 December 2019 The Journal of Information Systems Applied Research (JISAR) is a double-blind peer reviewed academic journal published by ISCAP, Information Systems and Computing Academic Professionals. Publishing frequency is three issues a year. The first date of publication was December 1, 2008. JISAR is published online (http://jisar.org) in connection with CONISAR, the Conference on Information Systems Applied Research, which is also double-blind peer reviewed. Our sister publication, the Proceedings of CONISAR, features all papers, panels, workshops, and presentations from the conference. (http://conisar.org) The journal acceptance review process involves a minimum of three double-blind peer reviews, where both the reviewer is not aware of the identities of the authors and the authors are not aware of the identities of the reviewers. The initial reviews happen before the conference. At that point papers are divided into award papers (top 15%), other journal papers (top 30%), unsettled papers, and non-journal papers. The unsettled papers are subjected to a second round of blind peer review to establish whether they will be accepted to the journal or not. Those papers that are deemed of sufficient quality are accepted for publication in the JISAR journal. Currently the target acceptance rate for the journal is about 40%. Questions should be addressed to the editor at [email protected] or the publisher at [email protected]. Special thanks to members of AITP-EDSIG who perform the editorial and review processes for JISAR. 2019 Education Special Interest Group (EDSIG) Board of Directors Jeffry Babb Eric Breimer Leslie J Waguespack Jr. West Texas A&M Siena College Bentley University President Vice President Past President Amjad Abdullat Lisa Kovalchick Niki Kunene West Texas A&M California Univ of PA Eastern Connecticut St Univ Director Director Director Li-Jen Lester Lionel Mew Rachida Parks Sam Houston State University University of Richmond Quinnipiac University Director Director Director Jason Sharp Michael Smith Lee Freeman Tarleton State University Georgia Institute of Technology Univ. of Michigan - Dearborn Director Director JISE Editor Copyright © 2019 by Information Systems and Computing Academic Professionals (ISCAP). Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this journal for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that the copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial use. All copies must bear this notice and full citation. Permission from the Editor is required to post to servers, redistribute to lists, or utilize in a for-profit or commercial use. Permission requests should be sent to Scott Hunsinger, [email protected]. ©2019 ISCAP (Information Systems and Computing Academic Professionals) Page 2 https://jisar.org/; http://iscap.info Journal of Information Systems Applied Research 12 (3) ISSN: 1946-1836 December 2019 Journal of Information Systems Applied research Editors Scott Hunsinger Thomas Janicki Senior Editor Publisher Appalachian State University University of North Carolina Wilmington 2019 JISAR Editorial Board Wendy Ceccucci Li-Jen Lester Quinnipiac University Sam Houston State University Christopher Davis Michelle Louch Univ of South Florida, St. Petersburg Duquesne University Ulku Clark Muhammed Miah Univ of North Carolina Wilmington Tennessee State University Gerald DeHondt Alan Peslak Ball State University Penn State University Catherine Dwyer Doncho Petkov Pace University Eastern Connecticut State University Melinda Korzaan Christopher Taylor Middle Tennessee State University Appalachian State University Lisa Kovalchick Karthikeyan Umapathy California University of Pennsylvania University of North Florida James Lawler Leslie Waguespack Pace University Bentley University Paul Leidig Jason Xiong Grand Valley State University Appalachian State University ©2019 ISCAP (Information Systems and Computing Academic Professionals) Page 3 https://jisar.org/; http://iscap.info Journal of Information Systems Applied Research 12 (3) ISSN: 1946-1836 December 2019 Where We are with Enterprise Architecture Leila Halawi [email protected] Management Information Systems Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach, FL, USA Richard McCarthy [email protected] Computer Information Systems Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT, USA James Farah [email protected] Davis College of Business Jacksonville University Jacksonville, FL USA Abstract Enterprise architecture has been continuously developing since the mid-1980s. Although there is now 35 years of research and use, there is still a lack consistent definitions and standards. This is apparent in the proliferation of so many different enterprise architecture frameworks. Despite the significant body of research, there is a need for standardization of terminology based upon a meta-analysis of the literature. Enterprise architecture programs require commitment throughout an organization to be effective and must be perceived to add value. This research offers an initial basis for researchers who need to expand and continue this research topic with an actual meta-analysis, and for practitioners who would like to use an efficient method for EA projects. Keywords: Enterprise Architecture (EA), frameworks. 1. INTRODUCTION on several associated domains and disciplines, such as systems engineering, organizational Enterprise architecture (EA) is in its adolescent science, industrial engineering and information phase (Bucher, Fischer, Kurpjuweit, & Winter, systems (Laplame, Gerber, Der Merwe, 2006; Schelp, & Stutz, ,2007; Steenbergen, & Zachman, De Vries & Hincklemann, (2016); Brinkkemper, 2008). Like an adolescent, to some Jallow, Demian, Anumba, & Baldwin, 2017). EA it is surprising in its capabilities and to others began in the 1980s and has evolved as a method merely a drain on resources. Enterprise for overseeing the information technology architecture is not new; however, it is also not a resources inside an organization (Steenbergen, & mature discipline. We still have not developed a Brinkkemper, 2008). Its importance continues to standard definition for what it means to an grow (Boar, 1999). De Vies et al. (2014) and organization. You will find many definitions in the Laplame (2012) offered further specific literature and this is disputably since EA draws definitions and debate on the significance and ©2019 ISCAP (Information Systems and Computing Academic Professionals) Page 4 https://jisar.org/; http://iscap.info Journal of Information Systems Applied Research 12 (3) ISSN: 1946-1836 December 2019 meaning of EA. Deriving from the fields of EA produces a different background to present software engineering, software architecture, and decision-making in the IT world. It permits the systems engineering, the EA field struggles to corporation to dispute customary methods that distinguish itself and prove that it is a valuable stop change and to mold enabled situations that undertaking that is able to generate significant interrupt older patterns of control whilst value to the organization. reinventing their critical inputs in a novel way. EA In the 1980s, IBM started to explore ways to involves a socio-technical base, where the human illustrate the organization in an apportioned, part is interlocked with the technological part isolated, and integrated approach while forming a framework for an efficient (Carlson,1979; Carlson, 1980; Zachman, 1987). organizational system (Applebaum, 1997; John Zachman (1987) launched his “Framework Cherns, 1976; Trist, Higgin, Murray, & Pollock, for Information Systems Architecture” which was 1963). In its operational configuration, EA offers later known as the “Framework for Enterprise a paradigm for IT that outlines and connects data, Architecture, (ZFEA)” afterward “Enterprise hardware, software, and communications means, Architecture—A Framework™,” then the as well as sustaining the enterprise (Richardson, “Zachman Framework for Enterprise Jackson & Dickson,1990). EA is valuable to any Architecture,” followed by the “Zachman organization, as it offers the blueprints to Enterprise Architecture Framework,” and lastly advance and create an information system and IT as the “The Zachman Enterprise Framework. inside an organization. EA is a practice and Various present EA frameworks were inspired by developing field meant to advance the the ZFEA such as the Extended Enterprise administration and operation of complex Architecture Framework (E2AF), Enter- prise organizations and their information systems. Architecture Planning (EAP), the Federal Many believe that EA may occupy a primary part Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF) and facilitating the design of future enterprises the Integrated Architecture Framework
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