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Bolton's Flood Risk Management Strategy

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Bolton's Flood Risk Management Strategy Bolton’s Flood Risk Management Strategy Bolton’s Flood Risk Management Strategy www.bolton.gov.uk Ringley Old Bridge over the River Irwell; built 1677. It replaced a previous bridge lost in a flood in 1673. Bolton’s Flood Risk Management Strategy Revision History Revision Ref Amendments Issued to: Version 1, 20/02/13 Draft Report Consultation: Council members, Council Officers, United Utilities and Environment Agency Version 2, 23/05/13 Incorporation of comments by United Utilities & Post Consultation amendments Version 3, 05/07/13 Addition of culvert policy, and comments from Canal and River Trust. Amendments following Flood Re announcement. Copyright © Bolton Council 2013. Bolton’s Flood Risk Management Strategy Bolton’s Flood Risk Management Strategy Foreword by Councillor Nick Peel: The risk of surface water flooding coupled with the predicted changes in climate present challenges we need to prepare for. Flooding when it occurs results in high economic losses, disrupts business and can hit communities hard from which they sometimes struggle to recover from. Through warning and informing the community, making sure development is appropriate for its location, flood defences and watercourses are maintained, we can prevent flooding being worse than it would otherwise be. We will work with our local partners and developers to build drainage systems that are environmentally, economically and socially sustainable. Bolton’s Flood Risk Management Strategy Executive Summary There have been recent developments in the role and responsibilities of upper tier local authorities in managing flood risk. The commencement of the Flood Risk Regulations 2009 and the Flood and Water Management Act 2010 introduces new statutory roles for Bolton Council. The Flood Risk Regulations adopts a new institutional structure for the management of flood risk. The management of local flood risk, involving flooding from surface water, ordinary watercourses, groundwater, canals, lakes and small reservoirs, is now the responsibility of Lead Local Flood Authorities such as Bolton Council. The Flood and Water Management Act places new responsibilities on Bolton Council, the main ones being: Locally leading on flood management. Mapping and registering flood defence assets including those in private ownership. Designating third party assets. A duty to investigate the causes of flooding. The technical approval body for Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS). The management and maintenance of adopted SuDS systems. Bolton Council must develop, maintain, apply and monitor a strategy for local flood risk management in its area for the following forms of flood risk: surface runoff groundwater and ordinary watercourses This strategy sets out how Bolton Council will take on the challenges posed by flood risk by setting local objectives and stating how these will be achieved. It also reflects the needs and priorities identified by local people, business and flood risk partners. The strategy sets out: The risk management authorities in Bolton. The flood risk management functions that may be exercised by those authorities in Bolton. The objectives for managing local flood risk. The measures proposed to achieve those objectives. How and when the measures are expected to be implemented (see appendix D) The assessment of local flood risk for the purpose of the strategy. How and when the strategy is to be reviewed. How the strategy contributes to the achievement of wider environmental objectives. Bolton’s Flood Risk Management Strategy Contents Page No. 1. Introduction 1 2. Legislative Context 5 3. National Strategy 11 4. Guiding Principles of the Local Strategy 13 5. Flood Risk 16 6. Future Changes to Risk 28 7. Wider Social Economic and Environmental issues 33 8. Local Flood Risk Management Strategy 42 9. Flood Risk Management Planning and Funding 56 10. Local Strategy Policies. 60 11. Local Flood Risk Strategic Objectives 63 12. Flood Risk Management Measures and Delivery Actions 64 13. Future Progress 66 Glossary Appendices A What are Sustainable Drainage Systems (Suds) 74 B References / Evidence Base 80 C Culvert Policy 82 D Draft Action Plan 89 Bolton’s Flood Risk Management Strategy Figures Figure 1.1 Map of main rivers Figure 3.1 Managing the risk of flooding Figure 5.1 Map of the Bolton Area Figure 5.2 Bolton’s hydrological connections with other areas. Figure 5.3 The Greater Manchester Flood Risk Area. Figure 5.4 Plan showing areas susceptible to groundwater flooding. Figure 5.5 Plan showing large raised reservoirs that could potentially affect Bolton. Figure 7.1 Local areas that are the most 20% deprived in England and surface water flooding hotspots Figure 7.2 Plan of Agricultural Land Classifications Figure 7.3 Hydrological connections between river outflows in Bolton and SPA and SAC sites in the Ribble and Alt, and Mersey estuaries. Figure 7.4 Designated Environmental Sites in Bolton Figure 8.1 Example data from the GM SWMP Figure 8.2 The asset management cycle Figure 8.3 Regional and Local Governance Organogram Figure 8.4 Local Governance - Bolton Council Flood Management Structure Organogram. Figure 10.1 AGMA Investigation policy Tables Table 5.1 Size of the Drainage Network Table 5.2 Bolton - Key Property Flooding Risk Data Table 9.1 Relevant Flood Risk Plans Bolton’s Flood Risk Management Strategy 1.0 Introduction Bolton’s Flood Risk Management Strategy is an important instrument to help our community understand and manage flood risk. Its focus is on flooding due to heavy rainfall, groundwater, and from small streams and ditches. It outlines our approach to reducing the risk of flooding, and its associated misery and economic damage, in a sustainable way. Flooding is a natural phenomenon, the adverse consequences of which can be exacerbated by poor management of the landscape and the environment, such as inadequate and irregular maintenance of watercourses. The problems of flooding can be made worse if we fail to properly address managing this risk. In England in 2009, around 5.2 million - that’s one in six – residential and commercial properties were identified as being in areas at risk of flooding from rivers, the sea and surface water. Around 1.1 million properties are in areas that would be at risk of flooding if a nearby reservoir failed.1 Flooding by its very nature is often unpredictable in location and severity. Dealing with uncertainties that are effectively out of our control can be challenging. However, flood risk is something that can be understood and its effects are generally predictable. This means that the impacts can be mitigated, up to a point, and response and recovery can be more effective and efficient. The form of flooding we are most familiar with is from rivers overtopping their banks. Another common form is flooding along coasts from high tides and storms. Less well known and understood is rainfall related (pluvial) flooding which occurs following intense downpours that overwhelm drainage systems or when it cannot infiltrate into the ground quickly enough resulting in overland run-off. These types of floods can occur with little warning and in areas not obviously prone to flooding. Pluvial flooding is also more likely to occur in urban areas due to predominance of impermeable surfaces and the density of buildings. To illustrate surface water flooding risk, a report by the insurer AXA2 showed that in 2007, 75% of their flood claims were as a result of surface water and in the Cumbrian floods of November 2009 less than a third of flood claims were in a designated high flood risk region. 1 Defra “National flood and coastal erosion risk management strategy for England.” 2 AXA “The True Cost of Flooding” November 2010 Bolton Council 1 Bolton’s Flood Risk Management Strategy Recent experience in the UK has shown the effects of large-scale flooding in central and eastern England during summer 2007, Cumbria in 2010, and many other occurrences in previous years. People often base their perception of flood risk on personal experience or intuition which can often deceive. Flood victims often say that they have lived in a location nearly all their lives but have not seen anything like it before. This is largely due to the infrequent nature of very large flooding events, of which people often have no experience and which may not occur in a person’s lifetime. However, when such events occur, such as in the summer of 2007, they can lead to devastating and widespread economic loss, large-scale social disruption and have negative impacts on people’s lives that can last many years. It is estimated the flooding in 2007 cost the economy £3.2 Billion3. In 2012, the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) published a report4 assessing the future risk in the UK from climate change. The assessment reviewed the evidence for over 700 potential impacts of climate change in a UK context. Detailed analysis was undertaken for over 100 of these impacts across 11 key sectors, on the basis of their likelihood, the scale of their potential consequences and the urgency with which action may be needed to address them. Of the highest ranked threats identified, the top 5 all related to flood risk, those 5 threats are: 1. Increase in Expected Annual Damage to residential property due to flooding. 2. Ability to obtain flood insurance for residential property. 3. Effects of floods/storms on mental health. 4. Insurance industry exposure to UK flood risks. 5. Increased number of residential properties at significant risk of flooding. The report states that flood risk is projected to increase significantly across the UK. Increases in the frequency of flooding would affect people’s homes and wellbeing, especially for vulnerable groups (e.g. those affected by poverty, older people, people in poor health and those with disabilities), and the operation of businesses and critical infrastructure systems.
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