Final Report

SFG2879 V9

Final Report

Public Disclosure Authorized RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP)

NNEWICHI, NNEWI GULLY EROSION SITE, NNEWI NORTH LGA, ANAMBRA STATE

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

Anambra State Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project Public Disclosure Authorized

September 2017 Table of Contents

List of Plates ...... v

List of Tables ...... vi

Definitions ...... vii

Abbreviations ...... ix

Executive Summary ...... x

1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ...... 15 1.1 Background ...... 15 1.2 Environmental and Social Safeguard Concerns ...... 16 1.3 Purpose of the Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan ...... 17 1.4 Justification for the preparation of an ARAP ...... 17 1.5 ARAP Methodology ...... 18

2 CHAPTER THREE: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ENVIRONMENT AND BASELINE STUDIES ...... 20 2.1 Anambra State ...... 20 2.2 Overview of Nnewi ...... 21 2.3 Overview of the Project Area ...... 23 2.4 Baseline Information ...... 26 2.4.1 Physical Environment ...... 26 2.4.2 Biological Environment ...... 28 2.5 Socio-Economic Baseline Conditions of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) ...... 30 2.5.1 Gender Distribution of Respondents ...... 30 2.5.2 Age Distribution of Respondents ...... 31 2.5.3 Marital status of Respondents ...... 31 2.5.4 Religious practice of Respondents ...... 32 2.5.5 Literacy Level and Educational Infrastructure ...... 32 2.5.6 Water and Sanitation ...... 33 2.5.7 Household Waste Disposal, Cooking Fuel and Electricity ...... 34 2.5.8 Average household size of Respondents ...... 35 2.5.9 Occupation ...... 36 2.5.10 Average Income status of Respondents ...... 36 2.5.11 Infrastructural Development ...... 37 2.5.12 Desirability of the Project ...... 38 2.5.13 Health Status Survey ...... 38 2.5.14 Respondents legal or title right to property ...... 39 2.5.15 Replacement Options ...... 39

3 CHAPTER THREE: POLICY LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ...... 41 3.1 Introduction ...... 41 3.2 TheResettlementPolicyFramework (RPF)for theNEWMAP ...... 41 3.3 RelevantNigeriaActs andLegislations ...... 42 3.3.1 LandUseActof1978andResettlementProcedures ...... 42

ii 3.3.2 Forestry Act ...... 44 3.4 StateLegislations ...... 44 3.5 InternationalGuidelines ...... 45 3.6 TheWorldBankPolicyonInvoluntaryResettlement(OP.4.12)and the RAP for Nnewichi Gully Erosion site ...... 45 3.6.1 Comparison between Land UseActandtheWorldBank’sPolicy(OP4.12)on Compensation 45 3.6.2 ConclusionDrawnfrom the Review of WorldBankPoliciesonInvoluntary Resettlement 47

4 CHAPTER FOUR IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT IMPACTS AND PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS ...... 48 4.1 Impact Reduction Measures Undertaken ...... 48 4.2 Land acquisition along the corridor ...... 49 4.3 Positive Impacts of the project ...... 49 4.4 Negative Impact of the Project ...... 49 4.5 Discussion of project Impacts ...... 49 4.6 Inventory of affected assets/structures in the project area ...... 51 4.7 Census of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) ...... 51 4.8 Analysis of Impacts and Income Restoration Measures for Vulnerable Group/PAPs ...... 51 4.9 Performance Indicator for Assessing Income Restoration ...... 52 4.10 The Valuation methodology ...... 52 4.10.1 Valuation Method for Land Property ...... 54 4.10.2 Replacement Cost Method for Assets/Structures ...... 54 4.10.3 Disturbance and Other Incidental Contingencies ...... 54 4.10.4 PAPs Losing Permanent Structures-for Residential (immoveable structures) ...... 54 4.10.5 PAPs Losing Permanent Structures-for Business (immoveable structures) ...... 54 4.10.6 PAPs Losing Shrines or Place of Worship ...... 55 4.10.7 PAPs Losing Burial Site ...... 55 4.11 Proof of Eligibility ...... 55 4.12 Duration for Civil Works ...... 55 4.13 Cut-Off Date ...... 55 4.14 Entitlement Matrix for the PAPs ...... 56 4.15 Description of Eligibility Criteria for Defining Various Categories of PAPs ...... 58

5 CHAPTER FIVE GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISMS ...... 60 5.1 Introduction ...... 60 5.2 Grievances and Appeals Procedure ...... 60 5.3 Grievance Redress Process ...... 60 5.3.1 Procedure for Effective Local Resolution of Grievance ...... 61 5.3.2 Court Resolution of Grievance Matters ...... 61 5.4 Grievance Redress Committee ...... 61 5.5 Expectation When Grievances Arise ...... 62 5.6 Management of Reported Grievances ...... 63 5.7 Grievance Log and Response Time ...... 64 5.8 Monitoring Complaints ...... 65 5.9 World Bank Group (WBG) Grievance Redress Service ...... 65

iii 6 CHAPTER SIX: BUDGET AND FINANCING PLAN ...... 66 6.1 Introduction ...... 66 6.2 Financing plan ...... 66 6.3 Procedure for Delivering of Entitlements ...... 67 6.4 RAP Compensation Process ...... 67 6.5 Compensation Payment Administration...... 68 6.6 Resettlement Implementation Linkage to Civil Works ...... 68

7 CHAPTER SEVEN: INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS- ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ... 69 7.1 Introduction ...... 69 7.2 Institutional Arrangement ...... 69 7.2.1 The Financier ...... 69 7.2.2 Federal Level ...... 69 7.2.3 State Level ...... 70 7.2.4 Local Level ...... 73 7.2.5 Community Level ...... 73 7.2.6 Others...... 74 8 CHAPTER EIGHT: TIME TABLE OF EVENTS ...... 76 8.1 Timetable for the Resettlement Action Plan ...... 76 8.2 Training and Capacity Needs ...... 76

9 CHAPTER NINE: MONITORING AND EVALUATION ...... 78 9.1 Overview ...... 78 9.2 Internal Monitoring ...... 78 9.3 Independent Monitoring ...... 79 9.4 Monitoring Indicators ...... 79 9.5 Implementation Schedule ...... 79

10 CHAPTER TEN: STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION ...... 81 10.1 Introduction ...... 81 10.2 Stakeholders Engagement Plan ...... 81 10.3 Fundamentals of Stakeholder Engagement Approach ...... 82 10.4 Social Investment Plan ...... 85 10.5 Identification of Stakeholders ...... 85 10.6 Identified Stakeholder Groups ...... 86 10.7 Community Consultations ...... 87 10.7.1 Objective of Community Consultation ...... 87 10.7.2 The Stakeholders Consulted and their Concerns ...... 87 10.7.3 Summary of Meetings with Stakeholders ...... 88

REFERENCES ...... 91 ANNEX ONE: MONITORING INDICATOR FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF RAP INCOME RESTORATION ...... 92

ANNEX TWO: LIST OF VULNERABLE PERSONS ...... 93

ANNEX THREE: LIST OF PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS AND THEIR COMPENSATION ...... 96

iv ANNEX FOUR: COST DERIVATION TABLE FOR CASH CROPS/ECONOMIC TREES AND STRUCTURES ...... 115

ANNEX FIVE: PICTURES FOR NNEWICHI FIELD WORK ...... 151 ANNEX SIX: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) ...... 153

ANNEX SEVEN: CENSUS/ SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA COLLECTION FORM ...... 163 ANNEX SEVEN: MINUTES OF MEETINGS HELD ON BETWEEN 9TH-11TH FEBRUARY, 2017 AT NNEWICHI TOWN HALL...... 168

ANNEX EIGHT: PAPS IDENTIFICATION CATALOGUE ...... 173

LIST OF PLATES

PLATE 1 SATELLITE IMAGERY SHOWING THE GULLY AND WATERSHED CATCHMENT OF THE SITE ...... 24 PLATE 2 COLLAPSED CONCRETE CANAL...... 25 PLATE 3 A SECTION OF THE MAIN GULLY ...... 25 PLATE 4 CATCH PITS DUG BY COMMUNITY TO CONTROL THE EROSION ...... 25 PLATE 5 CONCRETE CANAL CONSTRUCTED BY THE COMMUNITY TO CONTROL FURTHER EROSION...... 25 PLATE 6 SEX OF RESPONDENTS ...... 30 PLATE 7 AGE DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS ...... 31 PLATE 8 MARITAL STATUS OF RESPONDENTS ...... 32 PLATE 9 LITERACY LEVEL OF RESPONDENTS ...... 32 PLATE 10 WATER SOURCE FOR DOMESTIC USE ...... 33 PLATE 11 TYPE OF TOILET FACILITY ...... 34 PLATE 12 REFUSE DISPOSAL METHODS ...... 34 PLATE 13 TYPE OF FUEL USED FOR COOKING ...... 34 PLATE 14 SOURCE OF ENERGY ...... 35 PLATE 15 FAMILY SIZE ...... 35 PLATE 16 RESPONDENTS HOUSEHOLD OCCUPATION ...... 36 PLATE 17 AVERAGE INCOME OF RESPONDENTS ...... 36 PLATE 18 ACCESS ROAD WITHIN COMMUNITY ...... 37 PLATE 19 NATURE OF SCHOOLS WITHIN THE COMMUNITY ...... 38 PLATE 20 CHOICE OF REPLACEMENT OPTION ...... 40 PLATE 21 IMPACTED PROPERTY BY EXISTING SITUATION ...... 48 PLATE 22 SITE COMMITTEE ASSISTING CONSULTANTS IN FIELD WORK ...... 48 PLATE 23 AVERAGE MONTHLY INFLATION RATE (NBS, 2017) ...... 53 PLATE 24 GRIEVANCE REDRESS PROCEDURE ...... 63 PLATE 28 CONSULTATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS ...... 90 PLATE 29 THE SAFEGUARDS OFFICER ADDRESSING THE STAKEHOLDERS ...... 90 PLATE 30 THE CONSULTANT ADDRESSING THE STAKEHOLDERS ...... 90 PLATE 25 CONSULTANTS WITH COMMUNITY MEMBERS DURING FIELD SURVEY ...... 151 PLATE 26 CONSULTANTS WITH THE SITE COMMITTEE AT THE SITE ...... 151 PLATE 27 ONE OF THE FIELD WORKERS INTERVIEWING A PAP ...... 151 PLATE 28 AN ENDANGERED PROPERTY ...... 151 PLATE 29 CONSULTANTS ASSESSING A PROPERTY ...... 151

v PLATE 30 DISCUSSION WITH PAPS IN THE FIELD ...... 151 PLATE 31 CATCHPIT DUG BY COMMUNITY TO CHECK FLOODING ...... 152 PLATE 32 CANAL BUILT BY COMMUNITY TO CHECK EROSION ...... 152 PLATE 33 CONSULTANT WITH PAPS IN THE FIELD ...... 152 PLATE 34 CROSS SECTION OF WOMEN GROUP DURING CONSULTATION ...... 152 PLATE 35 SOIL SAMPLING ...... 152 PLATE 36 ENDANGERED BUILDING ...... 152

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1 HEALTHCARE ASSESSMENT ...... 39 TABLE 2 COMPARISON OF NIGERIAN LAND USE ACT AND WORLD BANK OP4.12 ON COMPENSATION ...... 46 TABLE 3 MARKET SURVEY FROM NNEWICHI ...... 52 TABLE 4 ENTITLEMENT MATRIX TABLE FOR PAPS ...... 56 TABLE 5 TYPICAL REPORTING FORMAT FOR GRIEVANCE REDRESS ...... 64 TABLE 6 SUMMARY OF RAP BUDGET ...... 66 TABLE 7 TIMETABLE FOR COMPLETION OF ARAP IMPLEMENTATION ...... 76 TABLE 8 CAPACITY BUILDING SCHEDULE AND COST ...... 77 TABLE 9 SUMMARY OF IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...... 79

vi DEFINITIONS

Children: all persons under the age of 18 years according to international regulatory standard (Convention on the rights of Child 2002) Community: a group of individuals broader than households, who identify themselves as a common unit due to recognized social, religious, economic and traditional government ties or shared locality. Compensation: payment in cash or in kind for an asset or resource acquired or affected by the project. Cut-off-Date: the date of completion of inventory of losses and census of project affected persons Economic Displacement: a loss of productive assets or usage rights or livelihood capacities because such assets / rights / capacities are located in the project area. Entitlement: the compensation offered by RAP, including: financial compensation; the right to participate in livelihood enhancement programs; housing sites and infrastructure; transport and temporary housing allowance; and, other short term provisions required to move from one site to another. Head of the Household: the eldest member of the core family in the household, for the purpose of the project. Household: a group of persons living together who share the same cooking and eating facilities, and form a basic socio-economic and decision making unit. One or more households often occupy a homestead. Involuntary Resettlement: resettlement without the informed consent of the displaced persons or if they give their consent, it is without having the power to refuse resettlement. Lost Income Opportunities: lost income opportunities refers to compensation to project affected persons for loss of business income, business hours/time due to project Operational Policy 4.12: Describes the basic principles and procedures for resettling, compensating or at least assisting involuntary displace persons to improve or at least restore their standards of living after alternatives for avoiding displacement is not feasible Physical Displacement: a loss of residential structures and related non-residential structures and physical assets because such structures / assets are located in the project area. Private property owners: persons who have legal title to structures, land or other assets and are accordingly entitled to compensation under the Land Act. Project-Affected Community: a community that is adversely affected by the project. Project-Affected Person: any person who, as a result of the project, loses the right to own, use or otherwise benefit from a built structure, land (commercial, residential, agricultural, or pasture), annual or perennial crops and trees, or any other fixed or moveable asset, either in full or in part, permanently or temporarily. Rehabilitation: the restoration of the PAPs resource capacity to continue with productive activities or lifestyles at a level higher or at least equal to that before the project. Relocation: a compensation process through which physically displaced households are provided with a one-time lump-sum compensation payment for their existing residential structures and move from the area. Replacement Cost: the amount of cash compensation and/or assistance suffices to replace lost assets and cover transaction costs, without taking into account depreciation or salvage value.

vii Resettlement Action Plan (RAP): documented procedures and the actions a project proponent will take to mitigate adverse effects, compensate losses, and provide development benefits to persons and communities affected by a project. Resettlement Assistance: support provided to people who are physically displaced by a project. This may include transportation, food, shelter, and social services that are provided to affected people during their resettlement. Assistance may also include cash allowances that compensate affected people for the inconvenience associated with resettlement and defray the expenses of a transition to a new locale, such as moving expenses and lost work days. Resettlement: a compensation process through which physically displaced households are provided with replacement plots and residential structures at one of two designated resettlement villages in the district. Resettlement includes initiatives to restore and improve the living standards of those being resettled. Squatters: squatters are landless household squatting within the public / private land for residential and business purposes. Vulnerable group: People who by their disadvantage conditions will be economically worse impacted by project activities than others such as female headed households, persons with disability, at-risk children, persons with HIV-AIDS and elderly household heads of 60 years and above.

viii ABBREVIATIONS

ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan BP Bank Policies CBO Community Based Organization CSO Community Support Organizations DaLA Damage and Loss Assessment EA Environmental Assessment EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FGN Federal Government of Nigeria FMEnv Federal Ministry of Environment FONGO Focal Non-Governmental Organisation FSLC First School Leaving Certificate GDP Gross Domestic Product GRC Grievance Redress Committee IDA International Development Association LGA Local Government Area M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MDAs Ministries, Departments & Agencies NEWMAP Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations OP Operational Policies (of the World Bank) PAD Project Appraisal Document PAP Project Affected Persons PDO Project Development Objectives PID Project Information Document PMU Project Management Unit RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SMEnv State Ministry of Environment SPMU State Project Implementation Unit STDs Sexually Transmitted Diseases ToR Terms of Reference

ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION The Government of Nigeria is implementing the multi-sectoral Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP), financed by the World Bank, Global Environment Facility, the Special Climate Change Fund, and the Government of Nigeria. The Project Development Objective (PDO) of the NEWMAP is to reduce vulnerability to soil erosion in targeted sub-catchments.. (NEWMAP PIM, 2013). This it tends to achieve by improving erosion management and gully rehabilitation; increase incomes for rural households from improved agricultural and forest practices through the use of conservation agriculture, agroforestry, natural regeneration, etc.; and gain efficiency in public administration and public spending through improved knowledge base, analytical tools, multi- sectoral coordination and stakeholder dialogue. Various documents have been prepared in line with NEWMAP, and they include; Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), Resettlement Policy Frameworks (RPF), Project Appraisal Document (PAD) prepared for the Nigerian Erosion and Watershed Management Project. This report focuses on the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) developed for the Rehabilitation of the Nnewichi Gully Erosion in Nnewi North LGA of Anambra State Nigeria. The aim of the RAP is to identify and assess the human impact of the proposed works at the Nnewichi Gully Erosion Site, and to prepare an Action Plan to be implemented in coordination with the civil works in line with World Bank Policy and Nigeria policies and laws. Experience has shown that involuntary resettlement can cause loss of income, assets, and community ties that, especially among the poor, can be essential for survival and wellbeing. In extreme cases, involuntary resettlement can lead to the dissolution of families, impoverishment and health problems. The ARAP will identify the project-affected persons (PAPs), engage them in participatory discussions regarding the plan and formulate an action plan for compensation. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT Proposed solution to ameliorate the erosion problem is proper management of prevailing flood flow path to the gully and subsequently control the gully using adequate drainage systems such as culverts, drains, chute channels and stilling basins, rip-rap resting on geotextile, then gabion check dams placed along the gully bed to slow down the flow velocity, etc. The principal components of the design works for the Nnewichi gully Erosion site are:  The main gully named as Nnewichi Main gully (NNMG) involves the design of box culvert, concrete channel, cascade drops, chute and stilling basin, gabion retaining wall, check dam and outlet structures.  The Finger gully named as Right and Left Finger gully (RFG and LFG) followed by their respective sequential number on both right and left side of the main gully involves the design of concrete canal, cascade drops, chute and stilling basin, Junction structure with the gabion retaining wall and outlet structures.  The other main part of the design is the design of gully bank treatment works. The gully bank is largely provided with Bio-remediation and in some cases stone pitching works. This section of the design covers the design of bank treatment works, interceptor and collector drains on the gully. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA Nnewi is the second largest city in Anambra State in southeastern Nigeria. Nnewi as a metropolitan city in Nnewi North LGA and comprises four autonomous villages: Otolo, Uruagu, Umudim, and Nnewichi. Nnewichi is the smallest of the four villages.

x Four communities makeup Nnewichi namely; Okpuno Nnewichi, Oduda Nnewichi, Obiofia Nnewichi, and Abubor Nnewichi is bounded on the east by Otolo, on the west by Uruagu, on the north by Ojoto and Nnobi, both of Idemili South Local Government Area, and on the South by Uruagu and Umudim. The Nnewichi gully erosion site (located between long 261897.698E .and lat680564.525N) is about 3km long and covers an area of about 30ha. A section of the main gully is about 0.75km long and is progressing. The remaining 1.7km has a relatively mild slope and wider bed width. The gully is advancing laterally in this section. The gully has shallow depths at its tail and is deeper in the middle and head section, up to 30m depth. The width of the gully varies from 60m at shallower areas to 160m at the deeper sections. The shape of the gully is generally V-shape gully at the head with a side slope ranging from 30o to 50o and U-shape gully at the middle. In some areas, the level of gully erosion is so advanced that it destroyed the whole road and is encroaching into private properties.

POLICY, LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK A number of national and international environmental guidelines are applicable to the operation of the NEWMAP. The Bank’s policy on Involuntary Resettlement advocates that where feasible, involuntary resettlement should be avoided or minimized. Resettlement shall be conceived and executed as a sustainable development program, where it is inevitable, providing sufficient investment resources to enable persons displaced by the project share in project benefit. This RAP will be aligned with the World Bank Operational Policies including Involuntary Resettlement Policy, which indicate best practices for rehabilitation of livelihoods of people affected by the implementation of the project. IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT IMPACTS AND PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS The inventory taken showed that land acquisition will occur as a result of the project. This is mainly on the 10m setback along the gully corridor which will be reserved for planting of economic trees that will help control erosion as well as provide some source of livelihood for the community. Also thegraves of the late parents ofEnem Victor Chukwunonyewhich fall within the 10m setback will be impacted. This setback was deduced from the engineering design document as well as discussion with the design engineers.

Crops planted on farmlands and associated economic trees were observed as important features that would be affected in the event of the proposed work along the corridor of the gullies. It was also observed that crops planted within the gully corridor as well as encroachment of structures and fences are other categories of impacts by the proposed work.

IMPACT REDUCTION MEASURES The following are technical steps taken in consultation and concurrence of Anambra State NEWMAP PMU and the Design Engineers which have resulted in the reduction of adverse impacts of the project:  The engineering design for the intervention using gabion retaining walls and interlocked blocks over filtered materials at critical areas near the gully corridor (especially close to structures) was employed. This will help retain the existing structure thereby preventing possible demolition of the structure. Also geotextile was also employed in some areas.  The setback for access and buffer on the corridor was made known to the stakeholders to be 10 meters and that in the event of work in such locations all affected properties are to be removed by their owners to give the required right of way for the work.

xi  Consulting/communicating with the people of the project area and PAPs in particular on the day and time to expect civil work activities within their respective location. This will give the PAPs opportunity to harvest mature crops before the beginning of civil works. It should be noted that Payment of compensation is a condition precedence for relocation of PAPs. Upon receipt of compensation, PAPS properties shall be removed before start of works.

CENSUS OF PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS (PAPS) The outcome of the census conducted shows that 114 assets will be potentially impacted. Which include persons that will be potentially impacted or suffer socio-economic losses as a result of sub-project activities as well as some Family Owned assets. ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS AND INCOME RESTORATION MEASURES FOR VULNERABLE GROUP/PAPS Among the 114 PAPs, 67 vulnerable persons were enumerated during the RAP census which included eighteen widows andelderly poor persons (above 60 years) with dependents. There was no vulnerable PAP in the category of HIV-AIDS persons and child headed households. No disabled persons was identified as part of the PAPs.

PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR ASSESSING INCOME RESTORATION It is the responsibility of the monitoring and evaluation officer or the Safeguard Officer at the PMU to design a schedule and budget for monitoring the implementation of the RAP which will begin before project implementation and continue through the life cycle of the project. The monitoring indicators, for the ARAP income restoration progress is attached as annex 1 of this report. THE VALUATION METHODOLOGY The asset valuation was conducted based on the current market prices in the project area. For some materials, prices vary on the basis of quality, taste and product brand. Therefore, in such cases the average market price plus 2% price flexibility adjustment was used for the valuation. Valuation Method for Land Property In line with OP 4.12 of the World Bank on involuntary resettlement as stated in the entitlement matrix, land for land entitlement is prescribed. The cost for Land within the 10m setback along the gully corridor was determined by considering the replacement cost of land within the project area while considering proximity to the erosion and level of damage caused by the Erosion. This was placed at N500,000/Plot of Land (ie. 100 sqm). Land compensation shall be only for the 10m offset that the project is acquiring. Replacement Cost Method for Assets/Structures The Replacement Cost Method, which is used in estimating the value of the property/structure, is based on the assumption that the capital value of an existing development can be equated to the cost of reinstating the development on the same plot at the current labour, material and other incidental costs. The DaLa method was also employed in the assessment of cash crops and economic trees. Disturbance and Other Incidental Contingencies Affected business premises which will have to close shop or be relocated will be given compensation for loss of business time/income and cash or in kind assistance to enable the relocation of affected property. This has been factored into the full compensation and details are shown in Annex 3. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND STAKEHOLDERS /FOCUS GROUP ENGAGEMENT

xii The public consultation strategy for the RAPactivities evolved around the provision of a full opportunity for involvement for all stakeholders, especially the PAPs. Concerns raised by the stakeholders are documented and incorporated in this report and used to develop mitigation and/or enhancement measures. The stakeholders were informed of the visits through the existing communication line between the SPMU and the communities. The Community leaders through the use of town criers, church announcements and phone calls, informed the rest of the community of the proposed meetings. Consultation Method: A combination of various consultation methods were used to assess knowledge, perception and attitude of the groups consulted concerning the project, and its potential environmental and social impacts. An Advocacy Visit, Focal group meetings, Town hall meeting and Feedback meetings were conducted. The advocacy visit meeting was held on 13th February 2017 at the community.In attendance were the Obi and traditional leaders of the villages, Association Executives, Youth executives and women group executives. The Town hall meeting was carried out in two (2) stages. The first was a general meeting where all the stakeholders and community members were given a general overview of the project, the component and information regarding the RAP and other relevant information in the TOR. The second stage meeting provided feedbacks, clarifications and responses. BUDGET AND FINANCING PLAN Since the Anambra State Ministry of Environment is the one impacting livelihoods, it will be their responsibility to fund the ARAP budget. It will be financed through the projects administrative and financial management rules and manuals like any other sub-activity of the project eligible for payment under this project. ARAP Compensation Process: The compensation process will involve several steps in accordance with the report. Compensation Payment Administration: The resettlement budget details prepared in this RAP shall be the guide for the SPMU Team in Implementing the RAP with the FONGOacting as a witness. Resettlement Implementation Linkage to Civil Works Before any project activity is implemented, PAPs will need to be compensated/resettled in accordance with the entitlement matrix/budget plan established in this ARAP Summary of Budget Estimate for RAP Implementation S/N DESCRIPTION TOTAL

1 RAP Compensation/Assistance Budget for 114 PAPs (determined)

Land 45,900,000.00

Cultural Heritage 200,000.00

Crops and Agricultural Resources 28,250,325.00

Structures 22,245,840.00

Sub-Total: Compensation 96,596,165.00

2 Operating cost for RAP Implementation and Monitoring 9,659,616.50 Activities/Contingency (10 % of RAP compensation Budget)

xiii 3 Cost of Livelihood Restoration/Assistance for Vulnerable Groups 4,020,000.00

4 Capacity Building for RAP Implementation (PAPs, RIC, SPMU etc.) 7,000,000.00

*TOTAL 113,255,781.50 *Allow time for annual/seasonal crop owners to harvest their crops. Careful management of the site based on 10m setbackwill reduce compensation amount.

INSTITUTIONAL MATRIX The major institutions that are involved in this resettlement process are the Anambra State Ministry of Environment (SMEnv) the World Bank, and the Community Resettlement Committee (CRC). TIMETABLE FOR THE RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN The RAP has to be completed and PAPs adequately compensated before operation in the designated project area. TRAINING AND CAPACITY NEEDS It is necessary that the PMU and the Grievance Redress committee, Contractors, PAPs as well as the Resettlement Implementation Committee be educated on the modus operandi of involuntary resettlement and how to manage grievance cases and also for PAPs to understand optimal measures for livelihood restoration and the opportunities to possibly take advantage of. This has been built into the RAP Budget. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM The likelihood of dispute is much reduced because the few affected persons due to the erosion control project have been greatly consulted. Nevertheless, the Grievance redress mechanisms designed herewith has the objective of solving disputes at the earliest possible time, which is in the interest of all parties concerned; it thus implicitly discourages referring such matters to the law courts for resolution, which would take a considerably longer time. GRC will hear complaints and facilitate solutions; and the process, as a whole, will promote dispute settlement through mediation to reduce litigation. MONITORING AND EVALUATION There will be two levels of monitoring; namely internal monitoring and external monitoring. Under internal monitoring the SPMU monitoring and evaluation officer will lead the task for the M&E Unit while an external monitoring and evaluation consultant should be hired to assess whether the SPMU has fulfilled its commitments to resettlement as elaborated in the RAP in terms of the delivery of entitlements to PAPs, livelihood restoration and other measures;.

xiv

1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The ecological menace of erosion is a major disaster that continues to threaten landmass in Nigeria. Some of these erosion have resulted due to natural and human causes. Over 6,000km2 of land are affected by erosion and about 3,400km2 are highly exposed. In some areas of southern Nigeria, farmland degradation has caused yield reductions of between 30% and 90%, and as much as a 5% drag on agricultural GDP. Erosion has a devastating effect on many peoples’ lives and destroys infrastructure essential for economic development and poverty alleviation (NEWMAP ESMF, 2012). Gully erosion contributes to environmental problems and damage estimated at over $100 million annually (mostly in South-Eastern Nigeria) (NEWMAP PIM, 2013). It creates channels of various sizes through concentrated runoff on definite routes, which result in systematic removal of soil particles, including plant nutrients, from one location to another, and even in worse cases destruction of lives and properties. In view of this, the Government of Nigeria is implementing the multi-sectoral Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP), financed by the World Bank, Global Environment Facility, the Special Climate Change Fund, and the Government of Nigeria. The NEWMAP is aimed at reducing vulnerability to soil erosion in targeted sub-catchments. The project is currently being implemented in 19 states namely Cross River, Abia, Ebonyi, Imo, Enugu, Anambra, Edo, Gombe, Kogi, Kano, Katsina, Nasarawa, Akwa Ibom, Bauchi, Borno, Plateau, Delta, Oyo and Sokoto, states. The NEWMAP finances activities implemented by State and Federal Government. The Project Development Objective (PDO) of the NEWMAP is to to reduce vulnerability to soil erosion in targeted sub-catchment. This is achieved through improved erosion management and gully rehabilitation; increase incomes for rural households from improved agricultural and forest practices through the use of conservation agriculture, agroforestry, natural regeneration, etc.; and gain efficiency in public administration and public spending through improved knowledge base, analytical tools, multi-sectoral coordination and stakeholder dialogue.NEWMAP Components are divided into 4 viz; Component 1: Erosion and Catchment Management investment Sub-component 1A Gully Rapid Action and Slope Stabilization Sub-component 1B Integrated Catchment Management Sub-component 1C Adaptive Livelihoods

Component 2: Erosion and Catchment Management Institutions and Information Services Sub-component 2A Federal MDA Effectiveness and Services Sub-component 2B State MDA Effectiveness and Services Sub-component 2C Local Government Capacity Sub-component 2D Private Sector Capacity Component 3: Climate Change Agenda Support Sub-component 3A Policy and Institutional Framework Sub-component 3B Low Carbon Development Component 4: Project Management

This program is financed through an 8-year Strategic Investment Loan (SIL) of $508.59M, consisting of a $500M IDA concessional loan blended with GEF and SCCF grants totalling $8.59M. The Government of Nigeria’s contribution will amount to approximately $150M. This contribution only reflects the costs currently directly attributable to Project activities but will also include the cost of liaison officers from each MDA which is yet to be reflected. The calculated amount comprises (i) a federal contribution both cash and in-kind of $83.34 for duties, taxes, staff and office costs and (ii) a cash and in-kind contribution by each state of approximately $6M (for each of 11 states totalling approximately $67M) for resettlement, staff and office costs and pre-feasibility designs of intervention sites. State contributions to project financing are an agreed criterion for project participation (PAD, 2012). Various documents have been prepared in line with the NEWMAP, and they include; Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), Resettlement Policy Frameworks (RPF), Project Appraisal Document (PAD) prepared for the Nigerian Erosion and Watershed Management Project. This report focuses on the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) prepared for the Rehabilitation of the Nnewichi, Nnewi Gully Erosion, Nnewi North LGA in Anambra State, Nigeria. The project area cuts across Obuofia, Okpuno and Abubor communities all in Nnewichi of Nnewi Local Government Area. The Nnewichi gully erosion site is nearly 2.5km long.In the layout the following designations have been used to represent each of the gully channels systematically. The left and right fingers are designated as Left Finger Gully (LFG) and Right Finger Gully (RFG), followed by their respective sequential number on both right and left side of the main gully as specified in the engineering design (SMEC, 2016). The Main gully channel is designated as Nnewichi Main Gully (NNMG). The NEWMAP intends to rehabilitate the gully erosion site and reduce longer-tern erosion vulnerability in the targeted areas. This activity will be employed through some civil works such as construction of infrastructure and stabilization of the gully. An engineering design report has already been prepared for the Nnewichi gully erosion rehabilitation, which highlights on the detailed civil works that will be carried out. This RAP study will therefore, aim to identify potential and significant adverse impacts as it relates loss of assets or involuntary resettlement that will be associated with the rehabilitation and to propose means of minimizing and/or mitigating them to acceptable levels.

1.2 Environmental and Social Safeguard Concerns

The environmental and social safeguards concerns for NEWMAP are addressed through two national instruments already prepared under the project: an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). 1. Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF): In general, the ESMF specifies the procedures to be used for preparing, approving and implementing a) Environmental/Social Assessments (ESAs, or alternately both an SA or an EA) and/or b) Environmental/Social Management Plans (ESMPs, or alternately both an EMP and SMP) for individual civil works packages developed for each project. ESMPs are essential elements for Category B projects.The ESMF will serve as aguide for the preparation of this ESMP for Nnewichigully Erosion site since the World Bank OP/BP 4.01-Environmental Assessment is triggered as a result of the civil works.

2. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF): The RPF applies when land acquisition leads to the temporary or permanent physical displacement of persons, and/or loss of shelter, and /or loss of

livelihoods and/or loss, denial or restriction of access to economic resources due to project activities. It sets out the resettlement and compensation principles, organizational arrangements and design criteria to be applied to meet the needs of project-affected people, and specifies the contents of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for each package of investments. A Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), which serves as a practical tool during the programme formulation, design, implementation and monitoring, was prepared for NEWMAP, which serves as a guide for the present terms of reference. The activities of Component 1 will involve civil works in specific intervention sites – that is, construction of drainage works and/or rehabilitation of gullies. This could result in the acquisition of land or displacement of families, business or public infrastructure, thus triggering the World Bank OP/BP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement.

1.3 Purpose of the Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan

The aim of the ARAP is to identify and assess the human impact of the proposed works at the Nnewichi Gully erosion Site, and to prepare an Action Plan to be implemented in coordination with the civil works in line with World Bank Policy and Nigeria policies and laws. Experience has shown that involuntary resettlement can cause loss of income, assets, and community ties that, especially among the poor, can be essential for survival and wellbeing. In extreme cases, involuntary resettlement can lead to the dissolution of families, impoverishment and health problems. The ARAP will identify the project affected persons (PAPs), engage them in participatory discussions regarding the plan and formulating a plan of action to adequately compensate people for their losses.

1.4 Justification for the preparation of an ARAP

The Policy of the World Bank is to ensure that persons involuntarily resettled caused by the taking of land in the context of a project supported by the Bank, have an opportunity to restore or improve their level of living to at least the pre-project level. Project affected people should participate in the benefits of the project and they should be given options regarding how they restore or improve their previous level of living. In the NEWMAP project it is not sufficient for communities to passively accept project works and the impacts of these works. Rather they must be mobilized to contribute actively to project design and implementation and to maintain the woks following implementation. This feature underscores the need for accurate analysis of local social organization.

Although majority of the civil works will occur within the ROW (which is within the 10m setback) for public facilities, involuntary resettlement is triggered according to OP4.12 of the IDA because the impacts of the sub-projects might cause persons and communities to be economically worse off and may fuel crises in the project area, which could render the project unsustainable.

The core requirement of the OP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement is as follows:

 Avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement where feasible, exploring all viable alternative project designs.  Assist project affected persons in improving their former living standards, income earning capacity, and production levels, or at least in restoring them back to the former status  Encourage community participation in planning and implementing resettlement.

 Provide assistance to affected people regardless of the legality of land tenure.

A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is prepared where major impact is anticipated, that is;

 if affected people will be physically displaced  More than 10% of their productive assets/total land hold are lost/acquired and  More than 200 people are to be directly adversely affected.

However, an ARAP is prepared where minor impacts are envisaged. That is the reverse of the conditions stated above for a RAP. This is envisaged for the Nnewichi gully erosion sites.

1.5 ARAP Methodology

This ARAP involves a number of coordinated approaches and action plans tailored towards addressing the scope of work and objectives set out in the TOR. The Consultant took the following steps and approaches:

1) Initial meetings with Anambra State NEWMAP SPMU and the Engineering Design Consultant

This meeting offered the opportunity to clarify relevant issues in the terms of reference and to agree on deliverables and timelines. The outcome of this meeting culminated in the collection of relevant documents from project proponent, Engineering design team and other relevant bodies. These documents include Engineering Drawings, Resettlement Policy Framework for NEWMAP, Environmental and Social Management Framework for NEWMAP, NEWMAP Project Implementation Manual (PIM), NEWMAP Project Appraisal Document (PAD), Nigeria Land Use Act (1978) and World Bank guidelines and Policies on Involuntary Resettlement.

Also the consultant held several meetings with the engineering consultants (SMEC Ltd) to discuss on the design concept. This helped in throwing more light on the approach for the proposed civil works, as well as the measures taken to minimize impact. All relevant document were collected. Based on the discussion with the engineering design consultants as well as the design document presented, it was deduced that the setback falls within 5-8m at different sections. However to be on a safe zone, 10m setback was selected.

2) Literature Review

The team duly reviewed all the relevant documents. The review exercise was helpful in understanding the relationship and gaps in the policy frameworks of the World Bank on one hand and the country laws and policies on involuntary displacement. Also it helped in understanding the actual design for the intervention. From the review of the policy documents stated above, the necessary requirements for this ARAP were ascertained.

3) Initial/Reconnaissance Site Visit and Stakeholder Consultation

This step was important to determine the magnitude and nature of the anticipated impacts identify the affected communities, community leaderships and associations in which potential PAPs belong. It was also used to consult with the stakeholder whose assistances and cooperation is expected to ensure sustainable project implementation.

4) Engagement of field officers/enumerators

Enumerators were selected from the consultant’s office and this selection was based on field experience.

The field officers were trained on the use of the survey instruments and on the nature of the policy guidelines that underlay the project. This was undertaken with mock exercise carried out to test their understanding and capabilities before embarking on field survey.

5) Identification of PAPS and Affected Assets

Identification of project-affected persons (PAPs) was based on the following considerations: Owners of assets/structures within 10 meters set back along the corridor of the gullies.. Details on this are presented in Chapter Five

6) Consultation of Affected Communities, PAPs and MDAs

Series of consultations were undertaken in the course of the preparation of the ARAP. The consultant engaged the Traditional Rulers (Obis),Nzes, Town Associations/Union leaders, Women leaders and other community organizations in the dissemination of information to the project area. The essence of this was to inform them of the exercise and invite all stakeholders and project affected persons to a public consultation with date, venue and time specified. Focus group consultations were also carried out with the PAPs, Vulnerable groups and Women groups.

2 CHAPTER THREE: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ENVIRONMENT AND BASELINE STUDIES

2.1 Anambra State

Anambra State is located within the south eastern zone of Nigeria with s land mass of over 4120 sq. km. The state has a population of 4,055,048 (2006 Census). Anambra state is situated on a low elevation on the eastern side of the River Niger and shares boundaries with Kogi, Enugu, Imo, Abia, Delta, Rivers and Edo states.

Local Government Areas The twenty-one (21) Local Government Areas in Anambra State are: Aguata, Anambra East, Anambra West, Aniocha, Awka North, Awka South, Ayamelum, Dunukofia, Ekwusigo, Idemili North, Idemili South, Ihiala, Njikoka, Nnewi North, Nnewi South, Ogbaru, Onitsha North, Onitsha South, Orumba North, Orumba South, Oyi. The project area is situated in Nnewichi, which is a large community in Nnewi North Local Government Area of Anambra state.

Geology

Anambra State lies in the Anambra Basin and has about 6,000 m of sedimentary rocks. The sedimentary rocks comprise ancient Cretaceous deltas, somewhat similar to the Niger Delta, with the Nkporo Shale, the Mamu Formation, the Ajali sandstone and the Nsukka Formation as the main deposits. On the surface the dominant sedimentary rocks are the Imo Shale a sequence of grey shales, occasional clay ironstones and Sandstone beds.

The Imo Shale underlies the eastern part of the state, particularly in Ayamelum, Awka North, and Oruma North LGAs. Next in the geological sequence, is the Ameke Formation, which includes Nanka Sands, laid down in the Eocene. Its rock types are sandstone, calcareous shale, and limestone in thin bands. Outcrops of the sandstone occur at various places on the higher cuesta, such as at Abagana and Nsugbe, where they are quarried for construction purposes. Nanka sands out crop mainly at Nanka and Oko in Orumba North LGA.

Lignite was deposited in the Oligocene to Miocene; and it alternates with gritty clays in places. Outcrops of lignite occur in Onitsha and Nnewi. The latest of the tour geological formations is the Benin Formation or the coastal plain sands deposited from Miocene to pleistocene. The Benin Formation consists of yellow and white sands. The formation underlies much of lhiala LGA. Thick deposits of alluvium were laid down in the western parts of the state, south and north of Onitsha in the Niger and Anambra river floodplains.

Landforms and Drainage

Anambra State falls into two main landform regions: a highland region of moderate elevation that covers much of the state south of the Anambra River, and low plains to the west, north, and east of

the highlands. The highland region is a low asymmetrical ridge or cuesta in the northern portion of the Awka Orlu Uplands, which trend roughly southeast to North West, in line with the geological formations that underlie it. It is highest in the southeast, about 410m above mean sea-level, and gradually decreases in height to only 33m in the northwest on the banks of the Anambra River and the Niger.

The lower cuesta, formed by the more resistar sandstone rocks of the Imo Shale, rises to only 150m above mean sealevel at Umuawulu an decreases in height north-westward to only 100m < Achalla. Its escarpment faces the Mamu River plain and has a local relief of between 80 and 30m West of it. This is the higher cuesta, formed by the sane stones of the Ameke Formation. Its height is above 400m in the south-east at lgbo-ukwu and lsuofii decreasing north-westward to less than 300m at Agbana, and to only 100m at Aguleri.

Vegetation and Soils:

Three soil types can be recognised in Anambra State. They are: (i) alluvial soils, (ii) hydromorphic soils, and (iii) ferallitic soils. The alluvial soils are pale brown loamy soils. They are found in the tow plain south of Onitsha in Ogbaru and in the Niger Anambra low plain north of Onitsha. They differ from the hydromorphic soils in being relatively immature, having no well-developed horizons.

Ecological Issue:

Some of the major ecological issues encountered in Anambra mostly includes; flooding and erosion. The erosion issues have exacerbated overtime due to the extensive forest clearing, often by bush burning, and continuous cropping with little or no replenishment of soil nutrients. This further resulted in the disruption of the ecological equilibrium of the natural forest ecosystem. Such a situation in a region of loosely consolidated friable soils is prone to erosion, giving rise to extensive gully formation typical to the one experienced in Nnewichi and several other communities in Anambra State.

2.2 Overview of Nnewi

Nnewi is the second largest city in Anambra State in southeastern Nigeria. Nnewi as a metropolitan city encompasses 4 local government areas, Nnewi North, Nnewi South, Ekwusigo and Ihiala Local Government. Nnewi North is commonly referred to as Nnewi central, and comprises four autonomous villages: Otolo, Uruagu, Umudim, and Nnewichi. Nnewichi is the smallest of the four villages. Four communities makeup Nnewichi namely; Okpuno Nnewichi, Oduda Nnewichi, Obiofia Nnewichi, and Abubor Nnewichi. Each community is divided into family units called 'umunna' and each umunna has a first family known as the 'obi'.

The traditional monarch of Nnewi is called the Igwe. The Igweship in Nnewi kingdom predates the arrival of Europeans, making it a unique monarchy in Igbo land. The Igbos are known for not having kings, hence the popular Igbo saying Igbo é nwě Eze, meaning 'the Igbos have no king'. In other Igbo clans, the British colonial administrators created warrant chiefs who then assumed the office and title of Igwe and are elected to this day.

In Nnewi, the Igwe is the isiobi (head of the Obis) and hence the Igwe, which literally translates as the heavenly one or highness as he is the holder of the Ofo, the religious and political symbol. He is born and not made or elected, and the institution of inheritance is the traditional right and privilege. The position is neither transferable nor negotiable. He is also an Obi. Obi is the title held by ruling chiefs; it is the equivalent of a duke in the nobility.

There are Obis in the four clans that make up Nnewi. The highest and the most senior obi is the Obi of Otolo, who is also the Igwe of Nnewi. Chief Nnamdi Obi, Obi Bennett Okafor and Obi George Onyekaba are the current obis of Uruagu, Umudim, and Nnewichi respectively. These three obis with Igwe Orizu, III as chairman constitute the Igwe-in-Council and they deliberate on the spiritual, traditional, and communal matters, in Nnewi.

Agbo Edo, a forest land which belonged to Edo Nnewi deity, was cleared to make way for a new market called Nkwo Nnewi market. The development of this market propelled the fast development of the local economy.

As a fast developing city and a major industrial and commercial hub in Africa, Nnewi experiences voluminous financial activities, therefore hosts major banks, and other financial institutions. Industries are dotted around the city and adjoining towns. Palm oil, cosmetics, motor, and motorcycle spare parts, books, and stationery, textiles, electric cables, and so on are produced in commercial quantity in the area. Its main trading centers include Nkwo Nnewi market (the largest spare parts market in west Africa) and Nwafor market, Eke Amaobi market, Eke Ochie, Eke Ichi Market, Orie otube Market, etc.

The main occupation of Nnewi people is trading and farming, therefore they depend mainly on agriculture and commerce for their daily livelihood. Most Nnewian have mbubo (home gardens) and ubi (out-station gardens) where they usually cultivate their farm products. These crops when they are harvested are usually taken to the market for sale. Most of the prime cash crops include oil palm, raffia palm, groundnut, melon, cotton, cocoa, rubber, maize, et cetera. Food crops such as yam, cassava, cocoyam, breadfruit, and three-leaf yam are also produced in large quantities. The location of Nnewi within the tropical rainforest gives it the ecological basis for production of a wide range of tropical agriculture crops with widespread potential for industrial convention.

Geographically, Nnewichi falls within the tropical rain forest region of Nigeria. Though it suffers from soil leaching and erosion which has reduced the soil in some areas to a porous sandy terrain, it remains an area of rich agricultural produce and the epicenter of business trade. It is predominantly occupied by the Igbo ethnic group of Anambra State. Most of its inhabitants are Christians (majorly Roman Catholics).

Major villages that make up the Nnewichi include, Obiofia, Okpuno, Odida and Abubo.

The main ecological hazards in the area are accelerated gully erosion and flooding. Poor drainage and town planning in a region of loosely consolidated and easily eroded soils is prone to serious erosion, giving rise to extensive gully formation. This as well as the topography of the area is the main cause of the erosion menace in Nnewichi.

2.3 Overview of the Project Area

Nnewichi is bounded on the east by Otolo, on the west by Uruagu, on the north by Ojoto and Nnobi, both of Idemili South Local Government Area, and on the South by Uruagu and Umudim. The Nnewichi gully erosion site (located between long 261897.698E .and lat680564.525N) is about 3km long and covers an area of about 30ha. A section of the main gully is about 0.75km long and is progressing. The remaining 1.7km has a relatively mild slope and wider bed width. The gully is advancing laterally in this section. The gully has shallow depths at its tail and is deeper in the middle and head section, up to 30m depth. The width of the gully varies from 60m at shallower areas to 160m at the deeper sections. The shape of the gully is generally V-shape gully at the head with a side slope ranging from 30o to 50o and U-shape gully at the middle. In some areas, the level of gully erosion is so advanced that it destroyed the whole road and is encroaching into private properties.

Plate 1Satellite Imagery showing the Gully and Watershed Catchment of the site

The Nnewichi erosion site has developed partly due to the erosion from culvert outletand improper connection with the main drainage trunk and termination of drainages around surrounding areas.The drainage from upper catchment comes through a lined drainage and finishes in the gully. The poor drainage system encourages flooding of surrounding areas leading to erosion and gully formation and subsequently destroying road sections and threatening surrounding properties. The feasibility report prepared by SMEC shows thatthe existing canal structures were not properly built and not well connected at the outlet. This resulted to bed erosion which propagated upstream by collapsing the structure. These deficiencies in the existing canals also contributed towards the failure of the drainage system.

Plate 2Collapsed Concrete Canal Plate 3 A section of the Main Gully

Plate 4 Catch Pits dug by community to control the erosion Plate 5 Concrete canal constructed by the community to control

further erosion. Members of the community are have carried out some palliative measure by the use of concrete structuresto mitigate the impact of the gully at different sections. The NEWMAP intends to rehabilitate gully erosion sites and reduce longer-tern erosion vulnerability in the targeted areas. This activity will involve civil works such as construction of infrastructure and stabilization of the gully. An engineering design report has already been prepared for the Nnewichi gully erosion intervention, which highlights the detailed civil works that will be carried out.

The rehabilitation works will trigger some of the World Bank Safeguard Policies including Environmental Assessment OP 4.01; Natural Habitats OP 4.04; Physical and Cultural Resources OP 4.11 and Involuntary Resettlement OP 4.12.

2.4 Baseline Information

This section gives a general description of the Physical, biological and socio-economic environment of the project area.

2.4.1 Physical Environment

Climate The climate is characteristically of the Equatorial type found in South-Eastern Nigeria, essentially warm and humid. This is a resultant effect of its prevailing seasonal wind, nearness to the sea coast and the relatively flat topography of the environment. A humid Tropical Maritime (mT) from across the Atlantic Ocean in the south dominates the region in the longer wet season (April to October). A drier Tropical Continental (cT) air mass blowing from the northeast direction controls the climate and meteorology of the area during the dry season (November to March). Around December, it culminates into a very hungry (i.e. dry) and foggy harmattan wind as it blows right from across the continental region of the West African sub-region.

Most of the original Rain forest in the project community has been lost due to clearing for farming and human settlement.

Temperature Air temperature has seasonal and diurnal variations. On the average, the ambient maximum air temperature in the area varies from 28.00C to 37.50C while the minimum temperature varies from about 220C to 270C. Lowest values are recorded in the month of July through August. This coincides with the peak of the rainy season. The diurnal range is kept at a low 40C. The temperature of the area is influenced primarily by the apparent movement of the sun, wind direction and speed as well as land configuration (NIMET).

Rainfall The climate is tropical with two distinct seasons, the rainy season and the dry season. The rainy season begins around the first of May and continues into September while the dry season runs from November to April. Rainfall reaches its highest monthly maximum of 300 – 400mm during the month of June through September and drops to 0.0-1.0mm in December and January. During the rainy season, a marked interruption in the rains occurs during August, resulting in a short dry season often referred to as the “August break”, though for years now this has not been consistent in August due to climate change.

The dry season is characterized by the cold dry “Harmattan” from the Sahara Desert. During this period, which begins in November and runs through January a dry and dust laden wind blows from the Sahara Desert. This sometimes makes the hills obscure due to the poor visibility. The sun is also obscured during this period by the prevailing dust haze.

Relative humidity Relative humidity is high both day and night. It is greater than 85% at night, above 81% in the mornings and between 60% and 75% in the evenings. Generally the drier months (December to February) have lower values.

Wind Speed Wind speed is generally low and usually less than 3 m/s under calm conditions most of the year. Relatively higher wind speeds may occur mainly in the afternoons inducing convective activities and creating diffusion characteristics. Incidences of these are often associated with thunder and lightning especially during changing seasons. Atmospheric disturbances such as line squalls and disturbance lines often induce the variability that results in speeds higher than 5 m/s. Such increases characterize the beginning of rainy season (March-April) and end of heavy rains (September-October), during which storms are more frequent. The harmattan season (December to February) can give rise to occasional high wind regimes.

Wind Direction Wind directions are quite variable over the region. Data shows that about 60% of the winds are south-westerlies and westerlies during the day in the wet season (NIMET). Southerlies, south easterlies and south westerlies prevail more in the night during the period. This implies that directions are usually more variable in the nights than in the mornings.

The winds are mostly northerlies, north easterlies and north westerlies in the dry season particularly in the mornings. They are more of southerlies, south easterlies and/or westerlies during the evenings, indicating the fairly strong influences of the adjoining maritime oceanic air masses, contrasting land and sea breezes as well as appreciable degree of differential heating of the two surfaces.

Geology Nnewichi erosion site is majorly on the Ogwashi-Asaba Formation and is composed of alternating bands of sandstone and shale. The sandstone unit exhibits colours that range from yellow, whitish, red, to reddish brown. It is also mainly ferruginized and indurated, although sometimes friable. The base of the sandstone consists of poorly sorted pebbly to very coarse- grained sandy particles with mixture of some fine sand. Nanka Sand is a lateral equivalent of the Bende-Ameki Formation. The lithology consists of fine to coarse sandstone with abundant intercalations of calcareous shale and thin shaley limestone below, and of loose cross-bedded white or yellow sandstone with bands of fine-grained sandstone and sandy clay above. The Ameki Formation is uncomfortably overlain by the Ogwashi Asaba Formation. The contact between these two formations can be discerned by the occurrence of thin layers of lignite.

2.4.2 BiologicalEnvironment Flora

Nnewichi belongs to the tropical rain forest belt covering a zone of unconsolidated sedimentary rock and soil structures easily prone to massive sheet and gully erosion. Until quite recently, the dominant features of the local vegetation were such deciduous plant species as the oil bean tree, the silk- cotton and the Iroko timber trees, the oil palms and the raffia palms, and the coconut trees.

Acute population pressure drastically reducing land space for farming and forest cover has caused the decimation of most plant species generally, not least these dominant ones. Taking their places these days are such soil – stabilizing trees as cashew and bamboo plants in gully ravaged parts of Nnewichi. Fauna The fauna (animals) of a typical rain forest environment (which Nnewi is no more) include the antelopes, deer’s, monkeys, the rodents like grass cutters, apart from fowls, wild ducks and partridges. All of these have long been chased out by ever-growing human activity on a much limited land space. Endangered Species On account of unrelenting population pressure on land space further being reduced byravaging gullyerosion, virtually the entire fauna in this area now belong to theendangered species! In fact, such animals like wild cats, including Leopard and civets, wild pigs, antelopes, monkeys and even grass-cutters are now no more to be found in Nnewichi. As for the rest still around, not up to five percent of what used to exist in this area before the 1960s can still be found. Demographics The study intends to identify and document the demographic data of the project communities such as population, literacy level, occupation, dependency level, housing and social amenities. These data will be useful not only in establishing the importance of the rehabilitation of the Nnewichi gully erosion site but equally in quantifying the environmental and social impacts of the planned works which will help determine the management plans for the said project. It will also be used in the analysis for provision of livelihood alternative during the RAP Implementation. More importantly, the baseline data will be useful for monitoring and evaluating the post implementation condition of the community and by implication the success of the project. Nnewichi, the primary project area, is mostly semi-urban with some rural communities.

Local Economy Formerly an agrarian community of small scale farmers up to the 1960s, Nnewichi has since become commercial and industrial. Distributive trade is the most dominant occupation, just as the entire Nnewi town is now known nation-wide, and indeed internationally, as the hub of motor and motorcycle spare parts trade and automobile manufacturing of Nigeria. However, the vast majority of the adult are petty traders in the lower income group. There is a main market and dozens of neighborhood markets in Nnewi town. In Nnewichi there are; Eke Amuko Market, Orie Agbo Market, and Orie Obiofia Market. Land Use/Tenure

While majority of the land use is for agricultural purposes others are for residential settlement, market places and public reserve for future development uses.A combination of traditional land ownership system and government ownership of land is observed in the area. However, the Nnewichi community practices the traditional land ownership system. From time immemorial, land in this area is owned by families. Each indigenous community is made up of families of land-owing kindred’s. And within each kindred land and property ownership is by right of primogeniture (the first of the male children having the right to inherit their father’s land which they have to share with their junior brothers and half-brothers if their fathers fail to share the property before their demise). For sale of land to other persons or groups, common family land not yet shared is sold by all adult males enjoying common inheritance of the land. Individual owners are free to sale their own share of family land. However, to be transparent and hitch-free, such sales transactions need to be witnessed by a couple of the vendor’s kindred. Generally, women (daughters or spouses) of a family are by tradition never involved in such property in such property sharing and transfer deals, unfortunately. Historic and Cultural Resources Nnewichi, as a historical city, has many cultural events and places adorned with festivities and cultural monuments. It hosts many festivals, notably amongst them is the New yam which all parts of the city and masquerades from all federating towns participates in. The festival attracts all sorts of activities and celebrations which residents hold in the highest esteem. In the average home of any Nnewi citizen, they usually keep kola nuts, garden egg and peanut butter in their refrigerator in case any stranger or visitor should visit their home. Every visitation to their home begins with the offering of the kola nuts to the visitor. The kola nut is indicating that the visitor is very much welcomed. The ritual of the offering of kola nut is inspired with the giving in prayers and blessing or lobby to the supreme God and other deities, for the protection of the visitor and the host. It seems to be a custom to the people of Nnewi in any of their traditional ceremonies. Okwu ogwugwu, Edo Ezennewi, Okwu UdoandOkwu Idemili are the major shrines housed within the community. There are also some smaller shrines owned by families or individuals within the community. However, none of these were within the intervention area. Traditional Governance The obi of Nnewichi is the overall traditional ruler of Nnewichi and works in close collaboration with the Obis of Abubor, Oduda and Obiofia. Individual and sometimes collectively the obis engage in a great deal of conflict resolution in their respective domains, ensuring inter-family and inter- community peaceful co-existence, and maintaining security for the social and economic progress of Nnewichi. In matters concerning Nnewi town in general, the Obi of Nnewichi represents the interest of Nnewichi as a whole and strives for good relationship and the fair share of Nnewichi within the Local Government Administration of the day.

Grievance Redress Mechanism Traditionally, each extended family unit has a body made up of all its male house holders. It is at this forum that conflicts between members of the extended family are resolved. If not, the next level of conflict resolution is at the much taken to the Obi of that community. Tradition generally demands that such stages of conflict resolution must be exhausted before redress is sought at the court of

law. An important exception in this regard, however, is where the breach of action causing the conflict is criminal and demands the immediate attention of the law enforcement Agency. Women Participation In economic, social and religious concerns the women of Nnewichi are very active and adequately represented. It is in the political spheres that women belong almost entirely to the willing followership rather than to the leadership class. This is certainly not a result of any form of gender discrimination. However with men in the sphere of political leadership, women being in the helm of political leadership still belongs to a distant future. Health Institution There are twenty-five private hospitals/clinics, including seven children’s hospital in Nnewichi. Also the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital is in Nnewichi. There are a couple of diagnostic laboratories as well as maternity homes. Five functional government healthcare centers operate in Nnewichi. Apart from about a dozen registered chemist and full-blown drug stores, dozens of road side patent medicine stores are also in business in many parts of Nnewichi.

2.5 Socio-Economic Baseline Conditions of Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

The socio-economic assessment studies were aimed at examining the socioeconomic conditions of the PAPs. This will be relevant for measuring and monitoring the progress of this RAP implementation.

2.5.1 Gender Distribution of Respondents

It was gathered from the field survey that majority of the Respondents (about 89%) are males while females are 11% as depicted in plate 6 below. Secondary data of population within the local government shows a different picture. This may be attributed to the fact that most of the Respondents are PAPs living within and around the corridor of the gully. Also most of the women were eager to attend to family/house chores than to respond to the questionnaires presented. Furthermore the women are found mainly at the market square or their shops which are located outside the sample zone.

Sex

Female 11%

Male 89%

Female Male

Plate 6Sex of respondents

2.5.2 Age Distribution of Respondents As shown in Plate 7below, respondents range from 11 to above 61 years. The chart shows that those between ages 51-60 years and those above 61 years constitute the dominant population of Respondents with a combined proportion of about 50%. The least age group among Respondents belongs to those from 11-20 with a population of 2%. The highest population of Respondents (26%) were within 51 to 60years.The younger population are predominant around the residential areas or schools while the more elderly are visible in the around the Market and center of the town.

Age

2% 24% 11% 18%

26% 19%

11 to 20 21 to 30 31 to 40 41 to 50 51 to 60 61 and above

Plate 7Age Distribution of Respondents

2.5.3 Marital status of Respondents

Respondents are predominantly married people (about 87%) as depicted in plate 8below. Singles are the other marital status that featured among the Respondents. The significance of this result is that Respondents are majorly men and women who are the breadwinners and help mates in their respective households. Sampling was performed within the project environment and not the entire Nnewi. This is due to the fact that the area selected is the area of envisaged impact. Though the data collected and reviewed shows that there is no widow among the respondents, this does not mean that the entire community does not have widows/widowers as observed among the vulnerable groups.

Marital Status

13%

Married Single 87%

Plate 8 Marital Status of Respondents

2.5.4 Religious practice of Respondents All but one of the respondents are Christians. No Muslim was among the Respondents. The only none Christian that responded to the questionnaires practice African Traditional Religion. It goes to show that cultural heritage is an integral part of some of the Respondents even though Christianity is practiced in the community.

2.5.5 Literacy Level and Educational Infrastructure Most people or Respondents have some form of education (97%). The highest number of Respondents (57%) Indicated that their highest level of academic qualification is FSLC (Plate 9).About 2% of the Respondents don’t have any form of formal education. This shows that majority of Respondents have the minimum level of education that might help them in making informed decision, or participate meaningfully during discussions as it affects the project implementation. LITERACY LEVEL 60 57.01754386

30 23.68421053 20 11.40350877 10 4.385964912 0.877192982 2.631578947 0 32 FSLC WAEC TCI/OND HND/Degree MSC/PHD None

Plate 9Literacy level of Respondents

2.5.6 Water and Sanitation

27% of respondents get domestic water from privately owned boreholes while 43% make use of water from commercial boreholes (Plate 10 below). About 30% of respondents use water from other sources which include a combination of water vendors (25%), River (2%) etc. A small amount of respondents use water from water collected in very few occasions.

Water Source

2%3% 25% 43%

27%

Borehole (commercial) Borehole(Private) Water Vendor River Pond

Plate 10Water Source for domestic use

It was also deduced from the field work that about 49% of the respondents use Pit latrines while 41% make use of water closet as seen in the plate below. 10% of the respondents defecate in the bush and this was evident during the field trip as faeces were seen littered in different sections of farm lands and bush.

Toilet facility

10%

41% Bush

49% Pit Water Closet

Plate 11 Type of Toilet Facility 2.5.7 Household Waste Disposal, Cooking Fuel and Electricity

About 14% of the people in the area dispose their household waste in the bush. 5% dispose their refuse by open dump which includes into the gully. About 67% of the respondents make use of firewood for cooking while the rest use either kerosene Charcoal or Gas as shown in plate below. The survey also showed that electricity is obtained from the national grid within the project communities. However, their services are epileptic. As an alternative source of electricity, the people mostly use hurricane lamps (56%) and Generators (44%).

Refuse Disposal

27% 45% 5% 14% 9%

Burning Burying Bush Open dump Organised disposal

Plate 12Refuse disposal methods

Cooking Fuel

18% 5%

10%

67%

Charcoal Firewood Gas Kerosene

Plate 13Type of fuel used for cooking 34

Source of Energy

59.64912281 56.14035088 60 43.85964912 50 40 23.68421053 30 16.66666667 20 10 0 0 PHCN Huricane Lamp Private Gen

Primary Secondary

Plate 14Source of Energy

2.5.8 Average household size of Respondents The survey shows that most of the Respondents (38%) run medium sized households (Plate 15 below). 35% of the Respondents have large sized households while 27% have families of 1-2 members. This goes to show that the level of dependent on the Head of Household will be much and there will be a heavy burden on the family if involuntary displacement occurs.

Family Size

27% 35%

38%

Large Medium Small

Plate 15Family size 35

2.5.9 Occupation

Plate 16 below shows that majority (90%) of the Respondents in this community are self-employed with 49% engaged in trading, while 13% of the respondents are farmers. 5% of the Respondents are public servant, then the remaining (7%) are artisans and engage in such businesses as welding, mason, mechanic etc.

Primary Occupation Secondary Occupation

7% 5% Artisan 69 19% Civil Service 2% 5% Company Employment 13% Farming

Trading 29 49% Unemployed Others 5 11

Farming Trading None Others

Plate 16Respondents Household Occupation

2.5.10 Average Income status of Respondents

Field survey (depicted in Plate 17 below)shows that dominant income groups amongst Respondents fall within₦31,000 and above per Month. The survey also shows that about 9% fall within the income of ₦0- ₦5000 per month while about 12% of Respondents earn ₦21,000 to ₦30,000 per month.

Average Income

9% 8% 14% 57% 12%

0 to 5000 6000 to 10000 11000 to 20000 21000 to 30000 31000 and Above

Plate 17Average Income of Respondents 36

Average income of Respondents in the project area were measured at two levels; the overall average which indicates an aggregation of middle and low level income earning Respondents and the low income groups with lowest limit of N500 per day. The outcome is that on the overall aggregation, Respondents mean income is ₦4,000 or $10 per day (for middle and low income combined) and ₦1200 or $3 per day for lower income group using an exchange rate of ₦400/1$. Based on the later statistic, Respondents in the project area earn on the average, about $2,640 per annum. This Plate puts Respondents in the class of middle-income economy group according to World Bank development indicators (World Bank, 2016) Lower-middle-income and upper-middle- income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $4,125.

Although these results imply that Respondents can maintain reasonably, good standard of living, it is however, not inconceivable that impacts on their sources of livelihood may have adverse impacts on their income sustenance and standard of living, especially with the dependence on trading, farming as well as low rate of saving culture in the less developed countries.

2.5.11 Infrastructural Development Most of the roads leading to Nnewichi are tarred through state and LGA efforts. However, some sections of the road within the communities have been washed off by flood. The erosion has also cut off some sections of the road joining both villages within Nnewich thereby affecting travel time. There is GSM telecommunication facilities of various networks available in the area and have considerably good connection.Nnewichi have over many Nursery and Primary Schools. There are also some Secondary within the community. About 12% believe that these institutions are in very good conditions while 49%, 27% and 12% believe that they are Good, Fair and Poor respectively.

Roads within Community

12%

54% 34%

Poor Fair Good

Plate 18Access road within community

Schools in Community

12% 12%

27%

49%

Poor Fair Good Very Good

Plate 19Nature of Schools within the Community

2.5.12 Desirability of the Project

All the respondents showed high level of acceptance of the project stating that the gully erosion site poses high risk for the members of the community. They also indicated that the gully has denied them several social amenities and access into neighbouring Villages.

2.5.13 Health Status Survey For the purpose of this ESMP, a Rapid appraisal was adopted as the health impact is envisaged to be minimal. A Rapid Health Impact Assessment checklist designed in consideration of the environmental and social determinants of health as it affects the sub-project was used for the assessment.

Consultations with the members of the project community and the health centres revealed that all wards in the LGAs within the project area have at least a PHF. This was confirmed from the Federal Ministry of Health Directory of Health Facilities (2011). Some of the PHC visited showedsome level of under staffing. They all lacked medical doctors on call however, some consultants come in once in a while. The PHC have mainly community health workers and midwives.

Services provided at the PHC in the project community include but are not limited to child health and antenatal services, vaccination, anti-malarial treatment, antibacterial intervention services, etc. More serious ailments are referred to the General hospitals or the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital. The Table below shows responses received from households on awareness and use of healthcare facilities.

Table 1Healthcare Assessment

ITEMS RESPONSES (%)

Yes No Indifferent

Awareness / existence of HCFs 100 0 0

Satisfaction with proximity of HCF to household 80 10 10

Adequacy of HCF personnel 10 90 0

Availability of drugs 40 60 0

Affordability of drugs 30 50 20

Households that attend antenatal 100 0 0

The Table above shows that All of the households are aware of the availability of HCFs in their community, although adequate staffing, cost/availability of drugs may be a challenge to many. The high level of awareness and compliance to use of HCFs may be as a result of the Community being within Nnewi Town.Some members of the communities still combine orthodox means (e.g. herbs) of treatment.

Malaria is prevalent in the area. This may be as a result of the presence of breeding sites for the vector within the project areas (potholes on access roads etc.). Other diseases reported include Typhoid, Pneumonia and Round worm infestation. Atritis is a common condition found among the older members of the community.

2.5.14 Respondents legal or title right to property Different means of ownership of property/asset was highlighted, in which the majority (92%) are owned by Individual while 1% are on rent and 7% are family shared properties. About (80%) own right to the property by inheritance. None of PAPs recorded have legal right to property through certificate of occupancy (C of O). This may be due to the fact that the site is within a rural settlement.

2.5.15 Replacement Options Most project affected persons interviewed preferred cash assistance as replacements options. While some of the PAPs prefer not to be compensated about PAPs would prefer Land for Land replacement or House for House replacement as the case may be.

Replacement Option

3% 13% 2% Cash assistance

House for House Land for Land 82% None

Plate 20Choice of Replacement option

3 CHAPTER THREE: POLICY LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

3.1 Introduction

Anumberof nationalandinternationalenvironmentalguidelines are applicabletothe operationoftheNEWMAP.Thepolicy andregulatoryframeworks discussed in this section guidedthe preparation of this RAP.

3.2 TheResettlementPolicyFramework (RPF)for theNEWMAP

TheResettlementPolicy Framework(RPF)waspreparedasaguidetosetoutthegeneral termsunderwhich landacquisition/encroachment,and/oranyformofinvoluntary displacementofpersonsfromthelandorrightofwayoftheprojectcantakeplace,to complywiththeWorldBankOperationalPolicy(OP4.12-InvoluntaryResettlement).

TheRPFspecifiedthatduringimplementationstageandfollowingthe identificationofsub- projectsand sites for thedevelopments,individual resettlementaction plans should be preparedthatmustbeconsistent withtheprovisionsof theRPF.Italsoprovidedageneric processforthe preparationofresettlement plans.

TheRPF specifiedthatinaddressingimpacts,resettlement plansmust includemeasuresto ensurethatthe displacedpersons are:

 Informedabouttheiroptionsand rightspertainingtoresettlement;  Consulted on, offered choicesamong,and providedwith technicallyand economicallyfeasibleresettlementalternatives;  Providedpromptandeffectivecompensationatfullreplacementcostforlossesof assetsandaccessattributabletotheproject;  Enabled to restore and preferably improve their living standards compared to the pre-project Condition.

Intheoverall,amajorobjectiveoftheRPFwas toensurethatPAPs aremeaningfully consulted,participatedinthe planningprocess andareadequatelycompensated to the extent that at least their pre-displacementincomeshavebeenrestoredandinafairand transparentprocess.

The RPFspecifiedthatoccupantswho must be displacedwill bemovedat minimumcost andatshortdistanceaspossible.Italsostatesthatoccupantswhomustbemoved willbeassistedphysicallybyinclusionofpreparatorysiteworkintheworksprogrammeof thecontractorand/orbypaymentstomoveshopsand itemsoflivelihoodstoalternative locations.Italsorecommended thesettingupofadisputeresolutionmechanismthatwill address complaints and grievances that may emanate from the resettlement or compensationprocess.

Thepreparationof this Resettlement plan is consistent with the guidelines and recommendations of the RPF ofNEWMAP, which isalso found to be in agreement with the guidelines ofthe WorldBank OP4.12.

3.3 RelevantNigeriaActs andLegislations

3.3.1 LandUseActof1978andResettlementProcedures

TheLandUseAct,Cap202,1990Laws oftheFederationofNigeriais theapplicablelaw regardingownership,transfer, acquisitionand allsuchdealings onLand.Theprovisions of theAct vesteveryParcelofLandin every StateoftheFederation inthe ExecutiveGovernor oftheState.Heholdssuchparceloflandintrustforthepeopleandgovernmentofthe State.TheActcategorizedtheland inastateto urban and non-urban or local areas.The administration of theurban land is vestedintheGovernor, whilethelatteris vestedinthe LocalGovernment Councils.Atanyrate, alllandsirrespectiveofthecategory belongstothe Statewhileindividualsonlyenjoyarightofoccupancyas containedinthecertificateof occupancy,or where the grantsare “deemed”.

Thus theLandUseActis thekeylegislationthathas directrelevancetoresettlement and compensationinNigeria. RelevantSectionsoftheselaws withrespecttoland ownershipand property rights, resettlement and compensation are summarized in this section.

The Governor administersthelandfor thecommongoodandbenefits of allNigerians.Thelaw makesitlawfulfortheGovernortograntstatutoryrightsofoccupancyforallpurposes; granteasements appurtenanttostatutoryrights of occupancy andtodemandrent.The StatutoryrightsofOccupancyareforadefinitetime(thelimitis99years)andmaybe grantedsubjecttothetermsof anycontractmadebetweenthestateGovernor andthe Holder.

Local governments may grant customary rights of occupancy to land in any non-urban area to any person or organization for agricultural, residential, and other purposes, including grazing and other customary purposes ancillary to agricultural use. Butthelimitofsuchgrantis 500hectaresfor agriculturalpurposeand5,000for grazing exceptwiththeconsentoftheGovernor.ThelocalGovernment,undertheActisallowed toenter,useandoccupy for publicpurposesanylandwithinitsjurisdictionthatdoesnotfall within an areacompulsorilyacquiredbytheGovernmentof theFederationor of relevant State; or subject to any laws relating to minerals or mineral oils.

Requirements oftheLand UseAct

TheStateisrequiredtoestablishanadministrativesystemfortherevocation oftherightsof occupancy, andpayment ofcompensationfortheaffectedparties.So,theLandUseAct providesfortheestablishmentofaLandUseandAllocationCommitteeineachStatethat determinesdisputesastocompensationpayableforimprovementsontheland.(Section2 (2) (c).

In addition, each Stateisrequired to set upaLandAllocation Advisory Committee, to advise the Local Government on matters related to the management of land. The holderor occupierofsuchrevoked landistobe entitled tothevalueofthe unexhausteddevelopment as atthedateofrevocation.(Section6)(5).Wherelandsubjectto customaryrightof Occupancy and usedfor agricultural purposesisrevoked under the Land UseAct,the local government can allocate alternative land forthe same purpose (section 6) (6).

Iflocalgovernmentrefuses or neglects withinareasonabletimetopaycompensationtoa holderoroccupier,theGovernormayproceed toeffectassessmentundersection29and directtheLocalGovernmenttopaytheamount ofsuchcompensationtotheholderor occupier. (Section 6) (7).

Wherearight of occupancyis revokedonthegroundeither thatthelandis requiredbythe Local,StateorFederal Governmentforpublicpurposeorfortheextractionofbuilding materials,theholder andtheoccupier shallbeentitledto compensationfor thevalueat the dateof revocationof their unexhaustedimprovements.Unexhaustedimprovementhas been defined by theAct as:

anythingof anyqualitypermanently attachedtothe land directlyresultingfromtheexpenditureof capitalorlabourby anyoccupieroranypersonactingonhisbehalf, andincreasingtheproductive capacity theutility or the amenity thereof andincludes buildings plantations oflong-livedcrops or trees,fencingwalls,roads andirrigationorreclamationworks,butdoesnotincludethe resultof ordinarycultivation other thangrowing produce.

Developed Land isalsodefined in the underSection50 (1) asfollows:

Landwhere there exists any physicalimprovementinthenature ofroad developmentservices,water, electricity, drainage, building,structure or suchimprovementsthat may enhancethevalue oftheland for industrial, agricultural or residential purposes.

Itfollowsfromtheforegoingthatcompensationisnotpayableonvacantlandonwhich thereexistnophysicalimprovementsresultingfromtheexpenditureofcapitalorlabour. Thecompensationpayableis theestimatedvalueof theunexhaustedimprovements atthe date of revocation.

Paymentofsuchcompensationtotheholderand theoccupierassuggestedbytheActis confusing. Doesitreferto holder in physical occupation ofthe land or twodifferent persons entitledtocompensation perhapsinequal shares?Thecorrectviewappearstofollowfrom thegeneral tenorofthe Act.First,thepresumptionismorelikelytobethe ownerofsuch unexhaustedimprovements.Secondly,theprovisionofsection6 (5)oftheAct,which makescompensationpayabletotheholder andtheoccupier accordingtotheir respective interests, givesapre-emptory directiveasto who shall beentitled towhat.

AgaintheActprovides insection 30that wheretherearises anydisputeas totheamount of compensationcalculatedin accordance withtheprovisions ofsection 29,suchdisputeshall bereferredtotheappropriateLandUseandAllocationCommittee.Itisclearfromsection

47 (2)ofthe Act that no further appeal will liefrom the decision of such acommittee. If this isso,thentheprovisionisnotonlyretrospectivebutalsoconflicts withthefundamental principleofnaturaljustice,whichrequiresthatapersonshallnotbeajudgeinhisown cause.TheActmust,inmakingthisprovision,haveproceededonthe basisthatthe committeeisadistinctbodyquitedifferentfromtheGovernor ortheLocalGovernment.It issubmitted,however,thatitwillbedifficulttopersuadethepublicthatthis issosincethe membersof the committee are allappointeesof theGovernor.

Where a right of occupancy is revoked for public purposes within the state of the Federation;oronthegroundofrequirementofthelandfor theextractionofbuilding materials, the quantumof compensation shall be asfollows:

 Inrespectoftheland,anamountequaltotherent,ifany, paidbytheoccupierduringtheyearin whichthe right of occupancy was revoked.  inrespectofthebuilding,installationorimprovementstherein,fortheamountofthereplacement costofthebuilding,installationorimprovementstobe assessedonthe basisof prescribedmethodof assessment as determinedby the appropriate officer lessany depreciation, together with interest at the

bankratefordelayedpaymentofcompensation.Withregardstoreclamationworks,thequantum ofcompensationissuchcostasmay besubstantiated bydocumentaryevidenceandprooftothe satisfaction of the appropriate officer.  inrespectofcropsonland,thequantumofcompensationisanamountequaltothevalueasprescribe d anddeterminedby the appropriate officer.

Wheretheright of occupancyrevokedis inrespectof apart of alargerportionofland, compensationshallbecomputedinrespectofthewholelandforanamount equalinrent,if any,paidby theoccupier duringtheyearin whichtherightofoccupancywasrevokedlessa proportionateamountcalculatedinrelationtothe areanot affectedbytherevocation;and anyinterestpayableshall beassessedandcomputedinthelikemanner. Wherethereis any buildinginstallationorimprovementorcrops ontheportionrevoked,thequantumof compensationshallfollowasoutlinedaboveand anyinterestpayableshallbecomputedin likemanner.

3.3.2 Forestry Act This Act of 1958 provides for the preservation of forests and the setting up of forest reserves. It is an offence, punishable with up to 6 months imprisonment, to cut down trees over 2ft in girth or to set fire to the forest except under special circumstances. Nigeria is at present a wood deficit nation. In order to ameliorate the situation, the policy on forest resources management and sustainable use is aimed at achieving self-sufficiency in all aspects of forest production through the use of sound forest management techniques as well as the mobilization of human and material resources. The overall objectives of forest policy are to prevent further deforestation and to recreate forest cover, either for productive or for protective purposes, on already deforested fragile land.

Specifically, the National Agricultural Policy of 1988 in which the Forestry Policy is subsumed, provides for:

 Consolidation and expansion of the forest estate in Nigeria and its management for sustained yield.  Regeneration of the forests at rates higher than exploitation.  Conservation and protection of the environment viz: forest, soil, water, flora, fauna and the protection of the forest resources from fires, cattle grazers and illegal encroachment.  Development of Forestry industry through the harvesting and utilization of timber, its derivatives and the reduction of wastes.  Wildlife conservation, management and development through the creation and effective management of national parks, game reserves, tourist and recreational facilities, etc.

3.4 StateLegislations

Therelevantstateministryis theAnambra StateMinistryofLands, Survey, Housing and Urban Planning.Someof the functionsof the StateMinistry include taking up responsibilityfor allformoflandpolicies within thestate.Itgivesadvicestothegovernmentonlandtenureissues,and alsomanages government land and properties. TheMinistryisalsotaskedwithadministrativerights to

land use decree, urbandevelopment, city and town rejuvenation.

3.5 InternationalGuidelines

InternationalDevelopmentPartners/AgenciessuchasWorldBankand otherfinancial organizations interested indevelopmentprojects recognizethis highlyespeciallyin development that result in involuntary resettlement. It is against thisbackgroundthat policiesand guidelineshavebeen set formanagingsuch issues.

TheWorldBank’spolicyoninvoluntaryresettlementwillbeappliedinanysub-projectof theNEWMAP thatdisplaces peoplefromlandorproductiveresourcesduetolandtake. WherethereisconflictbetweennationallegislationandWorldBankOperationalPolicies, the latter policies shall prevail.

3.6 TheWorldBankPolicyonInvoluntaryResettlement(OP.4.12)andthe RAP for Nnewichi Gully Erosion site

TheBank’s policyon Involuntary Resettlementadvocates that wherefeasible,involuntary resettlementshouldbeavoidedor minimized. Resettlementshallbe conceived andexecuted asasustainabledevelopmentprogram,whereitisinevitable,providing sufficientinvestment resourcesto enablepersonsdisplaced by theproject share in project benefit.

Personsdisplaced shall be:

i. Dulyconsultedandshouldhaveopportunitytoparticipateintheplanningand execution ofthe resettlement; ii. Compensated fortheir losses at full replacement cost prior to civil works; iii. Assistedwiththemoveandsupportedduringthetransitionalperiodinthe resettlement site; iv. Assisted in their effort to improve their former living standards, incomeearning capacityand production levelsor at least torestore them FortheNnewichi gully erosion site rehabilitation,which willalsoinvolve civil works,theWorldBankrequiredthepreparationof aResettlementActionPlan, which willguideintheexecutionofasustainableresettlementor compensation processfor all the PAPs. A RAP is deemed best fit because it is envisaged that the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) will begreater than 200 persons and/or level of income loss by the PAPs will be greater than 10%.

3.6.1 Comparison between Land UseActandtheWorldBank’sPolicy(OP4.12)on Compensation

InthissectionacomparisonismadebetweentheWorldBankpolicies(OP4.12)andtheNigerianLandUseA ct.WhereasthelawrelatingtolandadministrationinNigeriaiswide andvaried,entitlements for paymentofcompensation areessentiallybasedonrightof ownership.TheBank’s OP4.12is fundamentallydifferentfromthis andstatesthat affected personsareentitledtosomeformofcompensationwhetherornottheyhavelegaltitleif theyoccupy theland byan announced cut-offdate.

TheNigeriaLandUseActand WorldBankSafeguardsPolicyOP/BP4.12agreethat compensationshouldbegiventoPAPsintheeventoflandacquisitionand displacementof personspriortothecommencementof works. Thus alllandtobeacquiredbythe governmentforthisprojectwillbesoacquiredsubjecttotheLawsofNigeriaandthe Bank OP4.12.

Table 2Comparison of Nigerian land Use Act and World Bank OP4.12 on compensation

S/N Category of PAPS Nigerian Law World Bank OP/4.12

1 Land Owners- statutory Cash compensation based Recommends land-for-land compensation. Other rights upon market value. compensation is at replacement cost.

2 Land Owner- customary Cash compensation for land Equivalent value. If not, cash at replacement value, rights full improvements; including kind transfer costs compensation with other village/district land

3 Land Tenants Entitled to compensation Are entitled to some form of compensation whatever based upon the amount of the legal recognition of their occupancy. rights they hold upon land.

4 Land Users Not entitled to compensation Entitled to compensation for crops, may be entitled to for land, entitled to replacement of land and income shall be restored to compensation for crops. pre-project levels at least.

5 Owners of “Non- Cash compensation based on Entitled to in-kind compensation or cash permanent” Buildings market value. compensation at full replacement cost including labor and relocation expenses, prior to displacement.

6 Owners of “Permanent” Cash Compensation is based Entitled to in-kind compensation or cash buildings on market value. compensation at full replacement cost including labor and relocation expenses, prior to displacement.

Grievance Management Project affected person will be The World Bank employs affordable and accessible required to make a plea at the procedures for third-party settlement of disputes High court. arising from resettlement; such grievance mechanisms should take into account the availability of judicial recourse and community and traditional dispute settlement mechanisms.

Loss of Livelihood No Livelihood Restoration World Bank identify measures to assist affected Mechanism persons in their efforts to improve their livelihoods or restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels, while maintaining the sustainability of the protected area.

Rejection of Arbitration procedure may be A good grievance mechanism should be simple to Compensation evoked understand, but not simplistic in its dealings with people and issues. When there is a rejection of compensation the choice and execution approach should be revised and carried out.

This RAP willbe aligned withtheWorld BankOperationalPoliciesincludingInvoluntary ResettlementPolicywhichindicate bestpracticesfor rehabilitationoflivelihoodsofpeople affectedbytheimplementationof theproject. This issobecausetheyareinvolvedinthe fundingoftheproject andalsobecausetheirrespectivepoliciesmostfulfilthepro-poor objectivesoftheproject,ensuringthattheconditionsofPAPsarepreferablyimprovedand atleastrestoredtopredisplacementlevels aswellasoffersspecial considerationsfor vulnerable and

landless PAP.

3.6.2 ConclusionDrawnfrom the Review of WorldBankPoliciesonInvoluntary Resettlement

ReviewofthedifferentpolicyguidelinesoftheWorldBank(OP/BP 4.12)showsthat primarily,the World BankagreethatPAPsbecompensatedorassistedirrespectiveof legal statusofPAPstotheland/orplace theyoccupy.Thekeyconcernarticulatedinthispolicyis toensurethatPAPsarecompensatedorassistedincludingincomerestorationmeasures to ensurethatthey arenot economicallyworseoff relativeto pre-project period.

However, intheeventofdivergencebetweenthetwo,the WorldBanksafeguardpolicyshalltake precedence over NigeriaLand Use Act.

4 CHAPTER FOUR: IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT IMPACTS AND PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS

Chapter 1 of this report provides the methodology employed for impacts and PAPs identification, which included census/inventory survey and consultation with the PAPs. Consultation with the project community and PAPs started during the preliminary visit in February, 2017.

The inventory taken showed that land will be acquired as a result of the project. This involves the 10m setback along the gully corridor which will be reserved for planting of economic trees that will help control erosion as well as provide some source of livelihood for the community.

Crops planted on farmlands and associated economic trees were observed as important features that would be affected in the event of the proposed work along the corridor of the gullies. It was also observed that structures and fences along the corridor of the gully are other categories of impacts by the proposed work.

Plate 21Impacted Property by existing situation Plate 22 Site Committee assisting Consultants in field work

4.1 Impact Reduction Measures Undertaken

The following are technical steps taken by the Anambra State NEWMAP PMU which have resulted in the reduction of adverse impacts of the project:  The engineering design for the intervention by backfilling as well as geotextile was employed in some areas.  The setback for access and buffer on the corridor was made known to the stakeholders to be 10 meters and that in the event of work in such locations all affected properties are to be removed by their owners upon receipt of due compensation to give the required right of way for the work.  Consulting/communicating with the people of the project area and PAPs in particular on the day and time to expect civil work activities within their respective location. This will give the PAPs opportunity to harvest mature crops before the beginning of civil works. In spite of the outlined impact reduction measures above, mitigation measures have also been clearly prepared in this document, which is in line with the World Bank policy (OP 4.12) on involuntary resettlement to ensure that those who must suffer economic impact are restored to the

pre-project state. It should be noted that Payment of compensation is a condition precedence for relocation of PAPs. Upon receipt of compensation, PAPS properties shall be removed before start of works.

4.2 Land acquisition along the corridor

As already established above, land acquisition will occur as a result of the project. Space may be required in the set back that will serve as camp, where equipment and materials will be stored and used. This will be minimal and restricted to the 10m set back from the edges of the gully. Also entry points have been provided in the design to allow access to work areas. This was discussed with the community and owners provided suitable locations for these. Although there are some assets within these setbacks which are mostly farm crops and economic trees, as well as parts of structures such as fences and buildings the proposed rehabilitation will be managed to avoid or at least reduce interference with any of the structures such as concrete fence or buildings.

4.3 Positive Impacts of the project

The NnewichiGully Erosion Rehabilitation project will have a lot of beneficial impacts on the community. This include but not limited to termination/control of the gully erosions, reduced loss of infrastructure (e.g. houses), reduced loss of agricultural land and productivity from soil loss caused by surface erosion, provision of good drainage, improved sanitation. The project will also progressively restore vegetative cover, improve environmental conditions and more humid local microclimates resulting in increased vegetation cover for wildlife and carbon sequestration thereby improving the environment through land stabilization measures which preserve the landscape and biodiversity. In spite of these significant positive impacts, there are concerns for negative socio-economic impacts to the PAPs and communities because project activities will cause loss of assets, loss of income, physical displacement, restriction to access to source of livelihood, involuntary displacement/relocation and impact on cultural heritage.

4.4 Negative Impact of the Project

Assets shall be displaced by the proposed intervention work. Depending on the amount of land space needed for the work at the given locations along the corridor between 5-10m, the potential assets that could be affected have been identified and an inventory of the assets as well as the PAPs taken and are summarized.

4.5 Discussion of project Impacts

The affected assets include economic trees and farmlands, essentially. However some structures may also be affected in the cause of the civil works. These have been identified as shown below;

Loss of Land: There will be Loss of land as a result of the project. This affects a total of One Hundred and Two (102)) PAPs. These are mainly Land owners within the 10m set back along the gully corridor. Loss of Buildings or Structure: Due to rapid activity of the gullies, some area of land has been taken by the erosion thereby encroaching into structures, extension of fences and pavements on the gully corridor. There may be significant adverse economic impacts on PAPs in such conditions. This group

of persons might lose part of their structures and possibly income earned from them. About 28 (PAPs) were identified in this category. This comprise of Individual and Family owned structures.

Loss of other Means of Livelihood (Shops/Kiosks):It was observed that none of the PAPs own shops/Kiosks within the project corridor. However, some of the PAPs whose source of livelihood is farming will be impacted. This category of PAPs will be allowed to harvest their mature crops from their farmlandsbefore the civil works commence. However, in a situation whereby these crops will be affected, cash compensation have been capture for the category.

Loss of Economic Trees: The gully erosion cuts across the major farm lands and fallow areas of the project communities. Farming activities have been suspended in some of these areas due to the emergence of the erosion. Palm trees are the dominant trees in this area with most of them within the 10 meters setback on both sides of the gully edge. Other trees include bread fruit, oil bean, oha tree, nturukpa tree, soft wood, kola nut, Udara, Avocado pear, local pear, Bamboo, ugiri, etc. Types and quantity of these economic trees as well as the owners are outlined in the appendix.

Loss of Agricultural Resources (Crops): The major crop affected within the area is mainly Cassava. Other crops identified include cocoa-yam,yam, spinach, pumpkin etc.

Impact on Utilities: There are no major public utilities identified within the setback along the Gully corridor that could be affected in the course of work or that will constitute hindrance to project activities.

Loss of access to common (community) property: Though the project transvers through community land, no community owned assets were impacted.

Loss of Cultural Property:2 Graves belonging to the parents of Victor Chukwunonye were identified within the 10m setback along the gully corridor. It is worthy of note, at this point, that the World Bank OP 4.11 is triggered. These may be impacted and compensation was discussed and analysed with the PAP. PAP gave a breakdown of requirement needed for the relocation which has been captured in the compensation schedule.

The OP 4.11 provides for physical cultural resources management plan that measures to avoid or mitigate any adverse impacts on physical cultural resources management of chance finds, any necessary measures for strengthening institutional capacity for the management of physical cultural resources a monitoring system to track the progress of these activities. This will be addressed by the ESMP prepared for this project. Continuous consultation with traditional authorities and local communities will be employed as part of mitigation.

Impact on Vulnerable Group: People who by their disadvantage conditions will be economically worse impacted by project activities than others such as female headed households, persons with disability, persons with HIV-AIDS and elderly household heads of above 60 years with dependents were considered vulnerable. Those within this group and may be impacted are Sixty-Seven (67)

which included widows and elderly poor persons (above 60) with dependents. No disabled person was identified.

Potential Relocation Areas: Twenty-eight (28) buildings which were mainly dilapidated or uncompleted were identified to be directly affected during the implementation of this project based on the established setback and design suggestions. A community hall (Akwukwu hall) will also be impacted partially. Those within this group requested for cash assistance as compensation.

4.6 Inventory of affected assets/structures in the project area

About 114 Assets/structures/farms will be negatively impacted due to the sub-project activities. Some of the PAPs have one or more of their assets/structures affected. These include fences, buildings, and agricultural products. (See Annex 3 for Complete Inventory and Census Registration of PAPs)

4.7 Census of Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

Census of PAPs was carried out based on the methodology described in Chapter 1. The outcome shows that 114 persons will be potentially impacted/suffer socio-economic losses as a result of sub- project activities. The census register for the RAP describes the names of PAPs, means of identification/contact and affected items. (Annex 3).

4.8 Analysis of Impacts and Income Restoration Measures for Vulnerable Group/PAPs

Sixty Seven (67) vulnerable persons were enumerated during the ARAP census consist of widows and the elderly poor persons (above 60) with dependents as well as Women and Youth headed households. There was no identified vulnerable PAP in the category of HIV-AIDS persons and child headed households. No mentally disabled persons were identified as part of the PAPs.

The objective of income restoration measures for the vulnerable persons is to ensure that they are reasonably assisted to overcome potential economic shock from the project, and maintain the quality of life not less than their pre-project state because; they are at higher risk than others based on their vulnerability disadvantage. The kind/cash assistance for vulnerable group and PAPs in general shall be administered by the proponent through the resettlement committee or through NGOs in consultation with the PAPs. To ensure that income restoration measures are effective all the articulated resettlement measures will be carried out prior to the project implementation.

The income restoration plan (skill acquisition, assistance) to vulnerable groups shall be funded through the amount to be set aside for administration within the livelihood restoration budget. This fund will be set aside by the SMEnv through its counterpart responsibility to project’s due diligence and shall preferably be operated/administered by the resettlement committee to be appointed and supervised by the SPMU during RAP implementation.

An amount of N60,000 flat each was provided for the vulnerable person who were identified to suffer major loss of income as a result of the project. This amount was reached at based on the

average turnover/income of PAPs in the project area, and the consideration that an average PAP household spends about N3000 on consumption per day. The estimated amount will provide subsistence for 20 days within which economic shocks occasioned by displacement and/or adjustment would take.

4.9 Performance Indicator for Assessing Income Restoration

Performance indicators and monitoring are important in evaluating the progress and effectiveness of the resettlement plan as well as the income restoration measures. It is the responsibility of the monitoring and evaluation officer and/or the Safeguard Officer at the PMU to design a schedule and budget for monitoring the implementation of the RAP which will begin before project implementation and continue through the life cycle of the project. The monitoring indicators, which provide the basics for requirement of RAP income restoration progress is discussed in details in Chapter eleven and in annex 2. Positive results or improvement over the baseline conditions will be indicative of track record consistent with the objective of resettlement plan while performances below the baseline conditions indicate failure of the resettlement plan from meeting the desired objectives. In this case, the safeguard officer/monitoring officer is expected to report to the SPMU early and offer ways for improvement/modification of the restoration measures. For successful implementation of the resettlement plan, PAPs must be given prior orientation, perhaps during the training and enlightenment workshop and must be informed that there will be periodic monitoring of their activities.

4.10 The Valuation methodology

Valuation of assets to be affected by the implementation of the project was conducted using a general principle adopted in the formulation of the compensation valuation, which follows the World Bank policy that lost income and asset will be valued at their full replacement cost such that the PAPs should experience no net loss. The asset valuation was conducted based on the current market prices in the project area. For some materials, prices vary on the basis of quality, taste and product brand. Therefore, in such cases the average market price plus 2% price flexibility adjustment was used for the valuation. Below is the outcome of the market survey carried out in February, 2017 in Nnewichi, Nnewi North LGA, Anambra State Nigeria. Table 3 Market Survey from Nnewichi

Category Materials Unit Amount (Naira)

Structures (Building, Wooden Windows No N 2500 balcony, Fence, Wall, Pavement) Cement kg N2700

Wooden Doors No N7000

Length of Iron mm N1900/N2400/N3000 (10mm/12mm/16mm)

Zinc Bundle N 13000

Block (6”/9”) 1 sqm N 130/N 140

Wood/plank (2x2/2x4) No N 300/400

50kg bag of Sand Kg N 500

50kg bag of Stones Kg N 800

Truck Hire within the N 15000 Village

Labour cost: Mason, 1 artisan N 3,500/N2,000 Carpenter, etc Per day

Currency exchange rate (April 2017): N400 : $1

Nigeria's consumer prices increased 17.26 percent year-on-year in March of 2017, easing from a 17.78 percent rise in the previous month. The inflation rate slowed for the second straight month, led by food and non-food prices, namely housing and utilities, clothing and footwear and transport. Annual core inflation rate was 15.44 percent, the lowest since April last year. On a monthly basis, consumer prices increased 1.72 percent. Inflation Rate in Nigeria averaged 12.36 percent from 1996 until 2017, reaching an all-time high of 47.56 percent in January of 1996 and a record low of - 2.49 percent in January of 2000 (Plate 23). Based on prevailing macroeconomic variables in Nigeria which is demonstrated by an unstable exchange rate between N300 and N400 to the Dollar in the last 6 months and the inflation situation described above, it can be predicted that the exchange rate used in this valuation and the 5% inflation correction item (pegging inflation at not more than 18%) assumption will be realistic over the next 12 to 15 months considering the government’s effort in stabilizing the economy.

Plate23 Average monthly inflation rate (NBS, 2017)

The method of valuations has been communicated to and dialogued with the PAPs during consultations as presented in the section below.

4.10.1 Valuation Method for Land Property In line with OP4.12 of the World Bank on involuntary resettlement as stated in the entitlement matrix, land for land entitlement is prescribed. In so doing, it is also important to take into cognizance the size of the land and location since these two variables are determinants of value of land property. The land to be acquired for this project are just within the 10m set back along the gully corridor. The location of the land to a large extent has come to reduce the value of land at this spot drastically. The cost for Land within the 10m setback along the gully corridor was determined by considering the replacement cost of land within the project area while considering proximity to the erosion and level of damage caused by the Erosion. This was placed at N500,000/Plot of Land (100sqm).

4.10.2 Replacement Cost Method for Assets/Structures The Traditional Replacement Cost Method, was used in estimating the value of the property/structure and is based on the assumption that the capital value of an existing development can be equated to the cost of reinstating the development on the same plot at the current labour, material and other incidental costs. The estimated value represents the cost of the property as if new. The Damage Loss Assessment Method is used in this study to determine compensation for economic trees and agricultural products. This method states that market value of yield per tree for the current season (agricultural season) and cost of re-planting and nursery should be used to determine the compensation rate for the economic tree.

4.10.3 Disturbance and Other Incidental Contingencies Affected business premises which will have to close shop or be relocated will be given compensation for loss of business time/income and cash or in kind assistance to enable the relocation of affected property. None was identified as eligible for this due to relocation of his shop. However in such case, PAPs will be allowed to dismantle their structures and reuse them at relocated locations. In addition, SPMU will provide supplementary assistance to affected PAPs. Rates of cost of labour and transportation allowances have also been built in where applicable. The current rates in the market have been used.

4.10.4 PAPs Losing Permanent Structures-for Residential (immoveable structures) Structures and other assets including fences, walls and pavements on project corridor are categorized as immoveable/permanent structures. Contractors are advised to try and avoid demolition if possible. Where demolition of these structures cannot be avoided, census of PAPs has been taken for resettlement/compensation. PAPs under this category will be resettled or compensated for the value of the structure to be displaced based on the prevailing market value of the structure in Nnewichi. Demolition/clearing of structures to secure the project setback will take place at least two (2) weeks to the period of implementation after PAPs would have been compensated.

4.10.5 PAPs Losing Permanent Structures-for Business (immoveable structures) PAPs covered in this category will be resettled or compensated for the value of the structure to be displaced based on the prevailing market value of the structure in Nnewichi. In addition, PAPs will be compensated for loss of livelihood income due to loss of business income. No PAP was identified

in this category. However, for PAPs relocating to alternative sites, they shall be provided with in kind/cash assistance. Demolition/clearing of structures to secure the project setback will take place at least two (2) weeks to the period of implementation after PAPs would have been compensated.

4.10.6 PAPs Losing Shrines or Place of Worship PAPs covered in this category will be resettled or compensated for the value of the structure to be displaced based on the prevailing market value of the structure in Nnewichi. In addition, PAPs will be compensated for loss of livelihood income due to loss of business income. For PAPs relocating to alternative sites, they shall be provided with in kind/cash assistance. Two (2) PAPs were identified in this category. Demolition/clearing of structures to secure the project setback will take place at least two (2) weeks to the period of implementation after PAPs would have been compensated.

4.10.7 PAPs Losing Burial Site PAPs covered in this category will be resettled or compensated for the value of the structure to be displaced based on the prevailing market value of the structure in Nnewichi. For PAPs relocating to alternative sites, they shall be provided with in kind/cash assistance. Two Burial Site belonging to the late parents of Victor Chukwuanu was identified in this category. This has been documented in the annex. Relocation was discussed with PAP who elaborated on the cost implication of the activity. This has been documented and forms part of their compensation. Demolition/clearing and of structures to secure the ROW will take place at least two (2) weeks to the period of implementation after PAPs would have been compensated.

4.11 Proof of Eligibility

The resettlement committee will work with the list of PAPs as well as catalogue containing PAPs information (Name, Phone number etc) as a means of identifying eligible PAPs for entitlements. In case of lose or error in catalogue identification, other forms of evidence as proof of eligibility will also be acceptable but limited to one or more of the following: • Identification based on phone number and name and passport photograph supplied during the census stage. • PAPs with no phone numbers shall be identified by their Township or community leader so long as the name being used for claim is one recognized in the census register and the catalogue containing the PAP Identity Card.

4.12 Duration for Civil Works

Estimation of the duration for civil works/rehabilitation completion is eight (8) months. PAPs will not be disrupted in anyway by the project until resettlement program is implemented.

4.13 Cut-Off Date

The cut-off date for being eligible for compensation and/ or resettlement assistance is February 28th 2017which is the day the final field consultation with the PAPs was conducted. PAPs and project community were duly informed about the significance of the cut-off date in the implementation of this RAP through the Local authorities.

4.14 Entitlement Matrix for the PAPs

The matrix shows specific and applicable categories of PAPs under this project and types of losses as well as entitlement plan for PAPs. The Entitlement matrix therefore, is the basis for compensation budget, resettlement and income restoration measures to be administered by the proponent. The subsequent section further provides explanation of the entitlement matrix under eligibility criteria for entitlements.

Table 4 Entitlement Matrix Table for PAPs

Type of Loss Entitled Person Description of Entitlement

1. Permanent loss of land 1.1 (a)Legal owners of 1.1 (a) Land for land compensation is land preferred priority, or Cash compensation at 1.1 Cultivable/residential replacement value based on market rate (b)Occupancy/Heredita plus 10% compulsory acquisition surcharge /commercial land ry as second option (c)Tenant (b) & (c) Compensation will be paid as plus a one- time lump sum grant for restoration of livelihood and assistance for relocation. .

2. Damage to land (such as 2.1. (a)Legal owner/s 2. 1 (a) & (b) Restoration of land to pre- abutting sub-project site) construction condition or cash (b) Village/s or clan/s compensation at prevailing rates for 2.1. By excavation etc. from with customary necessary bulldozer/ tractor hours to borrows for earth for ownership restoring level and/or truckloads of earth for construction. 2.2. (a)Legal owner/s fill 2.2 By severance of 2.2 Provision of water course to connect agricultural holding (b) Village/s or clan/s with customary severed segment with source of water ownership

3. Loss of income and 3.1.Cultivator 3.1. Estimated net income for each lost livelihood occupying land cropping season, based on land record averages of crops and area planted in the 3.1. Temporary loss of previous four years access to land for cultivation

3.2. Loss of agricultural 3.2. (a) Owner/s of 3.2. (a) Cash compensation for loss of crops, and fruit and wood crops or trees. Includes agricultural crops at current market value of trees. crops trees owned by mature crops, based on average production. encroachers/squatters 3.3 Loss of income by Compensation for loss of fruit trees for agricultural tenants (b) /tenant average fruit production years to be because of loss of land they computed at current market value. 3.3 Persons working on were cultivating

Type of Loss Entitled Person Description of Entitlement the affected lands Compensation for loss of wood-trees at current market value of wood (timber or firewood, as the case may be). 3.2. (b) Partial compensation to tenants for loss of their crops/trees as per due share or agreement (verbal or written) 3.3 One-time lump sum grant to agricultural tenants (permanent, short-term or long- term agricultural labor (this will be in addition to their shares in crop/tree compensation) a) Tree/perennial crops: Harvesting of the crops will be given a first priority but where harvesting is not possible, counting of the affected crops will be done in the presence of the owner. Computation of the costs will be done according to market rates b) Annual crops: Crops will be harvested by the owner and therefore no compensation will be paid for crops. Where crops cannot be harvested, compensation at the market rate will be paid

4. Permanent loss of 4.1. (a)Owners of the 4.1. (a) Cash compensation for loss of built- Structures structures whether or up structures at full replacement costs not the land on which 4.1 Residential and the structure stands is Owners of affected structures will be commercial structures allowed to take/reuse their salvageable legally occupied materials for rebuilding/rehabilitation of structure. (b) Renters In case of relocation, transfer allowance to cover cost of Shifting (transport plus

loading/unloading) the effects and materials will be paid on actual cost basis or on current market rates. (b) One-time cash assistance equivalent to 4 months’ rent moving to alternate premise. Transfer allowance to cover cost of shifting (transport plus loading/unloading) personal effects paid on actual cost basis or on

Type of Loss Entitled Person Description of Entitlement current market rates.

4.2. Cultural, Religious, and 4.2. 4.2. Complete rehabilitation/restoration by community structures the Project; or, Cash compensation for Community /facilities School, church, restoring affected cultural/community water channels, pathways, structures and installations, to the and other community recognized patron/custodian. structures/installations

5. Special provision for 5.1 Women headed 5. Needs based special assistance to be vulnerable PAPs households, disabled or provided either in cash or in kind. elderly persons and the 5.1.Restablishing and/or landless enhancing livelihood

5.2 Change in Livelihood 5.2. (a) Vulnerable 5.2 (a) &(b).Restoration of livelihood for women and other PAPs, particularly (vocational training) and subsistence vulnerable PAPs that need Women enrolled in a allowance at agreed rate per day for a total to substitute their income vocational training of 6 months while enrolled in a vocational because of adverse impact facility training facility 5.2. (b) owner/s whose landholding has been reduced to less than 5 acres

Unanticipated adverse The Project team will deal with any unanticipated consequences of the impact due to project Project during and after project implementation in the light and spirit intervention or associated of the principle of the entitlement matrix. activity

4.15 Description of Eligibility Criteria for Defining Various Categories of PAPs

Based on the World Bank’s OP4.12, the following three criteria are recognized: a) Those who have formal rights to land (including customary, traditional and religious rights recognized under the Federal and/or State Laws of Nigeria). b) Those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time of the census begins but have a claim to such land or assets provided that such claims are recognized through a process identified in this resettlement plan c) Those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they are occupying, using or getting their livelihood. Those covered under (a) and (b) above according to the guiding policy are to be provided compensation for the land they lose, and other assistances in accordance with the policy. PAPs

covered under (c) above are to be provided resettlement assistance in lieu of compensation for the land they occupy and other assistance, as necessary to achieve the objective of them not being economically worse off because of the development. Under The World Bank Policy, cash compensation is only appropriate when there is an active market in land or housing and where such assets are actually available for purchase. Communal rights to land and other assets are recognized. Clans, lineages and other community property have been subjected to the same procedures as for privately held land. In such case, the traditional law of the affected community may be taken into account. Although all PAPs irrespective of their legal rights or not, squatters or otherwise encroaching on land are eligible for some kind of assistance under the policies of the WB, such PAPs must be those captured in the census. In other words, persons that encroach on land/ROW after the cut-off date will not be entitled to any form of assistance or compensation.

5 CHAPTER FIVE: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISMS

5.1 Introduction

The likelihood of dispute is much reduced because the few affected persons due to the erosion control project have been greatly consulted. Nevertheless, in the event that grievances arise this redress mechanism has been prepared. Already, the affected persons have been helped to appreciate that there are provisions for addressing any complaints or grievances. The grievance procedure will further be made available to the affected person through project implementation. The major grievances that might require mitigation include:  PAPs not listed;  Losses not identified correctly;  Inadequate assistance;  Dispute about ownership;  Delay in disbursement of assistance and improper distribution of assistance.

5.2 Grievances and Appeals Procedure

This grievance procedure is prepared in line with the provision of the RPF of NEWMAP. The need to provide a forum locally to receive, hear and resolve disputes is in the best interest of all parties to forestall the lengthy process of litigation, which could affect the progress of project. Therefore, the setting of Grievance Redress Committee early during RAP implementation is desirable.

5.3 Grievance Redress Process

There is no ideal model or one-size-fits-all approach to grievance resolution. The best solutions to conflicts are generally achieved through localized mechanisms that take account of the specific issues, cultural context, local customs, and project conditions and scale. In its simplest form, grievance mechanisms can be broken down into the following primary components: • Receiving and registering a complaint. • Screening and assessing the complaint. • Formulating a response. • Selecting a resolution approach. • Implementing the approach. • Announcing the result. • Tracking and evaluating the results. • Learning from the experience and communicate back to all parties involved. • Preparing a timely report to management on the nature and resolution of grievances.

5.3.1 Procedure for Effective Local Resolution of Grievance The following steps and procedures will apply in this project to ensure that grievances are settled within PMU and /or at the level of the Grievance Redress Committee as much as possible:

 An accessible and affordable complaints mechanism will be in place as soon as RAP report is disclosed, and will enable people with claims against the process to make their complaints  At the first stage, PAPs will register their complaints and grievances to the GRC. The GRC upon receiving the complaint should write to acknowledge the receipt within one week.  If the PAP is not satisfied with the decision of the GRC, the PAP should present the case to the SPMU Social and Livelihood Safeguards Officer.  The GRC will then register the PAPs complaints and grievances to the Social and Livelihood Safeguard Officer in SPMU(contact address to be provided to PAPs).The Safeguard Officer is required to in consultation with the Project Coordinator provide a written response to the PAP within fourteen (14) calendar days of receiving the complaint.  A record should be kept for hearing concerning the complaint, as well as of the reasons for filing the complaint  The matter so complained should be verified with the PIU  Mediation efforts at the discretion of the SLOshould be embarked upon within three weeks of receiving the complaint Where a matter is not satisfactorily resolved at this level, the PAPshould seek redress through the court of justice taking full responsibility for his/her decision/action.

5.3.2 Court Resolution of Grievance Matters The possibility of seeking for grievance resolution in the court may be a last resort and should be expected, especially, where the complainant felt dissatisfied with resolution of the GRC. The provision of the RPF of NEWMAP on this matter is that grievances concerning non-fulfilment of contracts, levels of compensation, or seizure of assets without compensation shall be addressed to the state local courts system of administration of justice. The court hierarchy would in ascending order therefore, be land dispute tribunals/chiefs, followed by magistrate courts and then finally the high courts. The high court of the state is being designated as the highest appellate court to settle grievances. This, admittedly, is a costly and time-consuming procedure. Nevertheless, affected persons will be exempted from administrative and legal fees incurred pursuant to this grievance redress procedure.

5.4 Grievance Redress Committee

The project will establish a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC). The GRC will hear complaints and facilitate solutions; and the process, as a whole, will promote dispute settlement through mediation to reduce litigation. This committee will be coordinated by the SPMU and shall be made up of the following parties:  NGOs  Community Development Councils (CDCs)  Representative of the community

 Representatives of associations/interest groups and,  PAPs representative It is expected that an independent body such as NGO should head the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) so as to give the committee credibility and trust of protecting the interest of PAPs. SMEnv, NEWMAP or its staff would not be heading the committee since it is a party to the anticipated grievance cases. The NGO to be chosen must have experience in dispute resolution and must have a lawyer in its team that will serve as the secretary of the body. The PMU will provide the GRC with the guideline based on the provisions of this ARAP and also make available to it contact details/register of PAPs which details their names, addresses and phone numbers for contacting them when necessary. PAPs shall also have the option of contacting the GRC directly or indirectly to register their grievance by themselves or through their local chief or leader There will be no fees or charges required of those wishing to have a grievance or complaint heard. The timeline for implementation of the grievance resolutions shall be at most 15 days from the last day allowable for grievance and complaints submission following the end of RAP disclosure. The functions of the Grievance Redress Committee include:

 Provide support to PAPs on problems arising from loss of private properties and business area.  Record the grievance of the PAPs, categorize and prioritize the grievances that need to be resolved by the committee; and  Report to the aggrieved parties about the developments regarding their grievances and the decision of the project authorities The committee will suggest corrective measures at the field level itself and fix responsibilities for implementation of its decisions. In terms of implementation, all efforts will be made to first resolve the issue faced by PAPs at the field level. The grievance procedure should be simple, administered as far as possible at the local and state levels to facilitate access, flexible and open to various proofs taking into consideration the fact that many people are illiterate requiring a speedy, just and fair resolution of their grievances. However, when matters could not be resolved at this level, there is need for the grieved to seek redress in the court

5.5 Expectation When Grievances Arise

When local people present a grievance, they expect to be heard and taken seriously. Therefore, the SPMU and others such as the engineers involved in one aspect of the project or other must convince people that they can voice grievances and work to resolve them without retaliation. It should be understood that all or any of the following is or are expected from the project management/channel of grievance resolution by the local people: • acknowledgement of their problem, • an honest response to questions/issues brought forward, • an apology, adequate compensation,

• modification of the conduct that caused the grievance and some other fair remedies

5.6 Management of Reported Grievances

a) The procedure for managing grievances should be as follows: b) The affected person file his/ her grievance, relating to any issue associated with the resettlement process or compensation, in writing or phone to the project Resettlement and Compensation committee (Phone numbers will be provided by the SPMU). Where it is written, the grievance note should be signed and dated by the aggrieved person. And where it is phone, the receiver should document every details. c) A selected member of the Site Committee will act as the Project Liaison Officer who will be the direct liaison with PAPs in collaboration with an independent agency/NGO person ensure to objectivity in the grievance process. d) Where the affected person is unable to write, the local Project Liaison Officer will write the note on the aggrieved person’s behalf. e) Any informal grievances will also be documented

Plate 24 Grievance Redress Procedure 63

5.7 Grievance Log and Response Time

The process of grievance redress will start with registration of the grievance/s to be addressed, for reference purposes and to enable progress updates of the cases. Thus the person affected by the project will file a Grievance Form with the Grievance Redress Committee. The Form (See table 5) should contain a record of the person responsible for an individual complaint, and records dates for the date the complaint was reported; date the Grievance Log was uploaded onto the project database; date information on proposed corrective action sent to complainant (if appropriate), the date the complaint was closed out and the date response was sent to complainant. The Project Liaison officer working with the local Government Desk Officer in recording all grievances will ensure that each complaint has an individual reference number, and is appropriately tracked and recorded actions are completed. The response time will depend on the issue to be addressed but it should be addressed with efficiency. The Grievance committee will act on it within 10 working days of receipt of grievances. If no amicable solution is reached, or the affected person does not receive a response within 15 working days, the affected person can appeal to a designated office in the SPMU, which should act on the grievance within 15 working days of its filing.

Table 5typical Reporting format for Grievance Redress

Community Type of Grievance Grievance Resolution project & Name of Complainant other assets Date Date of benefits benefits Pending Pending provided provided the Court Court the complaint complaint awarded isawarded inadequate inadequate acquisition and options and options Affected, but Affected, not informed not informed Resettlement Date Date received about impacts about impacts Compensation Compensation not paid before not before paid Case referred to Case referred awarded are not not awarded are Community Project 1

Complainant A

Complainant B

Complainant C

Community Project 2

Complainant D

Complainant E

TOTAL

5.8 Monitoring Complaints

The Project Liaison Officer will be responsible for:  providing the grievance Committee with a weekly report detailing the number and status of complaints  any outstanding issues to be addressed  monthly reports, including analysis of the type of complaints, levels of complaints, actions to reduce complaints and initiator of such action.

5.9 World Bank Group (WBG) Grievance Redress Service

The Grievance Redress Service (GRS) ensures that complaints are being promptly reviewed and addressed by the responsible units in the World Bank.The objective is to make the Bank more accessible for project affected communities and to help ensure faster and better resolution of project-related complaints. The GRS accepts complaints that are:  Related to an active World Bank-supported project (IBRD or IDA)  Filed by a person or community who believes they have been or may be adversely affected by a World Bank-Financed project  Filed by a bidder or potential bidder about the procurement process on a World Bank- financed contract. These complaints will be processed in line with Bank Procedure (BP) 11.00 (Annex D) and will not follow the GRS procedures. The identity of the complainant will be kept confidential if requested, but anonymous complaints will not be accepted. How to file a complaint?  Complaints must be in writing and addressed to the World Bank Grievance Redress Service (GRS).  Complaints will be accepted by email, fax, letter, and by hand delivery to the GRS at the World Bank Headquarters in Washington or World Bank Country Offices Program affected community/ individuals may also submit their complaint to the WBG‘s independent Inspection Panel which determines whether harm occurred, or could occur, as a result of WBG non- compliance with its policies and procedures. Complaints may be submitted at any time after concerns have been brought directly to the WBG‘s attention, and WBG Management has been given an opportunity to respond.

6 CHAPTER SIX: BUDGET AND FINANCING PLAN

6.1 Introduction

A detailed inventory of all affected assets provides the basis for estimating the compensation and assistance costs. This Section provides information on the estimated budget for the overall implementation of this RAP and source of funds.

6.2 Financing plan

SPMU is the source of this fund for the payment of the necessary compensations and mitigation measures and overall implementation of the RAP. Since the Anambra State Ministry of Environment (SMEnv) are the ones impacting livelihoods, it will be their responsibility to fund the RAP budget. It will be financed through the projects administrative and financial management rules and manuals like any other sub-activity of the project eligible for payment under this project. It is expected that implementation function will rest on the SPMU, but the budget will however be subject to the finalization of disclosure and clearance/approval by the World Bank before disbursement or implementation can commence. The SMEnv being responsible for funding the compensation entitlement, final approval for payments above the limit for the Project Coordinator must be approved by the Chief Accounting Officer of the Ministry (Commissioner).

Table 6Summary of RAP Budget

S/N DESCRIPTION TOTAL

1 RAP Compensation/Assistance Budget for 114 PAPs (determined)

Land 45,900,000.00

Cultural Heritage 200,000.00

Crops and Agricultural Resources 28,250,325.00

Structures 22,245,840.00

Sub-Total: Compensation 96,596,165.00

2 Operating cost for RAP Implementation and Monitoring 9,659,616.50 Activities/Contingency (10 % of RAP compensation Budget)

3 Cost of Livelihood Restoration/Assistance for Vulnerable Groups 4,020,000.00

4 Capacity Building for RAP Implementation (PAPs, RIC, SPMU etc.) 7,000,000.00

*TOTAL 113,255,781.50

The total budget for administering/implementing the ARAP for Rehabilitation of Nnewichi Gully Erosion project is One Hundred and ThirteenMillion, Two Hundred and Fifty-Five Thousand, Seven Hundred and Eighty-One Naira, and Fifty Kobo (N113,255,781.50). This sum is expected to cover compensation of assets affected and additional mitigations for livelihood restoration measures, coordination of additional mitigations, and grievance redress. In addition, 10% of this total budget has been provided forOperation cost and contingencies such as inflation that shall be allowed and added to the current budget.

6.3 Procedure for Delivering of Entitlements

The SPMU Social Safeguard Officer with support from the State Focal NGO (FONGO) shall be engaged for preparation and management of entitlement to the PAPs. The SPMUwill be responsible for facilitating and implementing the RAP compensation process described below. The FONGO will work closely with the SPMU in handling this task.

6.4 RAP Compensation Process

The compensation process will involve several steps in accordance with this resettlement and compensation plan and shall include the following:  Public participation: Public participation with the PAPs which had been part of the process of this RAP would continue even at the RAP implementation phase. Using the entire identified medium, PAPs would be contacted, consulted and made to participate in enlightenment workshop in which alternatives for income restoration and compensation will be discussed and agreed. During this meeting, eligible PAPs without clearance certificate for entitlement will be issued with certificates. This assignment will be facilitated by the SPMUwhowill oversee the RAP compensation  The SPMUshall identify and work closely with Township liaison, CDCs, etc. within the project area to ensure that PAPs are all contacted/consulted, and necessary dossiers are documented from PAPs  Type of choice (cash and/or replacement) made by PAPs shall be documented. This shall be done by issuing PAPs with an order form to be completed and signed by PAPs. PAPs who cannot read or write will be assisted to do so  Cheques shall be the form of payment of compensation to all PAPs.  Non-Bank Account holders shall be assisted to open bank accounts. This is important due to;  Government of Nigeria is moving towards a cashless economy which may pose difficult for PAPs receiving their entitlements.  Operating a bank account will be a plausible option to manage PAPs income restoration program  Carrying cash to the house by PAPs poses a security treat to PAP and may also lead to increase poverty scenario of PAPs

 Notification - Dates of various activities for the resettlement program will be communicated to PAPs for inclusive participation.

6.5 Compensation Payment Administration

The resettlement budget details prepared in this RAP shall be the guide for the SPMU in the RAP payment. After the processes elaborated above has been exhausted, the SPMU SLOwill prepare the payment documentation stating the Name of PAP, address, Phone number, Bank account details and amount entitled. The submission will be made to the Project Coordinator at The PMU. The Project Coordinator will verify the submission by the SPMU SLOusing the RAP Budget document as a reference. If there are errors, omissions or ambiguities, the attention of the RAP Consultant will be drawn for reconciliation. When fully verified, the payment mandate/report shall be sent to the Commissioner for approval of fund and payment. The Commissioner/chief accounting officer shall approve the payment and minute to the Project Coordinator at the PMU who shall ensure that the payments are carried out by the accountant/finance officer to the various PAPs banks

6.6 Resettlement Implementation Linkage to Civil Works

Before any project activity is implemented, PAPs will need to be compensated/resettled in accordance with the entitlement matrix/budget plan established in this RAP. Alternative structures and relocation sites where applicable should have been prepared and witnessed by State Ministry of Environment and the community leaders/CDCs. PAPs that would not need to relocate, especially those that their Fence/balcony/ relaxation outdoors will be impacted must be informed/given the civil work schedule which at least provides a two weeks prior notice to PAPs before actual civil works in the area or site. Resettlement monitoring of income restoration measures shall however be continuous throughout the project cycle together with other project activity implementations.

7 CHAPTER SEVEN: INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS- ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

7.1 Introduction

This RAP recognizes thecross-ministerial and cross-state coordination and collaboration of the many Federal and State Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) as well as local governments and communities involved in the NEWMAP. This brought about the development of institutional arrangements amongst public agencies with local communities and PAPs with a view to ensuring good project management. The implementation of this RAP shall require close collaboration among all the stakeholders with a properly constituted structure for administration which shall be agreed by all parties from the onset. The roles and responsibilities of the participating parties in collaborative efforts are well outlined. The major institutions that are involved in this resettlement process are the Anambra State Ministry of Environment, the World Bank, and the Resettlement Implementation Committee (RIC).

7.2 Institutional Arrangement

The roles and responsibilities of the institutions regarding Resettlement Implementation andGrievance redress is summarized below.

7.2.1 The Financier

World Bank • Maintains an oversight role to ensure compliance with the safeguards policies, review and provide clearance and approval for the RAP. • Conduct regular supervision for satisfactory RAP implementation, fulfilment of community liaison and provide support role throughout the project implementation, and monitor the progress of the project construction. • Recommend additional measures for strengthening the management framework and implementation performance. • In case the WB considers the implementation to be not acceptable and no improvements can be expected, it will require that institutional capacity building measures be taken to strengthen the SPMU

7.2.2 Federal Level

Federal Ministry of Environment-EA Department (FMEnv) • Lead coordinating agency and hosts the Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU). • FPMU • Review and issue out circular for disclosure of RAP • Certification

Individual MDAs (State and Federal Levels) • Participate deeply in the annual joint work programming process facilitated by the Federal/State PMU.

Federal Steering Committee • Direct the FPMU in overall project coordination, alignment of project content and approach, and oversight of activities taking place across participating State.

Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU) • Provides an oversight and advisory role in overall project management including resettlement planning and implementation • Establishes and maintains the project management systems • reinforce the State level structures • Supervises through missions

7.2.3 State Level

State Steering Committees (SSCs) • Apex decision-making bodies for the operation in the State.

State Technical Committees (STCs) • Reviewing and updating the Joint Annual Work Program for State NEWMAP activities (each activity identifies a lead MDA as provided for in the work plan). • Developing inter-sectoral MOUs if needed.

State Project Management Unit (SPMU) The SPMU, as the implementing authority, headed by Project Coordinator (PC) & Authorized to take decision on financial matters within the provided budget, has the mandate to: • Develop and implement RAPs and other safeguard instruments. • Drives activities of procurement, capacity building, service-provider mobilization, and monitoringand coordinating the many participating MDAs at State and Local Government levels. • Study in detail the RAP, and based on the review of the RAP prepare a detailed action plan and time table for the day to day RAP implementation; • Organize the necessary training and capacity building measures for the unit itself and for other partner organizations and committees; • Establish all local level institutions and committees which will participate in the implementation of the RAP and provide them with the necessary training and capacity building measures; • Coordinates and undertake compensation activities in accordance with the principles and procedures specified in the RAP • Implement the income restoration and social development programs and project in accordance with the principles and procedures specified in the RAP;

• Ensure the systematic undertaking of monitoring, review and evaluation of the RAP in accordance with the framework and guidelines provided in the RAP and store the data and information collected in a data base; • Based on the findings of the monitoring and review take corrective actions and submit monitoring and review reports to the relevant higher bodies for timely corrective measure. • Facilitate the discussion between PAPs and communities regarding compensation for land acquired for the projects; • Implement the RAP including their involvement to redress complaints and internal monitoring. • Cooperate through a Steering Committee that provides guidance to the technical aspects of all project activities; • Maintain and manage all funds effectively and efficiently for the projects • Organize the necessary orientation and training for SPMU officials so that they can carry out consultations with communities, support communities in carrying out RAPs and implement the payment of compensation and other measures (relocation and rehabilitation entitlement) to PAPs in a timely manner; • Ensure that progress reports are submitted to the World Bank regularly

SPMU Livelihood Safeguard Officer • Initiate Implementation of Resettlement Action Plan (whenever the project involves displacement of homes or businesses) or land acquisition of any kind). • Review and approve Contractor’s Implementation Plan for the social impact measures as per the ARAP • Liaise with the Contractors and the SPMU on implementation of the RAP • Coordinate on behalf of SPMU day to day activities with the relevant line departments and oversee the implementation of RAP instrument, prepare compliance reports with statutory requirements, etc. • Monitor and supervise regularly the implementation of RAP • Observe payment of Compensation to PAPs. • Identify and liaise with all relevant Stakeholders pre and post Project implementation. • Sensitization of and Consultations with relevant Stakeholders during and after (where necessary) Project Implementation. • Charged with the responsibility of safeguard requirements and ensuring the sustainability of project.

SPMU Engineer • Provide technical support

Monitoring & Evaluation Officer/Consultant • Develop the monitoring and evaluation protocol • Conduct monitoring of RAP implementation activities. • Provide early alert to redress any potential problems. • Monitor target achievements and slippages.

NEWMAP Technical Officer • Acts as a link between the SPMU and the LGA; • Sits at the LGA where the site intervention is taking place.

Resettlement Implementation Committee (RIC) To ensure a broad representation with the intent of minimizing any conflict, it is recommended that a Resettlement Implementation Committee (RIC) be set up and members be drawn from amongst the following: • Affected Local government Chairman as Chairman • Physical Planning /land officer and forester • Representative of affected Communities, • PAPs represented by local trade /Union leaders • Coordinated by the Safeguard Unit of SPMU. • Rep of the Site Committees Their roles shall include;

• Carry out meeting with each PAPs. • Provide all necessary information to the PAPs regarding guidance value and basis for calculation of prices offered. • Negotiate and firm up the final consent price. • Intimate the decision for payment of compensation to the PAPs • Ensure the Implementation of the RAP without any conflict • Establish dialogue with the affected persons and ensure that the concerns and suggestions are referred to SPMU for appropriate response and management • All members of RIC must be people who are knowledgeable in the use of local mechanism to settle grievances and who can ensure equity across cases and also be in position to know and eliminate nuisance claims and satisfy legitimate claimants at low cost

Grievance Redress Committee Thegrievanceredress mechanismdescribestheprocedure as well as anumberof multi-layered mechanisms tosettlegrievances andcomplaints resultingfromresettlementandcompensationin- house,atlocallevel (See chapter 6 for full details).Theobjectiveis torespondtothecomplaints ofthePAPs inatimelyand transparentmannerandtoprovideamechanismtomediateconflictand cutdownonlengthy litigation,whichoftendelayssuchinfrastructuralprojects.Itwillalsoprovidepeoplewhomight haveobjectionsorconcerns abouttheirassistance,a publicforumtoraisetheirobjections and throughconflictresolution,address theseissuesadequately.Thecommitteewillprovide ample opportunitytoredresscomplaints informally,inadditiontotheexistingformaladministrativeand legal procedures. The major grievancesthatmight require mitigation include: • PAPsnot listed; • Losses not identified correctly; • Inadequate assistance; • Dispute about ownership; • Delay in disbursement ofassistanceand improper distribution of assistance.

7.2.4 Local Level

Local Government • Coordinates activities at local level during the preparation and implementation of RAPs such as activities for determining the cut-off date and for actually implementing the resettlement, and for handling any grievances and complaints. • Responsible for the appraisal of properties affected by the project. • Provide additional resettlement area and amenities if the designated locations are not adequate. • Engage and encourage carrying out comprehensive and practical awareness campaign for the proposed project, amongst the various relevant grass roots interest groups. • Appoint a suitable Desk Officer for ARAP information management • Participating in sensitization of all communities • Participate in resolving grievances ; • Monitor implementation of projects and activities of Operational Officers; • Liaises with State PMU • Convenes and helps mobilise affected communities within and across targeted sub- catchments • Oversees community facilitators • O&M oversight of works • Participates in site-committees

Technical Officer in Local Government Areas • Act as liaison to SPMU, MDAs and other organisations working with communities. • Provide senior technical skill-set and advisory services to communities and LGAs. • Convene affected and directly participating communities (liaising with neighbouring LGAs as needed). • Closely interact with community stakeholders and the community facilitators. • Support site monitoring.

7.2.5 Community Level

Community Liaison and Support Professional • A liaison between the watershed community/communities and the SPMU • in close contact with community members on a frequent and continuous basis, • Assist in the formulation of community plans for livelihoods. • Community sensitization and social mobilization. • Assisting communities to form a representative Community Association. • Helps the community to identify, select and implement livelihood sub-projects. • Mobilizes cooperative labour for physical works. • Provides support to the community for participatory monitoring.

Site Committees/ Community Associations • Project site oversight. • Identifies erosion problems and helps select and monitor solutions.

• Selects livelihood opportunities. • Oversee physical works. • Participate in site monitoring. • Cooperate with neighbouring communities and LGAs as needed for trans-boundary sub- catchments.

Community Interest Groups • Coordinate community inputs to sub-catchment planning, implementation and monitoring, with guidance from support professionals and technical providers such as extension agents. • Participating in site monitoring. • Mobilise Youth and Women’s groups.

Traditional Authority • Support in the identification of the right PAPs • Assist in resolving grievances of PAPs • Ensures that social values are not interfered with.

Project Affected Persons • Receive compensation and move away from impact areas promptly • Coordinate with the survey team/Resettlement Committee in carefully checking and signing off their affected lands and other assets as well as their entitlements; • Make themselves available during census and participation in implementation; • Provide feedback on improving the quality of the RAP and suggesting solutions for • its effective implementation and • Submit concerns through the right grievance redress channel

CBOs/CSOs • Assist in resolving grievances of PAPs • Support and assist in the mobilization of the various relevant grass roots interest groups. • May have complaints that need to be resolved in the execution of the project with a view to avoiding conflicts and grievances. • Serve as witness in compensation process and Monitoring and Evaluation

7.2.6 Others

Contractors • Comply with relevant contract clauses on resettlement issues • Establish good community relations; • Train the workforce, and avoid any form of discrimination in terms of gender, religion or tribe; • As much as possible employ the workforce from the project catchment area, and also make procurement therein; • Try to provide local infrastructure and services in the course of executing the project; • Ensure that workers and site staff are sensitive to the customs and way of life of the communities.

• Promptly repair any damage to utility services or infrastructure of the community in implementation of the project;

Ministry of Lands, Survey and Urban Planning • Ensure compliance on matters of Land Acquisition and compensation and other resettlement issues, • Verification of selected sites for resettlement and ensuring that such sites are ideally suitable for affected people. • Ensuring that the project meets with the requirements of resettlement as specified in the report • Make appropriate recommendation and input in the resettlement process • Ensuring that affected people are adequately compensated as stated in this report

8 CHAPTER EIGHT: TIME TABLE OF EVENTS

8.1 Timetable for the Resettlement Action Plan

The ARAP has to be completed and PAPs adequately compensated before operation in the designated project area. The timeline is only indicative since the external factors not envisaged at this period such as delay in reviewing and addressing comments and other administrative and operational matters may cause a delay in the project time line. Table 7 Timetable for Completion of ARAP Implementation

S/N Activities Completion Time

MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST 1 Submission of Draft Final

RAP Report 2 Field Verification and

comments 3 Update of comments

4 Submission of Final RAP

Document 5 Advertisement in two Local

Newspaper in the Country 6 Published in the World Bank

Info Shop 7 Commencement of RAP

Implementation 8 Completion of RAP

Implementation 9 Commencement of Civil work

8.2 Training and Capacity Needs

Based on the assessment of the institutional capacities of the SMEnv in the understanding and implementation of The RAP, it is recommended that they Contract technical assistance to provide training and operational support to SPMU and other agencies involved in the RAP implementation. It is necessary that the SPMU, Resettlement Implementation Committee and the GrievanceRedress Committee be educated on the modus operandi of involuntary resettlement and how to manage grievance cases and also for PAPs to understand optimal measures for livelihood restoration and the opportunities to possibly take advantage of.

Table 8 Capacity Building schedule and cost

Duration Item Module Who to Train Resources Estimated Amount

2 Days Involuntary Principles of Resettlement SPMU, LG, Contractors, Full text of OP 4.12 for N3,000,000 Resettlement Action Plan Engineers, & relevant each participant and MDAs, Community Monitoring & Evaluation of PowerPoint Rehabilitation leaders/CBOs/NGOs/PAPs Presentation Protocol RAP/RAP Implementation Associated Handouts Public Involvement and Consultation in RAP

1 Day Grievance Conflict Management and SPMU, members of PowerPoint N2,000,000 Redress Resolution in RAP Resettlement and Presentation Mechanism Grievance Redress Associated Handouts Committees

1 Day Basics of Cash Management and SPMU, All the PAPs PowerPoint N2,000,000 Livelihood Monitoring Presentation Restoration Book keeping and Record Associated Handouts Management

Investment Decision making

TOTAL: N7,000,000

9 CHAPTER NINE:MONITORING AND EVALUATION

9.1 Overview

Monitoring and Evaluation are integral components of the programme/project management cycle used at all stages of the cycle, monitoring and evaluation can help to strengthen project design, enrich quality of interventions, improve decision-making, and enhance learning. The key objectives of monitoring the RAP implementation would be as follows;  Transparency and accountability in terms of use of project resources  Providing constant feedback on the extent to which the RAP implementation are achieving their goals  Identifying potential problems at an early stage and proposing possible solutions  Providing guidelines for the planning of future projects and,  Improving project design There will be two levels of monitoring; namely internal monitoring and external monitoring. Under internal monitoring the SPMU monitoring and evaluation officer will lead the task for the SPMU M&E Unit while an external monitoring and evaluation officer will be engaged periodically by SMEnv.

9.2 Internal Monitoring

The internal monitoring and evaluation officer (SPMU M&E Officer) will report to the Project Coordinator at the PMU. Implementation of the RAP will be regularly supervised and monitored by the Monitoring and Evaluation/ Social Officer in coordination with staff of the NEWMAP- PMU. The findings will be recorded in quarterly reports to be furnished to the NEWMAP- PMU, and the World Bank. Lessons learnt during implementation will be documented and disseminated so that gaps identified can serve as valuable information for subsequent projects. Tasks of the Monitoring and Evaluation Officer  Verify that the baseline information of all PAPs have been carried out and that the valuation of assets, lost or damaged, and the provision of compensation, resettlement and other rehabilitation entitlements has been carried out in accordance with the provisions of this policy framework and the respective inventory and RAP.  Oversee that the RAP is implemented as designed and approved.  Verify that funds for implementingRAPs are provided to the respective local level (district) in a timely manner in amounts sufficient for their purposes and that such funds are used by the SMEnv in accordance with the provisions of the RAP.  Ensure the identification and signature/thumb print of PAPs before and during receipt of compensation entitlements.  Record all grievances and their resolution and ensure that complaints are dealt with in a timely manner.

9.3 Independent Monitoring

An independent agency will be retained by the SMEnv to periodically carry out external monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the RAP. The independent agency will be either an academic or research institutions, non- governmental organizations (NGO) or an independent consulting firm. They should have qualified and experienced staff and their terms of reference acceptable to the funding partners In addition to verifying the information furnished in the internal supervision and monitoring reports, the independent monitoring agency will visit a sample of 10% of the Project affected Population in the project area, six months after the RAP has been implemented to:  Determine whether the procedures for PAPs participation and delivery of compensation and other rehabilitation entitlements have been done in accordance with the Policy Framework and the respective RAP.  Assess if the RAP objective or enhancement or at least restoration of living standards and income levels of PAPs have been met.  Gather qualitative indications of the social and economic impact of project implementation on the PAPs.  Suggest modification in the implementation procedures of the RAP, as the case may be, to achieve the principles and objectives of this policy framework. The terms of reference for this task and selection of qualified agency will be prepared by the NEWMAP-PMU in collaboration with the World Bank at the beginning of project implementation stage.

9.4 Monitoring Indicators

They include:  Delivery and usage of compensation and resettlement entitlements;  Allocation of replacement land and residential plots, where applicable;  Reconstruction of new houses and other infrastructure, where applicable;  Compensation measures applied to compensate for damage during construction activities;  Reported grievances and action taken;  Problems encountered and action taken;  General issues related to the success of compensation and resettlement measures.  Implementation progress;  Compensation and resettlement policies;  Changes in livelihoods and incomes among PAPs; and,  Consultation with and participation of PAPs and other Stakeholders.

9.5 Implementation Schedule

Table 9 summarizes the implementation schedule of the Resettlement Action Plan by phase, responsibilities and completion time for the construction and rehabilitation project. Table 9 Summary of Implementation Schedule

PROJECT CYCLE PHASE ACTIVITIES RESPONSIBILITIES

PLANNING Scoping and Initial site visit & consultations. Consultant; Supervision by Screening Identification of Resettlement SMEnv and Social issues Application of safeguard policies Categorization Action plan Screening Report WB No-Objection

DESIGN Preparation of ARAP Draft ARAP Consultations Consultant; and consultations Supervision by WB No-Objection SMEnv

Disclosure Disclosure of ARAP locally to WB Info SMEnv, World Bank Shop.

Finalization and Final version of ARAP Consultant; Supervision by Incorporation ARAP into contract documents SMEnv WB No-Objection

EXECUTION Implementation Implementation Monitoring Contractors Supervision by and monitoring & reporting on environmental and social mitigation measures SMEnv and the community Monitoring and reporting of Resettlement and livelihood issues

OPERATIONS (POST- Maintenance Monitoring and Contractors IMPEMENTATIION) reporting of Resettlement and social Supervision by livelihood issues SMEnv and the Community

10 CHAPTER TEN: STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION

10.1 Introduction

The stakeholder engagement and consultation process adopted in this consultancy was keen towards identifying and working with the Project Affected Persons (PAPs), project affected communities and other stakeholders who may be directly or indirectly affected during the rehabilitation works for the Nnewichi Gully Erosion Site. These include:  Individuals or group of persons living in close proximity to the project area  Individuals or group of persons who may have cumulative impacts during development  Individuals or group of persons who may be temporarily relocated as a result of the project  Individuals or group of persons who occasionally utilize the land on which the project is located  Traditional and Administrative classes involved in developmental activities or policy changes in the project area

The consultation process with the people of Nnewichi was necessary in order to encourage active and sustained participation of the community members, particularly the Okpuno, Abubor, Obiofia, Nkpoka, Umuogbo and Oduda villages through which the erosion menace traverses. The consultation promoted community ownership of the project and in addition enhanced sustainability. Involved in the consultation process were the administration of pre-defined socio-economic questionnaires at the household level for the PAPs particularly residents living along the gully corridor.

Stakeholder involvement in the project is expected to continue in a manner that gives the communities and the project affected persons (PAPs) the opportunity to make contributions aimed at strengthening the development project while avoiding negative impacts as well as reducing possible conflicts. In addition, the consultations will remain active (i.e on-going exercise) throughout the duration of the entire project. Issues relating to project displacements and compensations to PAPs and any vulnerable groups will be handled efficiently in the RAP report to minimize chances of possible conflicts.

10.2 Stakeholders Engagement Plan

Stakeholders’ engagement is essential in achieving the major objectives of any project implementation and sustainable development. Participatory approaches in project planning and implementation enhance project policy, ownership and sustainability and also empower targeted beneficiaries. The objectives for stakeholders’ engagement and sensitization includes but not limited to the following; 1. To create general public awareness and understanding of the project, and ensure its acceptance;

2. To develop and maintain avenues of communication between the project proponent, stakeholders and PAPs in order to ensure that their views and concerns are incorporated into the project design and implementation with the objectives of reducing, mitigating or offsetting negative impacts and enhancing benefits from the project; 3. To inform and discuss about the nature and scale of possible adverse impacts of the rehabilitation work and to identify and prioritize the mitigation measures for the impacts in a more transparent and direct manner; 4. To document the concerns raised by stakeholders and PAPs so that their views and proposals are mainstreamed to formulate mitigation and benefit enhancement measures; 5. To sensitize other MDAs, local authorities, Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Community Based Organizations (CBOs) about the project and solicit their views and discuss their share of responsibility for the smooth functioning of the overall project operations; and 6. Reducing conflict between stakeholders, project proponents PAPs. In summary, it goes to spell out the role of stakeholders in the project planning, implementation and monitoring. Envisaged Benefits The envisaged benefits of the Stakeholders engagement and sensitization exercises includes;  Provision of opportunities to foresee and/or resolve potential obstacles, constraints and conflicts;  Means to identify and address potential negative social and environmental impacts as envisaged by stakeholders;  Opportunities to generate social learning and innovations based on local field experiences;  Means of ensuring that project benefits are distributed equitably, and;  Strengthened working relations between stakeholders; Federal and State Governments, etc., and the World Bank.

10.3 Fundamentals of Stakeholder Engagement Approach

Consultations Meaningful consultations can contribute to improved design, implementation, and sustainability of development interventions. The objectives of consultations include receiving input for improved decision-making about the design and implementation arrangements of a development program or project, to contribute to improved results and sustainability. In this context, consultations can potentially give voice to the needs of different population groups, including vulnerable and marginalized groups; improve risk management by identifying opportunities and risks from and to a project; and increase transparency, public understanding, and stakeholder involvement in development decision-making. Consultations with key stakeholders, including project-affected people and civil society, are mandatory in development projects so as to satisfy “best practices”. Consultation methods include

public hearings or meetings, focus group discussions, household surveys and interviews, electronic consultations, and advisory/expert groups. In addition, consultations can include informal structures at the local level, such as village councils and women’s groups. Good practice approaches to consultation, including closing the feedback loop, need to be applied more systematically. Collaboration Collaboration with stakeholders in decision-making processes and events can make decisions more responsive to stakeholder needs and improve the sustainability of program and project outcomes through increased ownership by stakeholders. Mechanisms for collaboration include stakeholder/user membership in decision-making bodies, integrity pacts, participatory planning and budgeting, and stakeholders’ juries. Collecting, Recording, and Reporting on Inputs from Stakeholders Stakeholder feedback can be collected periodically on various dimensions of public services provided, such as effectiveness, inclusiveness, quality, delivery time, transaction costs, and targeting, as well as on resource utilization or engagement processes. Tools include satisfaction surveys, focus group discussions, hotlines, community scorecards, stakeholder report cards, or SMS/online feedback Grievance Redress Mechanisms Generally, Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GRM) succeed when the client and the task team are both committed to using such a mechanism and follow good practice principles: providing multiple channels for soliciting complaints; registering complaints in a log; publishing timely and service standards for acknowledgement, response, and resolution; and ensuring transparency about the grievance procedure as well as options for mediation and appeal. The capacity of local and national institutions to address grievances also needs to be assessed. Recognizing the benefits of identifying and responding to complaints early, it is important to adopt a more proactive approach to focus systematically on GRMs in projects and encourage opportunities for alternative dispute resolution, where appropriate. GRMs are increasingly recognized as a means to address complaints early on and manage risks in project preparation and implementation before they escalate. Grievance forms a central part of the monitoring process, with grievance tracking forms and indicators for a number of cases, meetings and field visits, and satisfactory disposition of cases. Grievances and Appeals Procedure This grievance procedure is prepared in line with the provision of the RPF of NEWMAP. The need to provide a forum locally to receive, hear and resolve disputes is in the best interest of all parties to forestall the lengthy process of litigation, which could affect the progress of project. Therefore, the setting of grievance redress committee early during RAP implementation is desirable. Grievance Redress Process There is no ideal model or one-size-fits-all approach to grievance resolution. The best solutions to conflicts are generally achieved through localized mechanisms that take account of the specific issues, cultural context, local customs, and project conditions and scale. In its simplest form, grievance mechanisms can be broken down into the following primary components:

• Receiving and registering a complaint. • Screening and assessing the complaint. • Formulating a response. • Selecting a resolution approach. • Implementing the approach. • Announcing the result. • Tracking and evaluating the results. • Learning from the experience and communicate back to all parties involved. • Preparing a timely report to management on the nature and resolution of grievances.

Procedure for Effective Local Resolution of Grievance The following steps and procedures will apply in this project to ensure that grievances are settled within PMU and /or at the level of the Grievance Redress Committee as much as possible:  An accessible and affordable complaints mechanism will be in place as soon as this report is disclosed, and will enable people with claims against the process to make their complaints  At the first stage, aggrievedpersons will register their complaints and grievances to the Safeguard Officer in PIU (contact address to be provided to aggrievedpersons).The Safeguard Officer is required to in consultation with the Project Coordinator provide a written response to the PAP within fourteen (14) calendar days of receiving the complaint.  If the aggrievedperson is not satisfied with the decision of the PIU, the aggrievedperson should present the case to the independent Grievance Redress Committee (GRC). The GRC upon receiving the complaint should write to acknowledge the receipt within one week.  A record should be kept for hearing concerning the complaint, as well as of the reasons for filing the complaint  The matter so complained should be verified with the PIU  Mediation efforts at the discretion of the GRC should be embarked upon within three weeks of receiving the complaint Where a matter is not satisfactorily resolved at this level, the GRC should assist aggrievedpersons to seek redress through the court of justice. Court Resolution of Grievance Matters The possibility of seeking for grievance resolution in the court may be a last resort and should be expected, especially, where the complainant felt dissatisfied with resolution of the GRC. The provision of the RPF of NEWMAP on this matter is that grievances concerning non-fulfilment of contracts, levels of compensation, or seizure of assets without compensation shall be addressed to the state local courts system of administration of justice. The court hierarchy would in ascending order therefore, be land dispute tribunals/chiefs, followed by magistrate courts and then finally the high courts. The high court of the state is being designated as the highest appellate court to settle grievances. This, admittedly, is a costly and time-consuming procedure. Nevertheless, affected persons will be exempted from administrative and legal fees incurred pursuant to this grievance redress procedure. A comprehensive GRM has been developed for this project and is well documented in the Resettlement Action Plan developed for the project site.

Stakeholders-led Monitoring Involving stakeholders in monitoring service delivery, revenues, budget execution, procurement, contract awards, and reform policies can increase transparency, improve efficiency of service delivery or budget execution, and reduce opportunities for corruption. Some mechanisms for stakeholders-led monitoring include public expenditure tracking surveys, social audits, or stakeholder report cards. Additional entry points for stakeholder’s engagement in monitoring include collaboration with local CBOs/NGOs, communities, local academia, or think-tanks in gathering results data and conducting joint evaluations of project results after project completion (including in the preparation of project Implementation Completion Reports). Capacity Building for Stakeholder Engagement Capacity building for stakeholders, CBOs, communities, government officials, and national accountability institutions to engage and participate in service delivery, natural resource management, public financial management, or CDD projects can also contribute to improved project outcomes. Capacity-building components are therefore included in a number of World Bank- supported operations. Capacity building for all relevant stakeholders is particularly necessary and needs to be systematically integrated into WBG supported operations where SE approaches are introduced for the first time at scale at the national, sectoral, program, or project level. A focus on building government capacity is also important to ensure the sustainability of engagement processes beyond the life of a project intervention.

10.4 Social Investment Plan

Social investment refers to philanthropy, charitable giving, corporate social responsibility, community programs and social contributions to contribute to society that is not primarily motivated by generating a direct financial return. NEWMAP should employ a three phased approach strategy which includes community investment, social investment and philanthropy. The potential benefit of NEWMAP social investments in the community will create significant opportunities for businesses, including enabling them to meet regulatory requirements, secure a social license to operate, improve reputation, attract talented employees, increase workforce engagement and develop new products and markets. The areas for social investment include education, health, disaster relief, environment, community welfare, housing, infrastructure & energy, sports & recreation, food and agriculture. NEWMAP should work in conjunction with existing community NGOs/CBO in achieving the investment plan. This social investment plan is further delineated in the RAP/ARAP developed in the framework of this subproject.

10.5 Identification of Stakeholders

Generally, five (5) broad categories of stakeholders were identified for this project based on the degree to which the project activities may affect or involve such persons or group of persons.

These stakeholders are grouped as shown in Table 9.1. The identification followed the following considerations: i) Any persons or parties whose line of duties whether officially, socially, economically or culturally has direct or indirect bearing on any aspects of project activities. These parties may include individuals, groups, institutions or organizations that may be affected by the gully rehabilitation activities; and, ii) Any persons or parties whose specific interests in the project results from: (a) the project's benefit(s) to such persons; (b) potential changes that may occur to the routine activities of the persons due to the project; and, (c) the project activities that may cause damage or conflict for the persons. The identified persons or group of persons in this category will ultimately represent the project Affected Persons (PAPs) or Households (PAHs)

10.6 Identified Stakeholder Groups

Several groups of stakeholders were identified and are summarised in the table below. Table 10 Identified Stakeholder Groups

Group Description Role(s) In Community Process

Group-1 Individuals or group of persons whose day-to-day This category of persons served as traditional or administrative functions include mobilization points around which the oversight of developmental activities within the Consultant reached out to the other members project areas. of the community

Group-2 Individuals or group of persons whose day-to-day The identified persons or group of persons in lives/livelihoods may be directly affected by this category will ultimately represent the project activities. These people either reside or Project Affected Persons (PAPs) or carry out their daily livelihood activities within Households (PAHs) 50m of the erosion gully edge.

Group-3 Individuals or group of persons whose daily The category of persons may or may not be activities (including farming) bring them in close affected by the project but may be significant proximity to the project area. These people may contributors to the long-term sustainability of either reside or carry out their daily livelihood the project. activities outside of the erosion gully but within the communities in which the project is located.

Group-4 CBOs, FBOs and NGOs who provided frequent This group of organizations essentially interface with the community members who may contributes to and/or provide on a regular be directly or indirectly affected by the project basis to the spiritual and physical welfare as activities. well as environmental health of the community (Focal NGO engaged PMU was duly consulted).

Group-5 Individuals or group of persons who are political This group of individuals is collectively office holders and have significant responsibilities responsible for the political and general toward community members within the project socio-economic development of the area. communities among others within their respective political zones.

The identified groups includes:  Anambra State NEWMAP PMU  Chiefs/Elders  President General and Village Chairmen  Youth group leaders  Women group Leaders  Town Associations/ Community Based Organization Leaders etc.  Focal NGO

10.7 Community Consultations

All consultations in the period of the consultancy were initiated by the Consultant and established by the SPMU. The direct involvement and active participation of relevant stakeholders and the local level people in the planning and management processes of the project, guarantees that any potential disharmonious issues will be resolved swiftly. Also, there will be maximization of resource use, increased benefits and expanded opportunities for the communities in the project area. Community participation will certainly help improve understanding of the project and communication between the SPMU, the contractors and the community. The decision making process for the project will be enhanced by actively involving relevant stakeholders, especially the project affected persons and organizations with stakes in the project.

10.7.1 Objective of Community Consultation The aims of the community consultation process are:  Implore inputs, views and concerns within Nnewichi community as they relate to the project and obtain local and traditional knowledge that may be useful for decision making;  Enable consideration of alternatives, modification measures and trade-offs and ensure that important impacts are not overlooked and benefits are maximized;  Mitigate conflict through early identification of contentious issues and increase public confidence in the project.  Provide an opportunity for the public to influence the designs and implementation in a positive manner and improve transparency and accountability in decision-making;

10.7.2 The Stakeholders Consulted and their Concerns The consultations involved independent and frequent meetings between the Consultant team, Engineering design Consultant and Traditional and Administrative leaderships of Nnnewichi which included the President General and Village Chairmen. The key stakeholders identified and consulted in the area include:  The Obi of Nnnewichi.  President General of Nnewich Development Union and other  Women Group  Other Stakeholders are individuals who own properties that will be directly or indirectly affected by the project, Community Associations, Business Owners etc.

During consultation meetings, the NEWMAP overview, the Proposed Project, World Bank safeguard policies as they involved the rehabilitation of Nnewichi ESMP as well as the challenges that could impede the implementation of the project were presented. The support needed from all stakeholders to ensure effective project and successful implementation were also discussed.

10.7.3 Summary of Meetings with Stakeholders The stakeholders’ meetings focused and discussed on the project justification and the associated potential impacts to the community members living within the project corridors. The community’s concerns and general thoughts were implored and noted. Details of the proceedings at the meetings held are included in Annexes section. The Consultancy team visited the relevant stakeholders of Nnewichi Development Union among stakeholders present in the meeting includes: Obi of Nnewichi, President General of Nnewichi Development Union, Special Adviser to Anambra State Governor on Economy and Strategic Planning, Women Group Leaders, Youth Group Leaders and other stakeholders. The purpose of the visit was to inform the relevant stakeholders and liaise with them on how to achieve maximum involvement of Nnewichi people on the project. The president General of Nnewichi Development Union , Obi of Nnewich and Special Adviser to Anambra State Governor on Economy and Strategic Planning were on separate notes welcomed the consultancy team and were particularly delighted for the visit. The stakeholders utilized the opportunity to understand the scope of the consultancy and agree on an effective date for the Public Consultation /Town hall Meeting.

The town hall meeting was held at the Nnewichi Community Hall. Generally, the community members welcomed the project whilst expressing their worries that rehabilitation work should commence expeditiously to prevent exacerbation of the erosion damages as the raining season draws near. Minutes are found in Annex 7. Table 11Frequently Raised Comments, Concerns, Questions at Community Meetings and Consultations

Comments/Concerns/Questions Raised Consultant’s Responses to Issues Raised

Resident Stakeholders welcomed the proposed project The consultant acknowledged the residents and were very much delighted and positive with widespread support for the proposed project regards to the approach undertaken by the AN- and encouraged them to sustain it throughout NEWMAP and World Bank to address the current the project life cycle problems of watershed and erosion, which are currently affecting their lives negatively. Okeke Samuel sought to know if the proposed project Nnewichi erosion intervention has been is real or scam approved by the World Bank. However, the proposed project works will trigger some environmental and social sensitivities which ESMP report is expected to address the commencement of remedial works.

Chief Ezikiel Izuchukwu (Obi Umuogbo Nnewichi) Endorsed. expressed happiness and pleaded with stakeholders to effectively participate through the project cycle.

Felix Udeh observed that the gully has different fingers, ANS-NEWMAP engaged SMEC Group, an some not connected to the major gully; he sought to know engineering firm based in Australia to carry- if all the sites were captured. out the engineering and feasibility study of the proposed site. They have carried out an in- depth studies and believed to have captured the affected sites.

Ofokile Josephine (Mrs.) expressed sadness over the This was endorsed by the consultant mortality incidences the erosion menace has caused. She however expressed hope that the proposed project will bring a lasting solution to the problem.

Ifeoma Ukafor lamented over the communities Her views were noted by the consultant. And insensitive on waste disposal practices. She stated that the Obi agreed to ensure that the youths are those who use gully sites or drainage channels as a engaged in monitoring defaulters who dispose dump site are being irrational. She called on the Obi waste indiscriminately. of Nnewichi to take drastic action on the offenders and also set up Monitoring Committee to enforce his decision.

Ogbuofi advised the members of the community to be View duly endorsed. sincere and upright with the consultant. He stated that

the attitude and commitment of the community would enable the project to actualize its desired result.

Emmanuel stated that he is unsure of the proposed Noted and endorsed until when contractors and equipment are on ground for the rehabilitation works. He however praised the World Bank, An-NEWMAP, FGN and Anambra State Government for the rescue mission

The Obi of Nnewichi in his closing remarks thanked everyone that participated, urging them to be focused and committed throughout the project implementation phases. The meeting closed by closing prayer said by Mrs Ifeoma Elochukwu at 2:48pm.

Plate 25 Consultation with stakeholders

Plate 26The Safeguards Officer addressing the stakeholders Plate 27The Consultant addressing the stakeholders

REFERENCES

Compulsory Acquisition of Land and Compensation in Infrastructure Projects, World Bank (2012) Environmental and Social Management Framework for the Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project, World Bank (2013) Handbook for Preparing a Resettlement Action Plan, World Bank (2002) Ibe, K.M, and Njemanze, G.M., (1998) The Impact of Urbanization and Protection of Water Resources Owerri, Nigeria [online] Available from IFC performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability, World Bank (2012) Involuntary Resettlement Sourcebook, World Bank (2004) Operational Manual (Safeguards on Involuntary Resettlement), World Bank (2001) Project Appraisal Document for Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project, World Bank (2012) Project Implementation Manual for Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project, World Bank, (2013) Resettlement Policy Framework for Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project, World Bank (2012) Reyment R. A.; 1976. Stratigraphy of Niger Delta. Ibadan University Press, Nigeria. SMEC Group (2015) Detailed Engineering Design Report for Nnewichi Gully Erosion Site SMEC Group (2016) Feasibility Study Report For Erosion Control Sites Strategic Framework for Mainstreaming Citizen Engagement in World Bank Group, World Bank (2004) Valuation Reporting Requirements in a Resettlement Action Planning (RAP) Process, Adamu (2013)

ANNEX ONE: MONITORING INDICATOR FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF RAP INCOME RESTORATION

NAME OF MONITORING OFFICER: NAME OF PAP: TYPE OF IMPACT CAUSED TO PAP BY PROJECT: Choice made by PAP between cash and in-kind compensation: Proposed Use of Payments: Date of Monitoring: Indicators Baseline Status New Status Comment (Date) (Date) Income of PAP

Occupation of PAP

Number of grievances and time and quality of resolution Skill acquisition/training

Assistance received from Project

Number of Children

Number of children in school

Type of place of dwelling

Ownership of shop/structure?

Value of Stock

Turnover

Condition of affected structure/Asset

ANNEX TWO: LIST OF VULNERABLE PERSONS

S/N Name Phone_number Age Sex Nature of Vulnerability

1 Amachukwu Modebe 8062193278 60 Male Elderly

2 Andrew Igwilo 8066666121 63 Male Elderly

3 Anthony Nzewi 8033189456 53 Male Dependent

4 Bob Obi Okonkwo 8035434488 74 Male Elderly

5 Chief Ezekiel Izuchukwu 8069576208 70 Male Elderly

6 Chief Patrick Anagbogu 8062265069 58 Male Dependent

7 Chike Enechukwu 8034006037 58 Male Dependent

8 Chinedu Okafor 8064548528 39 Male Landless

9 Christiana Elochukwu 7061698340 55 Female Landless

10 Christopher Uzoeto 8032670831 60 Male Elderly

11 Ebele Enemchukwu 8023261866 32 Female Landless

12 Echezona Chukwuemeka E. 7033684121 31 Male Landless

13 Edwin Nwachukwu 8065684858 58 Male Landless

14 Ejike Ndubuizu 7030805885 26 Male Landless

15 Emeka Enemchukwu 8178301232 20 Male Dependent

16 Emma Orjichukwu 8033890405 49 Male Landless

17 Emmanuel Ifedigbo 8032913262 42 Male Landless

18 Emmanuel Ojichukwu 8065863830 46 Male Landless

19 Emmanuel Okafor 8036506894 70 Male Elderly

20 Ezimadu Nnodu 7036490203 62 Male Elderly

21 Felisha Ife 7067426420 65 Female Elderly

22 Felix Orajiobi 8056045303 55 Male Married

23 Felix Udeh 8060175969 57 Male Dependent

24 Frank Adimora 8034077715 49 Male Dependent

25 George Nwachukwu 8060010106 80 Male Elderly

26 Godwin Uzo-Okeke 8036061212 75 Male Elderly

27 Henry Elochukwu 8033724192 32 Male Landless

28 Ikenna Obi 8124755406 32 Male Landless

29 Innocent Anajekwu 8032589808 67 Male Elderly

30 Innocent Anajiekwu 8032589808 68 Male Elderly

31 Innocent Obodoefuna 8037947421 46 Male Married

32 Innocent Okafor 8037799567 62 Female Elderly

33 Joseph Okeke 8037579343 64 Male Elderly

34 Linda Onyeka 7063628061 40 Female Widow

35 Lotanna Paul ejike 8037071869 49 Male Landless

36 Marcel Anajiekwu 7033386435 63 Male Elderly

37 Mary Anajiekwu 7065307877 51 Female Dependent

38 Maryrose Anosike 8035703990 65 Female Elderly

39 Mikel chukwudi 8032914179 50 Male Dependent mmuruokwu

40 Mr Chukwunonso Ndubirizu 8034786661 39 Male Dependent

41 Mr Edwin Obi 7061141717 65 Male Elderly

42 Mr Nnaemeka Orajiobi 7061859060 32 Male Youth headed home

43 Mr. Innocent Okafor 80377799567 57 Male Landless

44 Mr. Joseph Okeke 8037579343 64 Male Elderly

45 Mr. Ogbonna Okeke 7060817427 64 Male Elderly

46 Mr. Raphael Atueyi 8068112231 58 Male Dependent

47 Mr. Samuel O. Egbuna 8033181192 63 Male Elderly

48 Mr. Vincent Okafor 8061119120 55 Male Landless

49 Mrs Catrine okafor 8103783018 68 Female Elderly

Mrs Cethreen Okafor 8103783018 68 Female Elderly

50 Nonso Anajiekwu 9037999515 25 Male Youth headed home

51 Nwachukwu Echezona 8109228531 45 Male Dependent

52 Obi George Onyekaba 8063800083 62 Male Elderly

53 Obinna Enemchukwu 8034928372 42 Male Dependent

54 Obor Patrick 7068640509 68 Male Elderly

55 Onyedika Okafor 8064548528 29 Male Widow

56 Onyekachukwu Iriemenam 8037370148 30 Male Landless

57 Philomena Orabueze 9029591102 70 Female Elderly

58 Raphael Enemchukwu 8035213989 36 Male Landless

59 Rev. Emeka Aralu 8069099802 60 Male Elderly

60 Samuel Obi 8033893652 61 Male Elderly

61 Simon Eleodumuo 8039364451 65 Male Elderly

62 Simon Eleodumuo 8039364451 65 Male Elderly

63 Simon Obi 8163604978 64 Male Elderly

64 Sunday Uba 8101202325 41 Male Landless

65 Theresa Enechukwu 8061263319 73 Female Elderly

66 Victor Enem 8033451420 42 Male Landless

67 Zeph Obi 8063428631 75 Male Elderly

ANNEX THREE: LIST OF PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS AND THEIR COMPENSATION

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

1 53 Male Married N06.05605 10 palm tree, 0.7 Loss of Cash ° 100 cassava, 1 crops and E006.9175 oil bean, 2 Economic 9° african bush Trees, mango Permanent Loss of Land

2 49 Male Married N06.05611 110 cassava, 1 1.81 Loss of Cash ° kolanut, 1 crops and E006.9177 african bush Economic 5° mango, 3 palm Trees, tree 2 oil bean Permanent Loss of Land

3 50 Male Married N06.05564 Part of Hall 1.11 Permanent ° with 1 shop Loss of Land E006.9175 (L=30, 9° W=30,H=15).

4 28 Male Married N06.05523 Part of 55 plantain, 50 0.3 Loss of Cash ° Fence(L=29.5 cassava, 2 crops and E006.9169 , H=2.5, W=9) avocado pear, 2 Economic 0° with bread fruit, 2 Trees and Makeshift kolanut, 1 Structure, Kitchen and orange, 1 Permanent Goat House. soursap, 2 Loss of Land guava.

5 18 Male Single N06.05556 Uncompleted 87 plantain, 1 0.3 Loss of Cash ° building avocado pear, 1 crops and E006.9173 (single room). moringa tree, 1 Economic 8° cashew, 87 Trees and plantain, 1 local Structure, pear, 1 paw- Permanent paw, 1 coconut, Loss of Land 1 breadfruit, 5 pineapple.

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

6 25 Male Married N06.05504 5 oil bean, 11 0.7 Loss of Cash ° palm tree, 5 crops and E006.9166 breadfruit, 3 Economic 3° pear, 1 avocado Trees, pear, 1 ugiri, 1 Permanent Iroko, 54 Loss of Land plantain, 4 kolanut, 1 African Cherry, 1 coconut. Landspace(10x 35)

7 63 Male Married N06.06028 150 bamboo. Loss of Cash ° crops and E006.9143 Economic 0° Trees

8 51 Femal Married N06.05546 Palm-oil mill 20 Cassava 0.1 Loss of Cash e ° house (L=30, stands. crops and E006.9173 H=3, W=10), Economic 6° 1 Trees and Damage to Structure, Permanent Loss of Land

9 50 Male Married N06.05268 Fence(L=10, 27 palm tree, 2 0.11 Loss of Cash ° H=2.5, pear, 1 crops and E006.9167 W=1.5). cashew, 2 oil Economic 7° bean, 100 Trees and cassava Damage to Structure, Permanent Loss of Land

10 67 Male Married N06.05251 Part of 27 palm tree, 2 0.14 Loss of Cash ° Bungalow (6 mango, I african crops and E006.9168 rooms and bush mango, 1 Economic 7° palour), oil bean, 35 Trees and Fence(27.5x2 plantain, 1 Damage to .5) soursap, 3 Structure, kolanut, 1 Permanent guava, Loss of Land

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

11 67 Male Married N06.05089 15 palm tree. 0.8 ° E006.9178 3°

12 60 Male Married N06.05139 Dilapidated 1.2 ° Building (5 E006.9155 rooms & 6° parlour with seperate toilet/ kitchen)

13 52 Male Married N06.05171 Dilapidated 350 bamboo, 3 0.3 Loss of Cash ° Building ( 2 palm tree, crops and E006.9154 rooms without Economic 8° insuit kitchen) Trees and Damage to Structure, Permanent Loss of Land

14 58 Male Married N06.05200 Dilapidated 1 iroko, 7 palm 1.2 Loss of Cash ° Building (5 tree, 1 crops and E006.9158 rooms & breadfruit, 1 Economic 3° parlour with soursop, 1 oil Trees and toilet and bean, 4 Damage to kitchen), part plantain, Structure, of fence L = Permanent 10, H = 2 Loss of Land

15 51 Male Married N06.05647 13 palm tree, 0.6 Loss of Cash ° 125 bamboo, 1 crops and E006.9150 breadfruit. Economic 8° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

16 74 Male Married N06.05449 70 cassava, Loss of Cash ° 244 bamboo, 2 crops and E006.9153 oil bean, 7 palm Economic 5° tree, 2 Trees breadfruit, 2 cashew, 4 mango, 2 pineapple, 2 bitter kola

17 32 Male Married N06.05868 1 oil bean, 1 0.7 Loss of Cash ° palm tree. crops and E006.9153 Economic 7° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

18 36 Male Married N06.05535 22 palm tree, 2 1.11 Loss of Cash ° oil bean. crops and E006.9159 Economic 6° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

19 60 Male Married N06.05853 4 cashew, 1 oil 0.6 Loss of Cash ° bean. crops and E006.9143 Economic 6° Trees

20 31 Male Married N06.05260 Dilapidated 1 guava, 1 1.2 Loss of Cash ° building 6 soursop, 1 crops and E006.9152 rooms and breadfruit, 1 Economic 1° parlour, part orange, 1 Trees and of fence L = mango, 1 Damage to 10, H = 1m, pawpaw, 4 Structure, banana, 100 Permanent cassava Loss of Land

21 58 Male Married N06.04799 3 palm trees Loss of Cash ° crops and E006.9195 Economic 7° Trees

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

22 65 Male Married N06.06084 100 bamboo. 0.7 Loss of Cash ° crops and E006.9141 Economic 7° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

23 54 Male Married N06.05318 15 plantain, 1 0.7 Loss of Cash ° orange, 4 pear, crops and E006.9164 105 palm tree, Economic 2° 1 Avocado pear. Trees, Landspace(10x Permanent 35) Loss of Land

24 55 Femal Married 3 plantain, 70 Loss of Cash e cassava. crops and Economic Trees

25 32 Male Married N06.05377 76 plantain Loss of Cash ° crops and E006.9167 Economic 6° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

26 46 Male Married N06.05400 4 palm tree, 0.7 Loss of Cash ° crops and E006.9167 Economic 7° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

27 42 Male Married N06.05060 Dilapidated Avocado pear, 1.2 Loss of Cash ° Building of 6 4 mango, 3 crops and E006.9170 rooms,toilet, cashew, 14 Economic 9° kitchen & palm tree, 1 Trees and palour with bread fruit, 1 Damage to Fence local pear, 8 Structure bamboo. and Cultural Heritage, permanent loss of land

100

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

28 = 58 Male Married N06.05051 13 palm tree 1 Loss of Cash ° crops and E006.9178 Economic 5° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

29 44 Male Married N06.05210 10 palm tree, 1 0.7 Loss of Cash ° pear, I african crops and E006.9170 bush mango. Economic 3° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

30 32 Femal N06.05215 7 palm tree, 1 0.7 Loss of Cash e ° oha oji, I african crops and E006.9170 bush mango. Economic 2° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

31 42 Male Married N06.05166 Dilapidated 7 oil bean, 4.2 Loss of Cash ° building of 6 crops and E006.9161 rooms & Economic 0° parlour Trees and (without toilet, Damage to kitchen) Structure, Permanent Loss of Land

32 37 Male N06.05197 13 palm tree, 1 0.7 Loss of Cash ° bread fruit. crops and E006.9170 Economic 7° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

33 20 Male N06.05232 5 palm tree, 2 0.4 Loss of Cash ° Ora. crops and E006.9169 Economic 6° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

101

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

34 8035213989 36 Male N06.05191 Dilapidated 16 palm tree, 6 0.7 Loss of Cash ° Building of (7 bread fruit, crops and E006.9171 rooms & Economic 1° palour witout Trees and kitchen & Damage to toilet insuit) Structure, Permanent Loss of Land

35 73 Femal Widow N06.05001 Part of Fence 2 orange, 2 1.2 Loss of Cash e ° with 2 pillars guava, 2 African crops and E006.9184 Bush mango, Economic 1° 21 palm treee, Trees and 10 bamboo, 1 Damage to pear. Structure, Permanent Loss of Land

36 34 Male N06.05660 1 african bush 1.11 Loss of Cash ° mango, 23 crops and E006.9159 palm tree, 1 Economic 5° mango, 2 oil Trees, bean. Permanent Loss of Land

37 51 Male N06.05593 34 palm tree, 1 0.4 Loss of Cash ° cashew, 1 bitter crops and E006.9150 kola, 15 Economic 1° cassava, 8 oil Trees, bean, 1 bread Permanent fruit, 2 mango, Loss of Land 100 bamboo.

38 65 Femal N06.05165 33 palm tree, 1 1.4 Loss of Cash e ° Mango, 1 crops and E006.9174 african bush Economic 9° mango, I bitter Trees, kola, 1 Cashew Permanent tree. Loss of Land

39 55 Male N06.05305 3 palm tree, 1 0.7 Loss of Cash ° avocado pear, 1 crops and E006.9164 bread fruit, 100 Economic 9° cassava stands. Trees

102

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

40 25 Male N06.05382 Uncompleted 0.24 Damage to ° kitchen structure, E006.9168 2°

41 8 42 Male Married N06.05346 Dilapidated 9 bread fruit, 0.7 Loss of Cash ° Building (2 42 palm tree, 4 crops and E006.9165 Bedrooms mango, 2 Economic 7° without Toilet african bush Trees and & Kitchen mango, 2 Damage to insuit). 2 soursap, 3 paw- Structure, bedroom paw, 68 Permanent plantain, 1 Loss of Land guava, 2 avocado pear,

42 63 Male Married N06.05259 Uncompleted 7 palm tree 1.11 Loss of Cash ° building (8 crops and E006.9154 rooms and Economic 2° parlour, just Trees and at window Damage to level) Structure, Permanent Loss of Land

43 42 Male Married N06.04780 Uncompleted 1 African bush 1.2 Loss of Cash ° building(2 mango, 1 crops and E006.9199 bedroom). Avocado pear, 1 Economic 5° Bitter kola, 3 Trees and Palm tree, 35 Damage to plantain, 2 local Structure pear, I Neem tree, 1 utazi, 1 bitter leaf, 1 Oil bean tree, 140 cassava, 1 bread fruit.

44 8 45 Male Married N06.04636 120 cassava, I 1.11 Loss of Cash ° african bush crops and E006.9203 mango, 2 palm Economic 9° tree, 4 plantain, Trees, 2 coconut. Permanent Loss of Land

103

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

45 49 Male N06.04761 21 banana. 0.36 Loss of Cash ° Landspace(10x crops and E006.9201 18) Economic 8° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

46 30 Male N06.05405 216 bamboo, 1.3 Loss of Cash ° 24 palm tree, 2 crops and E006.9155 ugiri, 1 Economic 8° breadfruit. Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

47 7 52 Male N06.05992 1 oil bean, 1 2 Loss of Cash ° cashew. crops and E006.9144 Economic 4° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

48 39 Male N06.05601 10 palm tree, 1 0.4 Loss of Cash ° mango, 1 crops and E006.9173 plantain, 1 Economic 6° african bush Trees, mango. Permanent Loss of Land

49 26 Male N06.05587 Part of 150 cassava, 2 1.2 Loss of Cash ° Building (3 orange, 2 crops and E006.9170 rooms & guava, 1 Economic 3° Parlour/ 5 plantain. Trees and rooms & Damage to Parlour Structure, bungalow), Permanent Part of Fence. Loss of Land

21 Male N06.05578 8 palm tree, 1 1.11 Loss of Cash ° mango, 1 crops and E006.9168 bitterkola, 1 Oil Economic 7° bean, 1 Trees, breadfruit. Permanent Loss of Land

104

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

50 62 Male N06.04751 8 palm tree. 0.7 21108 350000 371,108.00 Loss of Cash ° crops and E006.9195 Economic 6° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

51 56 Male N06.04762 11 palm tree, 1 0.7 Loss of Cash ° local pear. crops and E006.9191 Economic 8° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

52 29 Femal Widow N06.04786 7 palm tree, 1 1.2 Loss of Cash e ° oil bean. crops and E006.9188 Economic 9° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

53 38 Male N06.04751 2 mango, 3 0.6 Loss of Cash ° breadfruit, 4 crops and E006.9196 palm tree. Economic 7° Trees and Damage to Structure, Permanent Loss of Land

54 55 Male Married N06.04761 Fence(L=15, 50 cassava, 9 0.7 Loss of Cash ° W=3, H=3). palm tree, 25 crops and E006.9194 yam, 2 mango, Economic 3° 1 local pear. Trees and Damage to Structure, Permanent Loss of Land

55 45 Male Married N06.04920 3 palm tree, 1 Loss of Cash ° pawpaw, 1 crops and E006.9182 breadfruit,11 Economic 4° palntain, 50 Trees cassava

105

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

56 8 33 Male Married N06.04939 5 palm tree. 1.11 Loss of Cash ° crops and E006.9179 Economic 5° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

57 80 Male Married N06.04935 3 palm tree, 2 0.6 Loss of Cash ° oil bean. crops and E006.9176 Economic 4° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

58 52 Male Married N06.04633 1 bread fruit 0.1 Loss of Cash ° tree, 1 palm crops and E006.9201 tree, 16 banana Economic 8° tree. Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

59 51 Male Married N06.04955 5 palm tree. 1.4 Loss of Cash ° crops and E006.9188 Economic 3° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

60 46 Male Married N06.04655 1 cashew, 16 1.2 Loss of Cash ° palm tree, 20 crops and E006.9200 banana, 1 Economic 8° mango. Trees, Landscape(10x Permanent 6) Loss of Land

61 63 Femal N06.05362 70 cassava, 1 Loss of Cash e ° palm tree, crops and E006.9156 Economic 6° Trees

62 64 Male N06.05220 150 Cassava Loss of Cash E006.9170 crops and 3° Economic Trees

106

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

63 28 Male N06.05243 18 palm tree, 1 Loss of Cash ° Bush Mango, 1 crops and E006.9156 pear Economic 8° Trees

64 47 Male Married N06.05532 60 Bamboo 1 Loss of Cash ° trees. crops and E006.9162 Economic 4° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

65 8 46 Male Married N06.06105 1 oil bean, 1 2.4 Loss of Cash ° guava, 300 crops and E006.9141 bamboo, 3 Economic 5° cashew. Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

66 37 Male Married N06.05621 70 cassava. 0.1 Loss of Cash ° Landspace(10x crops and E006.9162 5). Economic 9° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

67 68 Male Married N06.05630 3 palm tree, 30 0.7 Loss of Cash ° cassava. crops and E006.9162 Economic 7° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

68 70 Male Married N06.04851 6 palm tree, 1 1 Loss of Cash ° oil bean, 1 crops and E006.9181 Gmelina. Economic 3° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

107

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

69 62 Male Married N06.05125 Dilapdated 8 palm tree, 1 1 Loss of Cash ° Building (3 pawpaw, 3 crops and E006.9165 rooms & plantain, 2 Economic 3° palour, orange, 2 Trees and collapsed), African Cherry, Damage to without 1 african bush Structure, kitchen and mango, 26 oil Permanent toilet bean, 12 local Loss of Land pear,

70 8 68 Femal Married N06.05284 9 palm tree, 3 0.7 Loss of Cash e ° bread fruit, 1 crops and E006.9167 mango, I bread Economic 4° fruit, 1 Iroko Trees, tree. Permanent Loss of Land

71 49 Male Married N06.05123 1 bread fruit, 0.6 Loss of Cash ° 100 cassava. crops and E006.9177 Economic 7° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

72 N06.05299 18 palm tree, 1 0.7 Loss of Cash ° mango, 1 bitter crops and E006.9165 kola, 2 bread Economic 4° fruit. Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

73 39 Male 21 palm tree, , 1.11 Loss of Cash 1 Cashew, 1 crops and African bush Economic mango. Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

74 N06.04835 1 Pear, 6 palm 1.11 Loss of Cash ° tree, 2 African crops and E006.9192 bush mango. Economic 1° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

108

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

75 55 Male N06.05438 2 oil bean,14 3.72 Loss of Cash ° palm tree. crops and E006.9154 Economic 5° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

76 29 Male 2 Palm tree, 1 0.6 Loss of Cash Bush Mango. crops and Economic Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

77 50 Male Married N06.05103 17 palm tree, 1 0.6 Loss of Cash ° mango, 1 crops and E006.9168 cashew, 1 Economic 3° bread fruit. Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

78 75 Male Married N06.04824 1 Avacado, 9 0.6 Loss of Cash ° palm tree, 1 crops and E006.9186 plantain, 1 Economic 3° Bread fruit, 2 Trees, Cashew, 2 Permanent Mango. Loss of Land

79 64 Male Married N06.05894 Building(palac 50 cassava, 1 1.13 206357 Loss of Cash ° e) unrendered soursop, 1 pear, crops and E006.9134 12 x 12 with 5 palm tree, 1 Economic 9° roof top, part mango, 30 Trees and of Fence L = Bamboo trees. Damage to 32 , H = 1.2 Structure, Permanent Loss of Land

80 64 Male Married N06.05135 1 Bread fruit, 1 1.11 191764 Loss of Cash ° African Bush crops and E006.9177 mango, 13 Economic 7 palm tree. Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

109

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

81 48 Male Married N06.04825 11 Palm trees, 0.7 Loss of Cash ° 4 Gmelina, 1 crops and E006.9185 sooft wood, and Economic 3° 1 Plantain Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

82 32 Male N06.05246 Part of fence 1 coconut, 1 Loss of Cash ° L = 20, H = 3, cashew, 1 crops and E006.9150 W = 2 mango, 50 Economic 1° cassava, Trees and Damage to Structure

83 40 Femal Married N06.05564 8 palm tree, 4 Loss of Cash e ° oil bean crops and E006.9166 Economic 8° Trees

84 62 Male Married N06.04864 3 palm tree, 1 1.11 Loss of Cash ° african bush crops and E006.9188 mango, 140 Economic 4° cassava, 1 oil Trees, bean. Permanent Loss of Land

85 47 Male Married N06.05451 30 palm tree. 0.7 Loss of Cash ° crops and E006.9167 Economic 7° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

86 Married N06.05388 10 palm tree, 1 1.11 Loss of Cash ° oil bean. crops and E006.9157 Economic 8° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

87 55 Male Married N06.05659 2 palm tree, 1 0.6 Loss of Cash ° oil bean. crops and E006.9148 Economic 5° Trees, Permanent

110

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

Loss of Land

88 37 Male N06.05362 14 palm tree, 1 Loss of Cash ° Bush Mango, 1 crops and E006.9156 walnut, 15 Economic 6° plantain, 1 pear Trees

89 33 Male N06.05302 Dilapidated 2 palm tree, 1 1 Loss of Cash ° Building of 4 Mango, 1 crops and E006.9150 rooms/ breadfruit, 45 Economic 0° parlour plantain, Trees and (dilapidated), Damage to part of fence Structure, L = 15 H = Permanent 3m W = 2 Loss of Land

90 41 Male Married N06.05320 Part of fence 29 plantain, 1 0.1 Loss of Cash ° L = 55m , H = orange, crops and E006.9153 2.5, small Economic 7° palace =10 x Trees and 12 room Damage to Structure, Permanent Loss of Land

92 40 Male Married N06.06028 150 bamboo. 1.11 Loss of Cash ° crops and E006.9143 Economic 0° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

93 38 Male Married N06.04732 Fence(L=15, 1 Iroko, 1 palm 0.7 Loss of Cash ° H=3). tree, 1 mango. crops and E006.9197 Economic 4° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

111

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

94 41 Male Married N06.05669 2 oil bean, 1 1.11 Loss of Cash ° palm tree. crops and E006.9155 Economic 8° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

95 60 Male Married N06.05413 Part of Fence 50 palm tree, 1 0.6 Loss of Cash ° bread fruit, 1 crops and E006.9168 bitter kola, Economic 6° Kitchen, Trees and Damage to Structure, Permanent Loss of Land

96 8 57 Male Married N06.04851 26 palm tree. 1.11 Loss of Cash ° crops and E006.9191 Economic 2° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

97 Married N06.05155 13 palm tree, 1 0.6 Loss of Cash ° pear, 2 kolanut. crops and E006.9175 Economic 7° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

98 8 52 Male Married N06.04875 130 cassava, 1 0.6 Loss of Cash ° bread fruit. crops and E006.9188 Economic 5° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

99 8 58 Male Married N06.05814 1 cashew, 1 0.7 Loss of Cash ° local pear. crops and E006.9145 Economic 2° Trees, Permanent Loss of Land

100 Male Married N06.05918 0.7 Permanent °

112

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

E006.9148 Loss of Land 7°

101 Male Married N06.05120 0.6 Permanent ° Loss of Land E006.9166 8°

102 Male Married N06.05717 0.6 Permanent ° Loss of Land E006.9153 6°

103 Male Married N06.06080 1.11 Permanent ° Loss of Land E006.9195 6°

104 Male Married 0.7 Permanent Loss of Land

105 Male Married 0.6 Permanent Loss of Land

106 Male Married N06.05820 0.7 Permanent ° Loss of Land E006.9134 9°

107 Male Married N06.05746 1.11 Permanent ° Loss of Land E006.9153 2°

108 Male Married N06.06033 1.2 Permanent ° Loss of Land E006.9132 7°

109 Male Married N06.05548 0.7 Permanent ° Loss of Land E006.9163 7°

113

NAME PHONE AG SEX MARITAL COORDINAT TOTA TOTAL TYPE OF NUMBER E STATUS ES L (A) ACQUISITION S/N AFFECTED ASSETS/PROPERTY ( B ) / COMMENTS

CULTURAL STRUCTURES (B) CASH LAND ( D) HERITAGE CROP/TREES ( C) (A)

110 Ob 7033171612 Male Married N06.06008 1.11 Permanent ° Loss of Land E006.9133 6°

111 Male Married N06.05938 1 Permanent ° Loss of Land E006.9159 9°

112 Male Married N06.06118 1.4 Permanent ° Loss of Land E006.9131 6°

113 Male Married 0.6 Permanent Loss of Land

114 Male Married N06.05694 1.11 Permanent ° Loss of Land E006.9155 5°

TOTAL 91.8

114

ANNEX FOUR: COST DERIVATION TABLE FOR CASH CROPS/ECONOMIC TREES AND STRUCTURES

MATRIX FOR DETERMINING COSTING FOR AFFECTED CASH CROPS/FARMS FOR Nnewichi

Mango Tree

S/N Name Damage Cost Productivity (Lost Income) Cost Expanded To Regrow Tree To Fruition Age

No of Damage Sub Total Pieces of Cost/Pi Age of Sub-Total Seedlin Land Sub Total Total (A+B+C) Trees Cost/Tree Fruit/Tre ece (N) Bearing g Clearing (A) e/Year Fruit (B) /Improv (C) (years) ement (N)

Anajekwu Okoye Innocent 2

Bob Obi Okonkwo 4 Chukwuemeka Echezona 1 Emmanuel

Emeka .J. Onwukwe 1 Enem Victor Chukwunonye 4

Ezimuo Chukwulo Augustine 1 Felix .M. Okonkwo 2 Ife Felicia Uzonma 1 Ifenna Ndubuizu 1

Ndubuizu Chukwunonso Chris 1

Nnodu Olisaemeka Julius 2

115

Nnodu Ozichukwu Bright 2

Obi Christopher Ebele 1

Okafor Ketrin Oluchukwu 1

Okafor Nzube 1 Okeke Ezinwanne Briget 1

Okeke Godwin Uzor 2 Okeke Joseph Ogbonna 1

Olisaemeka Nnodu Julius for 1 Osita Nnodu

Orji Ifeanyi Vincent 1

S/N Name

No of Trees

Anajekwu Chukwuka 1 Emmanuel

116

Anajekwu Chukwunonso 3

Anajekwu Micheal 2 Elochukwu Augustine 4

Enem Victor Chukwunonye 1

Enemchukwu Clement 1 Chidozie Chidozie

Enemchukwu Theresa 1 (Widow)

Ezimuo Uzochukwu Samuel 1

Iloh Ben Nnadozie 2 Nnodu Ifeanyi Daniel 1 Nnodu Ozichukwu Bright 1

Okafor Innocent 12 Okafor Oseloka .R. 1 Okeke Joseph Ogbonna 1

Orji Edwin Chimezie 1 Uzoeto-Ajaegbo Charles 2 Mmaduchem

Guava Tree S/N Name Damage Productivity (Lost Income) Cost Expanded To Regrow Tree To Fruition Age

117

Cost

No of Damage Sub Total Pieces of Cost/Pi Age of Sub-Total Seedlin Land Sub Total Total (A+B+C) Trees Cost/Tree Fruit/Tre ece (N) Bearing g Clearing (A) e/Year Fruit (B) /Improv (C) (years) ement (N)

Anajekwu Chukwuebuka 2 Joseph

Anajekwu okoye Innocent 1

Chukwuemeka Echezona 1 Emmanuel

Enemchukwu Theresa 2 (Widow)

Ifedigbo Emmanuel 1 Innocent Obiefuna 1 Ndubuizu Ejike Christain 2

S/N Name Damage Cost No of Trees

Okafor Innocent 18

118

Anajekwu Okoye Innocent 27

Adimorah Ephraim Echezona 10

Adimorah Franklin Nwamdu 3

Anajekwu Chukwunonso 11

Anajekwu Micheal 27 Anajekwu Okoye Innocent for 15 Muogbuo Family

Atueyi Osita Eugene 3 Atueyi Rapheal 7 Bob Obi Okonkwo 7 Chikezie Nnaemeka Peter 1

Cletus Azubuogu 13 Chukwunonso Chukwunonso

Edwin Nwachukwu Anichebe 3

Eleodimuo Christopher EC 12

Elochukwu Augustine 105

Enem Victor Chukwunonye 14

119

Enemchukwu Chike Fortune 13

Enemchukwu Clement 10 Chidozie Chidozie

Enemchukwu Helen Ebele 7

Enemchukwu osita Emmanuel 13

Enemchukwu Patric 5 Enemchukwu Rapheal Chibu 8

Enemchukwu Theresa 21 (Widow)

Ezimuo Chukwulo Augustine 23

Ezimuo Uzochukwu Samuel 13 Felix .M. Okonkwo 34 George Nwachukwu 3 Ife Felicia Uzonma 33 Ife Gabriel 3 Ifedigbo Emmanuel 42 Ifenna Ndubuizu 8 Igwilo Chinecherem Precious 7

Iloh Ben Nnadozie 3 Iloh Christain Enwelunam 2

120

Iriemenam Christopher 24 Onyekachukwu

Ndubuizu Chukwunonso Chris 10

Nnodu Ezimmadu Chukwudi 8

Nnodu Ifeanyi Daniel 11 Nnodu Nwanneka Chinenye 7

Nnodu Olisaemeka Julius 4

Nnodu Ozichukwu Bright 9

Nwachukwu Echezona 3 Tabugbo

Nwachukwu Elochukwu 5 Chukwuchebem

Nwogu Donatus Chukwuma 1

Nwosu Sunday for Dim Oliaku 5 Family pay Nwosu Sunday

Obi Christopher Ebele 16

Obi Philomina Chibulo Obi 1

Obianyo Emeka Sabastine 18

121

Obor Patric Nwabufo 3 Nwabufo

Okafor Emmanuel 6 Okafor Ketrin Oluchukwu 9

Okafor Nzube 18 Okafor Onyedika Chibuzor 21

Okafor Oseloka .R. 8 Okafor Vincent 14 Okeke Chinonso Emmanuel 2

Okeke Ezinwanne Briget 17

Okeke Godwin Uzor 9 Okeke Joseph Ogbonna 5

Okeke Ogbonna Isaac 13

Okoye Chinedu 11 Olisaemeka Nnodu Julius for 1 Osita Nnodu

Onyeka Linda Ebube 8 Onyekaba George Azukwu 3

Orabueze Jude Chukwuemek 30

Orabueze Paul 10

122

Orajiobi Felix Chukwuemeka 2

Orji Edwin Chimezie 14 Orji Ifeanyi Vincent 2 Orjichukwu Emmanuel Chu 89

Ubah Sunday 1 Udechukwu Edmund 50 Ogochukwu

Udeh Felix Ejike 26

Coconut Tree

S/N Name Damage Cost Productiv Cost Expanded To Regrow Tree To Fruition Age ity (Lost Income)

No of Damage Sub Total Pieces of Cost/Pi Age of Sub Seedling Land Sub Total Total (A+B+C) Trees Cost/Tree Fruit/Tre ece (N) Bearing - Clearing/I (A) e/Year Fruit Tot mproveme (C) (years) al nt (N)

(B)

Anajekwu Chukwuka 1 Emmanuel

Emeka .J. Onwukwe 1

Iloh Christain Enwelunam 2

Cashew Tree

123

S/N Damage Cost Productivity (Lost Income) Cost Expanded To Regrow Tree To Fruition Age No of Damage Sub Total Pieces of Cost/Pi Age of Sub-Total Seedlin Land ( C) Sub Total Total (A+B+C) Trees Cost/Tree Fruit/Tre ece (N) Bearing g Clearing e/Year Fruit /Improv (Years) ement (N) Anajekwu Chukwuka 1 Emmanuel

Anajekwu Micheal 1 Bob Obi Okonkwo 2 Emeka .J. Onwukwe 1 Enem Victor Chukwunonye 3

Felix .M. Okonkwo 1 Ife Felicia Uzonma 1 Innocent Obiefuna 3 Nduka Johnson Chukwuemeka 1

Obi Christopher Ebele 1

Okafor Onyedika Chibuzor 1

Okeke Ezinwanne Briget 1

Okeke Godwin Uzor 2 Uzoeto Christopher Ugoch 4

Uzoeto-Ajaegbo Charles 1 Mmaduchem

124

SUMMARY 6 (Cashew) 129,000.00

Avocado Pear

S/N Name Damage Cost Productivity (Lost Income) Cost Expanded To Regrow Tree To Fruition Age No of Damage Sub Total Pieces of Cost/Pi Age of Sub-Total Seedlin Land Sub Total Total (A+B+C) Trees Cost/Tree Fruit/Tre ece (N) Bearing g Clearing (A) e/Year Fruit (B) /Improv (C) (years) ement (N)

Anajekwu Chukwuebuka 2 Joseph

Anajekwu Chukwuka 1 Emmanuel

Anajekwu Chukwunonso 1

Elochukwu Augustine 1

Enem Victor Chukwunonye 1

Ife Gabriel 1 Ifedigbo Emmanuel 2 Iloh Ben Nnadozie 1 Okeke Godwin Uzor 1

125

Adimorah Ephraim Echezona 1

Adimorah Franklin Nwamdu 2

Anajekwu Chukwunonso 5

Anajekwu Micheal 2 Atueyi Rapheal 1 Bob Obi Okonkwo 2 Bob Obi Okonkwo 1 Chikezie Nnaemeka Peter 1

Eleodimuo Christopher EC 2

Enemchukwu Obinna Fidelis 7

Ezimuo Chukwulo Augustine 2

Felix .M. Okonkwo 8

George Nwachukwu 2 Ifenna Ndubuizu 1 Iloh Ben Nnadozie 1 Innocent Obiefuna 1

126

Nduka Johnson Chukwuemeka 1

Nnodu Nwanneka Chinenye 1

Okafor Emmanuel 1 Okafor Innocent 26 Okafor Vincent 2 Onyeka Linda Ebube 2 Onyekaba George Azukwu 1

Orabueze Paul 1 Orajiobi Felix Chukwuemeka 1

Ubah Sunday 2

Uzoeto Christopher Ugoch 1

Bush Mango (Ugiri) Tree

S/N Name Damage Cost Productivity (Lost Income) Cost Expanded To Regrow Tree To Fruition Age

No of Damage Sub Total Pieces of Cost/Pie Age of Sub-Total Seedlin Land Sub Total Total (A+B+C) Trees Cost/Tree Fruit/Tre ce (N) Bearing g Clearing (A) e/Year Fruit (B) /Improv (C) (years) ement (N)

Adimorah Ephraim Echezona 1

127

Adimorah Franklin Nwamdu 1

Anajekwu Chukwunonso 1

Anajekwu Okoye Innocent 1

Enemchukwu Clement 1 Chidozie Enemchukwu Helen Ebele 1

Enemchukwu Theresa 2 (Widow)

Ezimuo Chukwulo Augustine 1

Ife Felicia Uzonma 1 Iloh Ben Nnadozie 1 Iloh Christain Enwelunam 1

Iriemenam Christopher 2 Onyekachukwu

Ndubuizu Chukwunonso Chris 1

Okafor Onyedika Chibuzor 1

Okafor Oseloka .R. 2 Okeke Chinonso Emmanuel 1

Okeke Ogbonna 1

128

Onyekaba George Azukwu 1

Orji Edwin Chimezie 1

Kolanut tree

S/N Name Damage Cost Productivity (Lost Income) Cost Expanded To Regrow Tree To Fruition Age

No of Damage Sub Total Pieces of Cost/Pie Age of Sub-Total Seedling Land Sub Total Total Trees Cost/Tree Fruit/Tre ce (N) Bearing Clearing/Improv (A+B+C) (A) e/Year Fruit (B) ement (N) (C) (years)

Adimorah Franklin Nwamdu 1

Anajekwu Chukwuebuka 1 Joseph

Anajekwu Chukwunonso 4

Anajekwu okoye Innocent 3

Bitter Kola

S/N Name Damage Cost Productivity (Lost Cost Expanded To Regrow Tree To Fruition Age Income)

129

No of Damage Sub Total Pieces of Cost/Pie Age of Sub-Total Seedling Land Sub Total Total Trees Cost/Tree Fruit/Tre ce (N) Bearing Clearing/Improve (A+B+C) (A) e/Year Fruit (B) ment (N) (C) (years)

Bob Obi Okonkwo 2

Felix .M. Okonkwo 1

Ife Felicia Uzonma 1

Iloh Ben Nnadozie 1

Ifenna Ndubuizu 1

Okafor Nzube 1

Udechukwu Edmund 1 Ogochukwu

Bread fruit Tree

S/N Name Damage Cost Productivity (Lost Income) Cost Expanded To Regrow Tree To Fruition Age No of Trees Damage Sub Pieces of Cost/Piece (N) Age of Bearing Sub-Total Seedlin Land Sub Total Cost/Tree Total Fruit/Tree/Y Fruit (years) g Clearing/Imp Total (A+B ear (B) rovement +C) (A) (C) (N)

Anajekwu Chukwuebuka 2 Joseph

Anajekwu Chukwuka 1 Emmanuel

Anajekwu Chukwunonso 5

130

Atueyi Rapheal 1

Bob Obi Okonkwo 2

Chukwuemeka Echezona 1 Emmanuel

Cletus Azubuogu 1 Chukwunonso Chukwunonso

Emmanuel orjichukwu 15

Enem Victor Chukwunonye 1

Enemchukwu osita Emmanuel 1

Enemchukwu Rapheal Chibu 1

Enemchukwu Rapheal Chibu 5

Felix .M. Okonkwo 1

Ife Gabriel 1

Ifenna Ndubuizu 1

Ifedigbo Emmanuel 9

Iloh ben Nnadozie 1

Iriemenam Christopher 1 Onyekachukwu

Nnodu Olisaemeka Julius 3

Nwachukwu Echezona 1 Tabugbo

131

Nwogu Donatus Chukwuma 1

Obianyo Emeka Sabastine 1

Okafor Ketrin Oluchukwu 4

Okafor Lotanna Fidelis 1

Okafor Nzube 2

Okeke Ezinwanne Briget 1

Okeke Godwin Uzor 1

Okeke Ogbonna Isaac 1

Orji Ifeanyi Vincent 1

Udechukwu Edmund 1 Ogochukwu

Uzodike Nneka .E. for Dozie 1 Nwachukwu Pay Uzodike Nneka .E.

African Cherry (Udara)

S/N Name Damage Cost Productivity (Lost Income) Cost Expanded To Regrow Tree To Fruition Age No of Trees Damage Sub Pieces of Cost/Piece (N) Age of Bearing Sub-Total Seedlin Land Sub Total Cost/Tree Total Fruit/Tree/ Fruit (years) g Clearing/Impr Total (A+B+C) Year (B) ovement (N) (A) (C)

132

Anajekwu Chukwunonso 1

Okafor Innocent 1

Orange Tree Name Damage Cost Productivity (Lost Income) Cost Expanded To Regrow Tree To Fruition Age No of Trees Damage Sub Pieces of Cost/Piece (N) Age of Bearing Sub-Total Seedlin Land Sub Total Cost/Tree Total Fruit/Tree/ Fruit (years) g Clearing/Impr Total (A+B+C) Year (B) ovement (N) (A) (C)

Anajekwu Chukwuebuka 1 Joseph

Chukwuemeka Echezona 1 Emmanuel

Elochukwu Augustine 1

Enemchukwu Theresa 2 (Widow)

Ndubuizu Ejike Christain 2

Okafor Innocent 2

Orji Nonso 1

Pawpaw Tree

133

S/N Name Damage Cost Productivity (Lost Income) Cost Expanded To Regrow Tree To Fruition Age

No of Trees Damage Sub Pieces of Cost/Piece (N) Age of Bearing Sub-Total Seedlin Land Sub Total Cost/Tree Total Fruit/Tree/ Fruit (years) g Clearing/Imp Total (A+B+C) Year (B) rovement (A) (N) (C)

Anajekwu Chukwuka 1 Emmanuel

Chukwuemeka Echezona 1 Emmanuel

Ifedigbo Emmanuel 3

Nwachukwu Echezona 1 Tabugbo

Okafor Innocent 1

Soursop stand

S/N Name Damage Cost Productivity (Lost Income) Cost Expanded To Regrow Tree To Fruition Age No of Trees Damage Sub Pieces of Cost/Piece (N) Age of Bearing Sub-Total Seedlin Land Sub Total Cost/Tree Total Fruit/Tree/ Fruit g Clearing/Im Total (A+B+C) Year provement ( C) (N)

Anajekwu Chukwuebuka 1 Joseph

Atueyi Rapheal 1

Chukwuemeka Echezona 1 Emmanuel

Ifedigbo Emmanuel 2

SUMMARY 16 (Soursop)

134

Maize Stand

S/N Name Damage Cost Productivity (Lost Income) Cost Expanded To Regrow Tree To Fruition Age

No of Trees Damage Sub Pieces of Cost/Piece (N) Age of Bearing Sub-Total Seedlin Land Sub Total Cost/Tree Total Fruit/Tree/ Fruit (years) g Clearing/Im Total (A+B+C) Year (B) provement (A) (N) (C)

Anajekwu okoye Innocent 1

Okeke Joseph Ogbonna 1

Walnut

S/N Name Damage Cost Productivity (Lost Income) Cost Expanded To Regrow Tree To Fruition Age No of Trees Damage Sub Pieces of Cost/Piece (N) Age of Bearing Sub-Total Seedlin Land Sub Total Cost/Tree Total Fruit/Tree/ Fruit (years) g Clearing/Imp Total (A+B+C) Year (B) rovement (A) (N) (C)

Orji Edwin Chimezie 1 3500 3500 5 150 1 750 1 1000 1,000.0 5,250.00 0

SUMMARY 18 (Walnut) 5,250.00

Yam

S/N Name Damage Cost Improvement Cost Total (A+B) No of Stands Damage (A) Sub Improvem ( B) Sub Total Cost/yield Total ent

135

Nnodu Ozichukwu Bright 25 3000 75,000. 125 3125 78,125.00 00

SUMMARY 19 (Yam) 78,125.00

Bamboo Tree S/N Name Damage Cost Improvement Cost No of Tree Damage Sub Improvem Sub Total (B) Total (A+B) Cost/Tree Total ent (A) Anajekwu Mary 120 Atueyi Osita Eugene 350 Bob Obi Okonkwo 244 Cletus Azubuogu 125 Chukwunonso

Eleodimuo Simon 100 Chukwuma

Emmanuel Orjichukwu 450

Enem Victor Chukwunonye 8

Enemchukwu Theresa 10 (Widow)

Felix .M. Okonkwo 100 Iriemenam Christopher 216 Onyekachukwu

Marcel Anajiekwu 150 Ugochukwu

136

Obodoefuna Nnaemeka Paul 60

Obodoefuna Ugochukwu Inn 300

Okeke Joseph Ogbonna 30

Osakwe Ebenizer Obiora 150

Cassava S/N Name Damage Cost Improvement Cost No of Stands Damage Sub Improveme Sub Total Total (A + B) Cost/Tree Total nt

Adimorah Ephraim 100 Echezona

Adimorah Franklin 110 Nwamdu

Anajekwu Chukwuebuka 50 Joseph

Anajekwu Mary 120 Anajekwu Micheal 100 Bob Obi Okonkwo 70 Christain Elochukwu 70 Chukwuemeka Echezona 100 Emmanuel

Emeka .J. Onwukwe 50

137

Emmanuel orjichukwu 450

Felix .M. Okonkwo 15 Ife Gabriel 100 Iloh Ben Nnadozie 140 Iloh Christain Enwelunam 120

Ndubuizu Ejike Christain 150

Nnodu Ozichukwu Bright 50

Nwachukwu Echezona 50 Tabugbo

Obi Philomina Chibulo Obi 70

Obi Simon 150 Masuabuchukwu

Obor Chukwuka Nicholas 70

Obor Patric Nwabufo 30 Nwabufo

Okafor Lotanna Fidelis 100

Okeke Joseph Ogbonna 50

Onyekaba George Azukwu 140

138

Uzodike Nneka .E. for 130 Dozie Nwachukwu Pay Uzodike Nneka .E.

S/N Name No of Tree

Anajekwu Chukwuebuka 55 Joseph

Anajekwu Chukwuka 87 Emmanuel

Anajekwu Chukwunonso 54

Anajekwu okoye Innocent 35

Atueyi Rapheal 4 Christain Elochukwu 3 Elochukwu Augustine 15

Elochukwu Henry Nonso 76

Emmanuel Orjichukwu 60

139

Enem Victor 14 Chukwunonye

Ifedigbo Emmanuel 68 Iloh Ben Nnadozie 35 Iloh Christain Enwelunam 4

Iloh Emma 21 Ndubuizu Chukwunonso 1 Chris

Ndubuizu Ejike Christain 1

Nwachukwu Echezona 11 Tabugbo

Nwogu Donatus 16 Chukwuma

Obi Christopher Ebele 20

Okafor Innocent 3 Okeke Godwin Uzor 1 Okoye Chinedu 1 Orji Edwin Chimezie 15 Orji Ifeanyi Vincent 45 Orji Nonso 29

Pineapple S/N Name Damage Cost Improvement Cost Total (A+B) No of Tree Damage Sub Improveme Sub Total (B)

140

Cost/Tree Total nt (A) Anajekwu Chukwuka 5 Emmanuel

Bob Obi Okonkwo 2 Okafor Innocent 1

Oha Tree S/N Name Damage Cost Improvement Cost Total (A+B) No of Tree Damage Sub Improvem Sub Total (B) Cost/Tree Total ent (A) Enemchukwu Patric 2

Utazi Tree S/N Name Damage Cost Improvement Cost Total (A+B) No of Tree Damage Cost/Tree Sub Improvem Sub Total (B) Total ent (A) Iloh Ben Nnadozie 1

141

Gmelina Tree S/N Name Damage Cost Improvement Cost Total (A+B) No of Tree Damage Cost/Tree Sub Improvem Sub Total (B) Total ent (A) Okafor Emmanuel 1 Okoye Chinedu 4

Neem Tree S/N Name Damage Cost Improvement Cost Total (A+B+C) No of Tree Damage Cost/Tree Sub Improvem Sub Total (B) Total ent (A) Iloh Ben Nnadozie 1

Soft/Iroko wood tree

S/N Name Damage Cost Improvement Cost Total (A+B) No of Tree Damage Sub Improveme Sub Cost/Tree Tot nt Total (B) al (A) Anajekwu 1 Chukwunons o Atueyi 1 Rapheal Okafor 1 Ketrin Oluchukwu Okoye 1

142

Chinedu

Olisaemeka 1 Nnodu Julius for Osita Nnodu

Bitterleaf Stands

S/N Name Damage Cost Improvement Total (A+B) Cost No of Tree Damage Sub Total Impr Sub Cost/Tree (A) ovem Total (B) ent

Iloh Ben Nnadozie

S/ Name Damage Cost Improvement Total (A+B) N Cost No of Tree Damage Sub Impr Sub Cost/Tree Tota ovem Total (B) l (A) ent

Enemchukwu 1 10000 100 1500 15000 25,000.00 Helen Ebele 00 0

Summary 30 (Oha Oji) 25,000.00

Moringa

S/ Name Damage Cost Improvement Cost Total (A+B) N No of Tree Damage Sub Total (A) Improvemen Sub Cost/Tree t Total (B)

143

Anajekwu 1 Chukwuka Emmanuel

MATRIX FOR DETERMINING COSTING FOR AFFECTED STRUCTURES FOR Nnewichi S/N USE OF TYPE OF STRUCTU MATERIAL NAME OF PAPS CORDINAT AFFECTED PARTS (m, RE USED RATE RELOCATI REPLACEMEN SUBS COMPENSATION AMOUNT ES m2) ON COST T COST ISTE (N) NCE

1 Anajekwu Okoye Innocent N06.05547° Part of Bungalow Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 E006.91729 (6rooms & Parlour al Cement, ° with Fence L=27.5, Sand, W=2.5, H=3 Stone, water,Roof ing Sheets and lengths of M16

2 Okafor Innocent N06.05125° Dilapidated Building Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 E006.91653 (3 rooms & palour al Cement, ° without Kitchen & Sand, toilet insuit) Stone, water and Lengths of Iron

144

3 Okeke Joseph Ogbonna N06.05894° Building (unrendered Palace 6” Blocks, 0 E006.91349 12 x 12 room, roofed), Cement, ° Fence L=32, H=1.2, Sand, W=1.5 Stone, water and Lengths of Iron

4 Anajekwu Mary N06.05546° Palm-oil mill structure Business Zinc and 0 E006.91736 L=30, W=10, H=3. wood °

5 Anajekwu Micheal N06.05268° Part of Fence (L=10, Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 E006.91677 W=1.5, H=2.5). al Cement, ° Sand, Stone, water,

6 Orji Nonso N06.05320° Fence L = 55 , H = 2.5, Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 E006.91537 small palace =10 x 12 al Cement, ° room Sand, Stone, water

7 Enemchukwu Obinna N06.05166° Dilapidated 6 rooms Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 Fidelis E006.91610 & parlour (without al Cement, ° toilet, kitchen) Sand, Stone, water and Lengths of M12

8 Orji Ifeanyi Vincent N06.05302° Building- 4 rooms/ Residenti 9” Blocks, 0 E006.91500 parlour (dilapidated), al Cement, ° part of Fence L = 15, H Sand, = 3, W = 2 Stone, water and lengths of M16.

145

9 Ifedigbo Emmanuel N06.05346° Dilapdated Building (2 Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 400,000.00 0 400,000.00 E006.91657 Bedrooms without al Cement, ° Toilet & Kitchen Sand, insuit). Stone, water and Lengths of Iron

10 Ife Ikenna N06.05382° uncompleted kitchen Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 E006.91682 al Cement, ° Sand, Stone, water

11 Udechukwu Edmund N06.05413° Kitchen Fence (L=7m) Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 Ogochukwu E006.91686 attachment al Cement, ° Sand, Stone, water

12 Atueyi Osita Eugene N06.05171° Building ( 2 rooms Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 E006.91548 without insuit al Cement, ° kitchen) Sand, Stone, water and Lengths of Iron

13 Olisaemeka Nnodu Julius N06.04732° Part of Fence (L=15, Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 for Osita Nnodu E006.91974 H=3). al Cement, ° Sand, Stone, water

14 Nnodu Ozichukwu Bright N06.04761° Part of Fence (L=15, Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 E006.91943 W=3, H=3). al Cement, ° Sand, Stone, water

146

15 Atueyi Rapheal N06.05200° Dilapidated Building Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 E006.91583 (5 rooms & parlour al Cement, ° with toilet and Sand, kitchen), part of Stone, Fence L = 10, H = 2 water and Lengths of Iron

16 Enemchukwu Rapheal N06.05151° Dilapidated Building Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 Chibu E006.91592 (7 rooms & palour al Cement, ° without kitchen & Sand, toilet insuit) Stone, water and Lengths of Iron

17 Chukwuemeka Echezona N06.05260° Dilapidated building 6 Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 Emmanuel E006.91521 rooms and parlour, al Cement, ° part of fence L = 10, H Sand, = 1m, Stone, water and Lengths of Iron

18 Ndubuizu Ejike Christain N06.05587° Part of Building (3 Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 E006.91703 rooms & Parlour/ 5 al Cement, ° rooms & Parlour Sand, bungalow), Fence Stone, L=22.7, H=1.5, W=9 water and Lengths of Iron

19 Aralu Wilson Emeka N06.05139° Dilapidated Strcture Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 E006.91556 (5 rooms & parlour al Cement, ° with seperate toilet/ Sand, kitchen) Stone, water and Lengths of Iron

147

20 Emeka .J. Onwukwe N06.05246° Part of fence L = 20, H Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 E006.91501 = 3, W = 2 al Cement, ° Sand, Stone, water

21 Enemchukwu Theresa N06.05001° Part of Fence Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 (Widow) E006.91841 (Rendered, L=14, H=3, al Cement, ° W=21) with 2 pillars Sand, Stone, water

23 Enem Victor Chukwunonye N06.05060° Building 6 Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 E006.91709 rooms,toilet, kitchen al Cement, ° & palour with part of Sand, Fence (L=7m) Stone, water and Lengths of Iron

24 Chukwuebuka Anajekwu N06.05523° Part of Fence(L=29.5, Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 c/o Anajekwu Okoye E006.91690 H=2.5, W=9) with al Cement, Innocent ° Makeshift Kitchen Sand, and Goat House. Stone, water

25 Anajekwu Chukwuka N06.05556° Uncompleted building Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 Emmanuel E006.91738 (single room). al Cement, ° Sand, Stone, water and Lengths of Iron

148

26 Igwilo Chinecherem N06.05259° uncompleted building Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 Precious E006.91542 (8 rooms and parlour, al Cement, ° just at window level) Sand, Stone, water and Lengths of Iron

27 Akwukwu Hall Umuogbo N06.05564° Hall with 1 shop Social/Co 6” Blocks, 200000 village c/o Anajekwu E006.91759 (L=30, W=10, H=15). mmercial Cement, Micheal ° Sand, Stone, water

28 Iloh Ben Nnadozie N06.04780° Uncompleted Residenti 6” Blocks, 0 E006.91995 building(2 bedroom), al Cement, ° part of Fence L=10, Sand, H=2, W=1.1 Stone, water and Lengths of Iron

MATRIX FOR DETERMINING COSTING FOR AFFECTED CULTURAL HERITAGE FOR Nnewichi S/N CORDINATES NAME OF ITEM DESCRIPTION OF USE RELOCATI REPLACEMEN SUBS COMPENSATION COST PAP ON COST T COST ISTE NCE

1. N06.05060° E006.91709° Enem 2 Grave Tombs of his late Wife and 100,000.0 0 0.00 Victor Father 0 Chukwuno nye

149

SUMMARY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE

TOTAL COMPENSATION DUE FOR PAPs

150

ANNEX FIVE: PICTURES FOR NNEWICHI FIELD WORK

Plate 28 Consultants with community members during field Plate 29 Consultants with the site committee at the site survey

Plate 30 One of the field workers interviewing a PAP Plate 31An endangered property

Plate 32 Consultants assessing a property Plate 33 Discussion with PAPs in the field

151

Plate 35 Canal built by community to check erosion Plate 34 Catchpit dug by community to check flooding

Plate 37 Cross section of Women group during consultation Plate 36 Consultant with PAPs in the field

Plate 38 Soil Sampling Plate 39 Endangered building

152

ANNEX SIX:TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP)

BACKGROUND: The Government of Nigeria is implementing the multi-sectoral Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP), which is financed by the World Bank, Global Environment Facility, the Special Climate Change Fund, and the Government of Nigeria. NEWMAP finances activities implemented by States and activities implemented by the Federal Government. The Project currently includes 19 States, namely Anambra, Abia, Cross River, Edo, Enugu, Ebonyi, Imo, Kogi, Gombe, Delta, Plateu, Sokoto, Oyo, Katsina, Nasarawa, Akwa-Ibom, Bauchi and Borono.

The lead agency at the Federal level is the Federal Ministry of Environment (FME), Department of Erosion, Flood and Coastal Zone Management. State and Local Governments, Local Communities and CSOs are or will be involved in the Project, given that the Project is a multi-sector operation involving MDAs concerned with Water Resources Management, Public Works, Agriculture, Regional and Town Planning, Earth and Natural Resources Information and disaster risk Management.

The development objective of NEWMAP is: to rehabilitate degraded lands and reduce long-term erosion vulnerability in targeted areas. At State level, NEWMAP activities involve medium-sized civil works such as construction of infrastructure and/or stabilization or rehabilitation in and around the gullies themselves, as well as small works in the small watershed where gullies form and expand. These works trigger the World Bank's Safeguard Policies including Environmental Assessment OP 4.01; Natural Habitats OP 4.04; Cultural Property OP 11.03; Involuntary Resettlement OP 4.12 Safety of Dams OP 4.37; Pest Management Safeguard Policy OP 4.09; and Projects on International Waterways OP 7.50.

The environmental and social safeguards concerns are being addressed through two national instruments already prepared under the project an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and a Resettlement Policy Framework, (RPF). These framework instruments need to be translated into specific, costed, measurable and monitorable actions for specific intervention sites through the preparation of site specific management and action plan. ESMF: In general the ESMF specifies the procedures to be used for preparing approving and implementing (I) Environmental Social Assessments ESA’s or alternately both an SA or an EA and/or (II) Environmental Social Management Plans ESMP’s or alternately both an EMP and SMP for individual civil works packages developed for each project ESMP’s are essential for category B projects.

RPF: the RPF applies when land acquisition leads to the temporary or permanent physical displacement of persons and/or loss of shelter and/or loss of livelihoods and/or loss denial or restriction of access to economic resources due to project activities it sets out the resettlement and compensation principles organizational arrangements and design criteria to be applied to meet the needs of project affected people and specifies the contents for a resettlement action plan rap for each package of investments a resettlement policy framework (RPF) which serves as a practical tool during the programme formulation design implementation and monitoring was prepared for NEWMAP which serves as a guide for the present terms of reference.

153

The activities of component 1 will involve civil works in specific intervention site, that is, construction of drainage works and/or rehabilitation of gullies this could result in the acquisition of land or displacement for families, business or public infrastructure thus triggering the World Bank OP/BP 4.12- involuntary resettlement.

Objective and Scope of the Consultancy The objective of the consulting services is to prepare a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the following gully erosion sites in Anambra State. The site covered under by this TOR are: The intervention sites covered are as follows:

LOT 1: Nnewichi and Ojoto

The preparation of the RAP requires that an engineering design for the site is available it is also strongly recommended that high resolution digital imagery be acquired for each proposed site intervention. ENGINEERING DESIGNS:detailed engineering designs for intervention sites will be presented to the consultant on request.

OBJECTIVE OF THE RAP The aim of the RAP is to identify and assess the human impact of the proposed works at the target gully erosion sites as described above and to prepare an action plan to be implemented in coordination with the civil works in line with World Bank policy and Nigeria policies and laws. Experience has shown that involuntary resettlement can cause loss of income assets and community ties that especially among the poor can be essential for survival and well-being in extreme cases involuntary resettlement can lead to the dissolution of families impoverishment and health problems the resettlement plan will identify the project affected persons PAPS engage them in participatory discussions regarding the plan and formulating a plan of action to adequately compensate people for their losses. The policy of the world bank is to ensure that persons involuntarily resettled caused by the taking of land in the context of a project supported by the bank have an opportunity to restore or improve their level of living to at least the pre project level project affected people should participate in the benefits of the project and they should be given options regarding how they restore or improve their previous level of living in the NEWMAP project it is not sufficient for communities to passively accept project works and the impact of these works rather they must be mobilized to contribute actively to project design and implementation and to maintain the works following implementation this feature underscores the need for accurate analysis of local social organization.

KINDS OF RESETTLEMENT PLANS Three kinds of resettlement plans can emerge from this process depending on the degree of impact they are; Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Abbreviated Resettlement Plan (ARAP) Land Acquisition Plan (LAP)

154

 The RAP is prepared when more than 200 people are displaced by the project works;  The ARAP is a simplified plan suitable only when fewer than 200 people are displaced (see OP4.12 annex A);  The LAP is prepared when no displacement occurs but land is acquired for the purpose of project implementation.

RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE RAP Before resources can be allocated to a specific erosion project the state project management unit (SPMU) must prepare a rap satisfactory to the world bank advice and suggestions on the preparation of RAP’s may be obtained from the relevant specialists in the federal PMU (FPMU) in the Ministry of Environment. Normally specialized consultants prepare plans but the SPMU is accountable for the quality and timeliness of such plans.

FIRST STEPS IN PREPARING A RAP The first step in preparation of a RAP is engagement with the community this must begin from an early date and a relationship of trust must be formed between the executing agency and the affected community in which both sides have an opportunity to air their views in general small neighbourhood meetings are preferable to large public audiences where there is a greater tendency for matters to be politicized and people tend to “grandstand” and posture rather than exchange information in an atmosphere of cooperation. It is necessary that member of the SPMU and the engineering firm that will design the works be present at these meetings. Hopes and demands expressed by community members should be taken seriously and if possible incorporated into plans.

The next step in RAP preparation is to identify the perimeter within which people and land will be affected by displacement or land acquisition for this purpose maps engineering drawings satellite imagery are necessary.

Third a complete census survey shall be done of all the families’ businesses public buildings farms and other infrastructure located within the perimeter. GIS technology is highly recommended for this purpose with all manmade features being geo-referenced the use of hand held GPS device will facilitate establishing the coordinates of each property identified the census includes data on age, gender, occupation, income, sources of livelihood of all persons who live on or derive a living from the area of land as well as information on houses businesses and other structures in use in the affected area.

The size (in m2) of each identifiable landholding affected by the project shall be recorded in addition to the area (in m2) of the area actually affected by the project. In cases where the engineering design will result in the loss of most of the land area or when the land remaining is not suitable for cultivation or other use the owner may request compensation for areas that become inaccessible as a result of project works.

Each land parcel and structure should be numbered geo-referenced, photographed and described in detail. Construction materials, roofing and measurements should be noted in accordance with the standards in use in the particular state or federal standards. All information should be kept in a

155

single folder (physical or virtual) for easy retrieval and cross tabulation the use of a simple database management platform is recommended such as Oracle, Microsoft Access etc. In Nigeria, it is important to include such feature as family compounds, places of worship, schools, health posts, sports fields, burial grounds and places held sacred by local populations farm structures such as fencing, storage buildings and the like are also to be included. Each structure included in the census should be valuated according to its replacement value in the local market (see below).

Because of the linear nature of streams, erosion gullies and roads, it is important to identify existing features or aspects of the engineering design that could impact on communities if land is taken for the purpose of erosion control or drainage, there is likely to be an impact on communication within and among communities. Barriers to access caused by project works should be considered in the RAP and, where necessary mitigation plans should be included.

SOCIOECONOMIC STUDY Based on the census community meetings and other data collected in the field a socioeconomic profile for the affected community should be prepared as part of the RAP. Some of the topics that shall be included are:  demographic structure of the community;  leadership patterns and political process;  family structure;  Services available in or near the community: schools, health facilities, credit facilities, religious organizations, government agencies;  Debit/credit relationships  Existing organizations (E.g. age grades, religious groups, etc) and capacity for community action;  Conflicts and divisions (ethnic religious, etc) within the community or between communities;  Important local customs and festivals;  Education levels;  Permanence of the community;  Primary forms of livelihood;  Community attitudes towards erosion and drainage;  Relevant aspects of gender relations; women’s vs. men’s roles.

The entire range of social characteristics shall be woven together by a sociologist or other social scientist to paint a coherent picture of how the community is likely to respond to change and how best to make community members active participants in the changes that must take place.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE RESETTLEMENT PLAN Based on the census and socio-economic study a resettlement plan is designed for projects that involve only land acquisition, it is important to identify all landowners, farmers, cattle breeders and those who have claims on the land that will be taken. The primary issue is to ascertain the impact that the project will have on livelihoods. This applies not only to land owners but also land users such

156

as tenant, farmers, renters, and the like. The impact may range from nil to virtually destroying the livelihood of persons who depend heavily on the land for income. The design for the project and the Environment and Social Management Plan (ESMP) shall take account of social organization and propose entry points, communication techniques, incentives and other necessary features of project design that will ensure active community participation before during and after implementation. Where people actually occupy the land, the impact of the project may fall on housing businesses public infrastructure and other structures.

MITIGATION POLICY Resettlement is about finding adequate ways of compensating people for loss of shelter, place of business or farmland. However the task does not end with relocation. Perhaps the single most important feature of post-resettlement rehabilitation is the restoration of livelihoods. In some cases livelihoods are not affected and people are able to continue in their chosen economic activities as before with no loss of income. In other cases however, loss of farmland, residence or business clientele can create a spiral leading to impoverishment. In such cases the resettlement plan can include specific measures to restore or improve livelihoods.

Mitigation of resettlement can take various forms when affected people depend primarily on land for their livelihood. Bank policy strongly recommends offering land in compensation for lost land so that the land-based economy can be maintained. In some cases cash compensation for lost assets is allowed, but only where there is a free and active market for land, housing or other lost assets. The bank does not approve of compensation packages that lead people to squat illegally on public land or that sets them back deeper into poverty. Where poor people are involved, it is often necessary to provide special assistance to assure that people manage their compensation adequately. Other forms of compensation involve retraining people for other professions for which there is a demand. Special care should be taken with vulnerable people who lack social support necessary to allow them to restore their prior life style. Cash compensation may be used but only under certain conditions. Cash compensation is acceptable only when there is an active market in land or other assets that people can acquire in order to restore their livelihoods. Works may not begin until resettled people have been adequately compensated according to the RAP. Temporary resettlement is generally not acceptable, except in cases where the works require people to move away from their homes and lands and then allows them to return to the same places.

Design of mitigation plans involves three tools: (a) asset valuation (b) the definition of entitlements; and (c) an eligibility matrix. Entitlements are goods services and sometimes cash made available to affected people to offset their losses caused by the taking of land. Note that business losses not caused by the taking of land are not covered by this policy. (a.) Valuation of Assets: assets that will be lost such as land, homes, fencing, un-harvested crops, and permanent crops such as fruits trees, etc should be valued at replacement cost that is the current cost of replacing the asset with a similar asset on the open market. Depreciation is not to be considered in valuing assets. Many states maintain a standard table of values for homes, land, crops, etc for expropriation purposes, but these tables are often out of date and do not reflect actual prices practiced on the market. It may be necessary to conduct a new survey using up to date information. Tax records in which the landowner declares the value of his/her land are notoriously inaccurate because landowners frequently understate the value of their homes or land in order to reduce their tax bills. The

157

purpose of valuation is to make it possible for the affected party to acquire new assets that will be equivalent to or better than the assets lost. Depreciation is not to be considered. Various methods can be used to estimate the value of property such as data on land transactions made within the past year or two, construction costs, estimates by real estate professionals and others. The goal is to determine the replacement value of each affected structure for the purpose of compensation.

(b.) Definition of entitlements: Entitlements are goods and services provided to offset losses caused by expropriation of land, houses, farm buildings, shops, etc entitlements are intended to offset the losses incurred by people when land is expropriated for project purposes so they should be roughly equal in value. There are some exceptions, however. Entitlements are sometime set at a minimum level to allow people to be resettled without a significant loss of living style. This is often the case with squatters who have lived in place for a long time but who lack legal title to the land they occupy. Entitlements may consist of land with improvements (e.g. irrigation), new housing, building materials to build houses, cash payments, training for a new profession, especially where it is not possible to continue in a previous activity because of the resettlement.

(c.) Eligibility matrix the eligibility matrix matches categories of affected people with specific entitlements or a selection of entitlements. For example farmers who lose up to one-half of their land may be eligible to receive plot of land equivalent to the land lost or cash compensation for the portion lost. On the other hand farmers who lose a large portion of their land may be entitled to a new lot equivalent to the entire plot they farmed previously or to cash compensation. The reason is that when a large portion of a farm is taken it may lose its economic viability and the farmer may opt to be compensated for the entire farm. The eligibility matrix must be crafted carefully to satisfy the needs of the displaced families and the available financial envelope. There is no one-size-fits-all eligibility matrix. Rather the matrix must be worked out in consultation with the community and in accordance with availability of resources. In some cases, for example, land may be so scarce that it will be impossible to provide land-for-land. Annex B provides an example of an eligibility matrix that is illustrative of how such matrices are constructed.

CUT-OFF DATE A cut-off date shall be set and announced to the affected community. Usually the cut-off date corresponds to the date of completion of the census. After this date, no compensation will be made to families or persons who install themselves within the affected area or for improvements made to homes or other structures. The purpose of the cut-off date is to avoid speculative investments inside the affected area by persons seeking entitlements. If two years or more pass after the declaration of a cut-off date, the census must be repeated and new valuation computed for assets.

BUSINESSES Businesses and service establishments may be displaced by erosion control projects. In such cases business owners may be compensated with cash, with a new place of business or other benefits. Service providers, such as auto repair shops should be provided with a building site in a location where they will be able to attract customers or keep existing ones. Business owners are entitled to

158

compensation for lost profits during the time they are unable to operate due to displacement or while they rebuild their clientele. Small, informal businesses present a problem because they normally do not keep records nor do they pay taxes. In such cases, an estimate of profits may be based on daily turnover on inventory or other methods of estimation.

VULNERABLE PEOPLE The census shall be used to identify vulnerable people among the affected population. Vulnerable people shall be defined as elderly people who lack a social support network to assist them in moving to a new location; persons suffering from a mental or physical disability, single mothers of small children and very poor persons living below the poverty line. The entitlement table shall include this category as having special entitlements including personal assistance with moving, reestablishment of household, reestablishment of a social network and appropriate assistance form informal or formal sources. This role is normally played by social workers.

CONFLICTS AND CLOUDED TITLES Sometimes it is not possible to compensate landowners and homeowners because of conflicting claims or unsettled estates. In cases of inheritance for example where the heirs to a property cannot all be found it may be necessary to deposit funds into an escrow account held by a reliable financial or government entity until all claims are settled. The proponent agency has an obligation to proactively assist the affected parties and claimants to settle their differences in a timely manner. In no case, is it acceptable for people to be evicted from their homes or farms without having made provisions for them to be re-housed and rehabilitated.

PUBLIC FACILITIES Public facilities such as schools, houses of worship, sports facilities that are displaced or become inaccessible because of the taking of land should be rebuilt at project expense at a location and in a manner acceptable to the users of that facility.

DISCLOSURE After the resettlement plan has been developed, it must be disclosed in a manner that is accessible to the community and other interested parties in the language used by members of the community. Printed copies may be deposited at local agencies and posted online. Prior to implementation, additional community meetings should be held to discuss the plan and how it will be implemented.

IMPLEMENTATION Resettlement must be closely coordinated with construction. A timetable shall be included in the resettlement plan and compliance with this timetable shall be monitored. Deviations from the timetable shall be justified in monitoring reports (see below). It is not acceptable for construction to begin with the demolition of homes or schools before appropriate measures have been taken to replace housing and other structures. If cash compensation is used, it must be paid before people are obliged to move.

RESPONSIBILITIES AND ACCOUNTABLILITIES

159

The plan shall contain a matrix listing all entities (public and private) responsible for designing and implementing the resettlement plan. It shall include columns indicating the role of each agency, the resources allocated to it and the source of these resources and legal instrument to be used to assure performance (e.g. contract, MOU, operating agreement). It is essential that the development of the plan include contact with the management of each agency and their agreement to perform their particular role in a timely fashion. For example, if land is allocated to displaced farmers, the local land registrar must agree to register each land parcel and issue the appropriate certificates of occupancy and land titles in a timely fashion. Such arrangements must not be left until after implementation has begun.

FINANCING The resettlement plan shall include a detailed budget, a budget justification and a financing plan that shows the source of funding for the overall resettlement plan. Bank financing may be used to pay for studies, prepare resettlement plans, and to pay salaries to social workers and other staff needed to work with the population. The same procurement rules that apply to other project activities apply to resettlement activities. Solutions that involve environmental impacts such as clearing forested land for new farmland and other activities with significance should be subjected to Environmental Impact Assessments. Loan funds may not be used for land acquisition or for cash compensation. These costs shall be paid out of local counterpart funds. The costs of resettlement shall be included in the overall project costs.

GRIEVANCE PROCEDURES Each resettlement plan shall include clear procedures for filing and resolving grievances from the affected population. Grievance procedures fall into the following steps; Reception and registration: affected people shall have the right to file complaints or grievances with regard to any aspect of the resettlement project. They may do so verbally in writing or through a representative. Grievances shall be recorded by the implementing agency with the name of the griever, address and location information, the nature of the grievance and resolution desired. Receipt of grievances shall be acknowledged within 48hours of receipt by an official authorized to receive grievances.

Resolution: all grievances shall be referred to the appropriate party for resolution and shall be resolved within 15days after receipt. If additional information is needed, project management can authorize and additional 15days for resolution. Results of grievances shall be disclosed to the griever in writing with an explanation of the basis of the decision.

Appeals: grievers dissatisfied with the response to their grievance may file an appeal. In such cases, the responsible authority shall assemble a committee to hear cases including at least one disinterested party form outside the company or agency responsible for the resettlement project. There will be no further redress available outside the resettlement project. In such cases grievances would need to be pursued through the legal system.

Monitoring: during project implementation and for at least 3 months following the conclusion of the project monthly reports will be prepared by the responsible agency regarding the number and nature

160

of grievances filed and made available to project management and included in the trimester report by the SPMU and FPMU.

MONITORING AND EVALUATION The resettlement plan must include a timetable and performance indicators among the indicators shall be;  Meetings held with community (date, attendees, topics discussed)  Date of conclusion of census and announcement of cut-off date  Presentation of plan to World Bank through SPMU  Date of presentation of plan to community and posting  Date of first compensation (e.g. moving families to new housing)  Date of midpoint in project implementation  Date at which last family or business leaves the affected area

Monthly monitoring reports shall be filed by the agency or company carrying out the resettlement plan referring to these dates.

After project implementation at the time by which all families and businesses shall have been resettled and compensated and rehabilitation measures carried out, an evaluation shall be carried out using evaluation reports and interviews with resettled families, farmers and businesses. While satisfaction of the resettled families is an important factor, it can be expected that many people will be dissatisfied with having had to move at all. The most important feature of resettlement is the extent to which resettled people have had the opportunity to rebuild their livelihoods at a level similar to or better than the pre-project level. Surveys that examine the satisfaction of people with the resettlement they underwent are not usually helpful.

CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING In order to ensure that the resettlement related activities are carried out in a satisfactory manner, the consultant should provide training for staff from the implementing agency and other institutions involved in implementation. The training would cover the issues as outlined above and which could include the following: (i) costs of the training; (ii) training workshops and other forms of consultations to ensure is full disclosure and discussed with PAP’s and other stakeholders, as needed; and (iii) duration or timetable of the training should be clearly defined, including for consultations that will be conducted on a regular basis (e.g. monthly feedback). The consultant will analyze the need for additional capacity building for the involved institutions and actors, and design a long-term consultation and training program for the implementing agency.

FORMAT OF RESETTLEMENT PLAN The RAP will include the following sections:  Cover page  Table of contents  List of acronyms and their definition  Executive summary

161

 Introduction  Description of the proposed project  Description of the area of influence and social baseline conditions  Summary of consultations with relevant stakeholders and affected persons  Summary of relevant local and federal policy legal regulatory and administrative frameworks  Discussion of the social impacts of the proposed project  The proposed resettlement plan . the valuation methodology . entitlements . eligibility matrix  Budget and financing plan  Institutional matrix  Timetable of events coordinated with the construction project  Monitoring plan including suitable indicators for the proposed project  Annex spreadsheet showing all project affected households and businesses the amount of land taken the total remaining landholding the entitlements selected.

162

ANNEX SEVEN:CENSUS/ SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA COLLECTION FORM

IDENTIFICATION

Community: ______Date______

Name of Interviewer______Affix Passport Here

Name of the Respondent: ______Phone No______Relationship to Household head______Age___ Sex___ Address: ______Nationality______Nativity ______Length of stay within the community______

GENERAL INFORMATION Religious Group: Christians____Muslim___ATR___Others (specify) ___ Social Group: Vulnerable___General___ Family Pattern: Joint___Nuclear___Individual______Size of Family: Small (2-4) ____Medium (5-7) ____Large (Above7) ____

FAMILYPARTICULARS(Startfrom head of the household) S/N Name of Member Sex Age Marital Relationship Educational Occupation Status to HH-head level Primary Secondary

163

Household’s Main Occupation______and Monthly income (N)______Secondary Source______and Monthly Income (N)______No. of Adult earning members:______No. of dependents:___ Family annual expenditure: (N)______

COMMERCIAL/SELF EMPLOYMENT ACTIVITIES Type of Shop/Business Enterprises (SBEs) Hotel____Provision store____Repair & Workshop____ Other Shops (Specify) ______Other Enterprise (Specify) ______No. of Partners: ___

Employment Pattern Owner/Operator____Employed 1 to 5 persons___Employed above 5____

VULNERABILITY HH becoming BPL as a result of loss of livelihood/asset___ Female headed household___

PUBLIC UTILITIES How would you describe the condition of the following amenities in town you live/community? Amenities Very Good Good Fair Poor Roads to the community Roads within the community Schools in the community Public Health Institutions Potable Water Public Electricity Communication facilities (Postal Service, Telephone) Public recreation facilities

What is the major source of water available to your household? (i)River____ (ii)Borehole (commercial)____ (iii)Borehole (private)___ (iv)Public pipe-borne water___(v)Pond___ (vi)Water Vendor___ (vii)Well water___

How long does it take you in minutes/hours to get to your water source___

What is your primary source of electricity

164

(i)Hurricane Lamp___(ii) Private Generators___ (iii)Community Generators___ (iv)State Government Utilities Board___ (v)Company Operating in your community___ (vi) PHCN (National Grid)___

What is your secondary source of electricity? (i)Hurricane Lamp___ (ii) Private Generators___ (iii)Community Generators___ (iv)Company Operating in your community___

What is the main fuel you use for cooking? (i)Firewood___(ii)Charcoal___ (iii)Kerosene___ (iv)Gas___ (v)Electricity___(vi)Crop residue/ Saw dust___(vii) Animal Wastes___(viii)Others___

HEALTH AND SANITATION What type of toilet facility do you use? (i)Pit___(ii) Bush___(iii)Bucket___(iv) Water Closet___(v)Others (Specify)……

How do you dispose of your household refuse? (i)Private Open Dump___(ii) Public Open Dump___(iii) Organized Collection___(iv)Burning___(v) Bush___(vi)Burying___

Which of the following diseases/condition is most common in your area (i)Malaria___(ii)Typhoid___(iii)Diarrhoea___(iv)Cough___(v) Respiratory Disturbance___(vi)Others__

PROJECT PERCEPTION Are you aware of the proposed Erosion Rehabilitation Project? Yes___No__ If Yes, Source of information______What is your opinion about the project? Good____ Bad____ Can’t say____ If good, what positive impacts do you perceive? ______If bad, what negative impacts do you perceive? ______

INFORMATION ON AFFECTED PROPERTY GPS Coordinates: ______Name of PAP______Phone No______Category of PAP: Titleholder___ Encroacher___ Tenant___ Squatter____ others (specify) ______Type of document possessed to certify ownership type______

165

If not owned, state name and Address of owner______If informal use right, state type of agreement______Number of years used_____ Rent paid/month (N) ______

Details of the structure Type of Use: Residential____Commercial___Residential/Commercial___Other (Specify) __ Construction Type: Mud___Brick___Mud/Thatched roof__Brick/Zinc roof____ No. of Rooms/Storey___Impacted Area (m2) _____Total Impacted Area (m2) ____ Utility Connection: Electricity____Water___Phone__ (P-Partially F-Fully)

Other Affected Assets Compound wall/fence___ Tree___ Farmland____ Borehole/well___ Others (Specify) ____ Replacement Value (N) ______Assets distance to the wall edge______

Agricultural Products Type of Crop

Owner of Crop

Total yearly production

Average yield

Average value of crop

Number of labor used for production

Crop products sold at market (%)

Average yearly household income from agriculture (N) ______

Trees Type of Tree

Number of affected Tree

Average yield of fruit bearing trees

Average yearly income from fruit tree

166

RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION In case you are displaced (residentially) where and how far do you prefer to be located? Within the area___ Outside the area____ Place name______Distance___ (km)

Which is your preferred replacement Option? Land for land lost ___Cash Assistance ___House in Resettlement Site ___Shop in Resettlement Site __Other (Specify) ___

Factors to be considered in providing alternate place Access to family/friends ____Income from friends___ Income from Business activity___ Daily Job___ Close to Market___ Other (Specify) ____

167

ANNEX EIGHT: MINUTES OF MEETINGS HELD ON BETWEEN 9TH-11TH FEBRUARY, 2017 AT NNEWICHI TOWN HALL.

The town hall meeting for the ESMP/RAP for the Nnewichi gully erosion site started with a presentation of kola-nut by Obi of Nnewichi at 10:13am. The traditional ruler used the opportunity to express his appreciation on-behalf of the entire Nnewichi people to the NEWMAP/World Bank and the consultant. He was optimistic that the essence of the gathering will yield its desired results. The PG of Nnewichi Development Union called on the AN-NEWMAP representatives to state the reason for the meeting. The SPMU communication specialist introduced the SPMU team which included Environmental specialist, Social and Livelihood specialist, Natural Resources specialist, Assistant Procurement specialist, M&E specialist, Focal NGO consultant and ESMP/RAP consultant. Mr Emeka Achebe (AN-NEWMAP communication specialist) told the stakeholders that Anambra State registers up to 1,000 gullies alone, nearly double of other states in the southeast. With a growing population, these combined factors he said has put substantial pressure on land resources and the safety of the population living around the gullies. He maintained that the development could be attributed to anthropogenic and natural factors such as poor storm water drainage networks, topography, flood etc. and worried that the expansion of these gullies have degraded many plots of land and damaged houses, schools, churches, businesses as well as split communities and removed pathways. The AN-NEWMAP spokesman told the participants that Nnewichi gully site was among other sites in Anambra state that have been approved by World Bank for intervention works. He however started that it is important that the World Bank safeguard policies which could be triggered as a result of project implementation will be addressed. Accordingly, the SPMU has engaged Hospitalia Consultaire Ltd (Environmental Health Consultancy Firm) to carry out the ESMP/RAP studies of the proposed site. The consultant took the stage, he warmly welcomed every stakeholder present. He explained the rationale behind World Bank Operational Procedure 4.01 (Environmental Assessment) and 4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement) thus informed the stakeholders that his assignments is in two parts- Environmental and Social Management Plan ( ESMP) and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). He started that the paramount objective of his ESMP assignment is to develop procedures and plans to ensure that the mitigationmeasures would be implemented throughout the phases for the Rehabilitation of the Nnewichi Gully Erosion site. He stated that the ESMP report will ensure the effective long-term protection of the area and other biotic and abiotic components of the environment. Subsequently, he stated also that the RAP study will focus on the Identification and assessment of human impact of the proposed works at the targeted gully erosion site and to prepare an action plan to be implemented in coordination with the civil works. The resettlement action plan he said will identify the Project Affected Persons (PAPs), engage them in participatory discussions regarding the formulating of an action plan to adequately compensate people for their losses as well as assign adequate costing for implementing the resettlement plan. The consultant enlightened the stakeholders on the NEWMAP livelihood restoration plans. He reiterated that NEWMAP has livelihood activities projects that focused on alleviating the sufferings impended on the PAPs and project communities by the lingering erosion menace. The consultant called on the project community to take the ownership of the NEWMAP projects. He reminded them that until they protect and participate on the NEWMAP projects before the projects would be sustained. He also advised the community to protect the project equipment during construction works.

The AN-NEWMAP Social and Livelihood Officer (SLO) Mrs. Blessing Okafor sensitized the participants on the overall RAP implementation. She stated that RAP implementation involves stages and

168

processes. She advised that stakeholders must remain resilient, patience and committed during these processes. She also stated that it’s expedient to formulate the site committee in order to ensure community involvement and ownership. She advised to Focal NGO to immediately form the committee members in a credible and fair process. The AN-NEWMAP Environmental specialist sensitized the stakeholders on the legacy issues. He stated the census and capturing exercise will be limited to properties that are still standing. He maintained that the compensation and evaluation would be done to the property/asset seen during census inventory. Generally, the community members welcomed the project whilst expressing their worries that rehabilitation work should commence expeditiously to prevent exacerbation of the erosion damages as the raining season draws near.

Frequently Raised Comments, Concerns, Questions at Community Meetings and Consultations

Comments/Concerns/Questions Raised Consultant’s Responses to Issues Raised

Chief Ezikiel Izuchukwu (Obi Umuogbo Nnewichi) Endorsed. expressed happiness and pleaded with stakeholders to effectively participate through the project cycle.

Felix Udeh observed that the gully has different fingers, An-NEWMAP engaged SMEC Group, an some not connected to the major gully; he sought to know engineering firm based in Australia to carry- if all the sites were captured. out the engineering and feasibility study of the proposed site. They have carried out an in-depth studies and believed to have captured the affected sites.

Ofokile Josephine (Mrs.) expressed sadness over the Endorsed mortality incidences the erosion menace has caused. She however expressed hope that the proposed project

169

Comments/Concerns/Questions Raised Consultant’s Responses to Issues Raised will bring a lasting solution to the problem.

Ifeoma Ukafor lamented over the communities Her views were noted by the consultant. insensitive on waste disposal practices. She stated that those who use gully sites or drainage channels as a dump site are being irrational. She called on the Obi of Nnewichi to take drastic action on the offenders and also set up Monitoring Committee to enforce his decision.

Ogbuofi advised the members of the community to be View duly endorsed. sincere and upright with the consultant. He stated that

the attitude and commitment of the community would enable the project to actualize its desired result.

Advocacy Visit with the Obi Nnewichi and Other relevant Stakeholders

The advocacy visit meeting was held on 9th Feb, 2017 at the resident of Chief Ogbuefi Ifeanyi Melie (Special Adviser to the Anambra State Governor on Budget, Efficiency and IGR) at 10:32am. The stakeholders present in the meeting includes: Obi Nnewichi, President General of Nnnewichi Development Union, and Special Adviser to Anambra State Governor on Economy and Strategic Planning, Women Group Leaders, Youth Group Leaders and other stakeholders. The advocacy visit was necessary to introduce the ESMP and RAP consultancy services to the stakeholders and seek their consent and opinion on the exercise. The visit was also scheduled to gain a better understanding of the project environment, social structure and existing livelihood activities of the area. It was also initiated to allow the relevant stakeholders to select a suitable date for a larger stakeholder’s consultation including venue and time for the town hall meeting.

170

The President General of Nnewichi Development Union, Obi of Nnewich and the Special Adviser to the Anambra State Governor on Budget, Efficiency and IGR) were on separate notes welcomed the consultancy team and were particularly delighted for the visit. On his remarks, Chief Ogbuefi described the ugly incidences the community have experienced as a result of the erosion menace. He stated that the erosion adverse impacts have caused a lot of sorrows and concerns for the people. He lamented on the several efforts made by some concerned Nnewichi citizens in calling the attention of the state government and NEWMAP in salvaging the erosion problem. He described the NEWMAP intervention mission as a collective effort of the Anambra state government, Federal Government of Nigeria and World Bank. He maintained that Anambra state government had before now done the needful by paying her counterpart funding in making sure that this project is effectively and smoothly implemented. The Obi of Nnewichi in a swift reaction assured the stakeholders that the community will play her part for effective project implementation. HRH expressed worries over the watershed problems ravaging across the quarters and pleaded that the work should cover all the erosion sites within the community. The PG of Nnewichi Development Union reaffirmed the community commitment and willingness in ensuring that the NEWMAP proposed project would be slickly implemented. The AN-NEWMAP communication specialist acknowledged the presence of the participated stakeholders while assuring them that SPMU commitment towards efficient project implementation. He introduced the ESMP/RAP consultant to the stakeholders, urged them for unflinching support and corporation. The consultant gave a brief on his assignment scope of work requesting the community to come out in numbers during the town hall meeting so as to express their concerns and ideas. He also stated that the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) should be on ground during census exercise to enable the consultant carry out an effective study. The stakeholders utilized the opportunity to understand the scope of the consultancy and agreed that 11th Feb, 2017 would be effective date for the Town Hall Meeting. The meeting ended by the traditional blessing said by Obi Nnewichi. Time ended 1:37pm.

Group Consultations These consultation meetings were carried out with representatives of the women group, youth group and people living within and around the gully area. Also, part of those interviewed were members of market group and Palm Oil Mill owners. The purpose was for the consultant and them to get a deeper understanding of the erosion intervention and overall NEWMAP processes. Also, the consultant sought to find out the measures the community have been engaged in to help prevent or reduce the progress of the erosion. As part of the information sought, the consultant was given a history of the community, cultural heritage and other project community baseline information. Women Group An in-dept interview carried out among some selected women in Nnewichi revealed that the women folks were fully enthusiastic about the project. They pledged to be committed throughout the project circle. Palm Oil Mill Owners This group expressed hope that the project will attract investors and reduced anxiety. Field work inspection revealed that gully expansion has encroached to some of the Oil Mill Facilities situated within the Nnewichi community. Youth Group

171

Youth folks participated fully during the consultation processes and field work exercise. This group was identified as one of the “key stakeholders” by the consultation. The group consultation with them centered on contractor equipment security, protection of contractors and overall safety of the workers for the Nnewichi gully erosion rehabilitation. They were advised to remain committed and expect to be carried along during the construction and other sub project activities.

172

ANNEX NINE: PAPS IDENTIFICATION CATALOGUE

NAME PHONE AGE SEX

8064784622 62 F

Agbafuna Veronica Ugoye

8064784622 62 F

Agbafuna Veronica Ugoye for Family

Akaobi Rosemary

173

7036267467 40 F

Akuchukwu Nwanneka Flore

8162170699 96 M

Akunne Anthony Nchekwube for Family

8034617391 57 M

Akwuo Shrine c/o Patric Obieze

174

Anikwenze Philomena Uchenna

Anikwenze Philomina Okoye

Anyisia Veronica Ogonna

175

8061330790 63 M

Arinze Borniface Nweeke

8061330790 63 M

Arinze Borniface Nweeke for Arinze Family

Arinze Christiana Ifeoma

176

7036126348 106 M

Christain Nbanefo

Chukwuzubelu Caroline Ifeoma

177

Chukwuzubelu Caroline Ifeoma for Family

8035094779 39 F

178

Egbuonu Anthonia Ebere (Widow)

Ejemba Cletus Ndubuisi

87037489597

179

ikeme Ebele Esther

8035472743 78 F

Ejikeme Juliana Egoyibo for Family

8038686271 54 M

180

Emekwue Augustine Onyenwe

7038637065 37 M

Emenike James Onyebuchi

181

Emma Obiefuna

8036779068 43 M

Emmanuel Anyisia

182

Ezeadichie Francis Nwoye

Ezeadichie Pius Obi

183

Ezeadichie Pius Obi for Family

8068792659 45 M

Ezeike Emmanuel Nnanna For Family

9063138539

60 F

184

Ezeike Nwanneka Justina

9063138539 50 F

Ezeike Obiage Getrude

9063138539 60 F

185

Ezeike Obiage Getrude & Mrs Justina Ezike for Family

7068867402 60 F

Ezenwanne Mary Enuma

7064300670 58 M

186

Ezeoke Luke Ikechukwu

7064300670 58 M

Ezeoke Luke Ikechukwu for Family

8067656533 65 M

Ezeukwu Family c/o Eugene Obinwa Ezeukwu

187

8063875900 52 F

Ezike Obiage Getrude for Family

188

Ezike Virginia Nwauduego

8033301466 67 M

Francis Nwankwo

8037308638 78 M

Frank Ucheagwu

189

8062715272 57 F

Igboanugo Nkechi Cordelia

8066094871 30 M

Ilechukwu Hycinth Ikenna

190

8066418602 37 M

Iloabuchi Emmanuel Onyek

Ilogu Okeke

191

7036126348 63 M

Joseph Austin Jekwu

8133671492 79 M

Joseph Anachebe For Family

192

7035310138 63 F

Kuzue Agnes Obageli

8125098451 25 F

Kuzue Anthonia Ebele

193

8066764523 35 F

Kuzue Chidinma

8149593478 50 F

194

Kuzue Fidelia Obigali

7067622978 69 M

Kuzue Samuel Ifeanyichukwu for Family

Maduekwe Ogochukwu Loret

195

8163768956 70 F

Okeke Ifeoma Mary

8038308179 35 F

196

Mbanefo Adaeze Monica

Mbanu (Mrs.)

8068071510 57 M

197

Mbanu Dennis Chukwudozie

8144672234 54 F

Mercy Akunne (Widow)

Michael Okigbo

198

8063696066 59 M

Michael Uduji

8068492814 40 F

Mmadubuike Felicia Nwadinma

199

9034951930 58 F

Ngozi Onyilumba

8037168905 59 M

200

Ngwube Samuel Nwafor

8038715733 72 M

Nnadiugwu Ambrose

7032828951 45 M

Nwachukwu Peter Akuchukwu

201

Nwadimma Kuzue

202

Nwadiogwu Okeke

Nwajiugo Fabian Ubanagu

8038892437 46 M

203

Nwajiugo Joseph Okenna

8062275100 68 F

Nwajiugo Philomina Eziam

8061188787 71 M

204

Nwajugo Godwin Ugonze

Obiechina Family c/o Obagu

8034617391 57 M

205

Obieze Patric Ikechukwu for Family

8033192193 61 M

Obika Hycinth Rapuluchukwu

8034177518 65 M

206

Obiora Samuel Chinedu

Ojoto Community

8149631388 56 F

207

Ojuba Ukamaka Caroline

8149631388 56 F

Ojuba Ukamaka Caroline for Family

8092708036 44 M

208

Okafor Peter Chibueze

8092708036 44 M

Okafor Peter Chibueze for Family

209

Okafor Stella

8033290275 51 M

Silvester Okeke for Family

210

Okeke Chimadubude Theres for Family

7030994586 72 M

Okeke Simon

7030994586 72 M

211

Okeke Simon for Family

7039244849 40 F

Okeke Stella Eyiuche

8065652251 80 M

212

Okigbo Anthony Anachebe

Okigbo Emmanuel Emeka

8147569258 57 F

213

Okigbo Juliana Chioma

7031616951 50 M

Okonkwo Daniel Emmanuel

9063275582 35 M

214

Okonkwo Philip Obinna

8037344383 46 M

Okoro Christopher Okechukwu

215

Okoye Chukwuemeka P for Justina Okoye

8102604527 22 M

Arinze Okoye for Okoye Family

8183203759 65 M

216

Okoye Luke Ozo

7034941484 67 F

Onwubualili Josephine IF

8063409341 30 F

217

Onwunaruba Francisca Chiamaka

8037916081 37 M

Orakwue Tochukwu Emmannu

8037916081 37 M

218

Orakwue Tochukwu Emmannu for Family

Pius Ezeadichie

8063551013 51 F

219

Tochukwu Ezeiloaku c/o Justina Osuno

8064343885 72 M

Ubabuko Micheal Nweke

7062405501 60 M

220

Ucheagwu Edwin Nnamdi

7036326049 45 F

Uduji Onyebuchi Evelyn

8035798229 60 F

221

Umeghalu Juliana Ugoye

8164660288 42 M

Uzoh John Emeka

8176991183 48 M

222

Uzokwe Bethrand

8036779068 44 M

Uzokwe Louis Arinze

8036779068 44 M

223

Uzokwe Louis Arinze for Family

9039412459 35 F

Uzokwe Obigeli

8068447304 68 F

224

Virginia Maduike

Anthony Arinze

225

John Nwankwo

Akuobi Family

226

Nwafor Akabo

Samuel Nwajugo

227

Luis Akaluo for Akaluo family

Chikere for Akukanna Family

228

Akukanna Godwin Ndika

Cornelius Okoye

229

Erick Aro

Eugene Obinwa Ezeukwu

230

Ifeanyi Ekwesiobi

Ikenna Hycinth Ilechukwu for Ikechukwu Family

8034991077 M

231

John Okigbo

Jude Anupuo

232

Luis Chukwuma

Odiaka Chukwuemeka

233

Peter Onyenzegbuo for Onyenzegbuo Family

Sunday Ndukwe

8033760799 M

234

Ejikeme Emmanuel

Nwaoba Rose Ezeabata

235