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The Characterization and Gender Discrimination Against Afghani Women in Osama English Letters Department Faculty of Adab And THE CHARACTERIZATION AND GENDER DISCRIMINATION AGAINST AFGHANI WOMEN IN OSAMA A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Strata One RINA MARETA NIM: 103026027668 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY JAKARTA 2011 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text. Jakarta, January 10th 2011 Rina Mareta iv LEGALIZATION Name : Rina Mareta NIM : 103026027668 Title : The Characterization and Gender Discrimination against Afghani Women in Osama The thesis has been defended before the faculty letters and humanities’ examination committee on Jakarta, January 10th 2011. It has been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirement for Degree of Strata One. Jakarta, January 10th 2011 The Examination Committee Signature Date Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M. Pd (Chair person) _________ _________ NIP. 19640710 199303 1 006 Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum (Secretary) _________ __________ NIP. 19781003 200112 2 002 Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum (Advisor) _________ __________ NIP. 19781003 200112 2 002 Drs. Abdul Hamid, M.Ed (Examiner I) _________ __________ NIP. 150 181 922 Moh. Supardi, M.Hum (Examiner II) _________ __________ NIP. - iii ABSTRACT Rina Mareta, the Characterization and Gender Discrimination Against Afghani Women in the movie, Osama. A paper. Jakarta: Adab and Humanities Faculty, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, January 2011. This analysis aims to analyze the characterization of the main character and gender discrimination against Afghani women presented in the movie, Osama. The data of the main character and characterization are collected by finding the evidence from the dialog and scene in the movie and the behavior and the attitude of the main character. To get the gender discrimination values, the data are analyzed through qualitative method and using descriptive analysis. From the characterization side, there will be focus on her name, her age and hobby, financial status, educational level, marital status, physical appearance and fashion. Meanwhile, from the gender discrimination side, it will discuss about psychological violence; physical violence; sexual violence; economic violence and political violence. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful First and foremost, the writer would be grateful to Allah SWT, the lord of human and everything in the sky and the earth. Peace and salutation be upon the greatest Prophet Muhammad SAW and to his family, his companions and his adherents. The writer is especially grateful for her beloved parents for their kind support, patient, pray and smile to her to come this far. Also to her family, her husband, Syarif Hidayatullah, for his sincere love and patient during the time, her most lovely daughter, Luella Aurellia Syarif, who inspires her for every single word she types. The writer is indebted to her advisor, Mrs. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum who has guided the writer to finish this thesis. The writer would like to express her appreciation to 1. Dr. H. Abdul Wahid Hasyim, M.Ag, the Dean Faculty of Adab and Humanities 2. Drs. Saefuddin, M.Pd, the Head of English Letters Department 3. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum, the Secretary of English Letters Department. 4. And lecturers of English Letters Department. v She owes a special gratitude to all her friends in class B who have helped in so many ways, directly and indirectly. She apologizes that she can not mention them one by one, but their kindness will always remain in her heart. Last but not least, all those words cannot fully express her deepest gratitude for everyone who is always helpful for her. May Allah, the All Hearer and the All Knower bless them. Amen. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………… i APPROVEMENT…………………………………………………………… ii LEGALIZATION…………………………………………………………… iii DECLARATION……………………………………………………………. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………… v TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………… vii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………… 1 A. Background of the Study …………………………………………… 1 B. Focus of the Study …………………………………………………… 4 C. Research of Question ………………………………………………… 5 D. Significances of the Study………………………………………………5 E. Research Methodology …………………………………………… 5 CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK………………………… 8 A. A Character Analysis………………………………………………… 8 B. Gender Discrimination ………..……………………………………… 10 1. Feminism …………………..……………………………………… 10 2. Violence ………………………………….………………………… 11 2.1 Psychological Violence ………………………….…………… 12 2.2 Physical Violence ………………….…………………………. 13 2.3 Sexual Violence ……………………………………………….. 14 2.4 Economic Violence ……………………………………………. 15 2.5 Political Violence ……………………………………………… 16 vii CHAPTER III. RESEARCH FINDINGS …………………………………… 17 A. Data Description .…………………………………………………..… 17 B Data Analysis ……………………………………………………….. 21 B.1 Characterization of the Main Character ……………………… 21 B.1.1. A Nameless Girl …….………………..………………… 21 B.1.2. Age and Hobby ……………………..…………………. 23 B.1.3. Financial and Economic Status ………………………… 23 B.1.4. Education ……………………….……………………… 25 B.1.5. Marital Status …………………..……………………… 27 B.1.6. Physical Appearance …………………………………… 29 B.1.6. Fashion……………. …………………………………… 31 B.2 Gender Discrimination Against Afghani Women in Osama …… 32 B.2.1. Psychological Violence .……………………………… 33 B.2.2. Physical Violence .……………………………………… 39 B.2.3. Sexual Violence .……………………………….……… 41 B.2.4. Economic Violence .………………………….………… 44 B.2.5. Political Violence .………………………….…………… 44 CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION……………………. 47 A. Conclusion……………………………………………………………. 47 B. Suggestion…………………………………………………………….. 49 BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………….......... 50 viii 1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of The Study Probably until today in some parts of the world, women are still considered inferior, emotional, weak creature. Never, can they position the responsibilities what men have been in charge so far. Biological significant difference between women and men is usually the main factor that triggers gender discrimination. The society often refers to women’s biological condition as the reason for the lack or weakness of women’s intellectual and physical ability compared to men. Therefore, women are considered incapable of carrying public roles.1 The problems occur about women in a certain society mostly connect to feminism issues; one of which is gender discrimination. Gender matters have been a very long issue almost in all countries in the world and this gender matters can lead into many other systemic problems. Patriarchy is almost known as a prior reason that emerged gender discrimination so that gender discrimination is called as a patriarchal “product”. Patriarchy is a 1 Sunarto, Analisis Wacana Ideology Gender Media Anak-Anak ( Semarang: Penerbit Mimbar, 2000) P. 36 2 political system ruled by men in which women have inferior social and political status.2 This ironic situation occurs in many countries mostly in Middle East including Afghanistan where the gender discrimination in Osama happened. That poor condition stimulates the movement from women themselves. They called as women’s emancipation movement or women’s liberation, they are not against men as individual but they are against the oppressive and outdated social structure that forces both men and women into false and antagonistic positions. They have campaigned for women's legal rights (rights of contract, property rights, voting rights); for women's right to bodily integrity and autonomy; for abortion rights, and for reproductive rights (including access to contraception and quality prenatal care); for protection from domestic violence, sexual harassment and rape for workplace rights, including maternity leave and equal pay, and against other forms of discrimination.3 In Osama, there are several forms of gender discrimination which is totally inspired by a true story. This critically acclaimed and award winning drama was the first entirely Afghani film made after the rise and fall of the Taliban. 2 Ibid. P. 198. 3 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_movement 3 "Osama" is what the 12-year-old (played with pained clarity by Marina Golbahari) calls herself when she disguises herself as a boy, and the name references Al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden only inasmuch as it stands to raise fewer suspicions. In any event, the girl doesn't have other options. Under Taliban rule, women are not allowed outside their houses without a male escort from their family -- the punishment is death by stoning -- but the girl's father and uncle have both been killed in the wars, and the hospital where her mother (Zubaida Sahar) worked has been closed. Cross-dressing is the only way Osama can feed her family. As directed with poetic bluntness by Siddiq Barmak (who ran the Afghan Film Organization before 1996, when the Taliban sent him fleeing to Pakistan; he returned to his homeland after the regime fell in early 2002), the film is anything but a profile in courage. The girl is at all times terrified of discovery, and even with her hair cropped short and her face hardened into an unconvincing glare the audience stays on edge, too. Taliban foot soldiers loom around every corner,
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